Halogeton glomeratus (Stephan ex Bieb.) C. A. Mey.

A noxious and toxic weed in disturbed, barren, alkaline soils, Halogeton glomeratus is able to withstand high concentrations of salinity. It is often associated with Sarcobatus vermiculatus and Atriplex confertifolia and is found in the cold deserts of western United States.

The first collection of Halogeton in the United States was by Ben Stahmann in Wells, Nevada, in 1934. It was not until the fall of 1942, when a herder lost 160 sheep, that the species was recognized as toxic to livestock (J. A. Young et al. 1999).

Annual, up to 30 (-40) cm, glabrous except for leaf axils, glaucous, densely branched from the base. Leaves alternate, thick, terete, 3-12 ´ 1-2 mm long, firm, dilated at base and half-clasping, obtuse and terminating in a long caducous bristle with a tuft of long white hairs. Flowering glomerules in the axils of nearly all the leaves; bracteoles ovate. Perianth segments membranous, ovate, becoming oblong in fruit, 1-nerved, with pellucid membranous wings. Stamens united by their filaments into two clusters of 2 or 3, with but one anther to each cluster. Fruit round or round-oval, 1.25-1.75 mm long, with thin membranous whitish pericarp; seeds olivaceous.

Plants 5-30 cm tall. Branches alternate, basal ones subopposite, gray-green, smooth or densely papillate, not arachnoid hairy when young. Leaves 4-12 × 1.5-2 mm, apex aristate awned, awn sometimes deciduous. Flowers usually 4-6 per glomerule. Perianth segments lanceolate, membranous, abaxially 1-veined; abaxial wing semiorbicular, subequal, membranous, distinctly veined, sometimes not developed and then perianth thickened, becoming leathery. Stamens usually 2. Seed vertical. Fl. and fr. Jul-Sep.

Stems: main terminal stem erect, lateral 4 decumbent to spreading from base, 1-4 dm, the 5 stems becoming much branched in vigorous plants. Leaf blades linear, 4-14(-17) mm. Inflorescence: each axillary group typically 3 glomerulate with, 2 lateral bracteate, (1-)2-3-flowered glomerules and a pistillate, 1-flowered, ebracteate one between. Perianth 5-parted from near base, well developed in bisexual flowers, segments differentiated into 2-3 mm claw and 2-4 mm-wide blade; blade flabelliform, firm, transparent-membranous; segments of central flower developing earlier than lateral ones, without blade; stamens 3-5; filaments connate into 2 clusters of 2 or 3. Utricles vertical, dimorphic, associated with 2 types of flowers, lateral ones blackish, 0.5-1 mm, central one brown, 1-2 mm. 2n = 18.

Distribution: C. Asia and N. Pakistan (Karakorum and Himalayas).

introduced; Ariz., Calif., Colo., Idaho, Mont., Nev., N.Mex., Oreg., Utah, Wash., Wyo.; native to Eurasia.

Fl. Per.: June-July.

Flowering Jul-Aug; fruiting fall.

Disturbed, barren, alkaline soils; 1200-2100m.

Gobi desert, foothills, arid slopes. W Gansu, Qinghai, Xinjiang, Xizang [Mongolia, Russia (S Siberia); C Asia; naturalized and highly invasive in SW North America].

Anabasis glomeratus M. Bieb. in Mem. Soc. Imp. Nat. Mosc. 1: 110. 1806; Salsola glomerata Steph. ex Moq. in DC., Prodr. 13,2: 206. 1849.

Anabasis glomerata M. Bieberstein, Mém. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 1: 110. 1808

halogeton
barilla
Aral barilla

Halogeton is a noxious weed in the Pacific Northwest and Intermountain
states, and California, Hawaii, and New Mexico [102].

Halogeton provides poor environmental protection for ungulates, game
birds, and waterfowl in Utah and Wyoming [28]. In these states, it provides
fair protection for small mammals and nongame birds [28].

More info for the term: forb

Halogeton is an exotic succulent annual forb [42,104]. It has a
generalized type of root system; the taproot can penetrate as deep as 20
inches (51 cm), with a radial spread of 18 inches (46 cm) [32]. Many
main stems branch from the base of the plant and are low spreading
before becoming erect [107]. Halogeton can be a few inches high in
dense stands to 2 feet [61 cm] high in widely spaced stands [103,107].
Leaves are small, fleshy, and spine tipped [26,49]. Flowers are
inconspicuous in leaf axils and produce winged black and wingless brown
seeds [26,101].

Halogeton is an introduced species from southeastern Russia and
northwestern China [49,55,98]. In the United States, halogeton is found
in the Rocky Mountain and Great Basin regions and in two disjunct
infestations in Nebraska [30,31,46,71,77,104].

More info for the terms: fire regime, fuel, seed

After halogeton dries, it does not readily decompose, which increases
fuel loads [24]. Dried halogeton is capable of spreading fire; flaming,
wind-thrown plants may enter unburned areas. Halogeton can tumble
across burned areas, spreading seed [109].

FIRE REGIMES :
Find fire regime information for the plant communities in which this
species may occur by entering the species name in the FEIS home page under
"Find FIRE REGIMES".

Prescribed burning will not control halogeton. It colonizes from
off-site, readily invading bare or disturbed soils.

More info on this topic.

More info for the term: therophyte

Therophyte

Halogeton is adapted to alkaline soils and semiarid environments
[47,107]. Halogeton is found from 2,526 to 7,218 feet (770-2,200 m) in
elevation throughout its range [19,38,43,44]. It occurs on soils that
are heavy clays, clay loams, sandy loams, and loamy sands [5,20,27,50].
Although halogeton can occur on many soil types, the sites usually are
saline [63]. Halogeton does best in soils where sodium chloride levels
are 5,800 p/m; increased salt does not increase the water requirements
of halogeton [25]. Soils may or may not have a prominent hardpan;
carbonates accumulate near the soil surface [16]. Soils are light
colored because little humus is present [50,97]. The soil pH ranges
from 8.0 to 9.0 [27,52]. Typically, there are large fluctuations in
daily temperatures [61]. Mean annual temperature is 42 degrees
Fahrenheit (5.5 deg C). The abundance of halogeton depends upon year to
year precipitation, so outbreaks may sporadically appear [4,6,103].
Annual precipitation at most halogeton sites is from 5 to 13 inches
(127-330 mm) [21,50]. Approximately, 60 to 70 percent of precipitation
occurs as snow [21,50].

Halogeton has invaded open or disturbed ground such as dry lakebeds and
rodent workings [4,99]. Halogeton infests domestic stock trails,
overgrazed rangeland, and livestock congregation areas [46,49,71,82,86].
Halogeton invaded the disturbed areas left after dryland farms,
townsites, and mining camps were abandoned in the 1930's [25,33,52,56,
109]. Halogeton occurs in railroad rights-of-way, along road shoulders,
airstrips, and gravel pits [61,67,107].

Associated species, in addition to those previously mentioned (see
Habitat Types), are clasping pepperweed (Lepidium perfoliatum),
povertyweed (Iva axillaris), and bur buttercup (Ranunculus testiculatus)
[38,87]. Common grass associates are Indian ricegrass (Oryzopsis
hymenoides) and bottlebrush squirreltail (Elymus elymoides) [44].
Halogeton occurs with Gardner saltbush (Atriplex gardneri) in Colorado
and Wyoming [5].

More info on this topic.

This species is known to occur in association with the following cover types (as classified by the Society of American Foresters):

238 Western juniper
239 Pinyon - juniper

More info on this topic.

This species is known to occur in the following ecosystem types (as named by the U.S. Forest Service in their Forest and Range Ecosystem [FRES] Type classification):

More info for the term: shrub

FRES29 Sagebrush
FRES30 Desert shrub
FRES33 Southwestern shrubsteppe
FRES40 Desert grasslands

More info on this topic.

This species is known to occur in association with the following plant community types (as classified by Küchler 1964):

K038 Great Basin sagebrush
K040 Saltbush - greasewood
K055 Sagebrush steppe
K056 Wheatgrass - needlegrass shrubsteppe
K057 Galleta - three-awn shrubsteppe

Halogeton is high in oxalates and is a serious health threat to grazing
animals, especially sheep [25,49,55,104,107]. A sheep will be killed by
12 to 18 ounces [0.3-0.5 kg] of halogeton [23]. Symptoms of halogeton
poisoning have been described [70,102]. There is no treatment once an
animal is poisoned [99].

The amount of soluble oxalates in halogeton varies by season, locality,
and part of plant eaten [55]. As a halophyte, halogeton makes excessive
amounts of oxalic acid in response to excessive uptake of sodium ions
[41]. While halogeton is growing, oxalates are highly concentrated; 17
to 30 percent of dry plant weight is soluble oxalates [25,55]. Sheep
can safely consume halogeton after the soluble oxalate concentrations
are reduced through leaf loss or leaching by rain or snow [23,55,109].
Additionally, calcium-fortified pellets have been recommended as
supplements to sheep feeding in halogeton range, to compensate for the
calcium precipitation from the blood by oxalates [23,25,103]. Van Dyne
[103] recommends against using halogeton as forage [103]. However,
other studies indicate that halogeton is useable when it is mixed in
small amounts with other forage [70,96]. Krueger and Sharp [57]
reported that sheep can adapt to halogeton if it is fed to them in
gradually increasing amounts. Adapted sheep can detoxify 75 percent
more oxalate than nonadapted sheep [57].

More info for the terms: codominant, forb, shrub, shrubland, shrubs

Halogeton is typical in disturbed sites in salt-desert shrubland and
surrounding big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) steppe types, and in
transition zones from shadscale (Atriplex confertifolia) to big
sagebrush [9,24,103]. Where halogeton is the dominant forb, shadscale
is the dominant shrub in the salt-desert shrubland; halogeton may also
occur in various associations with other shrubs, such as winterfat
(Ceratoides lanata), bud sagebrush (Artemisia spinescens), greasewood
(Sarcobatus baileyi), and spiney hopsage (Atriplex spinosa) [12,13,14].
Infrequently, halogeton is a dominant understory forb in western juniper
(Juniperus osteosperma) communities. Halogeton occurs as a dominant or
codominant with other annuals, such as cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) and
tansymustards (Descurainia pinnata and D. sofia).

Publications that list halogeton as a dominant forb in habitat types in
Nevada are:

Vegetation and soils of the Crane Springs watershed [12],
Vegetation and soils of the Cow Creek watershed [13],
Vegetation and soils of the Duckwater watershed [14].

More info for the term: forb

Forb

More info for the terms: competition, cover, seed

Halogeton readily invades and dominates rangeland depleted by persistent
and continuous overgrazing [25,53,54,57,93]. Heavy sheep losses from
halogeton poisoning have occurred since 1940 on ranges in Idaho, Nevada,
and Utah [4,15,66,89,91,95]. The rapid spread of halogeton from 1935
through the 1940s, coupled with extensive livestock poisonings, resulted
in the Federal Halogeton Control Act [63].

The best defense against halogeton is a vigorous stand of perennial
range plants and variations in grazing patterns [4,15,47,77,101].
Moderate range use only after the growing season is the wisest halogeton
strategy [54,105]. Efforts must be taken to prevent vegetation
destruction by rodents and rabbits, road construction, surface mining,
or the use of off-road vehicles [15].

Three methods are used to control halogeton [24].

(1) Cultural control: Introduced perennials, such as immigrant kochia
(Kochia prostrata), were planted with successful decrease in halogeton
cover [67,94]. Crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum and A.
desertorum) was seeded extensively in depleted winter rangeland to slow
halogeton growth [65,111,113 but see 64,76]. Crested wheatgrass does
not suffer from halogeton competition, but from the saline-alkaline site
conditions where it occurs [20]. Some hybrids (for example, A.
desertorum cv. Hycrest) can tolerate saline conditions. Asay and
Johnson [3] found that a heavy halogeton infestation was essentially
elimated by year 2 after seeding with Hycrest.

(2) Biological control: A stem-boring moth (Coleophora porthenica) from
Pakistan was released for halogeton control [77]. However, it failed to
establish. The search for a biological control agent continues in
Soviet central Asia [77]. A case-bearing moth (Coleophora
atriplecivora) has been found on halogeton [69]. It is not currently
known what effect it has on halogeton; however, Moore and Stevens [69]
found that the case-bearing moth reduced seed production and foliage in
fourwing saltbush (Atriplex canescens).

Altered grazing practices can slow halogeton spread. Studies showed
that high intensity grazing in early spring (March and April) increased
halogeton cover significantly in Utah [106]. Heavy spring grazing
causes rapid rangeland deterioration [60]. Halogeton was reported to
decrease in Nevada under early (mid-April to mid-June) grazing at
moderate intensity [85].

(3) Chemical control: Halogeton is susceptible in the preflowering
stage to 2,4-D at 2 pounds active ingredients per acre (2.2 kg ai/ha)
[25,37,80]. Approximately 17 percent of the plants survive this rate
[101]. Higher 2,4-D rates of six pounds active ingredient per acre (6.7
kg ai/ha) are recommended to kill all halogeton; however, native plants
are severely impacted [23]. The application of 2,4-D must be repeated
annually for 6 to 10 years after the final halogeton seed crop [99].

Herbicide control is too expensive to be used on low-production ranges
on which halogeton occurs [77,78]. Widespread herbicide control of
halogeton was stopped because land managers did not have desirable
forage to replace halogeton, especially on saline-alkaline soils
[21,66,101].

CA CO ID MT NE NV NM OR UT WY

Palatability is extremely low, and halogeton is seldom eaten by livestock
[24,99]. The palatability of halogeton is listed as poor for ungulates
in Montana, Utah, and Wyoming [28]. In Utah and Wyoming, halogeton
palatability is fair for small mammals, good for game and nongame birds,
and poor for waterfowl [28].

More info on this topic.

More info for the terms: cool-season, warm-season

Depending upon moisture, halogeton seedlings establish from February
through August, with a peak in April [24,99,101]. Halogeton builds its
root system during the cool weather, and topgrows during warmer weather
[54]. Seedlings begin rapid vegetative growth in May [24,109]. Growth
can continue through June; the best halogeton development occurs when
soil temperatures are between 60 and 80 degrees Fahrenheit (15-27 deg C)
[32]. In Utah, halogeton biomass was 4.1 pounds per acre (4.7 kg/ha)
over 5 years [6]. Near the first part of July, the plants cease
vegetative growth and begin reproductive growth [24]. Plants flower
during July and August. Seeds begin to mature late August to early
September and are mature in October [24,25,96]. The frosts in October
and November will kill any plants not yet dried [51]. The majority of
black seeds are dropped by early November; however, brown seeds persist
and may remain on the plant until January or February [24]. Black seeds
may germinate after mid-December under favorable conditions [24].
Halogeton is a winter annual in the broad sense; plants may germinate in
the fall, winter, or spring, depending upon soil moisture [92]. Two
authors [96,103] state that halogeton is a warm-season plant; however,
since vegetative growth usually ceases at the end of June and seedling
establishment occurs predominantly in April, Parker [74] considers it a
cool-season plant.

More info for the term: secondary colonizer

Initial-offsite colonizer (off-site, initial community)
Secondary colonizer - off-site seed

More info for the term: seed

Halogeton can produce 75 seeds per inch (35 seeds per cm) of stem, which
is 200 to 400 pounds of seeds per acre (222-449 kg/ha) [25]. It
produces two types of seeds which are important to its spread and
persistence. The production of brown seed is controlled by long
photoperiods; black seeds are produced during short photoperiods [114].
Black seeds have no dormancy and are viable for 1 year [24,88,114].
Late germinating and maturing plants only make black seeds [25,114].
Brown seeds have a dormancy and can survive buried for up to 10 years
[4,24,25,108]. This allows halogeton to survive during extended drought
periods. Brown seeds readily germinated under moist conditions after a
3-month cold (35 degrees Fahrenheit [5.4 deg C]) treatment [24,88].

Halogeton has many agents of dissemination. Halogeton seeds have a high
degree of viability after passing through the digestive tracts of sheep
and rabbits [24]. Animals are capable of spreading large amounts of
seed great distances; seeds pass with the feces [23,37,63,99].
Halogeton seeds are rapidly spread along roads by road equipment,
especially road graders [24]. Local spread of halogeton is primarily by
the wind [37,99]. Halogeton will break off at ground level when dry and
tumble with the wind, scattering mature seeds [109]. Whirlwinds or
dust-devils will transport dry stems with seeds up to 2 miles (3.2 km)
[24]. Western harvester ants collect seeds [39]. Brown seeds recovered
from anthills gave 5 to 20 percent germination [24].

More info on this topic.

This species can be found in the following regions of the western United States (according to the Bureau of Land Management classification of Physiographic Regions of the western United States):

5 Columbia Plateau
6 Upper Basin and Range
7 Lower Basin and Range
8 Northern Rocky Mountains
9 Middle Rocky Mountains
10 Wyoming Basin
11 Southern Rocky Mountains
12 Colorado Plateau
14 Great Plains
16 Upper Missouri Basin and Broken Lands

More info on this topic.

More info for the terms: climax, competition, succession

Halogeton is a ruderal species that readily invades disturbed,
saline-alkaline ground where other species offer no or little
competition [37,47,74,77,105,107]. Halogeton does not establish in
vigorous competing vegetation because it does not grow a large shoot or
root system early in the growing season [32].

In the alkaline valley soils where halogeton occurs, shadscale
vegetation is considered an edaphic climax [115]. Human use leads to
permanent changes in the flora of disturbed arid environments [56].
After 70 years of grazing on some sites in the Great Basin, halogeton
was dominant on moderately disturbed areas with cheatgrass and shadscale
[56]. Halogeton may permanently change soil surfaces via salt pumping
which impedes moisture infiltration and enhances evaporation [88,105].
In a comparison of plots on areas that were grazed or protected for 15
years, Branson [17] observed that no succession occurred or that it
occurred very slowly.

Cleared big sagebrush areas follow a succession pattern that currently
climaxes in cheatgrass. Nelson and others [72] state that the succession
through introduced annuals to a cheatgrass climax is maintained by fire.
The order of appearance of vegetation changes are Russian thistle
(Salsola kali), tumblemustard (Sisymbrium altissimum), pinnate
tansymustard (Descurainia pinnata), and cheatgrass [112,116]. Young and
others [116] added halogeton to this sequence as an initial invader.
Halogeton is also a part of another seral continuum that climaxes with
medusahead (Taeniatherum caput-medusae) [116].

The currently accepted name of halogeton is Halogeton glomeratus (M.
Bieb.) C. A. Meyer; it is a member of the goosefoot family
(Chenopodiaceae). One author relegates halogeton to synonymy with the
European species, Halogeton sativus (L.) Moq. [98]. However, most
authors recognize halogeton as a separate and distinct species
[30,31,46,49,71,104]. There are no subspecies, varieties, or forms.

More info for the term: reclamation

Halogeton is a noxious weed that must be prevented from establishing on
denuded or disturbed soils in the semiarid shrublands of the western
United States. Halogeton makes an area less favorable for revegetation
with other species; it is difficult to establish desirable plants where
halogeton occurs [59]. At mine reclamation sites, several studies have
measured changes in halogeton establishment or abundance over many years
[2,7,68,75]. One study examined leachate from three levels of halogeton
mulch. They found significant soil alteration: increases in pH,
exchangeable sodium, potassium, magnesium, electrical conductivity, and
decreases in water percolation [25,33]. High salts inhibit
micro-organisms aiding nitrification, which depresses plant growth [33].
Halogeton does not form mycorrhizae and does well in mine spoils with
diluted or eliminated vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae [1,2,7]. Goodman
[42] added nitrogen to enhance native plant production, and halogeton
biomass doubled compared to unfertilized controls.

BOʻZSHOʻRA (Halogeton glomeratus (Bieb.) S.A. Meu.) — shoʻradoshlar oilasiga mansub bir yillik oʻsimlik. Boʻyi 10—40 sm, sershox. Bargi kulrang , kalta, etdor, uchi uzun dagʻal tukli. Gullari mayda, toʻptoʻp boʻlib barg qoʻltigʻiga joylashgan. B. choʻlda, shoʻrxok yerlarda zich oʻsadi. May oyida gullab, sentabrda , mevasi yetiladi. B. bargida oksalat kislotaning kaliy va natriyli tuzlari koʻp boʻlganidan qoʻylar zaharlanadi.

Бага хуш хамхаг - (лат. Halogeton glomeratus), (орос. Галогетон скученный)

Halogeton glomeratus is a species of flowering plant in the family Amaranthaceae known by the common names saltlover, Aral barilla, and halogeton. It is native to Russia, Central Asia and China, but the plant is probably better known in the western United States, where it is an introduced species and a notorious noxious weed. This annual herb is a hardy halophyte, thriving in soils far too saline to support many other plants. It also grows in alkali soils such as those on alkali flats and disturbed, barren habitat. It can be found in sagebrush and shadscale habitat, and it grows well in areas with cold winters.

This plant produces a usually erect stem with several curving branches up to about 25 centimeters (10 in) tall. It has a taproot reaching up to half a meter deep in the soil and many lateral roots. The branches are lined with narrow, fleshy, blue-green leaves each up to about 2 centimeters long tipped with stiff bristles. The inflorescences are located all along the stem branches next to the leaves. Each inflorescence is a small cluster of tiny bisexual and female-only flowers accompanied by waxy bracts. The winged, membranous flowers surround the developing fruit, which is all that remains on the plant when it is ripe, the leaves and flower parts having fallen away. The fruit is a pale cylindrical utricle. The plant produces large amounts of seeds, which are dispersed by many vehicles, including human activity, animals (including ants), water flow, wind, and by being carried on the dry plant when it breaks off at ground level and rolls away as a tumbleweed. The seeds have the ability to germinate within one hour after being exposed to water.

This herb is a pest on rangelands in the western United States. It has a high oxalate content, with up to 30% of the plant's dry weight made up of oxalate crystals, making it toxic to livestock that graze on it. It is especially toxic to sheep, which can be fatally poisoned by as little as twelve ounces (350 g) of the plant. Halogeton was first recognized as a danger to sheep in the 1940s after a rancher lost a herd of 160 sheep to poisoning. The oxalate causes acute hypocalcemia in the sheep, causing them to stagger, spasm, and finally die. Ingestion of a fatal dose of the plant can cause death in a sheep in under 12 hours. Ranchers often provide calcium-supplemented feed to sheep grazing on halogeton-infested land. Sheep are also able to adapt to halogeton in their diets over time, becoming sick from it less easily, and since it is hardly palatable they tend to avoid it in the first place when possible.

Halogeton is also destructive to the land of the American west because its excretion of mineral salts makes it harder for other plants to grow where it occurs. The growth of the plant is controlled by introducing certain nonnative plants, such as immigrant kochia (Kochia prostrata) and crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum), which compete successfully with halogeton. Grazing practices are changed to assure that land is not denuded, since land which is disturbed by overgrazing is susceptible to halogeton invasion.

Halogeton glomeratus là loài thực vật có hoa thuộc họ Dền. Loài này được (M.Bieb.) Ledeb. mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1829.

Международное научное название

Halogeton glomeratus (M.Bieb.) Ledeb., 1829

Систематика
на Викивидах
Изображения
на Викискладе ITIS 20692NCBI 454499EOL 585755GRIN t:311156IPNI 60448682-2TPL kew-2607379

Галоге́тон ску́ченный (лат. Halogéton glomerátus) — травянистое растение, вид рода Галогетон подсемейства Маревые (Chenopodioideae). Типовой вид рода.

Первоначально распространённое на юге Центральной Евразии, в XX веке растение было завезено в Северную Америку, где стало агрессивным инвазивным видом.

Ботаническое описание

Однолетнее травянистое растение с одним основным с четырьмя растопыренными в стороны боковыми стеблями, с возрастом сильно ветвистыми, до 40(60) см высотой, зелёными, затем краснеющими.

Листья сизые, голые, линейные, 3—12(22) мм длиной, очерёдно расположенные вдоль стеблей, мясистые, в основании полустеблеобъемлющие. На тупом конце листа имеется длинная тонкая щетинка, со временем опадающая. В пазухах листьев помимо коротких веточек имеются пучки белых волосков.

Соцветия — клубочки, собранные по три в пазухах листьев. Два боковых клубочка о 2—3 обоеполых цветках, а средний — одноцветковый, пестичный. Прицветнички яйцевидные. Околоцветник плёнчатый, полупрозрачный, пятидольчатый, листочки его с одной средней жилкой, яйцевидные, с ноготком 2—3 мм длиной и вееровидной пластинкой 2—4 мм шириной. Цветок срединного клубочка развивается раньше боковых, листочки его околоцветника мелкие, лишённые пластинки. Тычинки обычно в числе пяти, их нити срастаются в два пучка.

Плоды округлые или широкоэллиптические, покрыты плёнчатым околоплодником. Семя вертикальное, у боковых цветков черноватое, 0,5—1 мм длиной, у срединного цветка коричневое, 1—2 мм длиной. Одно растение может образовывать более ста тысяч семян. Чёрные семена опадают в конце осени и прорастают в следующий же сезон после созревания, а коричневые семена опадают с растения зимой, могут храниться в почве в течение десяти и более лет.

Ядовитое для скота растение, в 1940-х и 1950-х годах причиняло существенные убытки в США вследствие гибели овец. В 1952 году Конгрессом США был издан «Галогетоновый акт», предписывающий обнаруживать наличие галогетона на пастбищах, исследовать его токсические свойства, а также разрабатывать методы контроля и уничтожения растения.

Распространение

Естественный ареал растения — от юго-востока Европейской части России до Монголии и Северо-Западного Китая.

В Северной Америке впервые отмечено в 1934 году в Неваде. К 1980-м годам заняло в США площадь в 45 тысяч квадратных километров.

Встречается в пустынных и солонцеватых степях, на солончаках. Типичный галофит.

Таксономия

Синонимы

• Anabasis glomerata M.Bieb., 1808basionym
• Salsola glomerata (M.Bieb.) Stephan ex Moq., 1849, nom. inval., in syn.

Примечания

Галоге́тон ску́ченный (лат. Halogéton glomerátus) — травянистое растение, вид рода Галогетон подсемейства Маревые (Chenopodioideae). Типовой вид рода.

Первоначально распространённое на юге Центральной Евразии, в XX веке растение было завезено в Северную Америку, где стало агрессивным инвазивным видом.

盐生草（学名：Halogeton glomeratus）为苋科盐生草属的植物。分布于中亚地区、蒙古、西伯利亚以及中国大陆的新疆、青海、西藏、甘肃等地，生长于海拔500米至4,200米的地区，多生长在山脚及戈壁滩。