dcsimg

Lifespan, longevity, and ageing

fornecido por AnAge articles
Maximum longevity: 24.1 years (captivity)
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Joao Pedro de Magalhaes
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de Magalhaes, J. P.
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AnAge articles

Behavior ( Inglês )

fornecido por Animal Diversity Web

Communication begins in the egg and continues throughout their entire life. Sound, postures, motions, and touching are few of the many methods of communication in this species. Along with vocal signals, Paleosuchus palpebrosus communicate via nonverbal sounds, performing actions such as head-slapping or jaw-clapping at the water's surface. Like most caimans, P. palpebrosus males emit a grunt-like "chumph" sound by expelling air through the nostrils during courtship. When in water, exposure of the head, back, and tail above the surface conveys important information about an individual's social status and intent.

Communication Channels: visual ; tactile ; acoustic

Perception Channels: visual ; tactile ; acoustic ; chemical

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The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors
citação bibliográfica
Choi, H. 2004. "Paleosuchus palpebrosus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Paleosuchus_palpebrosus.html
autor
Heiry Choi, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
autor
Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
editor
David Armitage, Animal Diversity Web
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
Animal Diversity Web

Sem título ( Inglês )

fornecido por Animal Diversity Web

This species, P. palpebrosus, was first described by the Baron Cuvier in 1807 from Cayenne, French Guiana.

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citação bibliográfica
Choi, H. 2004. "Paleosuchus palpebrosus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Paleosuchus_palpebrosus.html
autor
Heiry Choi, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
autor
Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
editor
David Armitage, Animal Diversity Web
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
Animal Diversity Web

Conservation Status ( Inglês )

fornecido por Animal Diversity Web

Right now, P. palpebrosus is not considered in need of active conservation. The IUCN rates at as Lower Risk, and of Least Concern. However the species is listed in Appendix II of CITES, which regulates international trade in the animals or their parts. The recent removal of larger, dominant crocodilian species (e.g. Caiman crocodilus) may have allowed smaller species like P. palpebrosus to expand into habitats from which it formerly was excluded.

US Federal List: no special status

CITES: appendix ii

IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: lower risk - least concern

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citação bibliográfica
Choi, H. 2004. "Paleosuchus palpebrosus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Paleosuchus_palpebrosus.html
autor
Heiry Choi, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
autor
Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
editor
David Armitage, Animal Diversity Web
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
Animal Diversity Web

Life Cycle ( Inglês )

fornecido por Animal Diversity Web

When hatched, the young have almost the identical features as an adult. The sex of hatchlings is determined by the incubation temperature of the eggs. Differences in size can be used to differentiate the sexes. Growth continues throughout their lifespan. The fastest rate of growth occurs during the first 2 years, then declines with age thereafter. For the first 5 years, P. palpebrosus grow at a rate of 6-8 cm per year. It takes approximately 10 years to for one of these caimans to complete maturity and develop full adult characteristics.

Development - Life Cycle: temperature sex determination

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citação bibliográfica
Choi, H. 2004. "Paleosuchus palpebrosus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Paleosuchus_palpebrosus.html
autor
Heiry Choi, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
autor
Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
editor
David Armitage, Animal Diversity Web
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
Animal Diversity Web

Benefits ( Inglês )

fornecido por Animal Diversity Web

This species has no negative economic affect on humans.

As pets, P. palpebrosus are notoriously hostile and cannot be handled comfortably. Bites from adults are exceedingly painful.

Negative Impacts: injures humans (bites or stings)

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The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors
citação bibliográfica
Choi, H. 2004. "Paleosuchus palpebrosus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Paleosuchus_palpebrosus.html
autor
Heiry Choi, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
autor
Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
editor
David Armitage, Animal Diversity Web
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
Animal Diversity Web

Benefits ( Inglês )

fornecido por Animal Diversity Web

Although the meat of P. palpebrosus is indeed very palatable, these small animals do not produce enough to be considered beneficial. The skin is also traded to a degree. However, alternatives are usually favored over the small and extremely tough hide of this dwarf caiman. Also hunting Cuvier's dwarf caiman is difficult due to their reclusive, solitary nature and their preference for densely forested habitat.

Small crocodilians such as Paleosuchus palpebrosus and Paleosuchus trigonatus are currently popular in the pet trade due to their relatively small and theoretically manageable size.

Positive Impacts: pet trade ; food ; body parts are source of valuable material

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The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors
citação bibliográfica
Choi, H. 2004. "Paleosuchus palpebrosus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Paleosuchus_palpebrosus.html
autor
Heiry Choi, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
autor
Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
editor
David Armitage, Animal Diversity Web
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
Animal Diversity Web

Associations ( Inglês )

fornecido por Animal Diversity Web

Cuvier's dwarf caiman is considered a "keystone species" that maintains ecosystem structure and function by selective predation on fish species (such as piranhas) that if left unchecked, would transform the ecosystem. Although P. palpebrosus is small in size, it is known to have fewer predators than related species because of its uniquely armored and jagged skin.

Ecosystem Impact: keystone species

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citação bibliográfica
Choi, H. 2004. "Paleosuchus palpebrosus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Paleosuchus_palpebrosus.html
autor
Heiry Choi, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
autor
Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
editor
David Armitage, Animal Diversity Web
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
Animal Diversity Web

Trophic Strategy ( Inglês )

fornecido por Animal Diversity Web

P. palpebrosus is a nocturnal hunter, preferring to spend the daylight hours basking. The young feed on aquatic and shoreline insects of many species. Their food includes tadpoles, frogs, snails, crabs, shrimp, and small fish. Adults mainly consume tadpoles, frogs, snails, fish, small mammals, and a wide variety of insects. Diet changes with the size and age of this species. As an adult, there is an increase in the fish intake as well as a greater intake of small crabs, birds, reptiles, and small mammals. Like other crocodilians, P. palpebrosus experiment with their food, so they will capture whatever prey is available. Prey is usually swallowed whole or in large pieces. The stomach enzymes in crocodiles and alligators are so strong that pH levels are among the lowest ever recorded in any vertebrate. Another characteristic of P. palpebrosus is the amount of gastroliths (small stones) inside the stomach. The stones are found only in one chamber of the stomach, the gizzard, and this one chamber has walls with folds to permit expansion and contraction. It is said these gastroliths help in the process of digestion, the stones churn inside the stomach, breaking apart the food.

Animal Foods: birds; mammals; amphibians; reptiles; fish; insects; terrestrial non-insect arthropods; mollusks; terrestrial worms; aquatic crustaceans

Primary Diet: carnivore (Eats terrestrial vertebrates, Piscivore , Insectivore )

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The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors
citação bibliográfica
Choi, H. 2004. "Paleosuchus palpebrosus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Paleosuchus_palpebrosus.html
autor
Heiry Choi, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
autor
Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
editor
David Armitage, Animal Diversity Web
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
Animal Diversity Web

Distribution ( Inglês )

fornecido por Animal Diversity Web

Paleosuchus palpebrosus, Cuvier's dwarf caiman, is most commonly found in the wetlands of Brazil, French Guiana, Surinam, Guyana, and Venezuela. Widespread throughout the Orinoco and Amazon basins, P. palpebrosus inhabit areas extending from Colombia, Venezuela, and the Guianas south to Sao Paulo and the upper Rio Paraguay in southern Brazil and west to the Rio Pastaza in Ecuador.

Biogeographic Regions: neotropical (Native )

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The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors
citação bibliográfica
Choi, H. 2004. "Paleosuchus palpebrosus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Paleosuchus_palpebrosus.html
autor
Heiry Choi, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
autor
Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
editor
David Armitage, Animal Diversity Web
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
Animal Diversity Web

Habitat ( Inglês )

fornecido por Animal Diversity Web

This species can be found near rivers and inundated savanna areas including the Orinoco and Amazon rivers, as well as those in eastern Paraguay. This species prefers clean, clear, fast-moving streams or rivers in forested areas containing waterfalls and rapids. Paleosuchus palpebrosus mostly inhabit fordable freshwater, avoiding salty, briny waters. It likes cooler waters compared to other caimans. Across inhabited areas, P. palpebrosus has been known to occupy streams of varying sizes, where they are spotted resting near the shorelines. This species is also terrestrial, and has been seen relaxing on piles of small rocks and residing near decaying trees. Likewise, P. palpebrosus is known to dwell in burrows, which are up to 1.5-3.5 meters long. Populations in southern Brazil and Venezuela are limited to waters with very low nutrients. P. palpebrosus can be found resting on rocks, or in shallow water with its back exposed on the surface and its head facing the sun. Preferring colder temperatures, they can survive in cool conditions (as low as 6 degrees Celsius).

Habitat Regions: tropical ; terrestrial ; freshwater

Terrestrial Biomes: savanna or grassland ; forest ; rainforest

Aquatic Biomes: lakes and ponds; rivers and streams

Wetlands: marsh ; swamp

Other Habitat Features: riparian

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cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
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The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors
citação bibliográfica
Choi, H. 2004. "Paleosuchus palpebrosus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Paleosuchus_palpebrosus.html
autor
Heiry Choi, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
autor
Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
editor
David Armitage, Animal Diversity Web
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
Animal Diversity Web

Life Expectancy ( Inglês )

fornecido por Animal Diversity Web

The crocodilians are known to have long lifespans. Although P. palpebrosus adults are long lived, the exact longevity is not known. Generally, the adults have been known to live for 20-40 or more years. In captivity this species has a better longevity than of wild individuals.

Typical lifespan
Status: wild:
20 to 40 years.

Typical lifespan
Status: captivity:
20 to 60 years.

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cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors
citação bibliográfica
Choi, H. 2004. "Paleosuchus palpebrosus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Paleosuchus_palpebrosus.html
autor
Heiry Choi, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
autor
Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
editor
David Armitage, Animal Diversity Web
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
Animal Diversity Web

Morphology ( Inglês )

fornecido por Animal Diversity Web

This species is the smallest of the alligator family. Males grow to about 1.3-1.5 meters, while the females grow to 1.2 meters. They can reach a mass of about 6-7 kg.

Paleosuchus palpebrosus retain a reddish-brown body color. The dorsal surface is mostly plain and nearly black, while the upper and bottom jaws are covered with several dark and light spots. The tail is marked with encircling bands to the tip. Most of these caimans have brown eyes, but some have also been known to have gold-yellow eyes. P. palpebrosus do not have the same dental formula as other caimans. Most caimans have 5 premaxillary teeth in the upper jaw, but this species only has 4. Scale characteristics allow the differentiations between all other species. P. palpebrosus has 17-20 longitudinal rows on their dorsal and its tail (double crest) has bands of 7-9 rows. Paleosuchus palpebrosus has more osteoderms (bony plates) covering its skin than any other species.

Range mass: 6 to 7 kg.

Range length: 1.2 to 1.5 m.

Other Physical Features: ectothermic ; heterothermic ; bilateral symmetry

Sexual Dimorphism: male larger

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cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
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The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors
citação bibliográfica
Choi, H. 2004. "Paleosuchus palpebrosus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Paleosuchus_palpebrosus.html
autor
Heiry Choi, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
autor
Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
editor
David Armitage, Animal Diversity Web
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
Animal Diversity Web

Associations ( Inglês )

fornecido por Animal Diversity Web

The most dangerous time in a caiman's life is while it is still in the egg. Without protection, predators such as rats, procyonids, and other carnivores can hastily clean a nest of eggs. If the eggs hatch, the young are still at a high risk of predation. The young are taken primarily by wading birds, snakes, and a host of other carnivorous animals. Due to the large number of bony osteoderms underneath the scales, many predators are not able to swallow this species. The only predators of adult P. palpebrosus are large boas, green anacondas, and jaguars.

Known Predators:

  • large rats (Muridae)
  • procyonids (Procyonidae)
  • opossums (Didelphidae)
  • birds of prey (Falconiformes)
  • other caimans (Caiman)
  • snakes (Serpentes)
  • herons (Ardeidae)
  • green anacondas (Eunectes murinus)
  • large boa constrictors (Boa constrictor)
  • jaguars (Panthera onca)
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cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
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The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors
citação bibliográfica
Choi, H. 2004. "Paleosuchus palpebrosus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Paleosuchus_palpebrosus.html
autor
Heiry Choi, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
autor
Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
editor
David Armitage, Animal Diversity Web
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
Animal Diversity Web

Reproduction ( Inglês )

fornecido por Animal Diversity Web

Courtship and copulation take place at the end of the dry season. At this time, the males, are seen to lift their heads high and hold their tails almost vertically out of the water. The males release what is described to be a "roar"-like sound. The description of the "roaring" varies, and it commonly heard as simply a grunt-like call. The varying sounds and noises indicate the actual complexity of mating rituals within this species. The male, which mates with multiple females, performs distinctive mating displays, then approaches any receptive female. Rather than during the day, P. palpebrosus prefer to mate during the night. Normally in shallow waters, copulation takes place with the female mounting the male and twisting her tail under his. The actual mating process can last anywhere between 5-10 minutes or even up to a whole day. It can also occur repeatedly over several days, after which both male and female settle in the water for a period. Most females are only able to breed once a year, but on the other hand, if bred in captivity and fed efficiently, the females are able to breed 2 or 3 times a year.

Mating System: polygynous

This species is reported to nest during the dry season, during the wet season, or all year round, depending on the locality. More specifically, studies show P. palpebrosus prefer to nest at the end of the dry season and the beginning of the rainy season in areas with warm climates. When ready to start nesting, the females stop feeding and begin the mating process. The females can lay around 10-25 eggs. Both female and male P. palpebrosus build nests for their eggs. These nests are made of soil, usually mud, blended with fresh and rotten leaves, small branches, and other vegetation. Like other caimans, this species is a mound-nester where the females lay their eggs and bury them underneath the mound. These nests are generally small in diameter and height. These eggs are white, long, and weigh anywhere from 61-70 grams. The eggs hatch after 90 days. The female opens the nest in response to vocalizations of the young from within the nests. After the young hatch from their eggs, they continue to stay beneath the debris of the nest for several days, staying away from the water. It is said that the adults open the nest and direct their young toward the water, but studies do show the lack of parental care. The general behavior of adult males are to leave once after the female lays her eggs. Males do not regularly stay near the females during the hatching or post-hatching period. Sexual maturity is dependent on size, and relates to age as it correlates with growth. When a male reaches a size of 1.1 meters, it has become sexually mature and the females are ready to breed when they are about 1 meter in length. For P. palpebrosus to become completely sexually mature, it could take more than 10 years.

Breeding interval: Paleosuchus palpebrosus usually breed once a year. In captivity, however, when a female is well-fed, she can breed 2 or 3 times a year.

Breeding season: Nesting takes place at the end of the dry season and the beginning of the rainy season in warmer climates.

Range number of offspring: 10 to 25.

Range gestation period: 4 to 5 months.

Range age at sexual or reproductive maturity (female): 8 to 15 years.

Range age at sexual or reproductive maturity (male): 8 to 15 years.

Key Reproductive Features: iteroparous ; seasonal breeding ; gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual ; fertilization ; oviparous

The degree of parental care after hatching varies with local conditions. The nest is made by both parents. Studies show that the females remain with the hatchling group for only a few weeks before the hatchlings disperse. Then, the young are left alone and the mother leaves. The female rarely returns to her nesting site to search for her young, but can recognize them by smell. The nesting period is very dangerous for the young. Many predators lurk around nests to snatch eggs for food. In response, the female and male parents become defensive and take whatever action is necessary to guard their eggs. The female is always alert and remains near the nest during this period and will react to the slightest movement. Males do not regularly stay near the female during the hatching or post-hatching period. Furthermore, captive caimans are much more aggressive during their nesting period. The female can become very hostile and charge from the water at any sudden movement near the nest. She remains by the eggs for long periods, even without an apparent threat. Other defensive behaviors are tail slapping and splashing water by snapping their jaws. Sometimes, P. palpebrosus hatchlings are found alone or in pairs without any parental protection at all.

Parental Investment: pre-fertilization (Provisioning); pre-hatching/birth (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Male, Female); pre-weaning/fledging (Protecting: Female); pre-independence (Protecting: Female)

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cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors
citação bibliográfica
Choi, H. 2004. "Paleosuchus palpebrosus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Paleosuchus_palpebrosus.html
autor
Heiry Choi, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
autor
Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
editor
David Armitage, Animal Diversity Web
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
Animal Diversity Web

Distribution ( Inglês )

fornecido por ReptileDB
Continent: South-America
Distribution: Bolivia, Brazil (Goias etc.), Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, NE Paraguay, Peru, Surinam, Venezuela.
Type locality: "Cayenne," French Guiana.
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Peter Uetz
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ReptileDB

Kaiman korr ( Bretã )

fornecido por wikipedia BR

Ar c'haiman korr (Paleosuchus palpebrosus) a zo ur stlejvil hag a vev e Suamerika.

 src=
Tiriad ar c'haiman korr
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Wikipedia authors and editors
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Kajmánek trpasličí ( Checo )

fornecido por wikipedia CZ

Kajmánek trpasličí (Paleosuchus palpebrosus, česky také kajman hladkočelý, kajman malý, kajman oboční, kajman trpasličí) je jeden z nejmenších druhů krokodýlů. V ČR jej chová Zoo Brno.

Charakteristika druhu

Délka těla dosahuje 130–170 cm u samců a 120–140 cm u samic, váží přibližně 6-10 kg. Dožívá se až 40 let. Mláďata loví vodní měkkýše a hmyz, dospělci loví plazy, ptáky a savce; hlavním zdrojem potravy ale zůstávají ryby.

Vyskytuje se ve většině států Jižní Ameriky (Bolívie, Brazílie, Ekvádor, Francouzská Guyana, Guyana, Kolumbie, Paraguay, Peru, Surinam, Venezuela). Žije v říčních lesích, zaplavených lesích u jezer a poblíž rychlých toků řek a potoků. Pro svou malou velikost a výskyt (žijí na velkém a poměrně nepřístupném areálu) nejsou kajmánci trpasličí v porovnání s jinými příbuznými druhy natolik ohrožení lovem. Ve volné přírodě žije přes 10 milionů exemplářů.

Odkazy

Reference

V tomto článku byl použit překlad textu z článku Cuvier's dwarf caiman na anglické Wikipedii.

  1. Červený seznam IUCN 2018.1. 5. července 2018. Dostupné online. [cit. 2018-08-10]

Externí odkazy

Pahýl
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Pomozte Wikipedii tím, že jej vhodně rozšíříte. Nevkládejte však bez oprávnění cizí texty.
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Wikipedia autoři a editory
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Kajmánek trpasličí: Brief Summary ( Checo )

fornecido por wikipedia CZ

Kajmánek trpasličí (Paleosuchus palpebrosus, česky také kajman hladkočelý, kajman malý, kajman oboční, kajman trpasličí) je jeden z nejmenších druhů krokodýlů. V ČR jej chová Zoo Brno.

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Wikipedia autoři a editory
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wikipedia CZ

Brauen-Glattstirnkaiman ( Alemão )

fornecido por wikipedia DE

Der Brauen-Glattstirnkaiman (Paleosuchus palpebrosus) ist ein Vertreter aus der Familie der Alligatoren.

Merkmale

 src=
Jungtiere

Der Brauen-Glattstirnkaiman erreicht eine maximale Körperlänge von etwa 1,50 Metern bei den Männchen und etwa 1,20 Metern bei den Weibchen. Er ist damit wie der einzige weitere Vertreter der Glattstirnkaimane (Gattung Paleosuchus), der Keilkopf-Glattstirnkaiman (Paleosuchus trigonatus), ein sehr kleines Krokodil. Die Schnauze ist im Gegensatz zu seinem Verwandten sehr kurz, und die Tiere besitzen einen hohen, fast hundeartigen Schädel. Weitere Merkmale der Glattstirnkaimane sind die braunen Augen sowie das Fehlen eines knöchernen Grates zwischen den Augen, daher der Name der Gruppe. Insgesamt sind der Körper und auch der Schwanz stark verknöchert.

Verbreitung

Der Brauen-Glattstirnkaiman lebt in den dichten Regenwäldern des Amazonas- und des Orinokobeckens sowie des Rio São Francisco, des Paraná und des Río Paraguay. Sein Lebensraum sind überflutete Waldflächen im Bereich größerer Seen sowie deren unterholzreiche Ufer. Außerdem leben sie im Galeriewald der Flüsse am Rande des Regenwaldes, dringen jedoch nicht in die Llanos und das Pantanal vor.

 src=
Verbreitung

Lebensweise

Brauen-Glattstirnkaimane bauen Hügelnester aus Erde und Pflanzenmaterial, die sie im Unterholz verstecken. Über ihr Brutverhalten ist nicht wesentlich mehr bekannt.

Die Jungtiere und die Erwachsene ernähren sich wahrscheinlich im Freiland vor allem von Insekten und Fischen sowie anderen kleinen Wirbeltieren.

Literatur

  • Joachim Brock: Krokodile – Ein Leben mit Panzerechsen, Natur und Tier Verlag Münster 1998
  • Charles A. Ross (Hrsg.): Krokodile und Alligatoren – Entwicklung, Biologie und Verbreitung, Orbis Verlag Niedernhausen 2002

Weblinks

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Brauen-Glattstirnkaiman: Brief Summary ( Alemão )

fornecido por wikipedia DE

Der Brauen-Glattstirnkaiman (Paleosuchus palpebrosus) ist ein Vertreter aus der Familie der Alligatoren.

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Truynu lagartu ( Quíchua )

fornecido por wikipedia emerging languages

Truynu lagartu (trueno lagarto),[2] "Tulun lagartu" (Paleosuchus palpebrosus) nisqaqa huk uchuylla lagartum, Awya Yalapi sach'a-sach'akunapi mayukunapi kawsaq, 1,60 mitrukama wiñaq.

Hawa t'inkikuna

Pukyukuna

  1. Crocodile Specialist Group (1996). «Truynu lagartu». Chikichasqa Rikch'aq Puka Sutisuyu, UICN nisqap kamachisqan 2014.3. 25 de febrero de 2015 p'unchawpi rikusqa.
  2. Comisión Ambiental Regional de Loreto: Estrategia regional de la diversidad biológica de Loreto. IX. Anexos, p. 137. Iquitos 2006. Paleosuchus palpebrosus: Trueno lagarto, dirin dirin.
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Truynu lagartu: Brief Summary ( Quíchua )

fornecido por wikipedia emerging languages

Truynu lagartu (trueno lagarto), "Tulun lagartu" (Paleosuchus palpebrosus) nisqaqa huk uchuylla lagartum, Awya Yalapi sach'a-sach'akunapi mayukunapi kawsaq, 1,60 mitrukama wiñaq.

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Cuvier's dwarf caiman ( Inglês )

fornecido por wikipedia EN

Cuvier's dwarf caiman (Paleosuchus palpebrosus) is a small crocodilian in the alligator family from northern and central South America. It is found in Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad and Venezuela. It lives in riverine forests, flooded forests near lakes, and near fast-flowing rivers and streams. It can traverse dry land to reach temporary pools and tolerates colder water than other species of caimans. Other common names for this species include the musky caiman, the dwarf caiman, Cuvier's caiman, and the smooth-fronted caiman (the latter name is also used for P. trigonatus). It is sometimes kept in captivity as a pet and may be referred to as the wedge-head caiman by the pet trade community.

Cuvier's dwarf caiman was first described by the French zoologist Georges Cuvier in 1807 and is one of only two species in the genus Paleosuchus, the other species being P. trigonatus. Their closest relatives are the other caimans in the subfamily Caimaninae. With a total length averaging 1.4 m (4.6 ft) for males and up to 1.2 m (3.9 ft) for females, Cuvier's dwarf caiman is not only the smallest extant species in the alligator and caiman family, but also the smallest of all crocodilians. An adult weighs around 5 to 7 kg (11 to 15 lb). Its lack of size is partly made up for by its strong body armor, provided by the bony bases to its dermal scales, which provides protection against predators. Juvenile dwarf caimans mainly feed on invertebrates, but also small fish and frogs, while adults eat larger fish, amphibians, and invertebrates, such as large molluscs. This caiman sometimes uses a burrow as shelter during the day and in the Pantanal may aestivate in the burrow to stay cool in the dry season. The female buries her eggs on a mounded nest and these take about 3 months to hatch. She helps the hatchlings to escape from the nest and provides some parental care for the first few weeks of their lives. This caiman has a wide range and large total population and the IUCN lists its conservation status as being of least concern.

Etymology and taxonomy

Caimaninae

Paleosuchus trigonatus

Paleosuchus palpebrosus

Purussaurus brasiliensis

Purussaurus mirandai

Purussaurus neivensis

Orthogenysuchus olseni

Mourasuchus nativus

Mourasuchus arendsi

Mourasuchus amazonensis

Mourasuchus atopus

Caiman niteroiensis

Caiman brevirostres

Caiman yacare

Caiman crocodilus

Caiman latirostris

Melanosuchus fischeri

Melanosuchus niger

Phylogenetic relations of Paleosuchus palpebrosus within Caimaninae[5]

Cuvier's dwarf caiman was first described by Cuvier in 1807 as Crocodylus palpebrosus from a type locality described as "Cayenne". Since then, it has been given a number of names by different authorities: Crocodilus (Alligator) palpebrosus (Merrem, 1820), Jacaretinga moschifer (Spix, 1825), Champsa palpebrosa (Wagler, 1830), Alligator palpebrosus (Dumeril and Bibron, 1836), Champsa gibbiceps (Natterer, 1841), Caiman palpebrosus (Gray, 1844), Caiman (Aromosuchus) palpebrosus (Gray, 1862), and Jacaretinga palpebrosus (Vaillant, 1898). Muller, in 1924, and Schmidt, in 1928, were the first to use the currently accepted name of Paleosuchus palpebrosus. No subspecies are recognised.[6]

A genetic study in 2012 found clear differences between various populations of Cuvier's dwarf caiman (Pantanal; Madeira River basin; Rio Negro basin), and these are apparently isolated from each other,[7] leading to the suggestion that it may be a cryptic species complex.[8]

At present, the genus Paleosuchus contains only two members, Paleosuchus trigonatus, commonly known as the smooth-fronted or Schneider's dwarf caiman, and P. palpebrosus, both from South America. Paleosuchus is distinguished from other caimans in the alligator subfamily Caimaninae by the absence of an interorbital ridge and the presence of four teeth in the premaxilla region of the jaw, where other species of caimans have five.[6] The genus name Paleosuchus is derived from the Greek palaios meaning "ancient" and soukhos meaning "crocodile". This refers to the belief that this crocodile comes from an ancient lineage that diverged from other species of caimans some 30 million years ago. The specific name palpebrosus is derived from the Latin palpebra meaning "eyelid" and osus meaning "full of". This refers to the bony plates (palpebrals) present on the upper eyelids.[6]

Common names include the musky caiman, the dwarf caiman, Cuvier's caiman, and the smooth-fronted caiman,[9] although the last of these is also used to refer to the closely related P. trigonatus. In the pet trade, it is sometimes referred to as the wedge-head caiman.[10]

Description

Cuvier's dwarf caiman is the smallest living New World crocodilian. Males grow to a maximum length around 1.6 m (5.2 ft) while females do not usually exceed 1.2 m (3 ft 11 in).[6] The largest specimen on record measured 1.73 m (5.7 ft) in length.[11] This may be an underestimate of the animal's maximum size, as nearly all large adults have lost the tips of their tails and the largest specimen measured in the Pantanal region had a snout–vent length of 1.125 m (4 ft) (equivalent to a total length of 2.1 m (6.9 ft) with an intact tail).[12] An adult typically weighs around 6 or 7 kg (13 or 15 lb), around the same weight as a 6- to 12-month-old specimen of several larger species of crocodilians.[13] Large adults of this species can weigh up to 37 kg (82 lb).[14] Cuvier's dwarf caiman has strong body armor on both its dorsal (upper) and ventral (lower) sides, which may compensate for its small body size in reducing predation. The dermal scales providing this protection have a bony base and are known as osteoderms.[6][15]

The head has an unusual shape for a crocodilian, with a dome-shaped skull and a short, smooth, concave snout with an upturned tip, the shape rather resembling the head of a dog. The upper jaw extends markedly further forward than the lower jaw. Four premaxillary and 14 to 15 maxillary teeth are on either side of the upper jaw and 21 or 22 teeth on each side of the lower jaw, giving a total of about 80 teeth. The neck is relatively slender and the dorsal scutes are less prominent than in the smooth-fronted caiman. The double rows of scutes on the tail are small and project vertically. Adults are dark brownish-black with a dark brown head, while juveniles are brown with black bands. The irises of the eyes are chestnut brown at all ages and the pupils are vertical slits.[6][15]

A full-body image of Cuvier's dwarf caiman to demonstrate scale arrangement
Scale arrangement is useful for identifying Cuvier's dwarf caiman.

The scutellation (arrangement of the scales) helps to distinguish Cuvier's dwarf caiman from Schneider's dwarf caiman.[6]

Distribution and habitat

Cuvier's dwarf caiman is native to tropical northern and central South America. It is present in the drainages of the Orinoco River, the São Francisco River, and the Amazon River, and the upper reaches of the Paraná River and the Paraguay River.[15] The countries in which it is found include Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, Brazil, Bolivia, Trinidad and Paraguay. The range of this species is rather larger than that of the sympatric smooth-fronted caiman, as it extends into Paraguay and includes a larger area of Brazil.[6]

Cuvier's dwarf caiman is a freshwater species and is found in forested riverine habitats and areas of flooded forest around lakes. It seems to prefer rivers and streams with fast-flowing water, but it is also found in quiet, nutrient-poor waters in Venezuela and southeastern Brazil. It is able to travel quite large distances overland at night and subadult individuals have sometimes been found in isolated, temporary pools. In the northern and southern parts of its range, it is also found in gallery forests in savanna country, but it is absent from such habitats in the Llanos and the Pantanal. Cuvier's dwarf caiman seems relatively tolerant of cool water compared to other species of caimans. During the day, individuals sometimes lie up in burrows[6][15] but at other times rest on piles of rocks or sun themselves while lying, facing the sun, in shallow water with their backs exposed.[16]

Behaviour and ecology

These caimans are mainly nocturnal. Adults feed on fish, amphibians, small mammals, birds, crabs, shrimp, molluscs, insects,[16] and other invertebrates, which they catch in the water or on land. Juveniles eat fewer fish, but also consume crustaceans, tadpoles, frogs, and snails, as well as land invertebrates, such as beetles.[6] The prey is mostly swallowed whole and is ground up by stones in the gizzard.[16] In the Pantanal, Cuvier's dwarf caiman estivates in burrows during the dry season and is able to maintain its temperature around 22 °C (72 °F) for days at a time.

Juveniles at the Cologne Zoological Garden

Adult Cuvier's dwarf caimans are usually found singly or in pairs. The breeding of this species has been little studied, but it does not appear to be seasonal in nature. The female builds a mound nest out of vegetation and mud somewhere in a concealed location and lays a clutch of 10 to 25 eggs, hiding them under further vegetation. The incubation period is around 90 days and the sex of the hatchlings depends on the temperature of the nest during that time. When the eggs begin to hatch, the female opens the nest in response to the calls made by the young. Newly emerged juveniles have a coating of mucus and may delay entering the water for a few days until this has dried. Its continuing presence on their skin is believed to reduce algal growth. The female stays with the young for a few weeks, after which time the hatchlings disperse. The young grow at a rate around 8 to 10 cm (3 to 4 in) per year and reach sexual maturity around 8 years old.[6][16]

Cuvier's dwarf caiman is considered to be a keystone species whose presence in the ecosystem maintains a healthy balance of organisms. In its absence, fish, such as piranhas, might dominate the environment. The eggs and newly hatched young are most at risk and are preyed on by birds, snakes, rats, raccoons, and other mammals. Adults are protected by the bony osteoderms under the scales and their main predators are jaguars, green anacondas (Eunectes murinus), and large boa constrictors (Boa constrictor).[16]

The Cuvier's dwarf caiman is the only crocodilian species that seemingly does not perform the near-universal "death roll" technique used by other extant crocodilians for feeding or intra-specific combat. However, this may only be circumstantial, as specimens tested for the behavior may have been acting uncooperative with the researchers.[17]

Status and conservation

Many crocodilians are hunted for their skins, but this is not the case with the Cuvier's dwarf caiman. This may be because the ventral skin in this species is too heavily armored to make it easy to tan. Some individuals are killed by indigenous peoples for food, and others, particularly in Guyana, are collected for the pet trade; but no evidence shows that populations are dwindling as a result.[6] Some threats to this species are from habitat destruction, including the mining of gold, but these are not thought to be of great significance. The estimated total population is over a million individuals.[6]

In its Red List of Threatened Species, the IUCN lists Cuvier's dwarf caiman as being of least concern, which is because its range is extensive, covering much of northern and central South America, and although its population trend is unknown, it appears to be abundant in many of the localities in which it is found.[2] It is listed in Appendix II of CITES.[3]

Captive care

Cuvier's dwarf caiman can be kept as a pet, though providing suitable care is expensive and requires extremely large enclosures. In many countries, permits or licenses are necessary and most veterinarians have little experience with these exotic animals.[18]

See also

References

  1. ^ Rio, Jonathan P.; Mannion, Philip D. (6 September 2021). "Phylogenetic analysis of a new morphological dataset elucidates the evolutionary history of Crocodylia and resolves the long-standing gharial problem". PeerJ. 9: e12094. doi:10.7717/peerj.12094. PMC 8428266. PMID 34567843.
  2. ^ a b Magnusson, W.E.; Campos, Z.; Muniz, F. (2019). "Paleosuchus palpebrosus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T46587A3009946. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-1.RLTS.T46587A3009946.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  3. ^ a b "Appendices | CITES". cites.org. Retrieved 2022-01-14.
  4. ^ Uetz, Peter; Hallermann, Jakob. "Paleosuchus palpebrosus (Cuvier, 1807)". Reptile Database. Retrieved 2014-06-17.
  5. ^ Bona, P.; Degrange, F. J.; Fernández, M. S. (2013). "Skull Anatomy of the Bizarre Crocodylian Mourasuchus nativus(Alligatoridae, Caimaninae)". The Anatomical Record. 296 (2): 227–39. doi:10.1002/ar.22625. PMID 23193096. S2CID 32793915.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Britton, Adam (2009-01-01). "Paleosuchus palpebrosus (Cuvier, 1807)". Crocodilian species list. Retrieved 2013-10-28.
  7. ^ Muniz, F.L. (2012), Filogeografia e genética de populações de jacaré-paguá (Paleosuchus palpebrosus) ao longo do rio Madeira e bacia do rio Paraguai (Pantanal), National Institute of Amazonian Research / Federal University of Amazonas
  8. ^ Muniz; Bittencourt; Farias & Campos (2015). "New records on the occurrence of Paleosuchus in the Branco River Basin, Roraima state, Brazil". Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter. 34 (4): 8–11.
  9. ^ "Cuviers dwarf caiman care sheet". Reptile forums UK. 2009-09-28. Retrieved 2014-06-11.
  10. ^ "Baby wedgehead caiman". Underground Reptiles. Retrieved 2014-06-11.
  11. ^ Britton, Adam. "Paleosuchus". Crocodilians: Natural History & Conservation. Crocodilian.com. Retrieved 2014-06-11.
  12. ^ Campos, Zilca; Sanaiotti, Tânia; Magnusson, William E. (2010). "Maximum size of dwarf caiman, Paleosuchus palpebrosus (Cuvier, 1807), in the Amazon and habitats surrounding the Pantanal, Brazil". Amphibia-Reptilia. 31 (3): 439–442. doi:10.1163/156853810791769392.
  13. ^ Cuvier's Dwarf Caiman, The Animal Files
  14. ^ Sanaiotti, Tânia; Magnusson, William; Campos, Zilca (1 January 2010). "Maximum size of dwarf caiman, Paleosuchus palpebrosus (Cuvier, 1807), in the Amazon and habitats surrounding the Pantanal, Brazil". Amphibia-Reptilia. 31 (3): 439–442. doi:10.1163/156853810791769392. ISSN 1568-5381.
  15. ^ a b c d Ross, Charles A., ed. (1992). Crocodiles and Alligators. Blitz. pp. 62, 119. ISBN 9781853910920.
  16. ^ a b c d e Choi, H. (2004). "Paleosuchus palpebrosus: Dwarf caiman, Cuvier's smooth-fronted caiman". Animal Diversity Web. Retrieved 2014-06-11.
  17. ^ Infamous 'death roll' almost universal among crocodile species 2019-04-18 ScienceDaily
  18. ^ Britton, Adam. "Captive care". Crocodilian.com. Retrieved 2014-06-11.

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Cuvier's dwarf caiman: Brief Summary ( Inglês )

fornecido por wikipedia EN

Cuvier's dwarf caiman (Paleosuchus palpebrosus) is a small crocodilian in the alligator family from northern and central South America. It is found in Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad and Venezuela. It lives in riverine forests, flooded forests near lakes, and near fast-flowing rivers and streams. It can traverse dry land to reach temporary pools and tolerates colder water than other species of caimans. Other common names for this species include the musky caiman, the dwarf caiman, Cuvier's caiman, and the smooth-fronted caiman (the latter name is also used for P. trigonatus). It is sometimes kept in captivity as a pet and may be referred to as the wedge-head caiman by the pet trade community.

Cuvier's dwarf caiman was first described by the French zoologist Georges Cuvier in 1807 and is one of only two species in the genus Paleosuchus, the other species being P. trigonatus. Their closest relatives are the other caimans in the subfamily Caimaninae. With a total length averaging 1.4 m (4.6 ft) for males and up to 1.2 m (3.9 ft) for females, Cuvier's dwarf caiman is not only the smallest extant species in the alligator and caiman family, but also the smallest of all crocodilians. An adult weighs around 5 to 7 kg (11 to 15 lb). Its lack of size is partly made up for by its strong body armor, provided by the bony bases to its dermal scales, which provides protection against predators. Juvenile dwarf caimans mainly feed on invertebrates, but also small fish and frogs, while adults eat larger fish, amphibians, and invertebrates, such as large molluscs. This caiman sometimes uses a burrow as shelter during the day and in the Pantanal may aestivate in the burrow to stay cool in the dry season. The female buries her eggs on a mounded nest and these take about 3 months to hatch. She helps the hatchlings to escape from the nest and provides some parental care for the first few weeks of their lives. This caiman has a wide range and large total population and the IUCN lists its conservation status as being of least concern.

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Paleosuchus palpebrosus ( Espanhol; Castelhano )

fornecido por wikipedia ES

El caimán de Cuvier (Paleosuchus palpebrosus), también llamado yacaré itá o yacaré enano o caimán enano, es una especie de pequeño caimán sudamericano presente en varios países: Bolivia, Brasil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Paraguay, Perú, Surinam y Venezuela.
Los machos alcanzan 1,6 metros de longitud en su edad adulta y las hembras 1,2 metros. Son la especie de cocodrilo más pequeña del mundo. Es una de las especies del orden crocodilia menos amenazada cuyas poblaciones se mantienen estables.

Por lo general este tipo de caimán muestra preferencia por cursos de agua con corriente y más aún por aquellos donde la vegetación provea de sombra. En estos lugares las hembras colocan sus nidos, fabricados por ellas son hechos de hojas secas. La puesta usual consta de 5 a 9 huevos.

Referencias

  1. Crocodile Specialist Group (1996). «Paleosuchus palpebrosus». Lista Roja de especies amenazadas de la UICN 2014.3 (en inglés). ISSN 2307-8235. Consultado el 25 de febrero de 2015.

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Paleosuchus palpebrosus: Brief Summary ( Espanhol; Castelhano )

fornecido por wikipedia ES

El caimán de Cuvier (Paleosuchus palpebrosus), también llamado yacaré itá o yacaré enano o caimán enano, es una especie de pequeño caimán sudamericano presente en varios países: Bolivia, Brasil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Paraguay, Perú, Surinam y Venezuela.
Los machos alcanzan 1,6 metros de longitud en su edad adulta y las hembras 1,2 metros. Son la especie de cocodrilo más pequeña del mundo. Es una de las especies del orden crocodilia menos amenazada cuyas poblaciones se mantienen estables.

Por lo general este tipo de caimán muestra preferencia por cursos de agua con corriente y más aún por aquellos donde la vegetación provea de sombra. En estos lugares las hembras colocan sus nidos, fabricados por ellas son hechos de hojas secas. La puesta usual consta de 5 a 9 huevos.

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Paleosuchus palpebrosus ( Basco )

fornecido por wikipedia EU
(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
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Paleosuchus palpebrosus: Brief Summary ( Basco )

fornecido por wikipedia EU

Paleosuchus palpebrosus Paleosuchus generoko animalia da. Narrastien barruko Alligatoridae familian sailkatuta dago.

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Kääpiökaimaani ( Finlandês )

fornecido por wikipedia FI

Kääpiökaimaani (Paleosuchus palpebrosus) on Etelä-Amerikassa luonnonvaraisena elävä alligaattorilaji. Se kasvaa vain runsaan metrin pituiseksi ja on täten maailman pienin krokotiilieläin. Lajin kuvasi ranskalainen eläintieteilijä Georges Cuvier vuonna 1807.

Koko ja ulkonäkö

Kääpiökaimaaniuros kasvaa vain 1,3–1,6-metriseksi ja naaras 1,2 metriä pitkäksi. Täysikasvuiset yksilöt painavat noin 6–7 kilogrammaa. Lajin väritys on selkäpuolelta nuorena suklaanruskea ja vanhana usein myös musta. Vatsapuoli on vaalea. Musta väri tekee kääpiökaimaanin valkoisista hampaista erityisen huomiota herättävät. Silmät ovat yleensä harmaat, joskus kullankeltaiset. Kääpiökaimaanin hammasjärjestys on erilainen kuin muilla kaimaaneilla. Yläleuan päässä on neljä hammasta, kun muilla lajeilla on yksi enemmän. Hampaita on yhteensä 78–82. Myös nahan kuviointi on erilainen. Kääpiökaimaanilla kulkee selkäpuolella 17–20 pitkittäisriviä, kun kaikilla muilla lajeilla niitä on vain 7–9. Nahka on myös luisevampi kuin muilla lahkon lajeilla. Lajin pää on lyhyt, sileä ja kovera.

Levinneisyys ja elinympäristö

Kääpiökaimaani elää luonnonvaraisena Etelä-Amerikassa. Lajia esiintyy Boliviassa, Brasiliassa, Kolumbiassa, Ecuadorissa, Ranskan Guyanassa, Guyanassa, Paraguayssa, Perussa ja Surinamessa. Levinneisyysalue ulottuu pohjoisessa Orinoco-jokeen, etelässä Etelä-Brasiliaan, lännessä Andeihin ja idässä Atlanttiin.

Kääpiökaimaani viihtyy parhaiten puhtaissa, kirkkaissa ja nopeasti virtaavissa joissa, myös koskissa ja putoksissa. Laji ei kuitenkaan ole nirso elinalueensa suhteen ja sitä tavataan hyvin erilaisista ympäristöistä. Kääpiökaimaani pitää kylmemmästä vedestä kuin muut kaimaanit. Sitä tavataan myös vuorovesivyöhykkeellä, tulva-alueilla ja jopa muutaman metrin levyisissä pienissä lammissa.

Laji on varsin runsaslukuinen, koska sen nahalle on vain vähän käyttöä eikä se ole vaarallinen ihmisille. Kannan kooksi arvioidaan yli miljoona yksilöä.

Elintavat

Kääpiökaimaani viettää päivän pääosin makoilemalla rannalla, mutta se on silti varsin sosiaalinen laji. Kääpiökaimaani lähettää lajitovereilleen viestejä hajun, äänen ja liikkeiden avulla. Kääpiökaimaani liikkuu yleensä kuitenkin yksin tai pareittain. Ne vaeltavat kuitenkin usein suurempina joukkoina. Kääpiökaimaanien hierarkiassa yleensä koko ja aggressiivisuus ratkaisevat. Hallitsevat yksilöt saavat parhaat elinalueet, lisääntymispaikat ja ruokailualueet. Asemaansa ne puolustavat yleensä vain erilaisten eleiden avulla. Fyysistä kontaktia tarvitaan vain harvoin. Jos niin kuitenkin käy, ne yrittävät aluksi saada itsensä lajitoverin silmissä isommaksi ja sähisevät toisilleen. Sen jälkeen ne painivat keskenään, jolloin koko yleensä ratkaisee eikä niiden tarvitse käyttää hampaitaan. Uroskääpiökaimaanit ajavat muut reviirille tulleet urokset pois. Siten ne pyrkivät varmistamaan, että kaikki alueen naaraat parittelevat vain sen kanssa.

Ravinto

Kääpiökaimaani syö melko pienikokoisia eläimiä, kuten sammakoita, etanoita, pieniä nisäkkäitä ja hyönteisiä. Suuret yksilöt syövät myös lintuja ja matelijoita. Ruokavalio vaihtelee paljolti koon mukaan.

 src=
Nuoria kääpiökaimaaneja

Lisääntyminen

Kääpiökaimaani lisääntyy tavallisesti kuivana kautena, mutta tarkkaa lisääntymisaikaa ei ole. Sekä uros että naaraat rakentavat pesäkeon kasviaineksesta ja mudasta. Naaras munii pesään 10–25 munaa, jotka painavat 61–70 grammaa. Uros poistuu muninnan jälkeen ja jättää naaraan huolehtimaan munista. Munat hautuvat noin 90 päivää. Poikasten kuoriuduttua naaras avaa pesän, minkä jälkeen poikaset pysyvät maalla muutamia päiviä kunnes niiden nahkaa peittävä limakerros on kuivunut. Poikasia ja munia verottavat monet pedot, kuten pesukarhut, rotat ja vesilinnut. Aikuisetkin yksilöt voivat jäädä jaguaarien tai suurten käärmeiden saaliiksi. Täydellisen lisääntymiskyvyn kääpiökaimaanit saavuttavat myöhään, vasta noin kymmenvuotiaina ja vähintään metrin pituisina.

Lähteet

Viitteet

  1. Crocodile Specialist Group: Paleosuchus palpebrosus IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.1. 1996. International Union for Conservation of Nature, IUCN, Iucnredlist.org. Viitattu 21.6.2014. (englanniksi)

Aiheesta muualla

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Kääpiökaimaani: Brief Summary ( Finlandês )

fornecido por wikipedia FI

Kääpiökaimaani (Paleosuchus palpebrosus) on Etelä-Amerikassa luonnonvaraisena elävä alligaattorilaji. Se kasvaa vain runsaan metrin pituiseksi ja on täten maailman pienin krokotiilieläin. Lajin kuvasi ranskalainen eläintieteilijä Georges Cuvier vuonna 1807.

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Caïman nain de Cuvier ( Francês )

fornecido por wikipedia FR

Paleosuchus palpebrosus

Paleosuchus palpebrosus, Caïman nain de Cuvier ou Caïman nain, est une espèce de crocodiliens de la famille des Alligatoridae[1]. Caïman est un terme qui désigne les genres Caiman, Melanosuchus et Paleosuchus.

Appellations, noms vernaculaires

En français, Paleosuchus palpebrosus porte plusieurs noms vernaculaires : Caïman nain de Cuvier, Caïman rouge, Caïman à front lisse, Caïman nain. En anglais, on le nomme Cuvier's Dwarf caiman, en brésilien : Jacare Curua, en Sranatongo : Redikaaiman et en Wayampi : Yakale.

Habitat

Le Caïman nain de Cuvier peuple les zones humides et les rivières de son aire de répartition.

Description

C'est la plus petite espèce de caïman. Il atteint au maximum 150 cm et est totalement inoffensif pour l'homme. Les jeunes sont bruns et s'assombrissent en prenant de l'âge. La tête est brune et la mâchoire inférieure est parsemée de taches plus foncées. La taille de la femelle (queue comprise) est de 1,20 m en moyenne, le mâle mesure généralement entre 160 cm et 180 cm (queue comprise). On repère 8 écailles dorsales à l'endroit le plus large du dos, 4 écailles dorsales entre les deux membres arrière. Il possède 16 écailles ventrales dans la rangée longitudinale la plus large reliant les deux flancs. Les écailles nucales, quant à elles, se déclinent en 4 rangées, juste derrière la tête de l'animal : la première rangée, la plus proche de la tête, juste après les deux rangées d'écailles post-occipitales, possède 2 écailles, la seconde et la troisième en comptent entre 3 et 4 selon l'individu et les deux dernières rangées sont composées de 2 écailles. Le Caïman nain de Cuvier possède entre 78 et 82 dents selon l'individu. La mâchoire supérieure compte 4 dents pré-maxillaires, entre 15 et 16 maxillaires et sur la mâchoire inférieure il y a entre 21 et 22 dents mandibulaires. Le Caïman nain de Cuvier possède une durée de vie dans son milieu naturel qui avoisine les 25 ans, jusqu'à 60 ans en captivité (Selon MNHN zoologique de Paris).

Reproduction

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Jeunes spécimens

La reproduction de ce reptile est sexuée et de type ovipare. La femelle pond entre 10 et 25 œufs qu'elle place dans un nid en humus. L'incubation des œufs dure environ 90 jours. Lorsque les jeunes juste éclos commencent à pousser des cris, la mère vient aléatoirement les déterrer puis les délaisse (MNHN Parc Zoologique de Paris information public 11/2014). Longs d'une vingtaine de centimètres à la sortie de l'œuf, ils grandiront toute leur vie, mais resteront d'assez petite taille.

Alimentation

Cette espèce est carnivore/piscivore. Les jeunes se nourrissent de petits crustacés et autres invertébrés adaptés à leur taille (coléoptères...). Les adultes quant à eux, mangent des poissons ainsi que des crustacés.

Caïman ou crocodile ?

Un même groupe comprend les caïmans, crocodiles, gavials et autres alligators mais cependant réparties sur trois continents. Les caïmans se différencient des gavials et crocodiles par notamment, lorsque la gueule est fermée, simplement les dents de la mâchoire supérieure sont visibles. Des dents des deux mâchoires, supérieure et inférieure, sont visibles chez les deux autres. Le caïman se différencie de l'alligator notamment par la présence d'un septum osseux entre les narines chez ce dernier.

Caimaninae

Paleosuchus trigonatus



Paleosuchus palpebrosus








Purussaurus brasiliensis



Purussaurus mirandai




Purussaurus neivensis





Orthogenysuchus olseni




Mourasuchus nativus



Mourasuchus arendsi



Mourasuchus amazonensis



Mourasuchus atopus







Caiman niteroiensis



Caiman brevirostres




Caiman yacare



Caiman crocodilus





Caiman latirostris




Melanosuchus fischeri



Melanosuchus niger







Relations Phylogenetic de Paleosuchus palpebrosus avec les Caimaninae[2].

Menaces et conservation

Il est classé dans l'Annexe II du CITES. Il est sur la liste rouge de l'UICN : LRlc (risque faible, le moins important). Le nombre de spécimens dans la nature est estimé à un million. La possession de ce caïman requiert obligatoirement un certificat de capacité. Sa reproduction en captivité est extrêmement rare : selon le quotidien Le Soir du 13 novembre 2013, douze caïmans nains de Cuvier sont nés entre fin octobre et début novembre 2013 dans l'élevage Mike's Reptipark de Tournai (province de Hainaut, Belgique) ; certains d'entre eux seront confiés à des parcs animaliers spécialisés (Ferme des Reptiles, en Ariège et à Alligator Bay, au Mont-Saint-Michel, organismes qui avaient suivi de près le processus de reproduction).

Parc Zoologique de Paris

Le parc zoologique de Paris détient au moins deux spécimens de Paleosuchus palpebrosus probablement un couple qui sont présentés au public, facilement observables lors de la promenade du zoo, dans la grande serre tropicale. Ils sont maintenus dans un grand aqua/terrarium. Ces derniers disposent donc d'un grand aquarium ouvert avec une plage de terre plantée recréant au mieux ce qu'ils trouvent dans leur milieu naturel, pour le plaisir de ses pensionnaires. Dans l'aquarium quelques piranhas Pygocentrus nattereri sont présents. Ils ne sont pas du tout farouches et se laissent aisément observer par le public.(11/2014)

Galerie

Publication originale

  • Cuvier, 1807 : Sur les différentes especes de crocodiles vivans et sur leurs caractères distinctifs. Annales du Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, vol. 10, p. 8-86 (texte intégral).

Notes et références

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Caïman nain de Cuvier: Brief Summary ( Francês )

fornecido por wikipedia FR

Paleosuchus palpebrosus

Paleosuchus palpebrosus, Caïman nain de Cuvier ou Caïman nain, est une espèce de crocodiliens de la famille des Alligatoridae. Caïman est un terme qui désigne les genres Caiman, Melanosuchus et Paleosuchus.

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wikipedia FR

Caimán almiscreiro común ( Galego )

fornecido por wikipedia gl Galician

O caimán almiscreiro común[2] (Paleosuchus palpebrosus), é unha especie de pequeno caimán[3] suramericano presente en varios países: Bolivia, Brasil, Colombia, Ecuador, Güiana, Paraguai, Perú, Suriname e Venezuela. É unha das especies da orde Crocodilia menos ameazada, cuxas poboacións mantéñense estábeis.

Etimoloxía e nome

O seu nome científico deullo o zoólogo francés Frédéric Cuvier en 1807. O nome xenérico Paleosuchus vén do grego palaios 'antigo' e soukhos 'crocodilo'. Isto fai referencia á crenza de que este crocodiliano procedía dunha antiga liñaxe que diverxeu das outras especies de caimáns hai uns 30 millóns de anos. O nome específico palpebrosus deriva do latín palpebra 'pálpebra' coa terminación latina osus 'provisto de', e fai referencia á placas óseas que posúe sobre as pálpebras superiores.[4] O nome común de caimán anano de Cuvier que se lle dá nalgúns idiomas deriva do seu pequeno tamaño e do autor que o describiu.

Descrición e hábitat

Os machos alcanzan 1,6 metros de longura na idade adulta e as femias 1,2 metros. Son a especie de crocodilos máis pequena do mundo. Este tipo de caimán mostra en xeral preferencia por cursos de auga con corrente e sobre todo por aqueles onde a vexetación ofrece sombra. Nestes lugares as femias constrúen os seus niños, fabricados con follas secas. A posta usual consta de 5 a 9 ovos.

Notas

  1. Crocodile Specialist Group. "{{{taxon}}}". Lista Vermella de especies ameazadas. (en inglés). Unión Internacional para a Conservación da Natureza.
  2. Diccionario das ciencias da natureza e da saúde (C). A Coruña, Deputación da Coruña, 2000, p. 720
  3. Definicións no Dicionario da Real Academia Galega e no Portal das Palabras para caimán.
  4. Britton, Adam (2009-01-01). "Paleosuchus palpebrosus (Cuvier, 1807)". Crocodilian species list. Consultado o 2013-11-04.

Véxase tamén

Outros artigos

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Autores e editores de Wikipedia
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wikipedia gl Galician

Caimán almiscreiro común: Brief Summary ( Galego )

fornecido por wikipedia gl Galician

O caimán almiscreiro común (Paleosuchus palpebrosus), é unha especie de pequeno caimán suramericano presente en varios países: Bolivia, Brasil, Colombia, Ecuador, Güiana, Paraguai, Perú, Suriname e Venezuela. É unha das especies da orde Crocodilia menos ameazada, cuxas poboacións mantéñense estábeis.

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Autores e editores de Wikipedia
original
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wikipedia gl Galician

Paleosuchus palpebrosus ( Italiano )

fornecido por wikipedia IT

Il caimano nano di Cuvier (Paleosuchus palpebrosus Cuvier, 1807) è una piccola specie di coccodrillo della famiglia degli alligatori endemica del Sud America, il cui areale comprende Brasile, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana francese, Guyana, Paraguay, Perù, Suriname, Trinidad e Venezuela. Vive nelle foreste fluviali, nelle foreste allagate vicino a laghi e fiumi e in torrenti dal flusso rapido. Può attraversare anche grandi porzioni di terraferma per raggiungere pozze temporanee ed è in grado di tollerare anche acque più fredde rispetto ad altre specie di caimani. Altri nomi comuni per questa specie includono il caimano muschiato, caimano nano, caimano di Cuvier e caimano dalla fronte liscia (quest'ultimo nome è usato anche per P. trigonatus).[2] Date le sue ridotte dimensioni, in alcuni Stati è possibile mantenere questi animali come animali domestici; nel commercio di animali domestici è spesso indicato come caimano dalla testa a cuneo.[3]

Il caimano nano di Cuvier fu descritto per la prima volta dallo zoologo francese Georges Cuvier nel 1807 ed è una delle sole due specie del genere Paleosuchus, insieme a P. trigonatus. I loro parenti più stretti sono gli altri caimani della sottofamiglia Caimaninae. Con una lunghezza totale media di 1,4 metri (4,6 piedi) per i maschi e fino a 1,2 metri (3,9 piedi) per le femmine, il caimano nano di Cuvier non è solo la specie più piccola esistente nella famiglia degli alligatori e dei caimani, ma anche il più piccolo tra tutti i coccodrilli, con gli esemplari adulti che raggiungono in media un peso di 6-7 kg (da 13 a 15 libbre). Tuttavia, le loro ridotte dimensioni sono compensate dalla robusta corazza, fornita dalle basi ossee delle sue squame dermiche, che fornisce una buona protezione contro i predatori. I giovani caimani nani si nutrono principalmente di invertebrati, ma anche di piccoli pesci e rane, mentre gli esemplari adulti si nutrono di pesci più grandi, anfibi e invertebrati, come i grandi molluschi. Talvolta questi animali costruiscono delle tane sotterranee per ripararsi durante le ore più calde e nel Pantanal possono andare in estivazione nelle loro tane per stare al fresco durante la stagione secca. La femmina seppellisce le sue uova in un nido a forma di cumulo e queste impiegano circa tre mesi per schiudersi. Quando le uova si schiudono, la femmina aiuta i piccoli a uscire dal nido e fornisce loro protezione e limitate cure parentali per le prime settimane di vita. Questo caimano presenta un vasto areale e una vasta popolazione totale; pertanto la IUCN lo ha classificato come una specie a rischio minimo.

Descrizione

 src=
Caimano nano di Cuvier al Paignton Zoo, Inghilterra

Il caimano nano di Cuvier è il più piccolo coccodrillo vivente del Nuovo Mondo, contendendosi il titolo di coccodrillo più piccolo al mondo con il coccodrillo nano africano (Osteolaemus tetraspis). I maschi raggiungono una lunghezza massima di circa 1,6 metri (5,2 piedi) mentre le femmine di solito non superano 1,2 metri (3 piedi 11 pollici).[4] L'esemplare più grande mai registrato misurava 1,73 metri (5,7 piedi) di lunghezza.[5] Questa potrebbe essere una sottostima della taglia massima dell'animale, poiché quasi tutti i grandi adulti hanno perso la punta della coda e l'esemplare più grande misurato nella regione del Pantanal aveva una lunghezza muso-cloaca di 1,125 metri (4 piedi) (equivalente a una lunghezza totale di 2,1 metri (6,9 piedi) con una coda intatta).[6] Il peso medio di un adulto si aggira sui 6-7 kg (da 13 a 15 libbre), circa lo stesso peso di un esemplare di 6-12 mesi di diverse specie più grandi di coccodrilli.[7] Il caimano nano di Cuvier compensa le ridotte dimensioni con una formidabile corazza presente su entrambi i lati dorsali (superiore) e ventrali (inferiore), riducendo il rischio di predazione. Le squame dermiche che forniscono questa protezione hanno una base ossea e sono note come osteodermi.[4][8]

La testa ha una forma insolita per un coccodrillo, con un cranio a forma di cupola e un muso corto, liscio e concavo con la punta rivolta all'insù, vagamente somigliante alla testa di un cane. La mascella si estende notevolmente più in avanti rispetto alla mandibola. Le fauci presentano 4 denti premascellari e da 14 a 15 denti mascellari su entrambi i lati nella mascella, e 21 o 22 denti su ciascun lato della mandibola, per un totale di circa 80 denti. Il collo è relativamente snello e gli scuti dorsali sono meno prominenti rispetto al caimano dalla fronte liscia. Le doppie file di scudi sulla coda sono piccole e sporgono verticalmente. Gli adulti hanno una colorazione nero-brunastro scuro con una testa marrone scuro, mentre i giovani sono marrone con bande nere. Le iridi degli occhi sono marrone a tutte le età e le pupille hanno la forma di fessure verticali.[4][8]

La scutellazione (disposizione delle squame) è una delle caratteristiche principali che aiuta gli studiosi a distinguere il caimano nano di Cuvier dal caimano nano di Schneider.[4]

Biologia

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Adulto al Sea world di Praga

Il caimano nano di Cuvier è prevalentemente notturno. Gli adulti si nutrono di pesci, anfibi, piccoli mammiferi, uccelli, granchi, gamberi, molluschi e altri invertebrati, che catturano sia in acqua o sia sulla terraferma. I giovani consumano meno pesce, ma si nutrono più prevalentemente di crostacei, girini, rane e lumache, nonché invertebrati terrestri, come i coleotteri.[4] La preda viene spesso inghiottita intera, venendo in seguito frantumata dalle pietre ingerite dall'animale nel ventriglio.[9] Le popolazioni del Pantanal possono andare in estivazione nelle loro tane durante la stagione secca e sono in grado di mantenere la loro temperatura corporea intorno ai 22 °C (72 °F) per giorni interi.

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Cuccioli al Cologne Zoological Garden, Germania

Gli esemplari adulti prediligono uno stile di vita solitario o di coppia. La riproduzione di questa specie è poco studiata, ma non sembra essere di natura stagionale. La femmina costruisce un nido di tumuli con vegetazione e fango in un luogo nascosto e appartato dove deporrà una covata di 10-25 uova, nascondendole sotto altra vegetazione. Il periodo di incubazione è di circa 90 giorni e il sesso dei piccoli dipende dalla temperatura del nido durante il periodo di incubazione. Quando le uova iniziano a schiudersi, la femmina apre il nido in risposta ai richiami dei piccoli. I giovani appena emersi dall'uovo sono ricoperti da uno strato di muco, che può ritardare l'ingresso dei piccoli in acqua nel caso la covata si fosse schiusa durante la stagione secca. Inoltre, si ritiene che la presenza continua del muco sulla pelle riduca la crescita delle alghe. La femmina rimane con i piccoli per alcune settimane, dopodiché i piccoli si disperdono. I giovani crescono a una velocità compresa tra 8 e 10 centimetri (da 3 a 4 pollici) all'anno e raggiungono la maturità sessuale intorno agli 8 anni.[4][9]

Il caimano nano di Cuvier è considerato una specie chiave la cui presenza nell'ecosistema mantiene un sano equilibrio degli organismi. In sua assenza, i pesci, come i piranha, potrebbero arrivare a dominare l'ambiente acquatico. Le uova e i giovani appena nati sono i più a rischio e sono predati da uccelli, serpenti, ratti, procioni e altri mammiferi. Gli adulti sono protetti dalla spessa corazza di osteodermi ossei sotto le squame e i loro principali predatori sono giaguari, anaconde verdi (Eunectes murinus) e grandi boa constrictor.[9]

Il caimano nano di Cuvier è l'unica specie di coccodrillo in cui non è mai stato osservato il "death roll", tecnica quasi universale utilizzata da quasi tutti i coccodrilli esistenti per nutrirsi o durante i combattimenti intraspecifici. Tuttavia, questo potrebbe essere solo circostanziale, poiché gli esemplari testati per il comportamento potrebbero aver agito in modo non collaborativo con i ricercatori, oppure è possibile che questi animali non necessitino di usare il "death roll" in quanto le loro prede sono facilmente inghiottibili intere e non necessitano di essere fatte a pezzi.[10] Nonostante le ridotte dimensioni il suo morso è, in rapporto al corpo, uno dei più potenti nel regno animale, come avviene per quasi tutti i coccodrilli. Può esercitare una pressione mascellare di 140 kg/cm2,, la stessa che si registrerebbe sotto 1400 metri d'acqua. Questa caratteristica gli permette di frantumare i gusci più coriacei con facilità.[11][12]

Distribuzione e habitat

Il caimano nano di Cuvier è originario della zona tropicale settentrionale e centrale del Sud America. È presente nel fiume Orinoco, il fiume São Francisco, il Rio delle Amazzoni, il corso superiore del fiume Paraná e il fiume Paraguay.[8] Il suo areale include Perù, Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, Guyana francese, Brasile, Bolivia e Paraguay. L'areale di questa specie è molto più ampio di quella del caimano dalla fronte liscia, suo simpatrico, poiché si estende in Paraguay e comprende un'area più ampia del Brasile.[4]

Il caimano nano di Cuvier è una specie d'acqua dolce, che abita le zone fluviali boschive e nelle zone di foresta allagata intorno ai laghi. Sembra preferire fiumi e torrenti con corrente forte, ma può vivere anche nelle acque tranquille e povere di nutrienti del Venezuela e del Brasile sudorientale. È inoltre in grado di coprire grandi distanze via terra, durante la notte, per raggiungere pozze temporanee o bacini idrici più grandi. Alcuni individui sono stati avvistati in pozze e piscinette temporanee. Nelle parti settentrionale e meridionale del suo areale, si può trovare anche nelle foreste a galleria nella regione delle savane, ma è assente da tali habitat nel Llanos e nel Pantanal. Questa specie sembra tollerare meglio le acque più fredde rispetto ad altre specie di caimani. Durante le ore più calde del giorno preferiscono rimanere nelle loro tane,[4][8] mentre nelle prime ore della giornata possono essere osservati mentre si crogiolano al sole sulle rive o in acque poco profonde con la schiena esposta.[9]

Tassonomia ed etimologia

Il caimano nano di Cuvier fu descritto per la prima volta da Cuvier nel 1807 come Crocodylus palpebrosus da una località tipo descritta come "Cayenne". Da allora ha ricevuto numerosi nomi da diversi autori: Crocodilus (Alligator) palpebrosus (Merrem, 1820), Jacaretinga moschifer (Spix, 1825), Champsa palpebrosa (Wagler, 1830), Alligator palpebrosus (Dumeril & Bibron, 1836), Champsa gibbiceps (Natterer, 1841), Caiman palpebrosus (Gray, 1844), Caiman (Aromosuchus) palpebrosus (Gray, 1862) e Jacaretinga palpebrosus (Villant, 1898). Muller, nel 1924, e Schmidt, nel 1928, furono i primi autori a usare il nome attualmente accettato di Paleosuchus palpebrosus. Attualmente, non sono riconosciute sottospecie.[4]

Uno studio genetico del 2012 ha rilevato chiare differenze tra le varie popolazioni di caimano nano di Cuvier (Pantanal; bacino del fiume Madeira; bacino del Rio Negro ), e queste popolazioni sono apparentemente isolate l'una dalle altre,[13] portando a suggerire che potrebbe trattarsi di un complesso di specie criptico.[14]

Attualmente, il genere Paleosuchus contiene solo due specie: Paleosuchus trigonatus, comunemente noto come caimano nano di Schneider, e P. palpebrosus, entrambi del Sud America. Paleosuchus si distingue dagli altri caimani della sottofamiglia Caimaninae per l'assenza di una cresta interorbitale e per la presenza di quattro denti nella regione premascellare, dove altre specie di caimani ne hanno cinque.[4] Il nome del genere Paleosuchus deriva dal greco palaios che significa "antico" e soukhos che significa "coccodrillo". Ciò si riferisce alla convinzione che questo coccodrillo provenga da un antico lignaggio che si distaccò dalle altre specie di caimani circa 30 milioni di anni fa. Il nome specifico, palpebrosus, deriva dal latino palpebra che significa "palpebra", e osus che significa "pieno di". Questo si riferisce alle placche ossee (palpebrali) presenti sulle palpebre superiori.[4]

Conservazione

Molti coccodrilli sono cacciati per la loro pelle, ma questo non è il caso del caimano nano del Cuvier. Ciò potrebbe essere dovuto al fatto che la pelle ventrale di questa specie è troppo corazzata per facilitarne la conciatura. Alcuni individui vengono uccisi dalle popolazioni indigene per il cibo, e altri, in particolare in Guyana, vengono catturati per il commercio di animali esotici; tuttavia non ci sono prove per determinare che ciò affligga le popolazioni selvatiche.[4] La minaccia più importante per la sopravvivenza di questa specie è data dalla distruzione del suo habitat. La popolazione totale selvatica è stimata in oltre un milione di individui.[4]

Nella sua Lista rossa delle specie minacciate, la IUCN elenca il caimano nano di Cuvier come specie a rischio minimo, per via del suo ampio areale che comprende gran parte del Sud America centro-settentrionale e, sebbene la sua tendenza demografica sia sconosciuta, sembra essere abbondante in molte delle località in cui si trova.[1] È elencato nell'Appendice II della CITES.[15]

In cattività

In alcuni Paesi il caimano nano di Cuvier può essere tenuto come animale domestico esotico, anche se fornire cure adeguate è costoso e richiede un terrario delle dimensioni adeguate. In molti Paesi sono necessari permessi o licenze e la maggior parte dei veterinari ha poca esperienza con questi animali esotici. In Italia detenere caimani, o coccodrilli in generale, è vietato dalla legge.[16]

Note

  1. ^ a b (EN) Magnusson, W.E., Paleosuchus palpebrosus, su IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Versione 2020.2, IUCN, 2020. accesso richiede url (aiuto)
  2. ^ Cuviers dwarf caiman care sheet, in Reptile forums UK, 28 settembre 2009. URL consultato l'11 giugno 2014.
  3. ^ Baby wedgehead caiman, su Underground Reptiles. URL consultato l'11 giugno 2014.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Britton, Adam, Paleosuchus palpebrosus (Cuvier, 1807), in Crocodilian species list, 1º gennaio 2009. URL consultato il 28 ottobre 2013.
  5. ^ Britton, Adam, Paleosuchus, in Crocodilians: Natural History & Conservation, Crocodilian.com. URL consultato l'11 giugno 2014.
  6. ^ Campos, Zilca, Sanaiotti, Tânia e Magnusson, William E., Maximum size of dwarf caiman, Paleosuchus palpebrosus (Cuvier, 1807), in the Amazon and habitats surrounding the Pantanal, Brazil, in Amphibia-Reptilia, vol. 31, n. 3, 2010, pp. 439–442, DOI:10.1163/156853810791769392.
  7. ^ Cuvier's Dwarf Caiman, The Animal Files
  8. ^ a b c d Charles A. Ross, Crocodiles and Alligators, Blitz, 1992, pp. 62, 119, ISBN 9781853910920.
  9. ^ a b c d Choi, H., Paleosuchus palpebrosus: Dwarf caiman, Cuvier's smooth-fronted caiman, in Animal Diversity Web, 2004. URL consultato l'11 giugno 2014.
  10. ^ Infamous 'death roll' almost universal among crocodile species 2019-04-18 ScienceDaily
  11. ^ (EN) National Geographic's Brady Barr Uses Fishing Techniques to Measure Bite Force; American Alligator Wins, su Field & Stream. URL consultato il 12 agosto 2019.
  12. ^ Crocodiles Have Strongest Bite Ever Measured, Hands-on Tests Show, su National Geographic News, 15 marzo 2012. URL consultato il 12 agosto 2019.
  13. ^ Muniz, F.L., Filogeografia e genética de populações de jacaré-paguá (Paleosuchus palpebrosus) ao longo do rio Madeira e bacia do rio Paraguai (Pantanal), National Institute of Amazonian Research / Federal University of Amazonas, 2012.
  14. ^ Muniz, Bittencourt, Farias e Campos, New records on the occurrence of Paleosuchus in the Branco River Basin, Roraima state, Brazil, in Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter, vol. 34, n. 4, 2015, pp. 8–11.
  15. ^ Ross (a cura di), Crocodiles and Alligators, Blitz, 1992, p. 220, ISBN 9781853910920.
  16. ^ Britton, Adam, Captive care, su Crocodilian.com. URL consultato l'11 giugno 2014.

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Paleosuchus palpebrosus: Brief Summary ( Italiano )

fornecido por wikipedia IT

Il caimano nano di Cuvier (Paleosuchus palpebrosus Cuvier, 1807) è una piccola specie di coccodrillo della famiglia degli alligatori endemica del Sud America, il cui areale comprende Brasile, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana francese, Guyana, Paraguay, Perù, Suriname, Trinidad e Venezuela. Vive nelle foreste fluviali, nelle foreste allagate vicino a laghi e fiumi e in torrenti dal flusso rapido. Può attraversare anche grandi porzioni di terraferma per raggiungere pozze temporanee ed è in grado di tollerare anche acque più fredde rispetto ad altre specie di caimani. Altri nomi comuni per questa specie includono il caimano muschiato, caimano nano, caimano di Cuvier e caimano dalla fronte liscia (quest'ultimo nome è usato anche per P. trigonatus). Date le sue ridotte dimensioni, in alcuni Stati è possibile mantenere questi animali come animali domestici; nel commercio di animali domestici è spesso indicato come caimano dalla testa a cuneo.

Il caimano nano di Cuvier fu descritto per la prima volta dallo zoologo francese Georges Cuvier nel 1807 ed è una delle sole due specie del genere Paleosuchus, insieme a P. trigonatus. I loro parenti più stretti sono gli altri caimani della sottofamiglia Caimaninae. Con una lunghezza totale media di 1,4 metri (4,6 piedi) per i maschi e fino a 1,2 metri (3,9 piedi) per le femmine, il caimano nano di Cuvier non è solo la specie più piccola esistente nella famiglia degli alligatori e dei caimani, ma anche il più piccolo tra tutti i coccodrilli, con gli esemplari adulti che raggiungono in media un peso di 6-7 kg (da 13 a 15 libbre). Tuttavia, le loro ridotte dimensioni sono compensate dalla robusta corazza, fornita dalle basi ossee delle sue squame dermiche, che fornisce una buona protezione contro i predatori. I giovani caimani nani si nutrono principalmente di invertebrati, ma anche di piccoli pesci e rane, mentre gli esemplari adulti si nutrono di pesci più grandi, anfibi e invertebrati, come i grandi molluschi. Talvolta questi animali costruiscono delle tane sotterranee per ripararsi durante le ore più calde e nel Pantanal possono andare in estivazione nelle loro tane per stare al fresco durante la stagione secca. La femmina seppellisce le sue uova in un nido a forma di cumulo e queste impiegano circa tre mesi per schiudersi. Quando le uova si schiudono, la femmina aiuta i piccoli a uscire dal nido e fornisce loro protezione e limitate cure parentali per le prime settimane di vita. Questo caimano presenta un vasto areale e una vasta popolazione totale; pertanto la IUCN lo ha classificato come una specie a rischio minimo.

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Kajman karłowaty ( Polonês )

fornecido por wikipedia POL
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Kajman karłowaty, kajman Cuviera (Paleosuchus palpebrosus) – gatunek gada z rodziny aligatorowatych.

Opis
Na grzbiecie i brzuchu ma pancerz z kostnych płyt. Budowa głowy różni się od pozostałych krokodyli - jest krótka, bardzo gładka i wklęsła z wysoką czaszką i zadartym pyskiem oraz dolną szczęką wyraźnie podniesioną do góry. Kształt czaszki może mieć związek z kopaniem nor, których używają jako schronienia podczas dnia. Młode są brązowe ze słabymi paskami. Dorosłe są ciemniejsze. Głowa barwy czekoladowo-brązowej z takim kolorem tęczówki. Dolna szczęka w białe paski. W odróżnieniu od innych kajmanów toleruje chłodniejszą wodę.
Rozmiary
Przed 2010 rokiem uznawany za najmniejszego przedstawiciela aligatorowatych i najmniejszego w ogóle ze wszystkich krokodyli, o długości ciała samców 1,5–1,6 m i długości ciała samic 1,2 m. Campos, Sanaiotti i Magnusson (2010) stwierdzili jednak, że całkowita długość ciała tych kajmanów jest niedoszacowywana z uwagi na utratę końcówki ogona przez wielu przedstawicieli gatunku. Szacując całkowitą długość ciała na podstawie długości ciała bez ogona autorzy stwierdzili, że wielu przedstawicieli tego gatunku bez uszkodzeń ogona przekraczałoby 1,8 m długości, a największy zbadany przed nich osobnik osiągnąłby 2,1 m długości[3]. Oznacza to, że kajmany karłowate osiągają rozmiary porównywalne z rozmiarami aligatorów chińskich i krokodylowatych z rodzaju Osteolaemus[4].
Biotop
Rzeki wylewające w porze deszczowej porośnięte nadbrzeżnym lasem pomiędzy Amazonką i Orinoko oraz zalewowe lasy wokół większych jezior. Także małe strumienie i większe rzeki w Boliwii z odsłoniętym brzegiem.
Pokarm
Ryby i wodne bezkręgowce: kraby, mięczaki, krewetki, a także lądowe bezkręgowce. Ich krótkie zakrzywione do tyłu zęby są szczególnie przystosowane do kruszenia skorupiaków. Młode żywią się małymi bezkręgowcami w tym owadami.
Behawior
Kopie nory, w których spędza dzień. Wieczorem odbywa wędrówki nawet na znaczne odległości.
Rozmnażanie
Samica buduje gniazdo w kształcie kopca najczęściej w ukrytym miejscu, do którego składa od 10 do 25 jaj. Okres inkubacji trwa ok. 90 dni. Świeżo wylęgnięty młody nie może wejść od razu do wody, a dopiero gdy wyschnie warstwa śluzu, którą jest pokryty.
Występowanie
Ameryka Południowa: Boliwia, Brazylia, Kolumbia, Ekwador, Gujana Francuska, Gujana, Paragwaj, Peru, Surinam, Wenezuela. Szacowana dzika populacja wynosi: ponad 1.000.000 osobników.

Przypisy

  1. Paleosuchus palpebrosus, w: Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ang.).
  2. Paleosuchus palpebrosus. Czerwona księga gatunków zagrożonych (IUCN Red List of Threatened Species) (ang.).
  3. Zilca Campos, Tânia Sanaiotti i William Magnusson. Maximum size of dwarf caiman, Paleosuchus palpebrosus (Cuvier, 1807), in the Amazon and habitats surrounding the Pantanal, Brazil. „Amphibia-Reptilia”. 31 (3), s. 439–442, 2010. DOI: 10.1163/156853810791769392 (ang.).
  4. Introduction. W: Gordon Grigg i David Kirshner: Biology and evolution of crocodylians. Cornell University Press i CSIRO Publishing, 2015, s. 26. ISBN 978-0-8014-5410-3.
p d e
Krokodylomorfy zwierzętastrunowcekręgowcezauropsydydiapsydyarchozauromorfyarchozauryCrurotarsiSphenosuchia Allognathosuchus gracilis.jpg
Brillenkaiman (02) 2006-09-19.JPGProtosuchia Mesoeucrocodylia incertae sedis Mesoeucrocodylia: Sebecia Mesoeucrocodylia: Thalattosuchia Mesoeucrocodylia: Notosuchia Mesoeucrocodylia: Neosuchia
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Kajman karłowaty: Brief Summary ( Polonês )

fornecido por wikipedia POL

Kajman karłowaty, kajman Cuviera (Paleosuchus palpebrosus) – gatunek gada z rodziny aligatorowatych.

Opis Na grzbiecie i brzuchu ma pancerz z kostnych płyt. Budowa głowy różni się od pozostałych krokodyli - jest krótka, bardzo gładka i wklęsła z wysoką czaszką i zadartym pyskiem oraz dolną szczęką wyraźnie podniesioną do góry. Kształt czaszki może mieć związek z kopaniem nor, których używają jako schronienia podczas dnia. Młode są brązowe ze słabymi paskami. Dorosłe są ciemniejsze. Głowa barwy czekoladowo-brązowej z takim kolorem tęczówki. Dolna szczęka w białe paski. W odróżnieniu od innych kajmanów toleruje chłodniejszą wodę. Rozmiary Przed 2010 rokiem uznawany za najmniejszego przedstawiciela aligatorowatych i najmniejszego w ogóle ze wszystkich krokodyli, o długości ciała samców 1,5–1,6 m i długości ciała samic 1,2 m. Campos, Sanaiotti i Magnusson (2010) stwierdzili jednak, że całkowita długość ciała tych kajmanów jest niedoszacowywana z uwagi na utratę końcówki ogona przez wielu przedstawicieli gatunku. Szacując całkowitą długość ciała na podstawie długości ciała bez ogona autorzy stwierdzili, że wielu przedstawicieli tego gatunku bez uszkodzeń ogona przekraczałoby 1,8 m długości, a największy zbadany przed nich osobnik osiągnąłby 2,1 m długości. Oznacza to, że kajmany karłowate osiągają rozmiary porównywalne z rozmiarami aligatorów chińskich i krokodylowatych z rodzaju Osteolaemus. Biotop Rzeki wylewające w porze deszczowej porośnięte nadbrzeżnym lasem pomiędzy Amazonką i Orinoko oraz zalewowe lasy wokół większych jezior. Także małe strumienie i większe rzeki w Boliwii z odsłoniętym brzegiem. Pokarm Ryby i wodne bezkręgowce: kraby, mięczaki, krewetki, a także lądowe bezkręgowce. Ich krótkie zakrzywione do tyłu zęby są szczególnie przystosowane do kruszenia skorupiaków. Młode żywią się małymi bezkręgowcami w tym owadami. Behawior Kopie nory, w których spędza dzień. Wieczorem odbywa wędrówki nawet na znaczne odległości. Rozmnażanie Samica buduje gniazdo w kształcie kopca najczęściej w ukrytym miejscu, do którego składa od 10 do 25 jaj. Okres inkubacji trwa ok. 90 dni. Świeżo wylęgnięty młody nie może wejść od razu do wody, a dopiero gdy wyschnie warstwa śluzu, którą jest pokryty. Występowanie Ameryka Południowa: Boliwia, Brazylia, Kolumbia, Ekwador, Gujana Francuska, Gujana, Paragwaj, Peru, Surinam, Wenezuela. Szacowana dzika populacja wynosi: ponad 1.000.000 osobników.
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visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia POL

Jacaré-anão ( Português )

fornecido por wikipedia PT

O jacaré-anão, jacaré-paguá ou jacaré-mirim (Paleosuchus palpebrosus) é um jacaré do norte da América do Sul. É encontrado na Bolívia, Brasil, Colômbia, Equador, Guiana Francesa, Guiana, Paraguai, Peru, Suriname e Venezuela. Vive principalmente próximo de correntes rápidas, mas vive também em águas pobres em nutrientes.

É a menor espécie da família dos aligatores alcançando apenas 1,5 metros de comprimento. Os jacarés-anões juvenis alimentam-se de invertebrados, enquanto que os adultos comem peixes e invertebrados. Abriga-se em tocas durante o dia. Põe ovos num ninho de terra que eclodem ao fim de cerca de três meses.

Referências

 title=
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wikipedia PT

Jacaré-anão: Brief Summary ( Português )

fornecido por wikipedia PT

O jacaré-anão, jacaré-paguá ou jacaré-mirim (Paleosuchus palpebrosus) é um jacaré do norte da América do Sul. É encontrado na Bolívia, Brasil, Colômbia, Equador, Guiana Francesa, Guiana, Paraguai, Peru, Suriname e Venezuela. Vive principalmente próximo de correntes rápidas, mas vive também em águas pobres em nutrientes.

É a menor espécie da família dos aligatores alcançando apenas 1,5 metros de comprimento. Os jacarés-anões juvenis alimentam-se de invertebrados, enquanto que os adultos comem peixes e invertebrados. Abriga-se em tocas durante o dia. Põe ovos num ninho de terra que eclodem ao fim de cerca de três meses.

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Autores e editores de Wikipedia
original
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wikipedia PT

Cüce kayman ( Turco )

fornecido por wikipedia TR

Cüce kayman (Paleosuchus palpebrosus), alligatorgiller (Alligatoridae) familyasından Güney Amerika'nın kuzeyinde yaşayan en küçük timsah türü. Türün dişileri nadiren 1.2 m uzunluğa, erkekleri ise en fazla 1.5 m uzunluğa kadar ulaşabilmektedir.

Dış bağlantılar

Commons-logo.svg Wikimedia Commons'ta Cüce kayman ile ilgili çoklu ortam belgeleri bulunur. Wikispecies-logo.svg Wikispecies'te Cüce kayman ile ilgili detaylı taksonomi bilgileri bulunur. Stub icon Sürüngenler ile ilgili bu madde bir taslaktır. Madde içeriğini geliştirerek Vikipedi'ye katkıda bulunabilirsiniz.
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Cüce kayman: Brief Summary ( Turco )

fornecido por wikipedia TR

Cüce kayman (Paleosuchus palpebrosus), alligatorgiller (Alligatoridae) familyasından Güney Amerika'nın kuzeyinde yaşayan en küçük timsah türü. Türün dişileri nadiren 1.2 m uzunluğa, erkekleri ise en fazla 1.5 m uzunluğa kadar ulaşabilmektedir.

licença
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original
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wikipedia TR

Cá sấu lùn xạ hương ( Vietnamita )

fornecido por wikipedia VI

Cá sấu lùn xạ hương (Paleosuchus palpebrosus) hay Cá sấu caiman lùn Cuvier là loài cá sấu nhỏ nhất từ miền Bắc và miền Trung Nam Mỹ. Loài này có ở Bolivia, Brasil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guiana thuộc Pháp, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, và Venezuela. Nó sống chủ yếu gà các dòng chảy nhanh, nhưng cũng trong vùng nước thiếu hụt dinh dưỡng.

Với tổng chiều dài trung bình 1,3-1,5 m (4,3-4,9 ft) ở con đực và thường lên đến 1,2 m (3,9 ft) ở con cái, nó không chỉ là loài cá sấu Caiman nhỏ nhất con tồn tại, mà cũng là loài nhỏ nhất của tất cả cá sấu.[2] Các mẫu vật lớn nhất được ghi chiều dài.1,72 m (5,6 ft) [3] Con trưởng thành sẽ nặng khoảng 6–7 kg (13 đến 15 lb), giống như một số mẫu cũ tháng từ 6-12. Con chưa trưởng thành ăn vật không xương sống, cá và ếch nhỏ, trong co trưởng thành ăn , động vật lưỡng cư và động vật không xương, chẳng hạn như lớn động vật thân mềm. Nó sử dụng các hang hốc như nơi trú ẩn vào ban ngày, và đẻ trứng vào trong một cái tổ mà nở trong khoảng ba tháng. Đôi khi chúng được lưu giữ như là vật nuôi trong điều kiện nuôi nhốt.

Hình ảnh

Chú thích

  1. ^ Crocodile Specialist Group (1996). Paleosuchus palpebrosus. Sách Đỏ IUCN các loài bị đe dọa. Phiên bản 2013.1. Liên minh Bảo tồn Thiên nhiên Quốc tế. Truy cập ngày 6 tháng 11 năm 2013.
  2. ^ CROCODILIANS Natural History & Conservation. Paleosuchus palpebrosus. Accessed 27-01-2009.
  3. ^ Paleosuchus CROCODILIANS Natural History & Conservation

Tham khảo

Liên kết ngoài

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Hình tượng sơ khai Bài viết liên quan đến lớp Mặt thằn lằn này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
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original
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Cá sấu lùn xạ hương: Brief Summary ( Vietnamita )

fornecido por wikipedia VI

Cá sấu lùn xạ hương (Paleosuchus palpebrosus) hay Cá sấu caiman lùn Cuvier là loài cá sấu nhỏ nhất từ miền Bắc và miền Trung Nam Mỹ. Loài này có ở Bolivia, Brasil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guiana thuộc Pháp, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, và Venezuela. Nó sống chủ yếu gà các dòng chảy nhanh, nhưng cũng trong vùng nước thiếu hụt dinh dưỡng.

Với tổng chiều dài trung bình 1,3-1,5 m (4,3-4,9 ft) ở con đực và thường lên đến 1,2 m (3,9 ft) ở con cái, nó không chỉ là loài cá sấu Caiman nhỏ nhất con tồn tại, mà cũng là loài nhỏ nhất của tất cả cá sấu. Các mẫu vật lớn nhất được ghi chiều dài.1,72 m (5,6 ft) Con trưởng thành sẽ nặng khoảng 6–7 kg (13 đến 15 lb), giống như một số mẫu cũ tháng từ 6-12. Con chưa trưởng thành ăn vật không xương sống, cá và ếch nhỏ, trong co trưởng thành ăn , động vật lưỡng cư và động vật không xương, chẳng hạn như lớn động vật thân mềm. Nó sử dụng các hang hốc như nơi trú ẩn vào ban ngày, và đẻ trứng vào trong một cái tổ mà nở trong khoảng ba tháng. Đôi khi chúng được lưu giữ như là vật nuôi trong điều kiện nuôi nhốt.

licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
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original
visite a fonte
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wikipedia VI

鈍吻古鱷 ( Chinês )

fornecido por wikipedia 中文维基百科
二名法 Paleosuchus palpebrosus
(Cuvier, 1807) Paleosuchus palpebrosus Distribution.png

鈍吻古鱷(學名Paleosuchus palpebrosus),又稱矮鱷魚盾吻古鳄钝吻侏儒凯门鳄,是一种生活在南美洲北部和中部的小型鳄鱼,是世界上體型最小的鱷魚品種之一,成年後體型最小可到1.2,身體上的有骨板加以強化,體色為啡色,加以深啡色或黑色的橫向帶狀斑紋,部平滑,雙之間無骨脊。

鈍吻古鱷主要分佈於南美洲北部,棲息在洪氾森林裏。這種鱷魚會用腐爛植物泥巴,雌鱷每次生12隻

分布在玻利维亚巴西哥伦比亚厄瓜多尔圭亚那巴拉圭秘鲁苏里南委内瑞拉。它们主要栖息在河滨森林和湖、河畔的洪溢林。它们可以忍受其他短吻鳄无法承受的低温,在干旱时节能穿越干地寻找水源。

钝吻古鳄是新大陆鳄鱼中体型最小的。雄性体长1.6米,雌性不超过1.2米。有记录的最大的钝吻古鳄长1.72米。成体重6-7千克。钝吻古鳄无论背侧还是腹侧都有厚实的鳞甲,如此一来即使它们体型较小,也不怕掠食者的威胁。

钝吻古鳄通常是夜行性的。成年鳄鱼以鱼类、两栖类、小型哺乳类、鸟类、螃蟹、虾、软体动物和其他无脊椎动物为食。亚成体则主要捕食鱼类、甲壳类、蝌蚪、蛙类和蜗牛和其他陆生无脊椎动物,如甲虫。

資料來源

小作品圖示这是一篇鱷魚小作品。你可以通过编辑或修订扩充其内容。
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鈍吻古鱷: Brief Summary ( Chinês )

fornecido por wikipedia 中文维基百科

鈍吻古鱷(學名Paleosuchus palpebrosus),又稱矮鱷魚、盾吻古鳄、钝吻侏儒凯门鳄,是一种生活在南美洲北部和中部的小型鳄鱼,是世界上體型最小的鱷魚品種之一,成年後體型最小可到1.2,身體上的有骨板加以強化,體色為啡色,加以深啡色或黑色的橫向帶狀斑紋,部平滑,雙之間無骨脊。

鈍吻古鱷主要分佈於南美洲北部,棲息在洪氾森林裏。這種鱷魚會用腐爛植物泥巴,雌鱷每次生12隻

分布在玻利维亚巴西哥伦比亚厄瓜多尔圭亚那巴拉圭秘鲁苏里南委内瑞拉。它们主要栖息在河滨森林和湖、河畔的洪溢林。它们可以忍受其他短吻鳄无法承受的低温,在干旱时节能穿越干地寻找水源。

钝吻古鳄是新大陆鳄鱼中体型最小的。雄性体长1.6米,雌性不超过1.2米。有记录的最大的钝吻古鳄长1.72米。成体重6-7千克。钝吻古鳄无论背侧还是腹侧都有厚实的鳞甲,如此一来即使它们体型较小,也不怕掠食者的威胁。

钝吻古鳄通常是夜行性的。成年鳄鱼以鱼类、两栖类、小型哺乳类、鸟类、螃蟹、虾、软体动物和其他无脊椎动物为食。亚成体则主要捕食鱼类、甲壳类、蝌蚪、蛙类和蜗牛和其他陆生无脊椎动物,如甲虫。

licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
维基百科作者和编辑
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia 中文维基百科

コビトカイマン ( Japonês )

fornecido por wikipedia 日本語
コビトカイマン コビトカイマン 保全状況評価[1][2] LOWER RISK - Least Concern
(IUCN Red List Ver.2.3 (1994))
Status iucn2.3 LC.svgワシントン条約附属書II 分類 : 動物界 Animalia : 脊索動物門 Chordata 亜門 : 脊椎動物亜門 Vertebrata : 爬虫綱 Reptilia : ワニ目 Crocodilia : アリゲーター科 Alligatoridae : コビトカイマン属 Paleosuchus : コビトカイマン P. palpebrosus 学名 Paleosuchus palpebrosus
(Cuvier, 1807) 英名 Cuvier's dwarf caiman Paleosuchus palpebrosus Distribution.png
分布

コビトカイマンPaleosuchus palpebrosus)はコビトカイマン属に分類されるワニの一種。

分布[編集]

エクアドルガイアナコロンビアスリナムブラジルフランス仏領ギアナ)、ベネズエラペルーボリビアアマゾン川オリノコ川流域、パラナ川上流域[3][2]

形態[編集]

最大全長172センチメートル[4]。アメリカ大陸のワニ目の構成種としては最小種。口吻側面が強く傾斜する。後頭部を覆う大型鱗の列(後頭鱗列)は2列[3]

生態[編集]

魚類、無脊椎動物を食べると考えられている。13個の卵を産んだ例がある[3]

参考文献[編集]

[ヘルプ]
  1. ^ CITES Appendices I, II and III”. ^ a b Crocodile Specialist Group ("Paleosuchus trigonatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.3. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: Uses authors parameter
  2. ^ a b c 千石正一監修 長坂拓也編著 『爬虫類・両生類800種図鑑 第3版』、ピーシーズ、2002年、154頁。
  3. ^ 小原秀雄・浦本昌紀・太田英利・松井正文編著 『動物世界遺産 レッド・データ・アニマルズ2 アマゾン』、講談社2001年、93頁。
 src= ウィキメディア・コモンズには、コビトカイマンに関連するメディアがあります。  src= ウィキスピーシーズにコビトカイマンに関する情報があります。

外部リンク[編集]

執筆の途中です この項目は、動物に関連した書きかけの項目です。この項目を加筆・訂正などしてくださる協力者を求めていますPortal:生き物と自然プロジェクト:生物)。
 title=
licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
ウィキペディアの著者と編集者
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia 日本語

コビトカイマン: Brief Summary ( Japonês )

fornecido por wikipedia 日本語

コビトカイマン(Paleosuchus palpebrosus)はコビトカイマン属に分類されるワニの一種。

licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
ウィキペディアの著者と編集者
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia 日本語