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First Video of New Spider Species! - Smarter Every Day 78 ( Inglês )

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Video of the discovery of a new Cyclosa species that builds decoys of larger spiders.

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Cyclosa ( Inglês )

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Cyclosa, also called trashline orbweavers,[2] is a genus of orb-weaver spiders first described by Anton Menge in 1866.[3] Widely distributed worldwide, spiders of the genus Cyclosa build relatively small orb webs with a web decoration. The web decoration in Cyclosa spiders is often linear and includes prey remains and other debris, which probably serve to camouflage the spider. The name "Cyclosa" comes from Greek 'to move in a circle', referring to how it spins its web.[2]

While most orb-web spiders face downwards in their web when waiting for prey, some Cyclosa species (e.g. C. ginnaga and C. argenteoalba) face upwards.[4]

Notable members

Cyclosa argenteoalba

Cyclosa argenteoalba builds two types of web, a traditional sticky spider web, and a resting web that consists of just a few strands. When infected with a larva of the wasp Reclinervellus nielseni, the spider switches on the behavior to build a resting web.[5] The larva then eats the spider and uses the web to complete metamorphosis.[6]

Cyclosa mulmeinensis

C. mulmeinensis, found on Orchid Island off the southeast coast of Taiwan, makes web decorations similar in size and appearance to itself that act as decoys to distract predatory wasps.[7]

Cyclosa tremula

One small species from Guyana described under the nomen dubium C. tremula has a black and white pattern and rests in the center of an orb web with greyish "imitation spiders" it has created from prey remains. If the spider is disturbed, it vibrates its body, so that the black and white patches blur into grey, thus resembling the false spiders.[8]

Cyclosa turbinata

C. turbinata are known for creating orb-shaped webs, which are webs that utilize both sticky and non-sticky threads, mostly during times of complete darkness. Cyclosa turbinata is unique in that across its spiral wheel-shaped web, it also creates the so-called "trashline" web, which is a line of various components such as prey carcasses, detritus, and, at times, egg cases. This trashline appears to hinder predators from visually locating the spider within its web.

Species

Cyclosa sp. in north Queensland, Australia

As of April 2019 it contains 180 species:[1]

References

  1. ^ a b "Gen. Cyclosa Menge, 1866". World Spider Catalog. Natural History Museum Bern. Retrieved 2019-05-13.
  2. ^ a b "Genus Cyclosa". BugGuide. Retrieved 2019-05-13.
  3. ^ Menge, A. (1866). "Preussische Spinnen. Erste Abtheilung. Schriften der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Danzig". Schriften der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Danzig.
  4. ^ Nakata, Kensuke; Zschokke, Samuel (2010). "Upside-down spiders build upside-down orb webs: web asymmetry, spider orientation and running speed in Cyclosa". Proceedings of the Royal Society B. Royal Society. 277 (1696): 3019–3025. doi:10.1098/rspb.2010.0729. PMC 2982030. PMID 20462900.
  5. ^ Takasuka, Keizo; Yasui, Tomoki; Ishigami, Toru; Nakata, Kensuke; Matsumoto, Rikio; Ikeda, Kenichi; Maeto, Kaoru (2015-08-01). "Host manipulation by an ichneumonid spider ectoparasitoid that takes advantage of preprogrammed web-building behaviour for its cocoon protection". Journal of Experimental Biology. 218 (15): 2326–2332. doi:10.1242/jeb.122739. ISSN 0022-0949. PMID 26246608.
  6. ^ Arielle Duhaime-Ross (August 6, 2015). "Zombie spider builds a stronger web for the parasitic wasp that's sucking its blood". The Verge. Retrieved 2015-09-14.
  7. ^ Walker, Matt (6 July 2009). "Spider builds life-sized decoys". BBC News. Retrieved 2021-09-26.
  8. ^ Oxford, G.S.; Gillespie, R.G. (1998). "Evolution and Ecology of Spider Coloration". Annual Review of Entomology. 43: 619–643. doi:10.1146/annurev.ento.43.1.619. PMID 15012400. S2CID 6963733.
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Cyclosa: Brief Summary ( Inglês )

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Cyclosa, also called trashline orbweavers, is a genus of orb-weaver spiders first described by Anton Menge in 1866. Widely distributed worldwide, spiders of the genus Cyclosa build relatively small orb webs with a web decoration. The web decoration in Cyclosa spiders is often linear and includes prey remains and other debris, which probably serve to camouflage the spider. The name "Cyclosa" comes from Greek 'to move in a circle', referring to how it spins its web.

While most orb-web spiders face downwards in their web when waiting for prey, some Cyclosa species (e.g. C. ginnaga and C. argenteoalba) face upwards.

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Cyclosa ( Espanhol; Castelhano )

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Cyclosa es un género de arañas araneomorfas de la familia Araneidae. Se encuentra en todos los continentes.

Lista de especies

Según The World Spider Catalog 12.0:[1]

Referencias

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wikipedia ES

Cyclosa: Brief Summary ( Espanhol; Castelhano )

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Cyclosa es un género de arañas araneomorfas de la familia Araneidae. Se encuentra en todos los continentes.

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Cyclosa ( Francês )

fornecido por wikipedia FR

Cyclosa est un genre d'araignées aranéomorphes de la famille des Araneidae[1].

Distribution

Les espèces de ce genre se rencontrent sur tous les continents sauf aux pôles[1].

Description

La plupart des espèces de ce genre décorent leurs toiles de motifs de soie ou d'objets divers, parfois pour écarter leurs prédateurs[2].

Liste des espèces

Selon World Spider Catalog (version 22.5, 30/11/2021)[3] :

Publication originale

  • Menge, 1866 : « Preussische Spinnen. Erste Abtheilung. » Schriften der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Danzig, (N.F.) vol. 1, p. 1-152 (texte intégral).

Notes et références

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Cyclosa: Brief Summary ( Francês )

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Cyclosa est un genre d'araignées aranéomorphes de la famille des Araneidae.

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Cyclosa ( Italiano )

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Cyclosa Menge, 1866 è un genere appartenente alla famiglia Araneidae.

Etimologia

Il nome deriva dal greco κύκλος, kyklos, cioè cerchio, giro, per le modalità della tessitura della tela.

Caratteristiche

Una delle peculiarità di questo genere è di porre verticalmente le prede imbozzolate lungo la tela, probabilmente per tenerle costantemente sotto controllo.

Distribuzione

Le numerose specie oggi note e la loro diffusione rendono questo genere pressoché cosmopolita, con l'eccezione dei Poli. Le specie dall'areale più vasto sono la C. conica e la C. oculata, rinvenute in molte località, rispettivamente, della regione olartica e della regione paleartica[1].

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Cyclosa alba, femmina
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Cyclosa angusta, femmina
 src=
Cyclosa confusa, femmina
 src=
Cyclosa ginnaga, femmina

Tassonomia

Considerata un sinonimo anteriore di Parazygia Caporiacco, 1955, secondo la specie tipo Parazygia accentonotata Caporiacco, 1955, a seguito di un lavoro di Levi (1977a)[1].

Dal 2013 non sono stati esaminati esemplari di questo genere[1].

A dicembre 2013, si compone di 168 specie e 8 sottospecie[1]:

  1. Cyclosa alayoni Levi, 1999 - Cuba, Portorico
  2. Cyclosa alba Tanikawa, 1992 - Giappone
  3. Cyclosa albisternis Simon, 1887 - India, isole Andamane, Hawaii
  4. Cyclosa albopunctata Kulczynski, 1901 - Africa, Nuova Guinea, Nuova Caledonia
  5. Cyclosa algerica Simon, 1885 - area del Mediterraneo
  6. Cyclosa andinas Levi, 1999 - Colombia, Ecuador
  7. Cyclosa angusta Tanikawa, 1992 - Giappone
  8. Cyclosa argentata Tanikawa & Ono, 1993 - Taiwan
  9. Cyclosa argenteoalba Bösenberg & Strand, 1906 - Russia, Cina, Corea, Taiwan, Giappone
  10. Cyclosa atrata Bösenberg & Strand, 1906 - Russia, Cina, Corea, Giappone
  11. Cyclosa baakea Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 - Filippine
  12. Cyclosa bacilliformis Simon, 1908 - Australia occidentale
  13. Cyclosa baloghi Kolosvàry, 1934 - Ungheria
  14. Cyclosa banawensis Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 - Filippine
  15. Cyclosa berlandi Levi, 1999 - USA, dall'isola di Hispaniola all'Ecuador
  16. Cyclosa bianchoria Yin et al., 1990 - Cina
  17. Cyclosa bifida (Doleschall, 1859) - dall'India alle Filippine, Nuova Guinea
  18. Cyclosa bifurcata (Walckenaer, 1842) - Costa Rica, dall'isola di Hispaniola all'Argentina
  19. Cyclosa bihamata Zhang, Zhang & Zhu, 2010 - Cina
  20. Cyclosa bituberculata Biswas & Raychaudhuri, 1998 - Bangladesh
  21. Cyclosa bulleri (Thorell, 1881) - Nuova Guinea
  22. Cyclosa cajamarca Levi, 1999 - Perù
  23. Cyclosa caligata (Thorell, 1890) - Sumatra
  24. Cyclosa camargoi Levi, 1999 - Brasile
  25. Cyclosa camelodes (Thorell, 1878) - isole Seychelles, Nuova Guinea
  26. Cyclosa caroli (Hentz, 1850) - USA, dalle Indie occidentali alla Bolivia
  27. Cyclosa centrifaciens Hingston, 1927 - Myanmar
  28. Cyclosa centrodes (Thorell, 1887) - dall'India a Singapore
  29. Cyclosa cephalodina Song & Liu, 1996 - Cina
  30. Cyclosa chichawatniensis Mukhtar & Mushtaq, 2005 - Pakistan
  31. Cyclosa circumlucens Simon, 1907 - Guinea Bissau, isola di São Tomé
  32. Cyclosa concolor Caporiacco, 1933 - Libia
  33. Cyclosa confraga (Thorell, 1892) - India, dal Bangladesh alla Malesia
  34. Cyclosa confusa Bösenberg & Strand, 1906 - Cina, Corea, Taiwan, Giappone
  35. Cyclosa conica (Pallas, 1772)[2] - regione olartica
    • Cyclosa conica albifoliata Strand, 1907 - Francia
    • Cyclosa conica defoliata Strand, 1907 - Europa centrale
    • Cyclosa conica dimidiata Simon, 1929 - Francia
    • Cyclosa conica leucomelas Strand, 1907 - Europa centrale
    • Cyclosa conica pyrenaica Strand, 1907 - Francia
    • Cyclosa conica zamezai Franganillo, 1909 - Portogallo
  36. Cyclosa conigera F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1906 - dal Messico all'Honduras
  37. Cyclosa coylei Levi, 1999 - Messico, Guatemala
  38. Cyclosa cucurbitoria Yin et al., 1990 - Cina
  39. Cyclosa cucurbitula Simon, 1900 - Hawaii
  40. Cyclosa curiraba Levi, 1999 - Bolivia
  41. Cyclosa cylindrata Yin, Zhu & Wang, 1995 - Cina
  42. Cyclosa cylindrifaciens Hingston, 1927 - Myanmar
  43. Cyclosa damingensis Xie, Yin & Kim, 1995 - Cina
  44. Cyclosa deserticola Levi, 1998 - Egitto, Israele
  45. Cyclosa dianasilvae Levi, 1999 - Ecuador, Perù
  46. Cyclosa diversa O. P.-Cambridge, 1894 - Messico, da Cuba all'Argentina
  47. Cyclosa dives Simon, 1877 - Cina, Filippine
  48. Cyclosa donking Levi, 1999 - Bolivia
  49. Cyclosa dosbukolea Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 - Filippine
  50. Cyclosa durango Levi, 1999 - Messico
  51. Cyclosa elongata Biswas & Raychaudhuri, 1998 - Bangladesh
  52. Cyclosa espumoso Levi, 1999 - Brasile
  53. Cyclosa fililineata Hingston, 1932 - da Panama all'Argentina
  54. Cyclosa formosa Karsch, 1879 - Africa occidentale
  55. Cyclosa formosana Tanikawa & Ono, 1993 - Taiwan
  56. Cyclosa fuliginata (C. L. Koch, 1871) - Australia (Nuovo Galles del Sud, Victoria)
  57. Cyclosa ginnaga Yaginuma, 1959 - Cina, Corea, Taiwan, Giappone
  58. Cyclosa gossypiata Keswani, 2013 - India
  59. Cyclosa groppalii Pesarini, 1998 - isole Baleari
  60. Cyclosa gulinensis Xie, Yin & Kim, 1995 - Cina
  61. Cyclosa haiti Levi, 1999 - isola di Hispaniola, Giamaica, isola Mona
  62. Cyclosa hamulata Tanikawa, 1992 - Russia, Giappone
  63. Cyclosa hexatuberculata Tikader, 1982 - India, Pakistan
  64. Cyclosa hova Strand, 1907 - Madagascar
  65. Cyclosa huila Levi, 1999 - Colombia
  66. Cyclosa imias Levi, 1999 - Cuba
  67. Cyclosa inca Levi, 1999 - dalla Colombia all'Argentina
  68. Cyclosa informis Yin, Zhu & Wang, 1995 - Cina
  69. Cyclosa insulana (O. G. Costa, 1834) - dal Mediterraneo alle Filippine, Australia
  70. Cyclosa ipilea Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 - Filippine
  71. Cyclosa jalapa Levi, 1999 - Messico
  72. Cyclosa japonica Bösenberg & Strand, 1906 - Russia, Cina, Corea, Taiwan, Giappone
  73. Cyclosa jose Levi, 1999 - Costarica
  74. Cyclosa kashmirica Caporiacco, 1934 - Karakorum
  75. Cyclosa kibonotensis Tullgren, 1910 - Africa centrale e orientale, isole Seychelles
  76. Cyclosa koi Tanikawa & Ono, 1993 - Taiwan
  77. Cyclosa krusa Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 - Pakistan, Filippine
  78. Cyclosa kumadai Tanikawa, 1992 - Russia Corea, Giappone
  79. Cyclosa laticauda Bösenberg & Strand, 1906 - Cina, Corea, Taiwan, Giappone
  80. Cyclosa lawrencei Caporiacco, 1949 - Kenya
  81. Cyclosa libertad Levi, 1999 - Ecuador, Perù
  82. Cyclosa litoralis (L. Koch, 1867) - isole Samoa, isole Figi, Tahiti
  83. Cyclosa longicauda (Taczanowski, 1878) - dalla Colombia all'Argentina
  84. Cyclosa machadinho Levi, 1999 - Brasile, Argentina
  85. Cyclosa maderiana Kulczynski, 1899 - Madeira, isole Canarie
  86. Cyclosa maritima Tanikawa, 1992 - Giappone
  87. Cyclosa mavaca Levi, 1999 - Colombia, Venezuela
  88. Cyclosa meruensis Tullgren, 1910 - Africa orientale
  89. Cyclosa micula (Thorell, 1892) - India, Singapore
  90. Cyclosa minora Yin, Zhu & Wang, 1995 - Cina
  91. Cyclosa mocoa Levi, 1999 - Colombia
  92. Cyclosa mohini Dyal, 1935 - Pakistan
  93. Cyclosa monteverde Levi, 1999 - Costa Rica, Panama
  94. Cyclosa monticola Bösenberg & Strand, 1906 - Russia, Cina, Corea, Taiwan, Giappone
  95. Cyclosa moonduensis Tikader, 1963 - India
  96. Cyclosa morretes Levi, 1999 - Brasile
  97. Cyclosa mulmeinensis (Thorell, 1887) - dall'Africa al Giappone, Filippine
  98. Cyclosa neilensis Tikader, 1977 - isole Andamane
  99. Cyclosa nevada Levi, 1999 - Colombia
  100. Cyclosa nigra Yin et al., 1990 - Cina
  101. Cyclosa nodosa (O. P.-Cambridge, 1889) - dal Guatemala alla Costa Rica
  102. Cyclosa norihisai Tanikawa, 1992 - Cina, Giappone
  103. Cyclosa oatesi (Thorell, 1892) - isole Andamane
  104. Cyclosa octotuberculata Karsch, 1879 - Cina, Corea, Taiwan, Giappone
  105. Cyclosa oculata (Walckenaer, 1802) - regione paleartica
  106. Cyclosa ojeda Levi, 1999 - isola di Curaçao (Venezuela)
  107. Cyclosa okumae Tanikawa, 1992 - Russia, Corea, Giappone
  108. Cyclosa olivenca Levi, 1999 - Brasile
  109. Cyclosa olorina Simon, 1900 - isole Hawaii
  110. Cyclosa omonaga Tanikawa, 1992 - Corea, Taiwan, Giappone
  111. Cyclosa onoi Tanikawa, 1992 - Cina, Giappone
  112. Cyclosa oseret Levi, 1999 - Brasile
  113. Cyclosa otsomarka Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 - Filippine
  114. Cyclosa pantanal Levi, 1999 - Brasile
  115. Cyclosa parangmulmeinensis Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 - Filippine
  116. Cyclosa parangtarugoa Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 - Filippine
  117. Cyclosa paupercula Simon, 1893 - Borneo
  118. Cyclosa pedropalo Levi, 1999 - Colombia
  119. Cyclosa pellaxoides Roewer, 1955 - Singapore
  120. Cyclosa pentatuberculata Yin, Zhu & Wang, 1995 - Cina
  121. Cyclosa perkinsi Simon, 1900 - Hawaii
  122. Cyclosa picchu Levi, 1999 - Perù
  123. Cyclosa pichilinque Levi, 1999 - Messico
  124. Cyclosa pseudoculata Schenkel, 1936 - Cina
  125. Cyclosa psylla (Thorell, 1887) - Myanmar, Giappone
  126. Cyclosa punctata Keyserling, 1879 - Brasile
  127. Cyclosa punjabiensis Ghafoor & Beg, 2002 - Pakistan
  128. Cyclosa purnai Keswani, 2013 - India
  129. Cyclosa pusilla Simon, 1880 - Nuova Caledonia
  130. Cyclosa quinqueguttata (Thorell, 1881) - India, Bhutan, Myanmar, Cina, Taiwan
  131. Cyclosa reniformis Zhu, Lian & Chen, 2006 - Cina
  132. Cyclosa rhombocephala (Thorell, 1881) - Queensland
  133. Cyclosa rubronigra Caporiacco, 1947 - dalla Costa Rica al Brasile
  134. Cyclosa sachikoae Tanikawa, 1992 - Giappone
  135. Cyclosa saismarka Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 - Pakistan, Filippine
  136. Cyclosa sanctibenedicti (Vinson, 1863) - isola di Réunion
  137. Cyclosa santafe Levi, 1999 - Colombia
  138. Cyclosa sedeculata Karsch, 1879 - Cina, Corea, Giappone
  139. Cyclosa senticauda Zhu & Wang, 1994 - Cina
  140. Cyclosa serena Levi, 1999 - Cile, Argentina
  141. Cyclosa seriata (Thorell, 1881) - Giava
  142. Cyclosa shinoharai Tanikawa & Ono, 1993 - Taiwan
  143. Cyclosa sierrae Simon, 1870 - dall'Europa alla Georgia
  144. Cyclosa simoni Tikader, 1982 - India
  145. Cyclosa simplicicauda Simon, 1900 - Hawaii
    • Cyclosa simplicicauda rufescens Simon, 1900 - Hawaii
  146. Cyclosa spirifera Simon, 1889 - India, Pakistan
  147. Cyclosa strandi Kolosvàry, 1934 - regione balcanica
  148. Cyclosa tamanaco Levi, 1999 - Trinidad
  149. Cyclosa tapetifaciens Hingston, 1932 - da Panama all'Argentina
  150. Cyclosa tardipes (Thorell, 1895) - Myanmar
    • Cyclosa tardipes ignava (Thorell, 1895) - Myanmar
  151. Cyclosa tauraai Berland, 1933 - isole Marchesi
  152. Cyclosa teresa Levi, 1999 - Brasile
  153. Cyclosa tricolor (Leardi, 1902) - Filippine
  154. Cyclosa trilobata (Urquhart, 1885) - Australia, Tasmania, Nuova Zelanda
  155. Cyclosa tripartita Tullgren, 1910 - Africa orientale
  156. Cyclosa triquetra Simon, 1895 - Messico, dalle Indie occidentali al Perù
  157. Cyclosa tropica Biswas & Raychaudhuri, 1998 - Bangladesh
  158. Cyclosa tuberascens Simon, 1906 - India
  159. Cyclosa turbinata (Walckenaer, 1842) - dagli USA a Panama, Indie occidentali, isole Galapagos, Hawaii
  160. Cyclosa turvo Levi, 1999 - Brasile
  161. Cyclosa vallata Keyserling, 1886 - Corea, Taiwan, dal Giappone all'Australia
  162. Cyclosa vicente Levi, 1999 - Colombia, Brasile, Argentina
  163. Cyclosa vieirae Levi, 1999 - Perù, Brasile
  164. Cyclosa walckenaeri O. P.-Cambridge, 1889 - dagli USA alla Guyana, Indie occidentali
  165. Cyclosa woyangchuan Zhang, Zhang & Zhu, 2010 - Cina
  166. Cyclosa xanthomelas Simon, 1900 - Hawaii
  167. Cyclosa yaginumai Biswas & Raychaudhuri, 1998 - Bangladesh
  168. Cyclosa zhangmuensis Hu & Li, 1997 - Cina

Omonimie ridenominate

Note

Bibliografia

  • Matsuyama, K., 1957 - [Ecology of Cyclosa atrata]. Atypus n.14, pp. 9–13.
  • Yaginuma, T., 1959b - Three new spiders collected by the scientific expeditions of the Osaka Museum of Natural History (Tetragnatha, Cyclosa & Titanoeca). Bull. Osaka Mus. nat. Hist. vol.11, pp. 11–14
  • Levi, H.W., 1977a - The American orb-weaver genera Cyclosa, Metazygia and Eustala north of Mexico (Araneae, Araneidae). Bull. Mus. comp. Zool. Harv. n.148, pp. 61–127
  • Tanikawa, A., 1990b - Notes on Cyclosa vallata (Keyserling, 1886) and C. mulmeinensis (Thorell, 1887) (Araneae: Araneidae). Atypus n.96, pp. 1–9
  • Akio Tanikawa, A revisional study of the japanese spiders of the genus Cyclosa Menge (Araneae: Araneidae), in Acta Arachnologica,, vol. 41, n. 1, 1992, pp. 11-85. URL consultato il 28 febbraio 2014.
  • Tanikawa, A., 1992d - A description of the male of Cyclosa onoi Tanikawa, 1992 (Araneae: Araneidae). Acta arachn. Tokyo n.41, pp. 199–202
  • Alayón G.,G., 1993d - Notas sobre el género Cyclosa (Araneae: Araneidae) en Cuba. Poeyana n.439, pp. 1–8
  • Lopez, A., 1993 - Les araignées de la Guadeloupe: Genres Metepeira, Cyclosa et Argiope (Araneidae). Bull. Soc. Sci. nat. (Venette-Compiègne) n.77. pp. 9–16
  • Tanikawa, A. & H. Ono, 1993 - Spiders of the genus Cyclosa (Araneae, Araneidae) from Taiwan. Bull. natn. Sci. Mus. Tokyo (A) n.19, pp. 51–64
  • Xie, L.P., C.M. Yin & J.P. Kim, 1995 - The new species of the genus Cyclosa from China (Araneae: Araneidae. Korean Arachnol. vol.11(1), pp. 23–28
  • Yin, C.M., M.S. Zhu & J.F. Wang, 1995 - Four new species of the genus Cyclosa from China (Araneae: Araneidae). Acta arachn. sin. vol.4, pp. 11–16
  • Kim, J.P. & S.D. Kim, 1996 - One unrecorded species (Araneidae, Cyclosa) from Korea. Korean Arachnol. vol.12(1), pp. 45–48
  • Tanikawa, A., 1997a - A description of the male of Cyclosa angusta (Araneae: Araneidae). Acta arachn. Tokyo vol.46, pp. 29–31
  • Biswas, V. & D. Raychaudhuri., 1998a - Spiders of the genus Cyclosa Menge (Araneae: Araneidae) from Bangladesh. Entomon vol.23, pp. 45–53
  • Groppali, R., P. Guerci & C. Pesarini, 1998 - Appunti sui Ragni (Arachnida, Araneae) della costa orientale di Eivissa (Ibiza), con la descrizione di una nuova specie: Cyclosa groppalii Pesarini (Araneidae). Boll. Soc. Hist. nat. Balears vol.41, pp. 65–74
  • Levi, H.W., 1999 - The Neotropical and Mexican Orb Weavers of the genera Cyclosa and Allocyclosa (Araneae: Araneidae). Bull. Mus. comp. Zool. Harv. n.155, pp. 299–379
  • Bayram, A. & M. Ünal, 2002 - A new record for the Turkish spider fauna: Cyclosa conica Pallas (Araneae, Araneidae). Turk. J. Zool. vol.26, pp. 173–175
  • Mukhtar, M.K. & S. Mushtaq, 2005b - Spiders of the genus Cyclosa (Araneae: Araneidae) from Punjab, Pakistan. Pakistan J. Zool. n.37, pp. 199–204

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Cyclosa: Brief Summary ( Italiano )

fornecido por wikipedia IT

Cyclosa Menge, 1866 è un genere appartenente alla famiglia Araneidae.

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Cyclosa ( Neerlandês; Flamengo )

fornecido por wikipedia NL

Cyclosa is een geslacht van spinnen uit de familie wielwebspinnen (Araneidae).

Soorten

Het geslacht kent de volgende soorten:[2]

Nederlandse soorten

Soorten in Nederland zijn:

Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
  1. Menge, A. (1866) Preussische Spinnen. Erste Abtheilung. Schrift. naturf. Ges. Danzig (N.F.) 1: 1-152
  2. Platnick, Norman I. (2010):The world spider catalog, version 10.5. American Museum of Natural History
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Cyclosa: Brief Summary ( Neerlandês; Flamengo )

fornecido por wikipedia NL

Cyclosa is een geslacht van spinnen uit de familie wielwebspinnen (Araneidae).

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Cyclosa ( Romeno; moldávio; moldavo )

fornecido por wikipedia RO

Cyclosa este un gen de păianjeni din familia Araneidae.[1]

Specii[1]

Referințe

  1. ^ a b Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (red.) (2011). „Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist”. Species 2000: Reading, UK. Accesat în 24 september 2012. Verificați datele pentru: |access-date= (ajutor)Mentenanță CS1: Nume multiple: lista autorilor (link)

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Cyclosa: Brief Summary ( Romeno; moldávio; moldavo )

fornecido por wikipedia RO

Cyclosa este un gen de păianjeni din familia Araneidae.

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Cyclosa ( Turco )

fornecido por wikipedia TR

Cyclosa, Araneidae familyasından, bütün dünyaya yayılmış 165[1] türden oluşan örümcek cinsidir. Cinsin tipi Cyclosa caroli türüdür.

Yayılımı

Kutuplar hariç bütün dünyada yayılım gösterir.

Türleri

Türkiye'deki durumu

Türkiye'de 3 türü bulunur[2]:

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

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Cyclosa: Brief Summary ( Turco )

fornecido por wikipedia TR

Cyclosa, Araneidae familyasından, bütün dünyaya yayılmış 165 türden oluşan örümcek cinsidir. Cinsin tipi Cyclosa caroli türüdür.

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Cyclosa ( Vietnamita )

fornecido por wikipedia VI

Cyclosa là một chi nhện trong họ Araneidae.

Các loài

Các loài trong chi này gồm:[2]

Hình ảnh

Chú thích

  1. ^ Menge, A. (1866) Preussische Spinnen. Erste Abtheilung. Schrift. naturf. Ges. Danzig (N.F.) 1: 1-152
  2. ^ Platnick, Norman I. (2010):The world spider catalog, version 10.5. American Museum of Natural History

Tham khảo

 src= Wikimedia Commons có thư viện hình ảnh và phương tiện truyền tải về Cyclosa


Hình tượng sơ khai Bài viết về phân họ nhện Araneinae này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
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wikipedia VI

Cyclosa: Brief Summary ( Vietnamita )

fornecido por wikipedia VI

Cyclosa là một chi nhện trong họ Araneidae.

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艾蛛属 ( Chinês )

fornecido por wikipedia 中文维基百科
多樣性 165 species Species

C. conica
C. monteverde
C. octotuberculata
many more

艾蛛属學名Cyclosa) ,又名塵蛛属,是圓蛛科下的一個屬。[1]


參考文獻

  1. ^ Oxford, G.S. & Gillespie, R.G. (1998). Evolution and Ecology of Spider Coloration. Annual Review of Entomology 43:619-643. doi:10.1146/annurev.ento.43.1.619
 src= 维基共享资源中相关的多媒体资源:艾蛛属
 title=
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艾蛛属: Brief Summary ( Chinês )

fornecido por wikipedia 中文维基百科

艾蛛属(學名:Cyclosa) ,又名塵蛛属,是圓蛛科下的一個屬。


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ゴミグモ属 ( Japonês )

fornecido por wikipedia 日本語
ゴミグモ属 Cyclosa octotuberculata.jpg
ゴミグモ
分類 : 動物界 Animalia : 節足動物門 Arthropoda 亜門 : 鋏角亜門 Chelicerata : クモ綱 Arachnida : クモ目 Araneae : コガネグモ科 Araneidae : ゴミグモ属 Cyclosa

ゴミグモ属 Cyclosa は、コガネグモ科に属するクモ分類群の一つ。ゴミを網につけてカモフラージュする種が含むことによる名だが、つけないものも多い。種類は多く、区別は難しいものも多い。

特徴[編集]

コガネグモ科の中ではあまり大きくならないクモの群。地味な、やや縦長の体格のクモであるが、外部形態はかなり多様である。

共通の特徴としては、次の点が上げられる。

  • 頭部と胸部がU字型の頚溝によって区別される。
  • コガネグモ科では中眼は頭部の中央に寄るのが普通であるが、この属では特に後中眼が互いに接近する。
  • 腹部はやや縦長で、後方背面が糸疣より長く突き出る。

ただし腹部の形態については様々で、マルゴミグモなどは楕円形の腹部を持ち、後方への突出もない。しかし多くのものでは全体に縦長で、シマゴミグモやヤマトゴミグモでは腹部後端が真後ろから斜め上に突き出る。ゴミグモやヨツデゴミグモでは後方の突出は大きくないが、そこに円錐形の突起を複数つけ、ゴミグモではさらに前方背面に肩状突起を持つ。

これらは褐色系の地味な色合いで、細かな模様があるが、地味で目立たない配色である。そんな中に銀色の鱗状の部分を持ち、銀色の金属光沢を持つものもある。ギンメッキゴミグモなどでは背面の広い範囲が銀色に光る。オーストラリアの C. trilobata は背面に赤、オレンジ、銀色などの縦縞を持ち、複数が密集して網を張っている様子は宝石のようだとのこと[1]

性的二形ははっきりしており、雄は雌より遙かに華奢で小さく、雌の姿をそのまま小さく痩せさせたような姿である。

生態など[編集]

ほとんどは垂直円網を張り、常に網の中心にクモが陣取っている。網は比較的目の細かいものである。しかし、たとえばマルゴミグモは水平円網を張り、しかもその網の上に乗る形で定位する。これは円網を張るクモ全体でも珍しい形である。

一部の種は網に食べ残しの餌などのゴミをつける。ゴミは網の中央を含んで縦に細長い形にしており、クモが網の中心に下向きに静止すると、ゴミに紛れて姿がわかりにくくなる。これはカモフラージュの効果があると考えられる。ゴミグモの名はこれに由来し、英名ではこのタイプのものをgarbageline spider というようである[2]。この種では腹部の前に一対、後端に複数の突起を持つのも、ゴミに紛れる上で効果を上げているように見える。歩脚もあまり伸ばさないで頭胸部に引き寄せてあり、これも外見をごちゃごちゃにさせるように見える。日本産の種ではこの他にヨツデゴミグモなどもゴミをつける習性がある。

しかしゴミをつけない種も多く、日本ではギンメッキゴミグモやカラスゴミグモなどはゴミをつけることはほとんどない。そのような種では隠れ帯をつける例もある。また、ギンナガゴミグモは網の真ん中に上向きに定位して、歩脚を伸ばし気味にするし、カラスゴミグモでは斜めに静止することがよくある。

卵嚢はゴミグモなどゴミをつける種ではゴミに紛れるように網の上に複数を並べる。これに対して、ヤマトゴミグモなどは網の近くの木の枝などの基盤上に半球形の卵嚢を貼り付ける。

分類[編集]

この属は、ムツボシオニグモ属カタハリオニグモ属と姉妹群をなすと考えられている。

世界中に約120種が知られ、日本からは22種が記録されている。ただし、分類は難しい。他の属との区別は比較的簡単なのだが、属内に非常によく似た種が幾つもあり、また個体変異もあって判断が難しい場合もある。それらの中には性器を確認しなければ判別しないもの、雄では生殖器で判別できるが雌ではそれが難しいものなどが含まれている。

以下に日本産の種を示す。それ以外のものについてはこの項を参照されたい。

  • C. octotuberculata ゴミグモ:人家周辺の普通種。
  • C. laticauda キジロゴミグモ
  • C. monticola ヤマゴミグモ
  • C. angusta ヤセゴミグモ
  • C. ono オノゴミグモ
  • C. omonaga シマゴミグモ
  • C. confusa ミナミノシマゴミグモ
  • C. japonica ヤマトゴミグモ
  • C. norihisai オガサワラゴミグモ
  • C. atrata カラスゴミグモ
  • C. hamulata カギヅメカラスゴミグモ
  • C. maritima ハマゴミグモ
  • C. psylla ヒメマルゴミグモ
  • C. mulmeinensis トゲゴミグモ
  • C. vallata マルゴミグモ
  • C. sachikoae ミツカドゴミグモ
  • C. alba シロゴミグモ
  • C. algenteoalba ギンメッキゴミグモ
  • C. okumae オオクマギンメッキゴミグモ
  • C. ginnnaga ギンナガゴミグモ
  • C. kumadai クマダギンナガゴミグモ
  • C. sedeculata ヨツデゴミグモ

出典[編集]

  1. ^ Main(1976),p.206
  2. ^ Astri & Leroy(2000),p.63

参考文献[編集]

  • 小野展嗣編著、『日本産クモ類』、(2009)、東海大学出版会
  • 新海栄一、『日本のクモ』,(2006),文一総合出版
  • Barbara York Main:"Spiders The Australoan Naturalist Library", (1976), COLLINS ,Sidney
  • Astri & John Leroy,(2000),"SOIDERWATCH in Southern Africa",Struik Publishers
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ゴミグモ属: Brief Summary ( Japonês )

fornecido por wikipedia 日本語

ゴミグモ属 Cyclosa は、コガネグモ科に属するクモ分類群の一つ。ゴミを網につけてカモフラージュする種が含むことによる名だが、つけないものも多い。種類は多く、区別は難しいものも多い。

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