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Brief Summary ( Neerlandês; Flamengo )

fornecido por Ecomare
De grote pijlinktvis is de grootste soort inktvis die voorkomt in de Noordzee. Grote pijlinktvissen spoelden tot in de jaren vijftig van de vorige eeuw geregeld aan op de Nederlandse stranden, maar sindsdien is de soort zeldzamer geworden. In sommige landen wordt er op gevist voor consumptie of als aas.
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Brief Summary ( Inglês )

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The flying squid is the largest species of cuttlefish found in the North Sea. Up till the 1950s, flying squid regularly washed ashore on the Dutch beaches, but since those days the species has grown rarer. In some countries, this squid is fished for consumption or used as bait.
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Comprehensive Description ( Inglês )

fornecido por Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology
Todarodes sagittatus (Lamarck, 1798)

DIAGNOSIS.—Medial manus sucker rings with 17–20 long, pointed teeth; manus with 14–18 quadriserial sucker rows.

ORIGINAL DESCRIPTION.—Lamarck, 1798:130.

TYPE LOCALITY.—Not indicated (Lamarck, 1798); Atlantic Ocean (Lamarck, 1799).

DEPOSITION OF TYPES.—Holotype: ?Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris (could not be located, June 1988; C.C. Lu, pers. comm.).

Paratypes: None nominated.

GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION.—Continental slope and oceanic waters of the Mediterranean Sea and northeastern Atlantic, and seamounts associated with the Mid-Atlantic Ridge as far west as 62° 16′W (Korzun et al., 1979).
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Voss, N. A. and Sweeney, M. J. 1998. "Systematics and Biogeography of cephalopods. Volume II." Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology. 277-599. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.586.277

Todarodes sagittatus ( Asturiano )

fornecido por wikipedia AST

El potarru (Todarodes sagittatus , sinónimu: Ommastrephes sagittatus ) ye una especie de moluscu cefalópodu de la familia Ommastrephidae.[1] Ye una especie comestible que tamién se conoz vulgarmente como pota, de menor valor comercial que los del xéneru Loligo.

Descripción

Identifícase por un mantu llargu, aletes curties, una maza tentacular bien llarga (les ventoses ocupen casi tola so estensión). Dáctilos con 4 fileres de ventoses bien pequeñes, y presenta una coloración coloráu-púrpura.

Distribución y hábitat

Habita a unos 800 m de fondura nos océanos Atlánticu y Pacíficu (onde algama un tamañu de 75 cm) y nel mar Mediterraneu (25 cm). Suel averase a la mariña mientres la nueche. Aliméntase de pexes, crustaceos ya invertebraos.[2]

Referencies

Enllaces esternos



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Todarodes sagittatus: Brief Summary ( Asturiano )

fornecido por wikipedia AST

El potarru (Todarodes sagittatus , sinónimu: Ommastrephes sagittatus ) ye una especie de moluscu cefalópodu de la familia Ommastrephidae. Ye una especie comestible que tamién se conoz vulgarmente como pota, de menor valor comercial que los del xéneru Loligo.

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Todarodes sagittatus ( Catalão; Valenciano )

fornecido por wikipedia CA

Todarodes sagittatus és una espècie comestible de calamar. Pota negra o Pota comuna són els seus noms comercials més estesos.

Descripció

Mant llarg. Aletes curtes. Massa tentacular molt llarga (les ventoses ocupen gairebé tota la seva extensió). Dàctil amb 4 fileres de ventoses molt petites. Coloració vermell-porpra. El seu mant arriba a fer 40 cm de llargada.

Distribució i hàbitat

Viu a uns 800 m de fondària als oceans Atlàntic i Pacífic i en la Mar Mediterrània (25 cm). Acostuma a apropar-se al litoral de nit. S'alimenta de peixos, crustacis i invertebrats.[1]

Referències

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Todarodes sagittatus: Brief Summary ( Catalão; Valenciano )

fornecido por wikipedia CA

Todarodes sagittatus és una espècie comestible de calamar. Pota negra o Pota comuna són els seus noms comercials més estesos.

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Θράψαλο ( Grego, Moderno (1453-) )

fornecido por wikipedia emerging languages

Το θράψαλο είναι είδος υδρόβιων ζώων, κεφαλόποδο, μαλάκιο της τάξης των Τευθοειδών. Έχει μήκος συνήθως γύρω στα 30 εκατοστόμετρα αλλά μπορεί να φτάσει και το 1 μέτρο και φτάνει σε βάρος τα 15 χιλιόγραμμα. Χαρακτηρίζεται από εσωτερικό όστρακο, μακρόστενο σώμα και τριγωνικές απολήξεις που λειτουργούν ως πτερύγια, μικρότερα των άλλων καλαμαριών, που συνεχίζονται στο πίσω μέρος του σώματος. Διαθέτει δέκα βραχίονες. Ζει σε αμμώδεις βυθούς. Απαντά κυρίως στον Ατλαντικό Ωκεανό αλλά βρίσκεται επίσης στη Μεσόγειο Θάλασσα και στη Βόρεια Θάλασσα [1].

Παραπομπές

  1. «Todarodes sagittatus». Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Ανακτήθηκε στις 4 Νοεμβρίου 2014.

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Θράψαλο: Brief Summary ( Grego, Moderno (1453-) )

fornecido por wikipedia emerging languages

Το θράψαλο είναι είδος υδρόβιων ζώων, κεφαλόποδο, μαλάκιο της τάξης των Τευθοειδών. Έχει μήκος συνήθως γύρω στα 30 εκατοστόμετρα αλλά μπορεί να φτάσει και το 1 μέτρο και φτάνει σε βάρος τα 15 χιλιόγραμμα. Χαρακτηρίζεται από εσωτερικό όστρακο, μακρόστενο σώμα και τριγωνικές απολήξεις που λειτουργούν ως πτερύγια, μικρότερα των άλλων καλαμαριών, που συνεχίζονται στο πίσω μέρος του σώματος. Διαθέτει δέκα βραχίονες. Ζει σε αμμώδεις βυθούς. Απαντά κυρίως στον Ατλαντικό Ωκεανό αλλά βρίσκεται επίσης στη Μεσόγειο Θάλασσα και στη Βόρεια Θάλασσα .

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European flying squid ( Inglês )

fornecido por wikipedia EN

dorsal view

The European flying squid (Todarodes sagittatus) is a species of squid from the continental slope and oceanic waters of the eastern Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. It is the type species of the genus Todarodes, the type genus of the subfamily Todarodinae of the pelagic squid family Ommastrephidae. It is a species which is targeted by some fisheries, although it is more often a bycatch.

Description

The European flying squid is a large species squid with a maximum reported size of 750mm measured by mantle length for an unsexed specimen, although this was probably a female, the largest mantle length known for a male is 640 mm, and these animals commonly have mantle lengths of between 250mm and 350 mm. It has a slender, long and muscular mantle with wide and strong fins, the length of the fins being equivalent to 45% of the mantle length,[3] and is just slightly wider than it is long, tapering to a point posteriorly.[4] The funnel groove has a foveola which does not have side pockets. The tentacular club is very long and extends over three quarters of the length of the contracted tentacle,[5] the club's suckers are held on the elongated carpus in 10 to 12 pairs, the sucker rings of the medial manus suckers have 17 to 20 long pointed teeth; the suckers of the manus are arranged in four series of 14 to 18 rows; the suckers on the dactylus are also arranged in 4 rows. The arm suckers have an enlarged central tooth, 7 to 9 regular teeth and have almost no small alternating teeth. There are no light organs on the viscera.[3] The arms are slender and are more than double the length of the head.[4] The fourth right arm is hectocotylised in males and has the terminal suckers modified into fleshy papillae. The body is dark purplish in colour.[3]

Distribution

The European flying squid is found in the eastern Atlantic from Greenland[5] and Iceland to the Arctic waters of the Russian Federation,[1] in the lower Barents Sea and Kara Sea,[3] to 13°S to the south of the Gulf of Guinea and to about 40°W; its distribution also includes the North Sea,[4] Mediterranean Sea[1] and the Sea of Marmara.[3]

Habitat and biology

The European flying squid is an oceanic, neritic species of squid that can be found from the surface to depths in excess of 1000 metres and it has been taken in United Kingdom territorial waters at 4,595 m. It is occasionally recorded among the fauna of the seabed on the continental shelf or the upper continental slope, for example off northwest Africa where it is commonly found between 350–700 metres.[3]

This species undertakes migrations for feeding and as it matures in the North Atlantic. Large schools appear offshore near southern Iceland, the Faroe Islands, Norway and sometimes Scotland in the early summer, and they stay in these areas until the onset of winter. The stranding of large numbers of European flying squid along nearby coastlines is relatively frequent in the summer months in these areas. With the arrival of winter, the squid move to deeper water further offshore where they spend the winter. The populations of the warmer seas off the northwestern African coast and in the western Mediterranean are more sedentary by comparison.[3]

The European flying squid is recorded in large numbers from March to May on the fishing grounds around Madeira, as well as in other areas of the eastern central Atlantic Ocean. Here the squid make ontogenetic movements as well, from the continental shelf to the continental slope and deep waters. This species is also known to undertake daily vertical migrations being found near the sea bed or at depths during the day and moving up to the surface and near-surface waters at night, however they are caught at night in deeper waters indicating that a proportion of the population do not always undertake vertical migrations. Squids of this species may be found solitarily or in small groups but as their trophic migration progresses they form large schools on the continental shelves in the waters of the northern Atlantic and off northwest Africa.[3]

The sex ratio of the European flying squid almost always shows a preponderance of females and there are very few males captured. This appears to be mainly a result of ecological factors as the feeding grounds are sexually segregated and they only meet during spawning. The males may be sedentary, living most of their lives in the breeding areas where they may not participate in the daily vertical feeding movements and remain at depth. The males attain sexual maturity at a smaller size and younger age than the females. In general, the larger animals are found in the cooler areas of its distribution.[3]

In the European flying squid spawning is most likely to be continuous throughout the year on the continental slope, but there are distinct seasonal peaks in late winter or early spring in the northeastern Atlantic. In the Catalan Sea and the Balearic Islands of the western Mediterranean spawning peaks between September and November. The length of the spermatophore depends on the size of the males and on their geographic origin ; being relatively larger (48 to 54 mm) in the Catalan Sea than in the population off North Africa (20 to 29 mm). The female fecundity is high, and each bears up to several hundred thousand eggs, depending on the size of females. The females reduce their feeding activity before spawning, and their spawning is characterized by intermittent egg laying, with the numbers of eggs in each egg mass decreasing. Spawning occurs in depths between 200 m and 800 m) and apparently takes place near the bottom. The early life cycle is not well known but observations on juveniles over the mid-Atlantic Ridge suggests that they are carried by currents and spread in the upper layers of the water column between 50–150 m), although they may go deeper in the daylight hours. Paralarvae observed in coastal waters off North Africa have been observed to rise to the layer just below the surface over the continental slope to feed before migrating as juveniles to the continental shelf. Their growth rate is high, especially in their early life phases but slows as they attain sexual maturity. Their life cycle is thought to take just over a single year to complete, based on statolith analysis but the larger squid of over 500mm mantle length are thought to be 18 months to two years old.[3]

T.sagittatus juvenile

The European flying squid preys on fish, crustaceans and cephalopods. In the more northerly part of its range small Atlantic herring (Clupea harenqus) are the main prey as are Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). Other studies have shown that prey includes pelagic species of fish, for example blue whiting (Micromesistius poutassou) and herring as well as mesopelagic fish like Maurolicus muelleri, they also prey on pelagic crustaceans, and cephalopods[1] with cannibalism being quite frequent, with conspecifics being the second most common cephalopod prey.[6] In the Macaronesian Islands lanternfish were the most common and diverse prey,[7] while off northern Norway the most common prey were fish, crustaceans and polychaetes.[8] Its predators include a variety of top Oceanic predators such as tuna, swordfish, sharks, seals and cetaceans. It is an important prey for some species of dolphin and this species along with Illex coindetii and Todaropsis eblanae, are the most important intermediate host for Anisakid nematodes, which are intestinal parasites.[3]

Fisheries

The European flying squid is predominantly taken as a bycatch of trawl fisheries for other species, but it is also fished by jigging and purse seining. In the summer months it is targeted by commercial and recreational fishermen in southern Italy. The flesh is eaten either fresh or boiled, it preserved by commercial freezing, salting or drying. The species is also utilised as bait in fisheries for cod and halibut. The population is not subject to any specific management measures and the total population consists of several geographically distinct populations. The stocks vary over time as the environment varies. From the late 20th Century to the present the mean catch has been 3,000 tonnes, although this has varied widely, with the largest catches being recorded in 1981-1985. Off Europe the species is taken in association with other members of the family Ommastrephidae and much of the catch is not identified to species. Over the 25 years to 2014 no obvious trend in stocks could be identified and it is therefore assessed as least concern.[1]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e Barratt, I.; Allcock, L.; Laptikhovsky, V. (2014). "Todarodes sagittatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2014: e.T163189A981746. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-1.RLTS.T163189A981746.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  2. ^ a b Philippe Bouchet (2018). Bieler R, Bouchet P, Gofas S, Marshall B, Rosenberg G, La Perna R, Neubauer TA, Sartori AF, Schneider S, Vos C, ter Poorten JJ, Taylor J, Dijkstra H, Finn J, Bank R, Neubert E, Moretzsohn F, Faber M, Houart R, Picton B, Garcia-Alvarez O (eds.). "Todarodes sagittatus (Lamarck, 1798)". MolluscaBase. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 13 March 2018.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k P. Jereb; C.F.E. Roper, eds. (2010). Cephalopods of the World an Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Cephalopod Species Known to Date Volume 2 Myopsid and Oegopsid Squids (PDF). Food and Agriculture Organization Rome. pp. 323–324. ISBN 978-92-5-106720-8.
  4. ^ a b c M. van Couwelaar. "Zooplankton and Micronekton of the North Sea Todarodes sagittatus". Marine Species Identification Portal. ETI Bioinformatics. Retrieved 15 March 2017.
  5. ^ a b "Todarodes sagittatus (Lamarck, 1798). Version 04 November 2015 (temporary)". Tree of Life Web Project. The Tree of Life Web Project. 2015.
  6. ^ A. Quetglas; F. Alemany; A. Carbonell; P. Merella & P. Sánchez (1999). "Diet of the European flying squid Todarodes sagittatus (Cephalopoda: ommastrephidae) in the Balearic Sea (western Mediterranean)". Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. 79 (3): 479–486. doi:10.1017/S0025315498000605. Abstract.
  7. ^ U. Piatkowski; V. Hernández-García & M. R. Clarke (1998). "On the biology of the European flying squid Todarodes sagittatus (Lamarck, 1798) (Cephalopoda, Ommastrephidae) in the Central Eastern Atlantic". South African Journal of Marine Science. 20 (1): 375–383. doi:10.2989/025776198784126232.
  8. ^ Anne Brieby & Malcolm Jobling (1985). "Predatory Role of the Flying Squid (Todarodes sagittatus) off Northern Norway" (PDF). NAFO Science Council Studies. 9: 125–132.
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European flying squid: Brief Summary ( Inglês )

fornecido por wikipedia EN
dorsal view

The European flying squid (Todarodes sagittatus) is a species of squid from the continental slope and oceanic waters of the eastern Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. It is the type species of the genus Todarodes, the type genus of the subfamily Todarodinae of the pelagic squid family Ommastrephidae. It is a species which is targeted by some fisheries, although it is more often a bycatch.

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Todarodes sagittatus ( Espanhol; Castelhano )

fornecido por wikipedia ES

El Calamar volador europeo, pota común o europea (Todarodes sagittatus) es una especie de molusco cefalópodo de la familia Ommastrephidae.[1]​ Es una especie comestible que también se conoce vulgarmente como volador, canana, lutra o pota negra. Con bajo valor comercial, calamares con valores comerciales más altos son los del género Loligo.

Descripción

Se identifica por un manto largo, aletas cortas, una maza tentacular muy larga (las ventosas ocupan casi toda su extensión). Dáctilo con 4 hileras de ventosas muy pequeñas, presenta una coloración rojo púrpura.

Distribución y hábitat

Habita a unos 800 m de profundidad en los océanos Atlántico y Pacífico (donde alcanza un tamaño de 75 cm) y en el mar Mediterráneo (25 cm). Suele acercarse al litoral durante la noche. Se alimenta de peces, crustáceos e invertebrados.[2]

Referencias

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Todarodes sagittatus: Brief Summary ( Espanhol; Castelhano )

fornecido por wikipedia ES

El Calamar volador europeo, pota común o europea (Todarodes sagittatus) es una especie de molusco cefalópodo de la familia Ommastrephidae.​ Es una especie comestible que también se conoce vulgarmente como volador, canana, lutra o pota negra. Con bajo valor comercial, calamares con valores comerciales más altos son los del género Loligo.

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Todarodes sagittatus ( Francês )

fornecido por wikipedia FR

Todarodes sagittatus est une espèce de calmars de la famille des Ommastrephidae.

Répartition

Cette espèce se rencontre dans l'est de l'Atlantique et en mer Méditerranée, de la surface jusqu'à une profondeur pouvant atteindre 1 000 m[4].

Liste des sous-espèces

Selon World Register of Marine Species (25 février 2016)[5] :

  • sous-espèce Todarodes sagittatus angolensis Adam, 1962

Notes et références

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Todarodes sagittatus: Brief Summary ( Francês )

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Todarodes sagittatus est une espèce de calmars de la famille des Ommastrephidae.

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Lignjun veliki ( Croato )

fornecido por wikipedia hr Croatian

Lignjun veliki (lat. Todarodes sagittatus) ili totanj naš je najveći pripadnik reda Teuthoidea.

Opis i rasprostranjenost

Dubina mora nedovoljno je istražen predjel koji u sebi krije mnoge tajne. Jadranske dubine u svjetskim razmjerima nisu strašne ali da bi ih se bolje upoznalo trebati će još proći određeni period.

Naš najveći pripadnik reda teuthoidea, lignjun veliki naraste do skoro 1,5 metra i težina do 15 kilograma. Jedan od posljednjih pronađenih lignjuna je jedan lignjun pronađen na Talijanskoj plaži i težio je 12 kg.

Odmah u startu razlika između liganja i lignjuna vidljiva je u peraji koja je kod njega trokutasta i kratka, lignja ima peraju dužine 2/3 plašta. Tijelo mu je usko a glava nešto veća od lignje, krakovi su snažniji i duži a dva lovna kraka ne mogu se uvući kao kod lignje i samo dva puta su duži od ostalih krakova. Na njima se nalazi 4 reda prijanjalki.

Lignjun je čest stanovnik Jadrana a što se ide dublje to je češći i veći. Najveći lignjuni nalaze se na područjima preko 500 metara. Zadržava se bliže dnu te se tako puno lakše ulovi koćarskim mrežama. U športskom ribolovu ulovi se rijeko i najčešće mali primjerci koji noću dolaze nešto bliže površini. Veliki primjerci love se peškafondima u ostalim dijelovima Mediterana na velikim dubinama dok se u nas takva praksa ne provodi. Mrijest se odvija u hladnije doba godine, a njegova jajašca ne ostaju na dnu poput lignje već se mogu vidjeti kako plutaju morskom površinom kao želatinasta masa nošena strujama.

Lignjun veliki u ljudskoj prehrani

Često se pojavljuje u prodaji ali nije u gastronomiji cijenjen poput svog rođaka lignje jer mu je meso dosta tvrđe. Kod nekih ljudi zna izazvati i probavne smetnje.

Izvori

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Lignjun veliki: Brief Summary ( Croato )

fornecido por wikipedia hr Croatian

Lignjun veliki (lat. Todarodes sagittatus) ili totanj naš je najveći pripadnik reda Teuthoidea.

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Beitusmokkur ( Islandês )

fornecido por wikipedia IS

Beitusmokkur (Tadarodes sagittatus) er þekktasta tegund smokkfiska við ísland, enda eini þeirra sem eitthvað hefur verið veiddur. Auk beitusmokks eru tíu tegundir smokkfiska tiltölulega algengar við Ísland. Þó hafa um 40 tegundir fundist á íslensku hafsvæði. Til samanburðar má nefna að um 500 tegundir smokka eru þektar í heiminum. Smokkar hafa annaðhvort átta eða tíu arma og lengi vel var þeim skipt í tvo ættbálka eftir því hvor fjöldan þeir höfðu. Nú eru þó ættbálkarnir þrír þar sem smokkar með tíu arma er skipt í tvennt eftir því hvort þeir eru spretthörð upp- og miðsjávardýr (Teuthoidea) eða hægfara botndýr (Sepioidea). Beitusmokkurinn tilheyrir ættbálki Teuthoidea sem kallast á íslenski sundsmokkar. Tíarma tegundir eru mun algengari en áttarma smokkar.

Lýsing

Armar eða fálmarar smokksins eru aðaleinkenni hans. Hjá beitusmokki sitja þeir framan á hausnum og hafa harðar sogskálar allstaðar á þeim, sumar tegundir smokka hafa króka í stað sogskála. Sogskálarnar eru notaðar til að halda bráð þeirra fastri. Tveir armar beitusmokksins eru lengri en hinir átta. Hjá hængunum breytist annar þeirra eða báðir tímabundið í einskonar getnaðarlim. Framan á haus dýrsins er skolturinn. Í honum eru tveir hárbeittir kítingoggar, ekki ólíkir goggum á páfagaukum. Smokkar hafa engin bein en sumstaðar í líkamanum, aðallega í hausnum, má finna brjósk. Hryggjaplatan er aflöng brjóskstoð sem nefnist fjöður. Bolurinn sjálfur er linur en utan um hann er sterk vöðvakápa. Þessi kápa einkennir alla smokkfiska. Hún er vaxin við hann að ofan en lokuð að aftan. Aftast á kápunni eru tvær blöðkur sem mynda tígullaga sporð. Undir kápunni, milli hennar og bolsins, liggja síðan tálknin. Smokkurinn getur dælt sjó inn og út úr kápuholinu. Í opi kápunnar, undir hausnum, er stútur sem smokkurinn getur spýtt sjó út um af miklum krafti. Þannig getur hann farið aftur á bak með miklum hraða. Einnig getur hann blandað svörtum vökva, bleki, í sjóinn og þannig horfið í dökku blekskýi. Smokkar hafa mjög góða sjón en stór augu hans sitja beggja vegna á hausnum.

Líffræði og útbreiðsla

 src=
Útbreiðsla beitusmokks

Beitusmokkurinn er úthafstegund. Hann er mjög hraðvaxta og á sér stuttan æviferil, oft ekki nema tvö ár. Hann er að finna í austanverðu Atlantshafi. Tegundin finnst við Evrópustrendur frá Barentshafi í norðri, meðfram ströndum Afríku allt suður undir miðbaug. Í vestri finnst hún við Ísland, Madeira og Azoreyjar. Einnig er beitusmokkinn að finna í Miðjarðarhafinu. Göngur beitusmokks eru óútreiknanlegar. Sum ár er mikinn beitusmokk að finna við Ísland en önnur ekki neinn. Engar tiltækar skýringar eru á þessu brotthvarfi tegundarinnar. Lítið sem ekkert er vitað um hrygningar beitusmokksins. Vísindamenn hafa sett fram tilgátur um að hrygning þeirra fari fram við landgrunnsbrúnir vestur af Evrópu allt suður til Azoreyja. Einnig hefur Mið-Atlantshafshryggurinn verið nefndur sem líkleg hrygningarslóð. Ekki er vitað hvenær hrygningin fer fram. Vísbendingar benda þó til að hrygning sé mismunandi eftir svæðum og geti jafnvel farið fram stóran hluta ársins.

Saga beitusmokks við Ísland

Beitusmokkurinn er fardýr. Hann gengur að ströndum Íslands í ætisleit um sumar og dvelur við strendur landsins fram eftir hausti. Elstu heimildir um Beitusmokk hér við land eru frá aldamótunum 1700. Þá fannst hann við Vestfirðina. Eins og nafnið gefur til kynna er hann mjög góð beita en miklar fiskigöngur fylgdu oft göngum smokksins. Það var þó ekki fyrr en um 1880 sem íslendingar lærðu að veiða smokkinn á sérstakan smokkfisköngul. Þetta kenndu franskir sjómenn íslendingunum. Algengast var að smokkurinn gengi að landi við vesturland, sérstaklega vestfirðina, en hann fannst þó allstaðar í kringum landið. Göngur beitusmokksins að landinu og veiðar á honum voru lengi reglubundnar en ekki árlegar. Allt til ársins 1966 fóru reglulega fram veiðar á tegundinni en eftir það hefur nánast ekkert verið veitt af henni. Veiðarnar voru aðallega til að afla beitu fyrir eigin báta.

Heimildir

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Beitusmokkur: Brief Summary ( Islandês )

fornecido por wikipedia IS

Beitusmokkur (Tadarodes sagittatus) er þekktasta tegund smokkfiska við ísland, enda eini þeirra sem eitthvað hefur verið veiddur. Auk beitusmokks eru tíu tegundir smokkfiska tiltölulega algengar við Ísland. Þó hafa um 40 tegundir fundist á íslensku hafsvæði. Til samanburðar má nefna að um 500 tegundir smokka eru þektar í heiminum. Smokkar hafa annaðhvort átta eða tíu arma og lengi vel var þeim skipt í tvo ættbálka eftir því hvor fjöldan þeir höfðu. Nú eru þó ættbálkarnir þrír þar sem smokkar með tíu arma er skipt í tvennt eftir því hvort þeir eru spretthörð upp- og miðsjávardýr (Teuthoidea) eða hægfara botndýr (Sepioidea). Beitusmokkurinn tilheyrir ættbálki Teuthoidea sem kallast á íslenski sundsmokkar. Tíarma tegundir eru mun algengari en áttarma smokkar.

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Todarodes sagittatus ( Italiano )

fornecido por wikipedia IT

Il totano[1] (Todarodes sagittatus (Lamarck, 1798)) è un mollusco cefalopode della famiglia Ommastrephidae.[2]

Descrizione

Conosciuto anche con il nome di todaro, è caratterizzato da conchiglia interna, corpo allungato con pinne laterali più corte di quelle del calamaro e localizzate sul fondo della sacca, formanti una punta a lancia.
Possiede 10 arti ricoperti da più file di ventose, di questi 8 sono braccia e 2 tentacoli, di maggiore lunghezza. Può raggiungere il metro di lunghezza e i 15 kg di peso.

Distribuzione e habitat

Vive su fondali sabbiosi. Presente principalmente nell'oceano Atlantico, si trova anche nel mar Mediterraneo e nel mare del Nord[3]

Pesca

Il totano è edibile e viene pescato e commercializzato in vari modi. Le sue carni sono apprezzate in cucina[4].

Note

  1. ^ Decreto Ministeriale n°19105 del 22 settembre 2017 - Denominazioni in lingua italiana delle specie ittiche di interesse commerciale, su politicheagricole.it.
  2. ^ (EN) Todarodes sagittatus, in WoRMS (World Register of Marine Species). URL consultato il 17/5/2020.
  3. ^ Todarodes sagittatus, su Global Biodiversity Information Facility. URL consultato il 19 luglio 2013.
  4. ^ Totano, su pescenostrum.it. URL consultato il 14 aprile 2021.

Bibliografia

  • Trainito, Egidio, Atlante di flora e fauna del Mediterraneo, Milano, Il Castello, 2005, ISBN 88-8039-395-2.

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wikipedia IT

Todarodes sagittatus: Brief Summary ( Italiano )

fornecido por wikipedia IT

Il totano (Todarodes sagittatus (Lamarck, 1798)) è un mollusco cefalopode della famiglia Ommastrephidae.

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Grote pijlinktvis ( Neerlandês; Flamengo )

fornecido por wikipedia NL

De grote pijlinktvis (Todarodes sagittatus) is een soort in de taxonomische indeling van de inktvissen, een klasse dieren die tot de stam der weekdieren (Mollusca) behoort. De inktvis komt enkel in zout water voor en is in staat om van kleur te veranderen. Hij beweegt zich voort door water in zijn mantel te pompen en het er via de sifon weer krachtig uit te persen. De inktvis is een carnivoor en zijn voedsel bestaat voornamelijk uit vis, krabben, kreeften en weekdieren die ze met de zuignappen op hun grijparmen vangen.

De inktvis komt uit het geslacht Todarodes en behoort tot de familie Ommastrephidae. Todarodes sagittatus werd in 1798 beschreven door Lamarck.[1]

Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
  1. World Register of Marine Species, Todarodes sagittatus. Marinespecies.org. Geraadpleegd op 3 oktober 2011.
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Akkar ( Norueguês )

fornecido por wikipedia NO

Akkar (Todarodes sagittatus) er en torpedoformet stimsvømmende tiarmet blekksprut, som i store deler av verden blir brukt til mat. Det er den vanligste blekksprutarten langs norskekysten. I Norge har den mest blitt brukt som agn. Den blir ca. 60 cm lang og lever bare ett år. Akkaren lever i store flokker og beiter på mesopelagiske fiskearter i tillegg til krill, reker og andre arter av blekksprut.[1]

På starten av 1980-tallet var forekomstene så store at blekkspruten var i veien for annet fiske. Det ble forsket intenst på akkaren i denne perioden, før forskerne la ned i 1985. Da forsvant akkaren, som man tror gyter på dypt vann vest for Irland, ettersom det er funnet yngel der.

Referanser

  1. ^ Havforskningsinstituttet om akkar. Besøkt 9. desember 2015.

Eksterne lenker

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Akkar: Brief Summary ( Norueguês )

fornecido por wikipedia NO

Akkar (Todarodes sagittatus) er en torpedoformet stimsvømmende tiarmet blekksprut, som i store deler av verden blir brukt til mat. Det er den vanligste blekksprutarten langs norskekysten. I Norge har den mest blitt brukt som agn. Den blir ca. 60 cm lang og lever bare ett år. Akkaren lever i store flokker og beiter på mesopelagiske fiskearter i tillegg til krill, reker og andre arter av blekksprut.

På starten av 1980-tallet var forekomstene så store at blekkspruten var i veien for annet fiske. Det ble forsket intenst på akkaren i denne perioden, før forskerne la ned i 1985. Da forsvant akkaren, som man tror gyter på dypt vann vest for Irland, ettersom det er funnet yngel der.

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wikipedia NO

Todarodes sagittatus ( Português )

fornecido por wikipedia PT

A pota-europeia (Todarodes sagittatus)[1][2] é uma espécie de molusco pertencente à família Ommastrephidae.

A autoridade científica da espécie é Lamarck, tendo sido descrita no ano de 1798.

Trata-se de uma espécie presente no território português, incluindo a zona económica exclusiva.

Referências

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Todarodes sagittatus: Brief Summary ( Português )

fornecido por wikipedia PT

A pota-europeia (Todarodes sagittatus) é uma espécie de molusco pertencente à família Ommastrephidae.

A autoridade científica da espécie é Lamarck, tendo sido descrita no ano de 1798.

Trata-se de uma espécie presente no território português, incluindo a zona económica exclusiva.

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Todarodes sagittatus ( Sueco )

fornecido por wikipedia SV

Todarodes sagittatus,[4][6][7][10][11] ibland omnämnd som europeisk flygbläckfisk,[12] är en bläckfiskart med förmågan till glidflykt ovanför vattenytan. Den beskrevs första gången av Jean-Baptiste Lamarck 1798. Todarodes sagittatus ingår i släktet Todarodes och familjen Ommastrephidae.[13][14][15] Arten förekommer regelbundet i Sverige, men den reproducerar sig inte här.[15]

Biologi

Denna bläckfisk har en kropp som (hos honor) blir upp till 70 centimeter lång. De tio tentaklerna kan hos stora exemplar sträcka sig 40 centimeter längre ut, medan de två fångsttentaklerna kan bli 50 centimeter långa.[16]

Arten lever i stim. Den rör sig under dagen djupt nere i havet och kommer nattetid upp närmare ytan för att lägga ägg och jaga.[17]

Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.[13]

"Flygförmåga"

Denna och liknande arter är kända för att de ibland använder sin sifon till att skjuta sig upp ur vattnet. Därefter kan de genom att spänna ut tentakler och sidofenor på huvudet hålla sig svävande ovanför vattenytan ett antal meter. Denna glidflykt, som kan jämföras med flygfiskarnas dito, antas ske antingen under flykt undan rovfiskar eller som ett snabbare sätt att ta sig framåt.

Den besläktade arten Todarodes pacificus (ibland benämnd japansk flygbläckfisk) genomför periodiskt flyttningar i grupp över olika delar av Stilla havet och kan göra hopp/glidflykter på upp till 30 meter.[18] Flygsträckor på upp till 20[19] eller 30[16] meter har nämnts för den europeiska arten.

Spridning

Arten förekommer i delar av Atlanten men syns då och då även runt Sveriges kuster, särskilt varma somrar. Sommaren 2018 (då både maj och juni var varmare än normalt) spreds ett antal rapporter om flygbläckfiskar vid den svenska västkusten.[16][17]

Den normala spridningen av denna och besläktade arter är dock längre ut i Atlanten, från utanför Västafrika upp till Svalbard.[16]

Inom den europeiska fiskerinäringen är arten omnämnd under beteckningen flygbläckfisk.[20]

Källor

  1. ^ Rüppell, E. (1844) Intorno ad alcuni cefalopodi del mare di Messina: lettera del Dr. Eduardo Ruppell di Frankfort sul Meno al Prof. Anastasio Cocco, Giornale del Gabinetto Letterario di Messina, 5 (27-28)
  2. ^ Schafer, W. (1938) Die typen de von Ruppell 1844 beschriebenen Cephalopoden, Senckenbergiana, 20 (1/2)
  3. ^ Sweeney, Michael J. and Michael Vecchione (1998) Generic and specific names introduced in the squid family Loliginidae (Cephalopoda: Myopsida), Systematics and Biogeography of Cephalopods. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 586 (I-II)
  4. ^ [a b c d e f] Steenstrup, J. (1880) De Ommatostrephagtige Blaeksprutter indbyrdes Forhold, Oversigt over det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskabs Forhandlinger, 1880
  5. ^ [a b] Rafinesque, C. S. (1814) , Precis des Decouvertes et Travaux Somiologiques de Mr. C.S. Rafinesque-Schmaltz entre 1800 et 1814 ou choix raisonne de ses principales Decouvertes en Zoologie et en Botanique.
  6. ^ [a b c] Lamarck, J. B. (1798) Extrait d'un Memoire sur le genre de la seche, du Calmar et Poulpe, vulgairement nommmes, Polypes de Mer, Bulletin des Sciences, par la Societe Philomatique, 2 (5)
  7. ^ [a b] Lu, C. C., R. Boucher-Rodoni and A. Tillier (1995) Catalogue of types of recent Cephalopoda in the Museum national d'Histoire Naturelle (France), Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, (series 4) 17 (3-4)
  8. ^ [a b] Adam, W., and W. J. Rees (1966) A Review of the Cephalopod family Sepiidae, John Murray Expedition 1933-34, Scientific Reports, 11 (1)
  9. ^ Seba (1758) , Locupletissimi rerum naturalium thesauri accurata descriptio, et iconibus artificiosissimis expressio, per universam physices historiam. 1734-1765
  10. ^ (1996) , database, NODC Taxonomic Code
  11. ^ Sweeney, M. J. and C. F. E. Roper / N. A. Voss, M. Vecchione, R. B. Toll and M. J. Sweeney, eds. (1998) Classification, type localities and type repositories of recent Cephalopoda, Systematics and Biogeography of Cephalopods. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 586 (I-II)
  12. ^ Olsson, Jan (10 juli 2018). ”KING SIZE MAKRILL PÅ GÅNG I VÅRA VATTEN?”. www.vanerblanket.se. http://www.vanerblanket.se/king-size-makrill-pa-gang-i-vara-vatten/. Läst 24 juli 2018.
  13. ^ [a b] Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (red.) (24 april 2011). ”Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist.”. Species 2000: Reading, UK. http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/search/all/key/todarodes+sagittatus/match/1. Läst 24 september 2012.
  14. ^ ITIS: The Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Orrell T. (custodian), 2011-04-26
  15. ^ [a b] Dyntaxa Todarodes sagittatus
  16. ^ [a b c d] Wikman, Anna (10 juli 2018). ”Flygande bläckfiskar på västkusten”. Göteborgs-Posten. http://www.gp.se/nyheter/v%C3%A4stsverige/flygande-bl%C3%A4ckfiskar-p%C3%A5-v%C3%A4stkusten-1.7142812. Läst 24 juli 2018.
  17. ^ [a b] P4 Göteborg (9 juli 2018). ”Flygande bläckfiskar har siktats på Västkusten”. Sveriges Radio. https://sverigesradio.se/sida/artikel.aspx?programid=104&artikel=6995554. Läst 24 juli 2018.
  18. ^ Ozawa, Harumi (8 februari 2013). ”Is it a bird? Is it a plane? No, it's a squid” (på engelska). https://phys.org/news/2013-02-bird-plane-squid.html. Läst 24 juli 2018.
  19. ^ Sverigesradio.se (9 juli 2018). ””Stim med flygbläckfiskar har hittats på Västkusten””. Aftonbladet. https://www.aftonbladet.se/lokala-nyheter/4d846o@ablokal. Läst 24 juli 2018.
  20. ^ ”EUR-Lex - 52000PC0681 - EN - EUR-Lex”. eur-lex.europa.eu. 24 april 2000. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/SV/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52000PC0681. Läst 24 juli 2018.

Externa länkar

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Todarodes sagittatus: Brief Summary ( Sueco )

fornecido por wikipedia SV

Todarodes sagittatus, ibland omnämnd som europeisk flygbläckfisk, är en bläckfiskart med förmågan till glidflykt ovanför vattenytan. Den beskrevs första gången av Jean-Baptiste Lamarck 1798. Todarodes sagittatus ingår i släktet Todarodes och familjen Ommastrephidae. Arten förekommer regelbundet i Sverige, men den reproducerar sig inte här.

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Habitat ( Inglês )

fornecido por World Register of Marine Species
epi-mesopelagic

Referência

van der Land, J. (ed). (2008). UNESCO-IOC Register of Marine Organisms (URMO).

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Jacob van der Land [email]