Comments
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fornecido por eFloras
Dicranum fulvum has dull, blackish green plants, especially evident from the leaves on the basal part of the stems, leaves crisped when dry, broad costae that cover 1/4-1/3 the width of the leaves at base, laminae that are mostly 2-stratose in the distal half of the leaf, and erect, cylindrical capsules that are slightly furrowed when dry. It is sometimes confused with D. fuscescens but that species has keeled leaves in the distal half, with 2-stratose regions restricted to the margins, and horizontal capsules, whereas D. fulvum has subtubulose leaves, with almost entirely 2-stratose laminae above, and erect capsules. When D. fulvum has some of its leaf apices broken off, which is not uncommon, it can be confused with D. viride, which has the majority of its leaf tips absent. The usual occurrence on rock of plants of D. fulvum as opposed to the usual occurrence on bases of tree trunks of D. viride often gives some clue to their identity. Morphologically, the proximal leaf cells of the two differ: D. fulvum has shorter cells, averaging 24-33 µm, compared to the longer cells of D. viride, averaging 33-42 µm.
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Description
(
Inglês
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fornecido por eFloras
Plants medium-sized, 2–5 cm high, soft, brownish green, not shiny, in dense tufts. Stems erect, or ascending, simple or branched, densely foliate above, tomentose below the middle. Leaves in multi-rows, flexuose or crispate when dry, erect-spreading or falcate-secund when moist, narrowly lanceolate, up to 6 mm long, rather abruptly narrowed from an oblong base to a long, setaceous acumen; margins plane and entire below, involute above, serrulate near the apex; costa stout, occupying ca. 1/3 the leaf base width, serrate at back above, excurrent, ending in a long hairpoint; upper cells mostly quadrate, bistratose near the apex, obscure, sometimes papillose on the leaf dorsal surface; basal cells subquadrate to short-rectangular, incrassate, not porose; alar cells quadrate, somewhat inflated, unistratose, extending to the costa, yellowish brown at the margins, hyaline next to the costa. Dioicous. Male plants smaller than the females, not dwarfed. Setae single, slender, straight, yellowish to brownish; capsules erect, symmetric, cylindric, often smooth when dry; opercula long-rostrate, ca. half of the urn length; annuli in 2–3 rows of large cells; peristome teeth lanceolate, divided to the middle or lower, faintly papillose above, faintly papillose-striolate below. Spores green, smooth or minutely papillose.
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Description
(
Inglês
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fornecido por eFloras
Plants in loose tufts, dark green above, blackish green below, dull. Stems 1.5-3.5 cm, sparsely tomentose with light- to reddish brown rhizoids. Leaves erect-spreading, some weakly falcate-secund, crisped when dry, smooth, (3-)4-5(-7) × 0.5-0.8 mm, some leaf tips broken off, concave below, subtubulose above, narrowly lanceolate to a long, narrow subula occupied mainly by the excurrent costa, apex acute; margins serrate to serrulate in distal half; laminae 1- or 2-stratose above, sometimes 2-stratose in patches; costa excurrent, 1/4-1/3 the width of the leaves at base, abaxially toothed or papillose in distal half, abaxial ridges absent, with a row of guide cells, two stereid bands not extending above the leaf middle, adaxial and abaxial epidermal layers of cells somewhat differentiated or with a few cells enlarged in both layers, cell walls between lamina cells strongly bulging in distal part of leaf lamina; leaf cells smooth or abaxially prorate above; alar cells mostly 1-stratose or sometimes with a few 2-stratose cells, distinctly differentiated, often extending to costa; proximal laminal cells elongate-rectangular, not pitted or with few pits, (19-)24-33(-42) × (4)5-6(9) µm; distal laminal cells regularly quadrate to short-rectangular, not pitted, (5-)10-11(-16) × (4)5-6(9) µm. Sexual condition dioicous; male plants as tall as female plants but usually more slender; interior perichaetial leaves abruptly long-acuminate, convolute-sheathing. Seta 1-2 cm., solitary, brown or reddish brown. Capsule 1.5-3 mm, straight and erect, smooth, slightly furrowed when dry, reddish brown; operculum 1.5-2 mm. Spores 14-28 µm.
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Distribution
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Inglês
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fornecido por eFloras
Distribution: China, Korea, Japan, Russia, Europe, and North America.
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Habitat
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Inglês
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fornecido por eFloras
Habitat: on rotten wood or rocks.
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Synonym
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Inglês
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fornecido por eFloras
Orthodicranum fulvum (Hook.) Roth in Casares-Gil. Fl. Iber. Briof., Musg. 176. 1932. Paraleucobryum fulvum (Hook.) Loeske in Podp., Consp. Musc. Eur. 153. 1954.
Dicranum subleiodontium Card., Bull. Herb. Boissier sér. 2, 7: 714. 1907.
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Comprehensive Description
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Inglês
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fornecido por North American Flora
Dicranum fulvum Hook. Musci Exot. pi. 149. 1820
Dicranum inlerruplum B. S. G. Bryol. Eur. (37-40:) Dicranum 30. 1847. Campylopus viridis Sull. & Lesq. Musci Bor.Am. 72. 1856. Dicranum viride Lindb. Hedwigia 2 : 70. 1863. Dicranum subfulvum Ren. & Card. Bot. Gaz. 22: 49. 1896. I Dicranum subsubulifolium Kindb. Rev. Bryol. 37: 13. 1910. i
Dioicous: male plants more slender than the fertile and mingled with them, bearing a number of rather large, scattered flowers, each with 10-12 antheridia about 0.4 mm. high and rather numerous paraphyses: fertile plants in greenish or yellowish-brown, often extensive mats, with tomentose stems up to 5 cm. high : stem-leaves 5-6 mm. long, spreading-flexuous all round, more or less crispate, or falcate-secund, long-lanceolate, gradually narrowed to a grooved point, often broken, mostly slightly serrulate toward the apex and smoothish to papillose on the back, the narrow blade above of a double thickness of cells; costa one third to one fourth the width of the leaf below, excurrent, often slightly serrulate on the back above, in cross-section below showing 14-20 guide-cells with stereid-bands above and below more or less interrupted by larger cells; alar cells brown to hyaline, extending to the costa, more or less auriculate; lower leaf-cells from elongate-rectangular to nearly square, with slightly thickened not pitted walls or rarely slightly pitted just above the alar cells near the costa; upper leaf -cells mostly square, sometimes short-rectangular with walls not pitted; inner perichaetial leaves with a convolute base 3-4 mm. high, abruptly or truncately narrowed with a sinuate or dentate margin to a slender subula, smooth or serrulate above and nearly as long as the basal part: seta solitary , yellow or finally turning reddish, up to 1.5 cm. high: capsule erect, cylindric, up to 3 mm.long, scarcely or not furrowed when dry; exothecal cells except near the mouth mostly elongate, very irregular, with slightly sinuous, unequally thickened walls; annulus of mostly 2 rows of cells; peristome-teeth red dishbrown, divided about one half down or often perforate below and the forks united above, the outer plates vertically or obliquely striate, sometimes nearly smooth; lid conic-subulate, about two thirds the length of the capsule: spores rough, up to 25" n in diameter.
Type locality: Nova Scotia.
Distribution: Nova Scotia to Georgia and westward to Minnesotaand Missouri; also in Europe and Asia.
- citação bibliográfica
- Robert Statham Williams. 1913. (BRYALES); DICRANACEAE, LEUCOBRYACEAE. North American flora. vol 15(2). New York Botanical Garden, New York, NY
Dicranum fulvum
(
Alemão
)
fornecido por wikipedia DE
Dicranum fulvum (Braungelbes Gabelzahnmoos) ist eine Laubmoos-Art aus der Familie Dicranaceae.
Merkmale
Die Art bildet lockere bis mäßig dichte, dunkelgrüne oder gelblich- bis braungrüne Rasen. Die bis 5 Zentimeter großen Pflanzen sind mäßig rhizoidfilzig. Die aufrecht abstehenden bis schwach sichelförmigen Blätter sind lanzettlich und in eine röhrenförmige Pfriemenspitze auslaufend, weit herab gezähnt und brüchig. Die lang austretende Rippe nimmt am Blattgrund etwa ein Drittel der Blattbreite ein; im Querschnitt weist sie zwei Stereidenbänder auf. Blattflügelzellen sind deutlich ausgeprägt. Die Laminazellen sind oben quadratisch bis kurz rechteckig und teils zweischichtig, an der Blattbasis etwas verlängert. Sporophyten werden nur sehr selten gebildet. Die Kapsel auf der gelblichen Seta ist aufrecht, länglich zylindrisch und trocken gefurcht.
Verbreitung und Standortansprüche
Die Verbreitung ist subkontinental-montan. Die europäischen Vorkommen liegen schwerpunktmäßig in Mitteleuropa, hier vor allem in den Mittelgebirgen, in den Alpen und im Alpenvorland; im Flachland kommt die Art nur sehr vereinzelt vor. Auf den Britischen Inseln und auf Island fehlt sie. Außerhalb von Europa gibt es noch Vorkommen in Asien und Nordamerika.
Das kalkmeidende Moos wächst meist auf Silikatgestein, nur selten auf Baumborke. Die Standorte befinden sich gewöhnlich in Wäldern an schattigen bis ziemlich sonnigen, trockenen, aber luftfeuchten Stellen. Oft ist es vergesellschaftet mit Dicranum scoparium, Grimmia hartmanii, Hedwigia ciliata, Hypnum cupressiforme oder Paraleucobryum longifolium.
Literatur
Weblinks
– Sammlung von Bildern, Videos und Audiodateien
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Dicranum fulvum: Brief Summary
(
Alemão
)
fornecido por wikipedia DE
Dicranum fulvum (Braungelbes Gabelzahnmoos) ist eine Laubmoos-Art aus der Familie Dicranaceae.
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- cc-by-sa-3.0
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- Autoren und Herausgeber von Wikipedia
Widłoząb płowy
(
Polonês
)
fornecido por wikipedia POL
Widłoząb płowy (Dicranum fulvum Hook.) - gatunek mchu należący do rodziny widłozębowatych (Dicranaceae).
Rozmieszczenie geograficzne
Występuje w górach Europy Środkowej i Północnej (Skandynawia) oraz w Ameryce Północnej. W Polsce notowany w Masywie Ślęży, w Sudetach oraz na Pomorzu Zachodnim i Wschodnim[3].
Morfologia
Darnie zbite, żółtobrunatne. Mech ortotropowy o łodygach o długości od 2 cm, okrytymi żółtymi chwytnikami. Liście o długości 4 mm, powolnie zwężane, zwinięte w rurkę, w górnej części piłkowane. W dolnej części łodygi liście są mniejsze niż w części górnej. Komórki blaszki liściowej kwadratowe, brodawkowate (w przekroju poprzecznym). Puszka prosta, w stanie suchym podłużnie bruzdowana; wieczko z dzióbkiem[3].
Gatunek ten jest bardzo podobny do widłozębu zielonego (niektórzy traktują widłoząb zielony jako nadrzewną formę widłozębu płowego). Główne różnice: u widłozębu zielonego liście są całobrzegie, komórki blaszki liściowej gładkie lub bardzo słabo brodawkowate; gładka jest także puszka[3].
Ekologia
Występuje na cienistych, bezwapiennych skałach, także na głazach narzutowych.
Ochrona
Gatunek w latach 2004-2014 objęty był w Polsce ścisłą ochroną gatunkową. Od roku 2014 wpisany na listę gatunków roślin objętych ochroną częściową w Polsce na podstawie Rozporządzenia Ministra Środowiska z dnia 9 października 2014 r. w sprawie ochrony gatunkowej roślin[4].
Przypisy
-
↑ B. Goffinet, W.R Buck, A.J. Shaw: Classification: mosses (ang.). University of Connecticut, 2008–. [dostęp 2014-12-07].
-
↑ Dicranum fulvum Hook. (ang.). W: The Plant List [on-line]. [dostęp 2014-12-03].
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↑ a b c Bronisław Szafran: Mchy (Musci). T. I. Warszawa: PWN, 1957, s. 168-169.
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↑ Dz.U. z 2014 r. nr 0, poz. 1409 – Rozporządzenie Ministra Środowiska z dnia 9 października 2014 r. w sprawie ochrony gatunkowej roślin
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Widłoząb płowy: Brief Summary
(
Polonês
)
fornecido por wikipedia POL
Widłoząb płowy (Dicranum fulvum Hook.) - gatunek mchu należący do rodziny widłozębowatych (Dicranaceae).
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Dicranum fulvum
(
Vietnamita
)
fornecido por wikipedia VI
Dicranum fulvum là một loài Rêu trong họ Dicranaceae. Loài này được Hook. mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1819.[1]
Hình ảnh
Chú thích
Liên kết ngoài
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Dicranum fulvum: Brief Summary
(
Vietnamita
)
fornecido por wikipedia VI
Dicranum fulvum là một loài Rêu trong họ Dicranaceae. Loài này được Hook. mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1819.
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