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Eriodictyon californicum (Hook. & Arn.) Greene

Common Names ( Inglês )

fornecido por Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the term: shrub

California yerba santa
mountain balm


TAXONOMY:
The scientific name of California yerba santa is Eriodictyon californicum
(H. & A.) Torr., in the family Hydrophyllaceae. There are no recognized
subspecies or varieties [25].


LIFE FORM:
Shrub

FEDERAL LEGAL STATUS:
No special status

OTHER STATUS:
NO-ENTRY





DISTRIBUTION AND OCCURRENCE
SPECIES: Eriodictyon californicum
GENERAL DISTRIBUTION:
California yerba santa occurs in California and Oregon. It is distributed along
the Coast and Klamath ranges from Monterey County north to Siskiyou
County, California. It occurs in the Sierra Nevada and Cascade Range
from Kern County north to Klamath and Jackson counties, Oregon [12,25].
licença
cc-publicdomain
citação bibliográfica
Howard, Janet L. 1992. Eriodictyon californicum. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Distribution ( Inglês )

fornecido por Fire Effects Information System Plants
California yerba santa occurs in California and Oregon. It is distributed along
the Coast and Klamath ranges from Monterey County north to Siskiyou
County, California. It occurs in the Sierra Nevada and Cascade Range
from Kern County north to Klamath and Jackson counties, Oregon [12,25].



Distribution of California yerba santa. Map courtesy of USDA, NRCS. 2018. The PLANTS Database.
National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC [2018, July 6] [34].

licença
cc-publicdomain
citação bibliográfica
Howard, Janet L. 1992. Eriodictyon californicum. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Fire Management Considerations ( Inglês )

fornecido por Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the term: top-kill

Range: Repeated prescribed fires are not recommended for eradicating
California yerba santa. Repeated rangeland fires have increased California yerba santa
populations and decreased the number of desirable browse species. The
combination of fire and herbivory removes competing species. If fire is
to be used as a management tool, a single fire is recommended to
top-kill existing plants; thereafter herbicides should be used to kill
sprouts and seedlings [6,19].
licença
cc-publicdomain
citação bibliográfica
Howard, Janet L. 1992. Eriodictyon californicum. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Key Plant Community Associations ( Inglês )

fornecido por Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the terms: grassland, hardwood, shrub, woodland

California yerba santa is an occasionally dominant shrub in annual grassland and
oak (Quercus spp.) woodland. It is listed as a dominant ecoassociation
type (eas) in the following published classification:

Area Classification Authority

CA: Sierra
Nevada Mts. CA hardwood eas Allen and others 1991
licença
cc-publicdomain
citação bibliográfica
Howard, Janet L. 1992. Eriodictyon californicum. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Life Form ( Inglês )

fornecido por Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the term: shrub

Shrub
licença
cc-publicdomain
citação bibliográfica
Howard, Janet L. 1992. Eriodictyon californicum. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Management considerations ( Inglês )

fornecido por Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the terms: competition, grassland, herbaceous

Range: California yerba santa can become dominant on heavily used rangelands,
particularly in areas that have been converted from brushland to
grassland. Livestock consume other plants before they browse yerba
santa [27]. With reduced competition, California yerba santa eventually forms
dense pure stands [6,11,19].

Control: The best method of control is to move livestock off the range
before desirable browse becomes overgrazed. Chemical control is
possible but may be difficult. Some California yerba santa populations are
beginning to show resistance to phenoxy compounds such as 2,4-D. These
chemicals can still be effective in some areas, however. Basal
applications of karbutilate are also effective. Precautions for its use
in pastures and rangelands have been detailed [7]. Karbutilate requires
several months to break down. If treated in the summer or early fall,
the rangeland could be seeded with desirable grass and/or herbaceous
species in the early spring. Chemical control, along with reseeding,
would probably be an effective eradication strategy.
licença
cc-publicdomain
citação bibliográfica
Howard, Janet L. 1992. Eriodictyon californicum. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Phenology ( Inglês )

fornecido por Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info on this topic.

More info for the term: seed

The seasonal development of California yerba santa is as follows [20,25,28]:

vegetative growth begins - April
flowers in bloom - May to June
seed ripe - September
seed dissemination - September to November
germination - March
seedlings emerge - April
licença
cc-publicdomain
citação bibliográfica
Howard, Janet L. 1992. Eriodictyon californicum. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Post-fire Regeneration ( Inglês )

fornecido por Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the terms: ground residual colonizer, rhizome, shrub

Rhizomatous shrub, rhizome in soil
Ground residual colonizer (on-site, initial community)
licença
cc-publicdomain
citação bibliográfica
Howard, Janet L. 1992. Eriodictyon californicum. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Taxonomy ( Inglês )

fornecido por Fire Effects Information System Plants
The scientific name of California yerba santa is Eriodictyon californicum
(H. & A.) Torr., in the family Hydrophyllaceae. There are no recognized
subspecies or varieties [25].
licença
cc-publicdomain
citação bibliográfica
Howard, Janet L. 1992. Eriodictyon californicum. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Eriodictyon californicum ( Inglês )

fornecido por wikipedia EN

Eriodictyon californicum is a species of plant within the family Boraginaceae. It is also known as yerba santa (sacred herb), mountain balm, bear's weed, gum bush, gum plant, and consumptive weed.[2] Less common names include Herbe des Montagnes, Herbe à Ourse, Herbe Sacrée, Herbe Sainte, Hierba Santa, Holy Herb, and Tarweed.[3]

Distribution

It is native to California and Oregon, where it grows in several types of habitats, including chaparral and coast redwood forests.

Description

Eriodictyon californicum is an evergreen aromatic shrub with woody rhizomes, typically found in clonal stands growing to a height of 3 to 4 feet (1+ meter).[2] The dark green, leathery leaves are narrow, oblong to lanceolate, and up to 15 centimeters in length. Foliage and twigs are covered with shiny resin and are often dusted with black fungi, Heterosporium californicum.

It is similar to its Southern California sibling E. crassofolium.

The shrub is known to be an occasional source of nutrition for wildlife and livestock.[4] Their bitterness makes them unpalatable to most animals,[4] although it does have multiple insect herbivores, including butterflies.[5] The inflorescence is a cluster of bell-shaped white to purplish flowers, each between one and two centimeters in length.

Taxonomy

When first described, it was placed in genus Wigandia, so its basionym is Wigandia californica.[1]

Traditional medicine

The leaves have historically been used to treat asthma, upper respiratory infections and allergic rhinitis.[4] The Concow tribe calls the plant wä-sä-got’-ō (Konkow language)[6] The Chumash used it as a poultice for wounds, insect bites, broken bones, and sores. It was also used in a steam bath to treat hemorrhoids.[7][8]

Medical research

The flavonoid sterubin is the main active component of Yerba santa and is neuroprotective against multiple toxicities of the aging brain, including possibly Alzheimer's disease.[9][10][11]

Food use

Eriodictyol is one of the 4 flavanones identified in this plant by the Symrise Corporation as having taste-modifying properties, the other three being: homoeriodictyol, its sodium salt and sterubin.[12] These compounds have potential uses in food and pharmaceutical industry to mask bitter taste.

Environmental use

This species of shrub is used for revegetating damaged or disturbed lands, such as overgrazed rangeland.[4] It is strongly fire-adapted, sprouting from rhizomes after wildfire and developing a waxy film of flammable resins on its foliage.[4]

Butterflies

E. californicum is a specific food and habitat plant for the butterfly Papilio eurymedon. It is the primary nectar source for variable checkerspot butterflies in the Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve in California.[5]

References

  1. ^ a b Wigandia californica, the basionym for Eriodictyon californicum was first described and published in The Botany of Captain Beechey's Voyage 364, pl. 88. 1839. "Name - Wigandia californica Hook. & Arn". Tropicos. Saint Louis, Missouri: Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved 25 February 2019. Annotation: as 'Californica'
  2. ^ a b Patricia Kaminski and Richard Katz. Yerba Santa Eriodictyon californicum. Flower Essence Society.
  3. ^ "Yerba santa". WebMD. Retrieved 26 February 2019.
  4. ^ a b c d e Forest Service Fire Ecology
  5. ^ a b Murphy, Dennis D., Marian S. Menninger, and Paul R. Ehrlich. "Nectar Source Distribution as a Determinant of Oviposition Host Species in Euphydryas Chalcedona." Oecologia 62.2 (1984): 269-71.
  6. ^ Chesnut, Victor King (1902). Plants used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California. Government Printing Office. p. 408. Retrieved 25 February 2019.
  7. ^ Eriodictyon crassifolium Benth.
  8. ^ "Using Santa Barbara's Yerba Santa to Treat Cold, Flu, and Cough". sbhealthandhealing.com. Archived from the original on 22 March 2019. Retrieved 25 February 2019.
  9. ^ Wolfgang, F; Currais, A; Liang, Z; Pinto, A; Maher, P (February 2019). "Old age-associated phenotypic screening for Alzheimer's disease drug candidates identifies sterubin as a potent neuroprotective compound from Yerba santa". Redox Biology. 21: 101089. doi:10.1016/j.redox.2018.101089. PMC 6309122. PMID 30594901.
  10. ^ Liang, Z; Maher, P (November 2022). "Structural Requirements for the Neuroprotective and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of the Flavanone Sterubin". Antioxidants. 11: 2197. doi:10.3390/antiox11112197. PMC 9686938. PMID 36358569.
  11. ^ "'Holy herb' (Yerba santa) identified as a potential treatment for Alzheimer's disease". news-medical.net. 22 February 2019. Retrieved 26 February 2019.
  12. ^ Ley, JP; Krammer, G; Reinders, G; Gatfield, IL; Bertram, HJ (2005). "Evaluation of bitter masking flavanones from Herba Santa (Eriodictyon californicum (H. And A.) Torr., Hydrophyllaceae)". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 53 (15): 6061–6. doi:10.1021/jf0505170. PMID 16028996.

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wikipedia EN

Eriodictyon californicum: Brief Summary ( Inglês )

fornecido por wikipedia EN

Eriodictyon californicum is a species of plant within the family Boraginaceae. It is also known as yerba santa (sacred herb), mountain balm, bear's weed, gum bush, gum plant, and consumptive weed. Less common names include Herbe des Montagnes, Herbe à Ourse, Herbe Sacrée, Herbe Sainte, Hierba Santa, Holy Herb, and Tarweed.

licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Wikipedia authors and editors
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia EN

Eriodictyon californicum ( Espanhol; Castelhano )

fornecido por wikipedia ES

Eriodictyon californicum es una especie de planta fanerógama perteneciente a la familia Hydrophyllaceae. También conocida por yerba santa.[2]

 src=
Hojas
 src=
Flores

Distribución

Es nativa de California y Oregon, donde crece en varios tipos de hábitats, incluyendo chaparral y bosques de secuoyas de la costa.

Descripción

Eriodictyon californicum es un arbusto que alcanza un tamaño de 1 a 3 metros de altura, y que generalmente se encuentran en rodales clonales. Las ramas más pequeñas y el follaje están recubiertos de una resina pegajosa y con frecuencia se espolvorean con los hongos negros, Heterosporium californicum. El arbusto es conocido por ser una fuente ocasional de la nutrición para la vida silvestre y el ganado.[3]​ Las estrechas y largas hojas son algo lanceoladas y miden hasta 15 centímetros de longitud. Tienen un olor generalmente que se considera desagradable y un sabor amargo, haciéndolos inaceptables para la mayoría de los animales,[3]​ aunque tiene múltiples insectos herbívoros. Por ejemplo, es la fuente de néctar principal de las mariposas Euphydryas chalcedona en el Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve en California.[4]​ La inflorescencia es un racimo de flores en forma de campana de color blanco a violáceas, cada una de entre uno y dos centímetros de longitud.

Propiedades

Las hojas se han utilizado históricamente para tratar el asma, las infecciones respiratorias superiores y la rinitis alérgica. La tribu Concow llama a la planta wä-sä-got’-ō[5]

Eriodictyol es una de las 4 flavanonas identificados en esta planta por la Symrise Corporation, la cual tiene propiedades modificadores del sabor, las otras tres son: homoeriodictiol, su sal de sodio y sterubin.[6]​ Estos compuestos tienen usos potenciales en la industria alimentaria y farmacéutica para enmascarar el sabor amargo.

Uso ambiental

Esta especie de arbusto se utiliza para la revegetación de tierras dañadas o alteradas, como los pastizales con pastoreo excesivo.[3]​ Está, sin embargo, fuertemente adaptada al fuego, brotando los rizomas después de los incendios forestales y desarrollando una película cerosa de resinas inflamables en su follaje.[3]

Ecología

Eriodictyon californicum es un alimento y hábitat específico para la mariposa Papilio eurymedon.

Taxonomía

Eriodictyon californicum fue descrita por (Hook. & Arn.) Torr. y publicado en Report on the United States and Mexican Boundary... Botany 2(1): 148. 1859.[7]

Sinonimia
  • Eriodictyon glutinosum Benth.
  • Eriodictyon glutinosum var. serratum Choisy
  • Eriodictyon trichocalyx A.Heller[8]

Referencias

  1. Wigandia californica, the basionym for Eriodictyon californicum was first described and published in The Botany of Captain Beechey's Voyage 364, pl. 88. 1839. «Name - Wigandia californica Hook. & Arn.». Tropicos. Saint Louis, Missouri: Missouri Botanical Garden. Consultado el 23 de mayo de 2011. «Annotation: as 'Californica' ».
  2. Patricia Kaminski and Richard Katz. Yerba Santa Eriodictyon californicum. Flower Essence Society.
  3. a b c d Forest Service Fire Ecology
  4. Murphy, Dennis D., Marian S. Menninger, and Paul R. Ehrlich. "Nectar Source Distribution as a Determinant of Oviposition Host Species in Euphydryas Chalcedona." Oecologia 62.2 (1984): 269-71.
  5. Chesnut, Victor King (1902). Plants used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California. Government Printing Office. p. 408. Consultado el 24 de agosto de 2012.
  6. Ley, JP; Krammer, G; Reinders, G; Gatfield, IL; Bertram, HJ (2005). «Evaluation of bitter masking flavanones from Herba Santa (Eriodictyon californicum (H. And A.) Torr., Hydrophyllaceae)». Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 53 (15): 6061-6. PMID 16028996. doi:10.1021/jf0505170.
  7. «Eriodictyon californicum». Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. Consultado el 7 de diciembre de 2014.
  8. «Eriodictyon californicum». The Plant List. Consultado el 7 de diciembre de 2014.

 title=
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original
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Eriodictyon californicum: Brief Summary ( Espanhol; Castelhano )

fornecido por wikipedia ES

Eriodictyon californicum es una especie de planta fanerógama perteneciente a la familia Hydrophyllaceae. También conocida por yerba santa.​

 src= Hojas  src= Flores
licença
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Autores y editores de Wikipedia
original
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wikipedia ES

Eriodictyon californicum ( Francês )

fornecido por wikipedia FR

Eriodictyon californicum est une plante arbustive de la famille des Hydrophyllaceae[2]. Elle est aussi connue sous le nom de Yerba Santa ("herbe sacrée" en mexicain), Mountain Balm ("herbe des montagnes" en anglais) et Bear's Weed ("Herbe à ours" en anglais)[3].

Description

Cet arbuste, haut de 0,5 à 1,5 m, pousse dans les régions sèches du nord du Mexique et de l'État de Californie. Le pied à l'écorce lisse et aux branches basses est couvert d'une résine qui exsude de toutes les parties de la plante. Les feuilles persistantes sont épaisses et luisantes[4].

Histoire

Le philosophe grec péripatéticien Théophraste, dans son traité Des Odeurs dit qu'à leur sortie d'hibernation, au printemps, les ours consomment une herbe nommée « aros » (en grec ancien αρος[5]).

Utilisation

Médical

Les extraits de feuilles sont utilisés traditionnellement pour traiter l'asthme, les infections respiratoires et les rhinites allergiques[4].

Alimentaire

Sont extraites des feuilles 4 flavonoïdes (l'homoeriodictyol, homoeriodictyol sodique, la stérubine et l'eriodictyol) qui ont la capacité de réduire l'amertume de composé amer[6]. Cette flavanone est un agent (arôme) masquant potentiel dans les applications alimentaires ou pharmaceutiques. L'homoeriodictyol sodique a déjà obtenu le statut Fema GRAS (numéro 4228) en 2005 et peut donc déjà être utilisé dans les aliments en tant qu'arôme naturel[7].

Notes et références

  1. IPNI. International Plant Names Index. Published on the Internet http://www.ipni.org, The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Harvard University Herbaria & Libraries and Australian National Botanic Gardens., consulté le 12 juillet 2020
  2. (en) Plants Profile Eriodictyon californicum (Hook. & Arn.) Torr. California yerba santa Plants database. 23/12/2007
  3. (en) P Kaminski and R Katz. Yerba Santa Eriodictyon californicum. Flower Essence Society. 23/12/2007
  4. a et b (en) H. W. Felter and J. U. Lloyd (1898) Eriodictyon (U. S. P.) King's American Dispensatory.
  5. Pline l'Ancien, Histoire naturelle [détail des éditions] [lire en ligne] (VIII, 3)
  6. (en) Ley JP, Krammer G, Reinders G, Gatfield IL, Bertram HJ (2005) Evaluation of bitter masking flavanones from Herba Santa (Eriodictyon californicum (H. and A.) Torr., Hydrophyllaceae). Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 27;53(15):6061-6. PMID 16028996
  7. (en) Smith RL, Cohen SM, Doull J, Feron VJ, Goodman JI, Marnett LJ, Portoghese PS, Waddell WJ, Wagner BM and Adams TB (2005) GRAS Flavoring Substances #22. Food Technology 59 (8), 24-62.

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wikipedia FR

Eriodictyon californicum: Brief Summary ( Francês )

fornecido por wikipedia FR

Eriodictyon californicum est une plante arbustive de la famille des Hydrophyllaceae. Elle est aussi connue sous le nom de Yerba Santa ("herbe sacrée" en mexicain), Mountain Balm ("herbe des montagnes" en anglais) et Bear's Weed ("Herbe à ours" en anglais).

licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Auteurs et éditeurs de Wikipedia
original
visite a fonte
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wikipedia FR

Eriodictyon californicum ( Vietnamita )

fornecido por wikipedia VI

Eriodictyon californicum là loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Mồ hôi. Loài này được (Hook. & Arn.) Decne. mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1846.[1]

Chú thích

  1. ^ The Plant List (2010). Eriodictyon californicum. Truy cập ngày 11 tháng 6 năm 2013.

Liên kết ngoài


Hình tượng sơ khai Bài viết liên quan đến họ Mồ hôi (Boraginaceae) này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
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Eriodictyon californicum: Brief Summary ( Vietnamita )

fornecido por wikipedia VI

Eriodictyon californicum là loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Mồ hôi. Loài này được (Hook. & Arn.) Decne. mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1846.

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北美聖草 ( Chinês )

fornecido por wikipedia 中文维基百科
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二名法 Eriodictyon californicum
(Hook. & Arn.英语George Arnott Walker-Arnott) Torr.英语John Torrey

北美聖草學名Eriodictyon californicum),又名Yerba santa(在西班牙語中意為“神聖的藥草”)、肺疾神草(consumptive's weed)、熊兒草(bear weed)、山香脂/山樹脂(mountain balm)。[1]原產於北美地區(美國加利福尼亞州奧勒岡州墨西哥北部山區)。

Eriodictyon一字源於希臘語,意為“毛茸茸的”,用以描述其多毛的葉面[2]

形態特徵

北美聖草是一種常青灌木,通常可生長至1公尺(3-4英呎)以上的高度。

開小花,略呈吊鐘型,有五片花瓣,呈白色或淡紫色,每朵花寬約1到2公分[3]

用途

加州的印地安人使用此藥的歷史已久。他們相信,焚燒北美聖草可以驅趕疾病,使病人恢復健康。

其乾燥在歷史上常用來治療氣喘上呼吸道感染以及過敏性鼻炎

本品經常被作為某些製劑(例如含奎寧的製劑)的矯味劑以掩飾苦味,也可作為刺激性袪[2]

北美聖草的葉子富含樹脂,具有保的功能。因此它的萃取物被廣泛用於化妝品與保養品中,成為一種保濕成分。又有強效抗氧化力,還能抗輻射,抵禦外在環境的攻擊。[來源請求]

成分

本品含有下列成分[2]

參考資料

  1. ^ Patricia Kaminski and Richard Katz. Yerba Santa Eriodictyon californicum. Flower Essence Society.
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 James E. Robbers, Marilyn K. Speedie, Varro E. Tyler. Pharmacognosy and Pharmacobiotechnology. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 1996: 100-101. ISBN 978-0683085006.
  3. ^ Ashutosh Kar. Pharmacognosy and Pharmacobiotechnology, 2nd edition. New Age International. ISBN 978-1905740734.
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wikipedia 中文维基百科

北美聖草: Brief Summary ( Chinês )

fornecido por wikipedia 中文维基百科

北美聖草(學名:Eriodictyon californicum),又名Yerba santa(在西班牙語中意為“神聖的藥草”)、肺疾神草(consumptive's weed)、熊兒草(bear weed)、山香脂/山樹脂(mountain balm)。原產於北美地區(美國加利福尼亞州奧勒岡州墨西哥北部山區)。

Eriodictyon一字源於希臘語,意為“毛茸茸的”,用以描述其多毛的葉面。

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