dcsimg

Distribution in Egypt ( Inglês )

fornecido por Bibliotheca Alexandrina LifeDesk

Nile region, oases, Mediterranean region and Sinai.

licença
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Bibliotheca Alexandrina
autor
BA Cultnat
fornecedor
Bibliotheca Alexandrina

Global Distribution ( Inglês )

fornecido por Bibliotheca Alexandrina LifeDesk

Pantropical weed.

licença
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Bibliotheca Alexandrina
autor
BA Cultnat
fornecedor
Bibliotheca Alexandrina

Habitat ( Inglês )

fornecido por Bibliotheca Alexandrina LifeDesk

Weed of cultivation.

licença
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Bibliotheca Alexandrina
autor
BA Cultnat
fornecedor
Bibliotheca Alexandrina

Life Expectancy ( Inglês )

fornecido por Bibliotheca Alexandrina LifeDesk

Annual.

licença
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Bibliotheca Alexandrina
autor
BA Cultnat
fornecedor
Bibliotheca Alexandrina

Comments ( Inglês )

fornecido por eFloras
Common in plains and hills up to 1500 m, as a weed on cultivated ground and fallow lands in moist shady place.

This is another species of Corchorus which is extensively cultivated in most tropical countries especially Indian Bengal and Bangla Desh for the commercial jute fibres obtained from the sclerenchymatous lignified secondary phloem elements. The fibre and pith are used for the same purpose as Corchorus capsularis Linn. The plant is used in West Africa and Sudan as a pot herb. The leaves are useful in chronic cystitis, gonorrhoea and dysuria and their infusion is given as tonic and febrifuge. The seeds have purgative properties and the fruit contains ascorbic acid. (Vit. C.).

licença
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
citação bibliográfica
Flora of Pakistan Vol. 0: 30 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
fonte
Flora of Pakistan @ eFloras.org
editor
S. I. Ali & M. Qaiser
projeto
eFloras.org
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
eFloras

Description ( Inglês )

fornecido por eFloras
An erect, subglabrous, annual or biennial, up to 3 m tall (in cultivation). Stem basally woody, branched. Leaves 3-5-costate, lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, 2.2-9 cm long, 1.8-4.2 cm broad, glabrous except the scattered hairy veins, serrate, basal serratures prolonged into filiform deflexed appendages, acute or acuminate; petiole 1-3.2 cm long, hairy; stipules subulate, 8-12 mm long. Cyme 1 or 2-flowered, antiphyllous, shortly pedunculate. Flowers yellow, 12-15 mm across; subsessile; bracts subulate, 4-5 mm long. Sepals linear-oblong, 5-7 mm long, 1.5-3 mm broad, keeled, caudate, somewhat bullate outside. Petals oblanceolate, 7-8 mm long, 2.5-4 mm broad, hairy at the base, obtuse. Stamens numerous, somewhat united at the base, filaments 6-7 mm long; anthers subglobose. Carpels 5; ovary cylindric, subsulcate, 5-loculed, thinly hairy; style short, stigma 5-lobed, minutely papillate. Capsules 1 or 2 together, 2-7.2 cm long, with 4-5 mm long, entire beak, c. 4-5 mm across, 10-angled, glabrous, 5-loculed, locules transversely septate. Seeds greenish-black, triangular, ovate, c. 2 mm long.
licença
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
citação bibliográfica
Flora of Pakistan Vol. 0: 30 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
fonte
Flora of Pakistan @ eFloras.org
editor
S. I. Ali & M. Qaiser
projeto
eFloras.org
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
eFloras

Description ( Inglês )

fornecido por eFloras
Herbs woody, 1-3 m tall. Stipule ovate-lanceolate, ca. 1 cm; petiole 0.8-3.5 cm, puberulent; leaf blade oblong-lanceolate, 7-10 × 2-4.5 cm, glabrous, basal veins 5, lateral veins 7-10 pairs, base rounded, margin serrulate, apex acuminate. Flowers solitary or 1-3 arranged in cymes, axillary, opposite to leaves; peduncle and pedicel short. Sepals oblong, hairy at base,
apex long awned. Petals oblong, as long as or slightly shorter than sepals, stalked at base; stalk ciliate. Stamens on very short androgynophore, glabrous. Ovary 5-loculed, hairy; style glabrous; stigma disk-shaped, lobed. Capsule cylindrical, slightly curved, 10-angled, robust, 5-6-valved, 3-8 cm, apex beaked, with single awn. Seeds obconic, slightly angled, separated by septum. Fl. summer-autumn.
licença
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
citação bibliográfica
Flora of China Vol. 12: 249, 250 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
fonte
Flora of China @ eFloras.org
editor
Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven & Hong Deyuan
projeto
eFloras.org
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
eFloras

Distribution ( Inglês )

fornecido por eFloras
Subtropical Himalaya, India. Jute, cultivated in tropical countries.
licença
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
citação bibliográfica
Annotated Checklist of the Flowering Plants of Nepal Vol. 0 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
fonte
Annotated Checklist of the Flowering Plants of Nepal @ eFloras.org
autor
K.K. Shrestha, J.R. Press and D.A. Sutton
projeto
eFloras.org
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
eFloras

Distribution ( Inglês )

fornecido por eFloras
Distribution: A native of the Indo-Pakistan subcontinent, now widespread throughout the world in tropical countries and north Australia, either by cultiva¬tion or as escape.
licença
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
citação bibliográfica
Flora of Pakistan Vol. 0: 30 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
fonte
Flora of Pakistan @ eFloras.org
editor
S. I. Ali & M. Qaiser
projeto
eFloras.org
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
eFloras

Elevation Range ( Inglês )

fornecido por eFloras
700-1200 m
licença
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
citação bibliográfica
Annotated Checklist of the Flowering Plants of Nepal Vol. 0 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
fonte
Annotated Checklist of the Flowering Plants of Nepal @ eFloras.org
autor
K.K. Shrestha, J.R. Press and D.A. Sutton
projeto
eFloras.org
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
eFloras

Habitat & Distribution ( Inglês )

fornecido por eFloras
Cultivated, weed of disturbed areas. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Hunan, Jiangxi, Yunnan [widely distributed throughout tropics].
licença
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
citação bibliográfica
Flora of China Vol. 12: 249, 250 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
fonte
Flora of China @ eFloras.org
editor
Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven & Hong Deyuan
projeto
eFloras.org
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
eFloras

Description ( Inglês )

fornecido por Flora of Zimbabwe
Robust erect annual herb, up to 2 m tall. Leaves ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate, up to 10 × 5 cm, thinly textured, mostly hairless on both surfaces; margins crenate-serrate. Flowers in 2-3 flowered axillary clusters, yellow, c. 1.4 cm in diameter; sepals linear, pointed, as long as the petals. Fruit a 10-ribbed cylindric capsule, splitting into 5 valves, straight or slightly curved, more or less appressed to the stem, up to 8 cm long with a straight apical beak.
licença
cc-by-nc
direitos autorais
Mark Hyde, Bart Wursten and Petra Ballings
citação bibliográfica
Hyde, M.A., Wursten, B.T. and Ballings, P. (2002-2014). Corchorus olitorius L. Flora of Zimbabwe website. Accessed 28 August 2014 at http://www.zimbabweflora.co.zw/speciesdata/species.php?species_id=138310
autor
Mark Hyde
autor
Bart Wursten
autor
Petra Ballings
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
Flora of Zimbabwe

Worldwide distribution ( Inglês )

fornecido por Flora of Zimbabwe
Pantropical. Cultivated in Asia for its "Jute" fibres.
licença
cc-by-nc
direitos autorais
Mark Hyde, Bart Wursten and Petra Ballings
citação bibliográfica
Hyde, M.A., Wursten, B.T. and Ballings, P. (2002-2014). Corchorus olitorius L. Flora of Zimbabwe website. Accessed 28 August 2014 at http://www.zimbabweflora.co.zw/speciesdata/species.php?species_id=138310
autor
Mark Hyde
autor
Bart Wursten
autor
Petra Ballings
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
Flora of Zimbabwe

Distribution ( Espanhol; Castelhano )

fornecido por IABIN
Chile Central
licença
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Universidad de Santiago de Chile
autor
Pablo Gutierrez
site do parceiro
IABIN

Uzunmeyvəli cut ( Azerbaijano )

fornecido por wikipedia AZ

Uzunmeyvəli cut (lat. Corchorus olitorius)[1]cut cinsinə aid bitki növü.[2]

Mənbə

  1. Nurəddin Əliyev. Azərbaycanın dərman bitkiləri və fitoterapiya. Bakı, Elm, 1998.
  2. Elşad Qurbanov. Ali bitkilərin sistematikası, Bakı, 2009.
Inula britannica.jpeg İkiləpəlilər ilə əlaqədar bu məqalə qaralama halındadır. Məqaləni redaktə edərək Vikipediyanı zənginləşdirin.
licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Vikipediya müəllifləri və redaktorları
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia AZ

Uzunmeyvəli cut: Brief Summary ( Azerbaijano )

fornecido por wikipedia AZ

Uzunmeyvəli cut (lat. Corchorus olitorius) — cut cinsinə aid bitki növü.

licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Vikipediya müəllifləri və redaktorları
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia AZ

Jute d'Aràbia ( Catalão; Valenciano )

fornecido por wikipedia CA
 src=
Les fulles de la mlokhiya són un ingredient molt apreciat a la cuina de certs països àrabs
 src=
Flor del jute d'Aràbia
 src=
Corchorus olitorius

El jute d'Aràbia, mulukhiyya (àrab: ملوخية), malukhiyah o mlokhiya (Corchorus olitorius) és una planta conreada de la família Malvaceae.

Descripció

Arbust originari del subcontinent indi, actualment es conrea principalment a l'Europa sud-oriental i el Pròxim Orient.

És una planta anual de fins a 2,5 m d'alçada, tija rígida i fibrosa d'uns 2 cm de diàmetre, fulles peciolades amb limbe triangular de fins a 14 cm de llargada i 5 cm d'amplada.

El fruit és una càpsula cilíndrica, més allargada que la de Corchorus capsularis, l'altra espècie de jute.

Usos

És una de les dues espècies principals de plantes[1] que s'utilitzen per la seva fibra tèxtil que rep el nom de jute.

Gastronomia

Les fulles de mlokhiya (ملوخية) es fan servir com aliment a la cuina d'alguns països de l'Orient Pròxim i de l'Àfrica del Nord, on el jute d'Aràbia es cultiva com a hortalissa.

Les fulles d'aquesta planta són l'ingredient principal de certes especialitats culinàries a les gastronomies tradicionals de Tunísia, on es coneix com a mloukhiya, de l'Egipte, Síria el Líban i Jordània. Tenen una textura suau i mucilaginosa, similar a l'ocra que agrada molt a certs paladars.[2]

Vegeu també

Referències

  1. Rosa Codina Esteve, Procediments pictòrics: experimentació amb el material
  2. Karakiya - Mlokhiah

Enllaços externs

En altres projectes de Wikimedia:
Commons
Commons (Galeria)
Commons
Commons (Categoria) Modifica l'enllaç a Wikidata
licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Autors i editors de Wikipedia
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia CA

Jute d'Aràbia: Brief Summary ( Catalão; Valenciano )

fornecido por wikipedia CA
 src= Les fulles de la mlokhiya són un ingredient molt apreciat a la cuina de certs països àrabs  src= Flor del jute d'Aràbia  src= Corchorus olitorius

El jute d'Aràbia, mulukhiyya (àrab: ملوخية), malukhiyah o mlokhiya (Corchorus olitorius) és una planta conreada de la família Malvaceae.

licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Autors i editors de Wikipedia
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia CA

Langkapselige Jute ( Alemão )

fornecido por wikipedia DE
 src=
Corchorus olitorius

Die Langkapselige Jute (Corchorus olitorius) – deutsch auch Muskraut oder Gemüsejudenpappel, arabisch ملوخية mulūchiya, DMG mulūḫiya, im deutschen Handel meist unter der Bezeichnung Molokhia, ist eine Faser- und Gemüsepflanze aus der Familie der Malvengewächse.

Beschreibung

Die Langkapselige Jute ist eine einjährige, krautige Pflanze, die Wuchshöhen von bis zu 2,50 Meter erreicht. Die Blätter sind elliptisch bis schmal-elliptisch oder länglich-eiförmig bis eiförmig und papierartig, am Ansatz abgerundet, zur Spitze hin spitz zulaufend, die deutlich hervortretende Nervatur ist behaart. Sie sind 4,5 bis 14 Zentimeter lang und 1 bis 5 Zentimeter breit, die Ränder sind gezähnt, die beiden Zähnungen am Ansatz sind verlängert zu bis zu 2,3 Zentimeter langen Borsten, der Blattstiel ist 1,4 bis 5 Zentimeter lang und auf der Oberseite mit borstigen Haaren bedeckt. Das 0,5 bis 1,6 Zentimeter lange Nebenblatt ist unbehaart.

Der Blütenstand ist ein ein- bis zwei-, selten dreiblütiges Faszikel, der Blütenstandsschaft ist bis zu 2 Millimeter lang und unbehaart, die Tragblätter sind bis zu 3 Millimeter lang und unbehaart. Die fünf Kelchblätter sind 5 bis 8,5 Millimeter lang und 1,5 bis 3 Millimeter breit am Rand des Ansatzes bewimpert. Die fünf Kronblätter sind 5 bis 7 Millimeter lang und 1–2 Millimeter breit, blass gelb, umgekehrt-lanzettlich und am Ansatz kurz genagelt, der Nagel ist bewimpert.

Der Fruchtknoten ist zylindrisch und bis zu 3,5 Millimeter lang. Die zylindrische, zehngerippte Kapsel steht gerade bis leicht gebogen auf einem aufrechten Fruchtstiel, ist 2 bis 8 Zentimeter lang und 0,4 bis 0,7 Zentimeter breit. Die Samen sind kantig, 1,5 bis 2 Millimeter lang, unregelmäßig gerippt und schwarz.

Die Chromosomenzahl beträgt 2n = 14.[1]

Verbreitung

Die Art ist pantropisch verbreitet. Ihre Heimat ist zumindest Pakistan und Indien.[2]

Nutzung in der Küche

In der Arabischen Küche wird die Pflanze für ein weit verbreitetes Gericht verwendet (Muluchiya).

Literatur

  • C. Whitehouse, M. Cheek, S. Andrews & B. Verdcourt: Tiliaceae. In: Flora of Tropical East Africa, Vol. 101, 2001

Einzelnachweise

  1. Corchorus olitorius bei Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis..
  2. Corchorus im Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Abgerufen am 14. Juni 2017.
licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Autoren und Herausgeber von Wikipedia
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia DE

Langkapselige Jute: Brief Summary ( Alemão )

fornecido por wikipedia DE
 src= Corchorus olitorius

Die Langkapselige Jute (Corchorus olitorius) – deutsch auch Muskraut oder Gemüsejudenpappel, arabisch ملوخية mulūchiya, DMG mulūḫiya, im deutschen Handel meist unter der Bezeichnung Molokhia, ist eine Faser- und Gemüsepflanze aus der Familie der Malvengewächse.

licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Autoren und Herausgeber von Wikipedia
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia DE

Katilpung babai ( Pampango )

fornecido por wikipedia emerging languages

thumb|Corchorus olitorius

Ing katilpung babai (Corchorus olitorius), a Tossa jute king Ingles, metung yang species ning tanaman a kayabe king familia Malvaceae. Isipan dang katutubu ya o nativo king India, a ya muring diling manimunang panibatan na niti king yatu. Gagamitan de antimong pikukuanan lambal (fiber), ampo king pamaglutu. Gagamitan murin iti antimong yerba o herb king Africa ampong Kalibudtang Aslagan (Middle East), nung nu re gagamitang potherb a ausan dang "molokhiya" (ملوخية). Sikat ya iti kareng aliwang bangsang Arabu anti king Egypt, Jordan, ampong Syria antimong lutung sopas, a neng kai abayan dang carni king nasi ampong lentil. King Libru nang Job, king likas a King James ning Biblia, babanggitan ne ining gule antimong "Jew's mallow".[1] It is high in protein, vitamin C, beta-carotene, calcium, and iron.

Dalerayan

  1. AFPD, 2008. African Flowering Plants Database - Base de Donnees des Plantes a Fleurs D'Afrique.
  2. Baillon, H. 1882-1894. Liste de plantes de Madagascar. Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris 1: 330–1199 (sporadic pagination). View in Biodiversity Heritage Library
  3. Balick, M. J., M. H. Nee & D. E. Atha 2000. Checklist of the vascular plants of Belize. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 85: i–ix, 1-246.
  4. Capuron, R. 1963. Revision de Tiliacees de Madagascar et des Comores (1re partie). Adansonia, n.s. 3: 91–129.
  5. CONABIO, 2009. Catálogo taxonómico de especies de México. Cap. nat. México 1.
  6. Gibbs Russell, G. E, W. G. Welman, E. Reitief, K. L. Immelman, G. Germishuizen, B. J. Pienaar, M. van Wyk & A. Nicholas (PRECIS) 1987. List of species of southern African plants. Mem. Bot. Surv. S. Africa 2(1–2): 1–152(pt. 1), 1–270(pt. 2).
  7. Whitehouse, C., M. Cheek, S. Andrews & B. Verdcourt 2001. Tiliaceae & Muntingiaceae. Fl. Trop. E. Africa 1–120.

licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Wikipedia authors and editors
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia emerging languages

Katilpung babai: Brief Summary ( Pampango )

fornecido por wikipedia emerging languages

thumb|Corchorus olitorius

Ing katilpung babai (Corchorus olitorius), a Tossa jute king Ingles, metung yang species ning tanaman a kayabe king familia Malvaceae. Isipan dang katutubu ya o nativo king India, a ya muring diling manimunang panibatan na niti king yatu. Gagamitan de antimong pikukuanan lambal (fiber), ampo king pamaglutu. Gagamitan murin iti antimong yerba o herb king Africa ampong Kalibudtang Aslagan (Middle East), nung nu re gagamitang potherb a ausan dang "molokhiya" (ملوخية). Sikat ya iti kareng aliwang bangsang Arabu anti king Egypt, Jordan, ampong Syria antimong lutung sopas, a neng kai abayan dang carni king nasi ampong lentil. King Libru nang Job, king likas a King James ning Biblia, babanggitan ne ining gule antimong "Jew's mallow". It is high in protein, vitamin C, beta-carotene, calcium, and iron.

licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Wikipedia authors and editors
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia emerging languages

पटसन ( Hindi )

fornecido por wikipedia emerging languages
 src=
जूट (पटसन) के पौधे (कॉर्कोरस ओलिटोरिअस (Corchorus olitorius) तथा कॉर्कोरस कैप्सुलारिस (Corchorus capsularis))

पटसन, पाट या पटुआ एक द्विबीजपत्री, रेशेदार पौधा है। इसका तना पतला और बेलनाकार होता है। इसके तने से पत्तियाँ अलग कर पानी में गट्ठर बाँधकर सड़ने के लिए डाल दिया जाता है। इसके बाद रेशे को पौधे से अलग किया जाता है। इसके रेशे बोरे, दरी, तम्बू, तिरपाल, टाट, रस्सियाँ, निम्नकोटि के कपड़े तथा कागज बनाने के काम आता है।

'जूट' शब्द संस्कृत के 'जटा' या 'जूट' से निकला समझा जाता है। यूरोप में 18वीं शताब्दी में पहले-पहल इस शब्द का प्रयोग मिलता है, यद्यपि वहाँ इस द्रव्य का आयात 18वीं शताब्दी के पूर्व से "पाट" के नाम से होता आ रहा था।

पटसन के पौधे

पटसन के रेशे दो प्रकार के जुट के पौधों से प्राप्त होते हैं। ये पौधे टिलिएसिई (Tiliaceae) कुल के कौरकोरस कैप्सुलैरिस (Corchorus capsularis) और कौरकोरस ओलिटोरियस (Oolitorius) हैं और रेशे के लिये दोनों ही उगाए जाते हैं। पहले प्रकार की फसल कुल वार्षिक खेती के 3/4 भाग में और दूसरे प्रकार की फसल कुल खेती के शेष 1/4 भाग में होती है। ये प्रधानता भारत और पाकिस्तान में उपजाए जाते हैं।

कैप्सुलैरिस कठोर होता है और इसकी खेती ऊँची तथा नीची दोनों प्रकार की भूमियों में होती है जब कि ओलिटोरियस की खेती केवल ऊँची भूमि में होती है। कैप्सुलैरिस की पत्तियाँ गोल, बीज अंडाकार गहरे भूरे रंग के और रेशे सफेद पर कुछ कमजोर होते हैं, जब कि ओलिटोरियस की पत्तियाँ वर्तुल, सूच्याकार और बीज काले रंग के होते हैं और रेशे सुंदर सुदृढ़ पर कुछ फीके रंग के। कैप्सुलैरिस की किस्में फंदूक, घालेश्वरी, फूलेश्वरी, देसीहाट, बंबई डी 154 और आर 85 हैं तथा ओलिटोरियस की देसी, तोसाह, आरथू और चिनसुरा ग्रीन हैं। बीज से फसल उगाई जाती है। बीज के लिये पौधों को पूरा पकने दिया जाता है, पर रेशे के लिये पकने के पहले ही काट लिया जाता है।

पटसनकी खेती

 src=
पटसन का खेत

भारत के बंगाल, बिहार, उड़ीसा, असम और उत्तर प्रदेश के कुछ तराई भागों में लगभग 16 लाख एकड़ भूमि में जूट की खेती होती है। इससे लगभग 38 लाख गाँठ (एक गाँठ का भार 400 पाउंड) जूट पैदा होता है। उत्पादन का लगभग 67 प्रति शत भारत में ही खपता है। 7 प्रति शत किसानों के पास रह जाता है और शेष ब्रिटेन, बेल्जियम जर्मनी, फ्रांस, इटली और संयुक्त राज्य, अमरीका, को निर्यात होता है। अमरीका, मिस्र, ब्राज़िल, अफ्रीका, आदि अन्य देशों में इसके उपजाने की चेष्टाएँ की गईं, पर भारत के जूट के सम्मुख वे अभी तक टिक नहीं सके।

जूट की खेती गरम और नम जलवायु में होती है। ताप 25-35 सेल्सियस और आपेक्षिक आर्द्रता 90 प्रतिशत रहनी चाहिए। हलकी बलुई, डेल्टा की दुमट मिट्टी में खेती अच्छी होती है। इस दृष्टि से बंगाल का जलवायु इसके लिये सबसे अधिक उपयुक्त है। खेत की जुताई अच्छी होनी चाहिए। प्रति एकड़ 50 से 100 मन गोबर की खाद, या कंपोस्ट और 400 पाउंड लकड़ी या घास पात की राख डाली जाती है। पुरानी मिट्टी में 30-60 पाउंड नाइट्रोजन दिया जा सकता है। कुछ नाइट्रोजन बोने के पहले और शेष बीजांकुरण के एक सप्ताह बाद देना चाहिए। पोटाश और चूने से भी लाभ होता है। नीची भूमि में फरवरी में और ऊँची भूमि में मार्च से जुलाई तक बोआई होती है। साधारणतया छिटक बोआई होती है। अब ड्रिल का भी उपयोग होने लगा है। प्रति एकड़ 6 से लेकर 10 पाउंड तक बीज लगता है।

पौधे के तीन से लेकर नौ इंच तक बड़े होने पर पहले गोड़ाई की जाती है। बाद में दो या तीन निराई और की जाती है। जून से लेकर अक्टूबर तक फसलें काटी जाती हैं। फूल झर जाने तथा फली निकल आने पर ही फसल काटनी चाहिए। अन्यथा देर करने से पछेती कटाई से रेशे मजबूत, पर भद्दे और मोटे हो जाते हैं और उनमें चमक नहीं होती। बहुत अगेती कटाई से पैदावार कम और रेशे कमजोर होते हैं।

भूमि की सतह से पौधे काट लिए जाते हैं। कहीं कहीं पौधे आमूल उखाड़ लिए जाते हैं। ऐसी कटी फसल को दो तीन दिन सूखी जमीन में छोड़ देते हैं, जिससे पत्तियाँ सूख या सड़ कर गिर पड़ती हैं। तब डंठलों को गठ्ठरों में बाँधकर पत्तों, घासपातों, मिट्टी आदि से ढँककर छोड़ देते हैं। फिर गठ्ठरों से कचरा हटाकर उनकी शाखादार चोटियों को काटकर निकाल लेते हैं। अब पौधे गलाए जाते हैं। गलाने के काम दो दिन से लेकर एक मास तक का समय लग सकता है। यह बहुत कुछ वायुमंडल के ताप और पानी की प्रकृति पर निर्भर करता है। गलने का काम कैसा चल रहा है, इसकी प्रारंभ में प्रति दिन जाँच करते रहते हैं। जब देखते है कि डंठल से रेशे बड़ी सरलता से निकाले जा सकते हैं तब डंठल को पानी से निकाल कर रेशे अलग करते और धोकर सुखाते हैं।

रेशा निकालने वाला पानी में खड़ा रहकर, डंठल का एक मूठा लेकर जड़ के निकट वाले छोर को छानी या मुँगरी से मार मार कर समस्त डंठल छील लेता है। रेशा या डंठल टूटना नहीं चाहिए। अब वह उसे सिर के चारों ओर घुमा घुमा कर पानी की सतह पर पट रख कर, रेशे को अपनी ओर खींचकर, अपद्रव्यों को धोकर और काले धब्बों को चुन चुन कर निकाल देता है। अब उसका पानी निचोड़ कर धूप में सूखने के लिये उसे हवा में टाँग देता है। रेशों की पूलियाँ बाँधकर जूट प्रेस में भेजी जाती हैं, जहाँ उन्हें अलग अलग विलगाकर द्रवचालित दाब (Hydraulic press) में दबाकर गाँठ बनाते हैं। डंठलों में 4.5 से 7.5 प्रति शत रेशा रहता है।

जूट : पटसनके रेशे

 src=
जूट को सुखाया जा रहा है।

ये साधारणतया छह से लेकर दस फुट तक लंबे होते हैं, पर विशेष अवस्थाओं में 14 से लेकर 15 फुट तक लंबे पाए गए हैं। तुरंत का निकाला रेशा अधिक मजबूत, अधिक चमकदार, अधिक कोमल और अधिक सफेद होता है। खुला रखने से इन गुणों का ह्रास होता है। जूट के रेशे का विरंजन कुछ सीमा तक हो सकता है, पर विरंजन से बिल्कुल सफेद रेशा नहीं प्राप्त होता। रेशा आर्द्रताग्राही होता है। छह से लेकर 23 प्रति शत तक नमी रेशे में रह सकती है।

जूट की पैदावार, फसल की किस्म, भूमि की उर्वरता, अंतरालन, काटने का समय आदि, अनेक बातों पर निर्भर करते हैं। कैप्सुलैरिस की पैदावार प्रति एकड़ 10-15 मन और ओलिटोरियस की 15-20 मन प्रति एकड़ होती है। अच्छी जोताई से प्रति एकड़ 30 मन तक पैदावार हो सकती है।

जूट के रेशे से बोरे, हेसियन तथा पैंकिंग के कपड़े बनते हैं। कालीन, दरियाँ, परदे, घरों की सजावट के सामान, अस्तर और रस्सियाँ भी बनती हैं। डंठल जलाने के काम आता है और उससे बारूद के कोयले भी बनाए जा सकते हैं। डंठल का कोयला बारूद के लिये अच्छा होता है। डंठल से लुगदी भी प्राप्त होती है, जो कागज बनाने के काम आ सकती है।

बाहरी कड़ियाँ

संस्थाएँ

licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
विकिपीडिया के लेखक और संपादक
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia emerging languages

पटसन: Brief Summary ( Hindi )

fornecido por wikipedia emerging languages
 src= जूट (पटसन) के पौधे (कॉर्कोरस ओलिटोरिअस (Corchorus olitorius) तथा कॉर्कोरस कैप्सुलारिस (Corchorus capsularis))

पटसन, पाट या पटुआ एक द्विबीजपत्री, रेशेदार पौधा है। इसका तना पतला और बेलनाकार होता है। इसके तने से पत्तियाँ अलग कर पानी में गट्ठर बाँधकर सड़ने के लिए डाल दिया जाता है। इसके बाद रेशे को पौधे से अलग किया जाता है। इसके रेशे बोरे, दरी, तम्बू, तिरपाल, टाट, रस्सियाँ, निम्नकोटि के कपड़े तथा कागज बनाने के काम आता है।

'जूट' शब्द संस्कृत के 'जटा' या 'जूट' से निकला समझा जाता है। यूरोप में 18वीं शताब्दी में पहले-पहल इस शब्द का प्रयोग मिलता है, यद्यपि वहाँ इस द्रव्य का आयात 18वीं शताब्दी के पूर्व से "पाट" के नाम से होता आ रहा था।

licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
विकिपीडिया के लेखक और संपादक
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia emerging languages

Saluyot ( Bcl )

fornecido por wikipedia emerging_languages

 src=
Saluyot na may bunga
 src=
Lubid na jute hale sa saluyot

An saluyot (Corchorus olitorius; Ingles, Jute mallow o nalta jute, o inaapod man "Jew's mallow", "tossa jute", "bush okra", "krinkrin", "molokhia", asin "West African sorrel", apwera pa kan mga lokal na pangaran kaini, sarong species nin sadit na tinanom sa pamilyang Malvaceae. Ini an mayor na pigkukuan kan inaapod na jute fiber dawa totoo an Corchorus capsularis saro pa man na pigkukuan awat na jute. An mga dahon kaini asin mga prutas ginigibo man berdura sa pagluto na sinabawan. An mga pinaalang na dahon nasisirbing tsa asin pampalipotok sa mga sopa. Siring man, an mga pisog kaini pwedeng kakanon.[2]

Pinaghalean

An tinanom na ini (Corchorus olitorius) daing gayo madeterminaran kun gikan sa Aprika o Asya. An ibang mga may pagka-aram sinasabing tal na tubo ini sa Indo-Burmang lugar o hale pang Indya. Alagad an totoo, haloy na ining kinukultibar sa duwang kontinenteng ini.

An tinanom

An Corchorus olitorius sarong tisong tinanom na herbal, nagsasanga-sanga man asin nalangkaw nag'aabot saro may kabangang metro (1.5 m). Kun ini pinapatalubo bilang pagkuahan nin mga awat, naabot ining langkaw na apat na metro (4 m). An kahawakan niya pusog asin mayong hibo, na an kolor nagbeberde na igwang pula-kayumanggihon na lahid asin minsan an sa poon kaini natagas-tagas na pangahoy. An mga dahon may pinong gari'gi' na nalaba 6 abot 10 sentimetro, may lakbang 2 abot 4 na sentimetro. Ini may prutas na saradit, matilaba na nasukol 2 abot 8 sm sa laba asin nakolor abohon-asul, o berde, o kayumanggihon-itom. Lambang pitak sa pisog igwang 25 abot 40ng tu'lang na sa kagabosan pwedeng magsuma nin 125-200 na pisog sa lambang prutas.

Awat kan saluyot

An mga nasyon nin Indya, Bangladesh asin ibang lugar pa sa Asya nagpoprodusyer nin jute hale sa mga awat kan ubak nin Corchorus capsularis asin Corchorus Olitorius, an huri totoo medyo maluya an kalidad kan awat. An mga awat naghihitsurang mala-sedang buru-bulawan asin igwang laba abot 3 metro. An pinutol kaining kahawakan inaagi sa pirisan ngane magkaparasa-pasa, magkabaraak. Dangan ini binubuntog sa tubig ngani magtukal sa mga awat an mga dukot na pirinong kahoy-kahoy. Hinuhugay ini ngarig mapaluwas an malinig asin pinong mga awat, saka ini binabalad sa saldang.

An duwang nasyon na may pinakamakusog na produksyon sa Corchorus Olitorius iyo an Indya asin Bangladesh. Igdi naghahale an mga produktong jute.

Dakul an napapaluwas na produkto kaini: torsido, pisi, sakong kostura, panhapin sa alpombra, kurtina, papel na magaspang, bag, tela asin mga lubid na panggakot. Sinasabing sa ibang parte kan Aprika asin Tangang Subangan, sarong klaseng tinanom an pinag'aataman na an mayor na tuyo iyo an paggutol kan mga dahon asin ogbos kaini bilang pagkakan, mantang an awat mayong importansya igdi.[3]

Mga gamit sa pagkakan asin medisina herbal

An saluyot haloy nang ginagamit komo berdura, bulong asin bahog sa hayop sa Antigong Ehipto. Ini dusok sa mga bitamina arog kan bitamina A, B, asin E. Orog pa, pano man ini nin mga mineral na calcium, phosphorous asin iron.[4]. Huli kaini, popular na gulayon sa dakul na parte kan Ehipto, the Levant, Arabia asin kahiwasan kan Tangang Subangan na dara an manlaenlaen na pangaran kan giso depende sa lugar. An mga dahon kaini, oras na linuto, nataong madamilot na saro-sarsa arog kan linutong okra. An madamilay na sopa igdi pwedeng mananalean an bagohan, alagad, sa haloy nang nagkakan kaini, sinasabing an gisong saluyot may mapresko, mana'gom na namit.[5][6]

An dahon saluyot pampaihi, panlahid sa kublit, pamaghat, pampurga, asin pamparahay sa raot an tulak. Bulong man ini sa mga kulog-kulog, asin mga yaya, bulong man sa almoranas asin mga tumor. An ginaga kaini nakakapagana sa apetito asin kusog hawak.[7][8]

Toltolan

  1. "The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species". http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2736427. Retrieved on 21 May 2015.
  2. [1]pfaf.org. Kinua 10-10-18
  3. [2]books.google.com. Kinua 10-10-18
  4. [3] link.sprionger.com. Kinua 2108-10-12
  5. [4]pfaf.org. Kinua 10-10-18
  6. [5]www.herbs-info.com. Kinua 10-10-18
  7. [6]www.sciencedirect.com. Kinua 2018-10-12
  8. [7]www.stuartxchange.org. Kinua 2018-10-12
licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Wikipedia authors and editors
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia emerging_languages

Saluyot: Brief Summary ( Bcl )

fornecido por wikipedia emerging_languages
 src= Saluyot na may bunga  src= Lubid na jute hale sa saluyot

An saluyot (Corchorus olitorius; Ingles, Jute mallow o nalta jute, o inaapod man "Jew's mallow", "tossa jute", "bush okra", "krinkrin", "molokhia", asin "West African sorrel", apwera pa kan mga lokal na pangaran kaini, sarong species nin sadit na tinanom sa pamilyang Malvaceae. Ini an mayor na pigkukuan kan inaapod na jute fiber dawa totoo an Corchorus capsularis saro pa man na pigkukuan awat na jute. An mga dahon kaini asin mga prutas ginigibo man berdura sa pagluto na sinabawan. An mga pinaalang na dahon nasisirbing tsa asin pampalipotok sa mga sopa. Siring man, an mga pisog kaini pwedeng kakanon.

licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Wikipedia authors and editors
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia emerging_languages

Corchorus olitorius ( Inglês )

fornecido por wikipedia EN

Jute mallow or nalta jute (Corchorus olitorius, also known as "Jew's mallow",[2] "tossa jute", "bush okra", "krinkrin", "etinyung", "mulukhiyah", ademe [adémé, in Togo] and "West African sorrel", among many other local names, often invoking the most important traits[3]) is a species of shrub in the family Malvaceae. Together with C. capsularis it is the primary source of jute fiber.[4][5] The leaves and young fruits are used as a vegetable, the dried leaves are used for tea and as a soup thickener, and the seeds are edible.[4]

Origin and history

It is unclear whether Corchorus olitorius originated in Africa or in Asia. Some authorities consider that it comes from the Indo-Burmese area or from India, along with several other related species. Others point out that there is a greater genetic variation in Africa and a larger number of wild species in the genus Corchorus. Wherever it originated, it has been under cultivation for a very long time in both continents and probably grows, wild or as a crop, in every country in tropical Africa.[6]

In classical antiquity, Pliny recorded that jute plants were used as food in Ancient Egypt.[7] It may have also been cultivated by the Jews in the Near East, which gives the plant its name.[7]

Botany

Corchorus olitorius is an erect herbaceous plant, fairly branched and grows about 1.5 m high. However, if grown for fibre production, it can reach heights up to 4 m. The taproot leads to a sturdy and hairless stem, which is green with a faint red-brownish hue and sometimes turns a little woody on ground level. The serrate acute leaves alternate, are 6 to 10 cm long and 2 to 4 cm wide. The plant carries the flowers solitary or in two-flowered cymes opposite of the leaf. The flowers sit on the end of a short stem, count 5 sepals, 5 petals and 10 free and yellow stamina. The fruit is spindle-shaped, dehiscent and divided into transversal sections through five valves. The fruit measures 2 to 8 cm in length and colors vary from greyish-blue to green or brownish-black. Every seed chamber contains 25 to 40 seeds, which sum up to 125 to 200 seeds per fruit.[5][8]

Cultivation

Corchorus olitorius is an annual crop. The plant grows well in the lowland tropics, ranging from warm temperate zones through tropical desert to wet forest life zones. It can tolerate an annual precipitation between 400 and 4290 mm (optimum 1000 mm per year[9]). Some cultivars are sensitive to waterlogging, especially when they are young.[10] Temperatures between 16.8 and 27.5 °C are optimal for the plant growth.[2][11] For the soil a pH of 4.5 to 8.2 is needed.[2][11] The plant prefers a fertile, humus-rich, well-drained alluvial soil but also grows well in suboptimal soil conditions.[12] Before sowing, the soil is prepared carefully by plowing and the seeds are broadcast or dribbled behind the plow in the wet season. Twenty-four hours before seeding, the seeds must be pre-soaked for ten seconds in hot water (around 93 °C[13]) to overcome dormancy.[14] If the small seeds are mixed with sand, it makes it easier to sow them.[9] And if the soil is wet, germination takes place two to three days after sowing. In some systems, the seedlings are transplanted at a height of 10 cm.[9] The plants are grown in rows with a spacing of 20–50 cm. When the plant achieves a height of 8–25 cm, the seedlings are harrowed with a rake three to four times and weeded two to three times.[10] Cow dung, wood ashes or rotted water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) or its ashes are used as manure.[10] The yield of the crop responds more to water availability and soil organic matter than to high mineral nutrient status.[14]

Plant protection

The most serious pests are nematodes from the genus Meloidogyne, leaf-eating beetles and caterpillars. If it is dry, eight to ten weeks after planting, yield losses can occur due to leaf bugs and spider mites attacks resulting in terminal shoot wilt. Damage by nematodes can be minimized by crop rotation. Application of insecticides is also possible, but agent and application time should be chosen carefully since the leaves are harvested for consumption.[15] Attacks were also observed by weevils species (Myllocerus spp.), semilooper (Anomis sabulifera), and yellow mites (Polyphagotarsonemus latus).[10] Diseases (bacterial and viruses infections) are not as serious as pests (insect and nematode attacks). Seedling damp-off occurs but can be reduced by good drainage and cultivation in humus-rich soils with adequate water holding capacity. Attacks by Sclerotium rolfsii in dry weather of the late season can lead to wilts at the stem collar.[15] Anthracnose spots caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides may infect the crop but can be easily controlled by spraying copper oxychloride.[16]

Harvest and yield performance

Harvest can begin after about six weeks:[9] The whole plant can be directly harvested (for jute production) or leaves are harvested by pruning several times during the vegetation period (for food production). The shoot regeneration highly depends on variety, soil fertility, adequate water supply and control of weeds and pests. Amount of pruned shoots and quality reduces with each harvest. Under farming conditions the yield usually reaches around 2.5 t per hectare of edible leaves. Under experimental conditions and with very high fertility application, yields of about 28 t per hectare have been reported.[14]

Post harvest and propagation

For fresh consumption the leaves should be stored above 8 °C and below 15 °C. Low temperatures from 1-8 °C lead to browning of the leaves and too high storage temperatures are manifested in leaf yellowing.[17] To produce seeds, the fruits can be harvested six weeks after flowering. The dried capsules are threshed and can be stored for eight to twelve months in well sealed jars.[9][14] For storage, the moisture should be around nine percent.[14]

Biochemistry

Leaves

Leaves of Corchorus olitorius are mainly known to have rich sources of many chemical compounds. There are 17 active nutrients compounds in Jute leaves including protein, fat, carbohydrate, fiber, ash, calcium, potassium, iron, sodium, phosphorus, beta-carotene, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin and ascorbic acid.[18]

Seeds

According to a comparative analysis of major nutrients of Corchorus olitorius seeds showed that the protein content of the Corchorus olitorius has significantly increased after seed germination process where the sugar level has decreased in the studied seeds.[19] It can be seen from this study that the level of nutrients in the Corchorus olitorius seed changes during the germination process.

Future prospects

C. olitorius could be grown in a floating system with nutrient solution and could produce baby leaves, which would be interesting for the fresh cut leafy vegetable industry in Europe.[20]

Uses

Fibre and textile use

Jute fibre is made from the bark tissue of C. olitorius and C. capsularis, especially in South Asian countries, though fibre made from C. olitorius is considered to be of lesser quality. Finished fibres appear golden and silky with a length of up to 3 metres and with a diameter of 2.4 µm.[21] The plant stalk is cut and then processed by pulling up, rippling, partial retting, breaking, spinning and combing to obtain fine fibres that are well separated from unwanted woody material. Afterwards the fibres are cured and dried.

Many textiles are made of jute, such as yarn, twine, sacking, carpet backing cloth and other blended textiles. It is also used as raw material for cords and strings.[22]

In Africa and the Middle East, a different type is grown with the leaves and shoots being used for food while the fibre is considered of little importance.[6]

Culinary use

C. olitorius is cultivated in Syria, Lebanon and Egypt as a potherb and its culinary use goes back at least as far as the Ancient Egyptians.[7] It is an important leafy vegetable in Côte d'Ivoire, Benin, Nigeria, Ghana, Cameroon, Sudan, Uganda, Kenya and Zimbabwe. It is also cultivated and eaten in the Caribbean and Brazil, in the Middle East and in India, Bangladesh, Japan and China. Its leaves are a special favourite of the Boros of northeast India, who make a mucilaginous preparation with its dried leaves mixed with fatty pork and lye called narji. In Nigeria, the leaves are boiled to make a sticky, mucilaginous sauce which is served with balls of cassava which are otherwise rather dry.[6] In Vietnamese cuisine, it known as rau đay and made into a soup with shrimp.

Nutrition

The edible part of jute is its leaves. Richness in potassium, vitamin B6, iron, vitamin A and vitamin C make this crop particularly important, where people cover a high share of their energy requirement by micronutrient-poor staple crops. This vegetable is predominantly eaten in Africa and Asia. A traditional Syrian, Lebanese, Tunisian, Turkish Cypriot, Jordanian and Egyptian dish made of C. olitorius leaves is mulukhiyah.

Medicinal aspects

Consumption of the leaves is reported to be demulcent, deobstruent, diuretic, lactagogue, purgative, and tonic. It is also a folk remedy for aches and pains, dysentery, enteritis, fever, pectoral pains, and tumors.[23][24] Ayurvedics use the leaves for ascites, pain, piles, and tumors. Elsewhere the leaves are used for cystitis, dysuria, fever, and gonorrhea. The cold infusion is said to restore the appetite and strength.[25] It can act anti-inflammatory,[26] and it has gastroprotective properties.[26]

Gallery

See also

References

  1. ^ "The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species". Retrieved 21 May 2015.
  2. ^ a b c Duke, James A. (1979-01-01). "Ecosystematic Data on Economic Plants". Quarterly Journal of Crude Drug Research. 17 (3–4): 91–109. doi:10.3109/13880207909065158. ISSN 0033-5525.
  3. ^ Nyadanu, D.; Amoah, R. Adu; Kwarteng, A. O.; Akromah, R.; Aboagye, L. M.; Adu-Dapaah, H.; Dansi, A.; Lotsu, F.; Tsama, A. (2017-08-01). "Domestication of jute mallow (Corchorus olitorius L.): ethnobotany, production constraints and phenomics of local cultivars in Ghana". Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution. 64 (6): 1313–1329. doi:10.1007/s10722-016-0438-4. ISSN 0925-9864. S2CID 20350644.
  4. ^ a b "Plants for future".
  5. ^ a b World weeds : natural histories and distribution. Holm, LeRoy G. New York: Wiley. 1997. ISBN 9780471047018. OCLC 34114783.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  6. ^ a b c Grubben, G. J. H. (2004). Vegetables. PROTA. ISBN 9789057821479.
  7. ^ a b c Pieroni, Andrea (2005). Prance, Ghillean; Nesbitt, Mark (eds.). The Cultural History of Plants. Routledge. p. 31. ISBN 0415927463.
  8. ^ "Corchorus olitorius - TILIACEAE". idao.cirad.fr. Retrieved 2017-12-03.
  9. ^ a b c d e "Food Plants international".
  10. ^ a b c d "Corchorus olitorius".
  11. ^ a b Duke, J. A. (1978). "The quest for tolerant germplasm [Agricultural crops, resistance, ecosystematics]". ASA Special Publication American Society of Agronomy. 32.
  12. ^ Buchanan, Rita (1987). A weaver's garden. Interweave Press.
  13. ^ Oladiran, Johnson A. (1986). "Effect of stage of harvesting and seed treatment on germination, seedling emergence and growth in Corchorus olitorius 'Oniyaya'". Scientia Horticulturae. 28 (3): 227–233. doi:10.1016/0304-4238(86)90004-x.
  14. ^ a b c d e Akoroda, M. O. (1988). "Cultivation of jute (Corchorus olitorius L.) for edible leaf in Nigeria". Tropical Agriculture. 65: 297–299.
  15. ^ a b van Epenhuijsen, C.W. (1974). Growing native vegetables in Nigeria. Rome: FAO-UN. pp. 55–57.
  16. ^ ICAR (1973). The jute - Annual report -1970. The Jute Agricultural Research Institute.
  17. ^ Tulio, Artemio Z; Ose, Kimiko; Chachin, Kazuo; Ueda, Yoshinori (2002). "Effects of storage temperatures on the postharvest quality of jute leaves (Corchorus olitorius L.)". Postharvest Biology and Technology. 26 (3): 329–338. doi:10.1016/s0925-5214(02)00065-0.
  18. ^ Islam, Mahbubul (2013). "Biochemistry , Medicinal and Food values of Jute (Corchorus capsularis L. and C . olitorius L.) leaf : A Review" (PDF). International Journal of Enhanced Research in Science Technology & Engineering. 2 (11): 35–44. S2CID 212450773. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-02-18.
  19. ^ Shambhu, Vidya; Thakur, Abhay (2019). "Laboratory and field performance of manual seed drill for sowing jute and tiny seeds". Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 89: 129–132.
  20. ^ Giro, Andrea; Ferrante, Antonio (2016-11-01). "Yield and quality of C. olitorius baby leaf grown in a floating system". The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology. 91 (6): 603–610. doi:10.1080/14620316.2016.1200955. ISSN 1462-0316. S2CID 88947425.
  21. ^ Carus, Michael (2008). "Studie zur Markt- und Konkurrenz - situation bei Naturfasern und NaturfaserWerkstoffen". Gülzower Fachgespräche.
  22. ^ "Future Fibres: Jute". fao.org. Retrieved 2017-12-03.
  23. ^ Duke, James (1981). Medicinal plants of the world.
  24. ^ List, PH (1979). Hager's Handbuch der pharmazeutischen Praxis. Berlin.
  25. ^ Nyadanu, D.; Lowor, S. T. (2015-01-01). "Promoting competitiveness of neglected and underutilized crop species: comparative analysis of nutritional composition of indigenous and exotic leafy and fruit vegetables in Ghana". Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution. 62 (1): 131–140. doi:10.1007/s10722-014-0162-x. ISSN 0925-9864. S2CID 17750223.
  26. ^ a b Handoussa, Heba; Hanafi, Rasha; Eddiasty, Islam; El-Gendy, Mohamed; Khatib, Ahmed El; Linscheid, Micheal; Mahran, Laila; Ayoub, Nahla (2013). "Anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities of dietary phenolics isolated from C. olitorius and Vitis vinifera". Journal of Functional Foods. 5 (3): 1204–1216. doi:10.1016/j.jff.2013.04.003.

licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Wikipedia authors and editors
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia EN

Corchorus olitorius: Brief Summary ( Inglês )

fornecido por wikipedia EN

Jute mallow or nalta jute (Corchorus olitorius, also known as "Jew's mallow", "tossa jute", "bush okra", "krinkrin", "etinyung", "mulukhiyah", ademe [adémé, in Togo] and "West African sorrel", among many other local names, often invoking the most important traits) is a species of shrub in the family Malvaceae. Together with C. capsularis it is the primary source of jute fiber. The leaves and young fruits are used as a vegetable, the dried leaves are used for tea and as a soup thickener, and the seeds are edible.

licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Wikipedia authors and editors
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia EN

Corchorus olitorius ( Espanhol; Castelhano )

fornecido por wikipedia ES
 src=
Corchorus olitorius

Corchorus olitorius, es una especie de planta perteneciente a la familia de las malváceas. Es una variedad afro-árabe. En Cuba se la conoce como gregue y gringuele.[1]

Descripción

Es un arbusto originario del subcontinente indio, actualmente se cultiva principalmente en la Europa sudoriental y el Oriente Próximo.

Es una planta anual que alcanza los 2,5 metros de altura, con el tallo rígido y fibrosa de unos 2 cm de diámetro, hojas pecioladas con limbo triangular de hasta 14 cm de longitud y 5 cm de ancho. El fruto es una cápsula cilíndrica, más alargada que la de Corchorus capsularis, la otra especie de yute.

Usos

Es una de las dos especies principales de plantas que se utilizan por su fibra textil que recibe el nombre de yute.

Es muy popular por sus hojas que se utilizan como un ingrediente en una hortaliza mucilaginosa llamada molokhiya (ملوخية, palabra de etimología incierta), popular en ciertos países árabes. El Libro de Job (Job 6:6) en la Biblia hebrea menciona a esta hortaliza bajo la denominación de "insípido" (o "desabrido" en traducciones antiguas) y quizá de ahí su nombre como la malva Judía en lengua popular.

La fibra de yute es más suave, sedosa, y más fuerte que el yute blanco. Esta variedad mostró sorprendentemente buena sostenibilidad en el clima del delta del Ganges. Junto con el yute blanco, también ha sido cultivado en Bengala, donde se le conoce como paat desde el principio del siglo XIX. En la actualidad, la región de Bengala (Bengala Occidental, India y Bangladés) es el mayor productor mundial de la variedad de yute Tossa.

Referencias

  1. Colmeiro, Miguel: «Diccionario de los diversos nombres vulgares de muchas plantas usuales ó notables del antiguo y nuevo mundo», Madrid, 1871.

 title=
licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Autores y editores de Wikipedia
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia ES

Corchorus olitorius: Brief Summary ( Espanhol; Castelhano )

fornecido por wikipedia ES
 src= Corchorus olitorius

Corchorus olitorius, es una especie de planta perteneciente a la familia de las malváceas. Es una variedad afro-árabe. En Cuba se la conoce como gregue y gringuele.​

licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Autores y editores de Wikipedia
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia ES

Corète potagère ( Francês )

fornecido por wikipedia FR

Corchorus olitorius

La Corète potagère ou jute rouge (Corchorus olitorius L.) est une espèce de plantes dicotylédones de la famille des Malvacées (anciennement rangée dans les Tiliaceae) originaire d'Asie et Afrique subsaharienne[2]. Cette espèce est cultivée dans les régions chaudes pour les fibres libériennes de ses tiges servant à confectionner de la toile de jute. Elle est aussi cultivée comme plante alimentaire.

Son nom est parfois orthographié « corette » ou « corette potagère ». Un autre nom vernaculaire en français est la « mauve des Juifs ».

Parmi les nombreuses espèces du genre Corchorus (sous-famille des Grewioideae, famille des Malvacées, ou des Tiliacées selon la classification classique), deux plantes herbacées sont appelées jute :

Au sens légal, « le jute est la fibre textile provenant du liber du Corchorus olitorus et du Corchorus capsularis »[5].

Nomenclature et étymologie

La présente espèce a été nommée Corchorus olitorus par Linné en 1753 dans Species Plantarum 1: 529–530[6].

Le nom de genre Corchorus est un emprunt au grec χορχορος chorchoros « corette, jute », en latin, l'encyclopédiqte romain, Pline, indique que la chorchorus est mangée communément pas les Égyptiens (HN, 21, 89; 183).

L’épithète spécifique olitorus est un adjectif latin signifiant « qui concerne les légumes », dérivé du nom latin olus « légume, herbe potagère ».

Le nom français jute est emprunté (en 1849) à l’anglais jute, lui-même emprunté au bengali jhōto, jhuto, du sanskrit jūta, variante de jatā « tresse de cheveux »[7].

Noms vernaculaires

Chanvre de Calcutta, Corète capsulaire, Corète textile, Gooni, Jute à capsules globuleuses, Jute à fruit capsulaire[8].

Synonymes

Selon POWO[2], les synonymes sont

  • Corchorus catharticus Blanco
  • Corchorus decemangularis Roxb. ex G.Don
  • Corchorus lanceolatus G.Don
  • Corchorus longicarpus G.Don
  • Corchorus malchairii De Wild.
  • Corchorus olitorius var. australiensis Domin
  • Corchorus quinquelocularis Moench

Description

Corchorus olitorius est une herbe ligneuse, de 1 à 3 m de haut.

La feuille comporte des stipules ovales-lancéolés, d’environ 1 cm, un pétiole de 0,8 à 3,5 cm et un limbe oblong-lancéolé, de 7–10 cm de long sur 2–4,5 cm de large. à bord denté[9].

La fleur est solitaire ou en cyme par 2-3, axillaire, opposée aux feuilles, avec des sépales oblongs et un apex longuement aristé, 5 pétales jaunes, a peu près aussi long que les sépales, plus de 15 étamines sur une tige très courte (androgynophore), l’ovaire possède 5 loges, poilu, et un style glabre.

Le fruit est une capsule cylindrique (à la différence de C. capsularis, le jute blanc, dont la capsule est globuleuse), à 10 angles, robuste, à 5-6 valves de 3–8 cm, et apex à bec.

La floraison a lieu en été et automne[9].

Distribution

Corchorus olitorius est originaire d’Afghanistan, Pakistan, Inde, Iran, Chine, Asie du Sud-Est, Afrique subsaharienne (sauf Afrique du Sud)[2].

L’espèce a été introduite en Afrique du Nord, en Arabie saoudite, au Brésil SE, au Pérou, à Cuba, dans île Maurice et La Réunion[2].

Elle est cultivée dans de nombreuses régions du monde.

Usages

On la cultive dans le sud de l'Europe comme plante textile, notamment pour la fabrication de toile de jute (tige), et comme plante alimentaire (feuilles).

En Afrique et au Proche-Orient, elle est cultivée pour son utilisation en cuisine, tandis qu'en Asie, elle est davantage employée comme fibres de jute.

En France, elle a été utilisée jusqu'au XVIIIe siècle avant d'être abandonnée.

Fibres de jute

La fibre de jute est extraite des tiges de Corchorus olitorius et Corchorus capsularis.

Ces espèces sont largement cultivées en Inde et au Bangladesh pour leurs fibres.

À la fin du XIXe siècle et au XXe siècle, la toile de jute a servi a fabriquer des sacs de transport pour des denrées alimentaires comme le blé, les pommes de terres, le café, cacao, riz etc.

Alimentation

Molokheya Makhrata.jpg

Ses feuilles sont utilisées en cuisine dans de nombreux pays d'Afrique de l'Ouest, du Maghreb, de la Caraibes (Haiti notamment dans le Département de l'Artibonite, ou il est appelé lalo) et du Moyen-Orient, à la base du plat du même nom (mloukhiya) dans les cuisines, tunisienne, l'Algérie, égyptienne, syrienne, libanaise, levantine, ou dans la cuisine ivoirienne (kplala ou kolala, nanounkoun) ou encore togolaise et malienne. Au nord du Mali, les sonrais l'appellent fakouhoy et le plat est devenu très répandu[pas clair] à travers le pays.

La plante et ses feuilles sont appelées adèmè au Togo, nin-nouwi au Bénin, éwédù au Nigéria, 'Lalo" en Haîti et mulūḫiyyah (ملوخية) en arabe, sauf en Algérie et au Maroc où le terme mloukhiya désigne une autre plante comestible, le gombo (Abelmoschus esculentus, famille des Malvaceae). Les feuilles de corète sont aussi consommées en Asie, notamment au Japon, où elles sont nommées en cuisine moroheiya (モロヘイヤ) ou shimatsunaso (シマツナソ). Les feuilles séchées et moulues sont utilisées comme épice.

Références

  1. IPNI. International Plant Names Index. Published on the Internet http://www.ipni.org, The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Harvard University Herbaria & Libraries and Australian National Botanic Gardens., consulté le 13 juillet 2020
  2. a b c et d (en) Référence Plants of the World online (POWO) : Corchorus olitorius L.
  3. Fibre du futur : jute, FAO
  4. Jute, FAO
  5. Légifrance, Annexe I (abrogé au 30 juillet 1998), Arrêté du 2 mai 1988 portant dénomination et description des fibres textiles et taux conventionnels à utiliser pour le calcul des pourcentages en fibres textiles
  6. Référence Biodiversity Heritage Library : 358548#page
  7. Alain Rey (direction), Marianne Tomi, Tristan Hordé, Chantal Tanet, Alain Rey, Dictionnaire historique de la langue française, Tomes I et II, Le Robert, 2016
  8. Corchorus capsularis, base Khartasia du Centre de Recherche sur la Conservation des Collections (CRCC) du CNRS, et du MNHN
  9. a et b (en) Référence Flora of China : Corchorus olitorius L

licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Auteurs et éditeurs de Wikipedia
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia FR

Corète potagère: Brief Summary ( Francês )

fornecido por wikipedia FR

Corchorus olitorius

La Corète potagère ou jute rouge (Corchorus olitorius L.) est une espèce de plantes dicotylédones de la famille des Malvacées (anciennement rangée dans les Tiliaceae) originaire d'Asie et Afrique subsaharienne. Cette espèce est cultivée dans les régions chaudes pour les fibres libériennes de ses tiges servant à confectionner de la toile de jute. Elle est aussi cultivée comme plante alimentaire.

Son nom est parfois orthographié « corette » ou « corette potagère ». Un autre nom vernaculaire en français est la « mauve des Juifs ».

Parmi les nombreuses espèces du genre Corchorus (sous-famille des Grewioideae, famille des Malvacées, ou des Tiliacées selon la classification classique), deux plantes herbacées sont appelées jute :

Le jute blanc, Corchorus capsularis L. Le jute rouge ou jute tossa, Corchorus olitorius L. (corète potagère), un peu moins utilisé,.

Au sens légal, « le jute est la fibre textile provenant du liber du Corchorus olitorus et du Corchorus capsularis ».

licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Auteurs et éditeurs de Wikipedia
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia FR

Afriski konopjowc ( Sorábio superior )

fornecido por wikipedia HSB

Afriski konopjowc (Corchorus olitorius) je štom ze swójby šlězowych rostlinow (Malvaceae) (prjedy lipowych rostlinow (Tiliaceae)).

Wopis

Stejnišćo

Rozšěrjenje

Wužiwanje

Žórła

  • Brankačk, Jurij: Wobrazowy słownik hornjoserbskich rostlinskich mjenow na CD ROM. Rěčny centrum WITAJ, wudaće za serbske šule. Budyšin 2005.
  • Kubát, K. (Hlavní editor): Klíč ke květeně České republiky. Academia, Praha (2002)
  • Lajnert, Jan: Rostlinske mjena. Serbske. Němske. Łaćanske. Rjadowane po přirodnym systemje. Volk und Wissen Volkseigener Verlag Berlin (1954)
  • Rězak, Filip: Němsko-serbski wšowědny słownik hornjołužiskeje rěče. Donnerhak, Budyšin (1920)

Eksterne wotkazy

 src= Commons: Corchorus olitorius – Zběrka wobrazow, widejow a awdiodatajow
licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Wikipedia authors and editors
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia HSB

Afriski konopjowc: Brief Summary ( Sorábio superior )

fornecido por wikipedia HSB

Afriski konopjowc (Corchorus olitorius) je štom ze swójby šlězowych rostlinow (Malvaceae) (prjedy lipowych rostlinow (Tiliaceae)).

licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Wikipedia authors and editors
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia HSB

Corchorus olitorius ( Latin )

fornecido por wikipedia LA

Corchorus olitorius (binomen a Carolo Linnaeo anno 1753 statutum), Latinitate communi melochia[1] appellata, est species plantarum ex Africa boreo-orientali ut videtur oriunda quae hominibus variis modis utilis est, tam fibris textilibus quam foliis amaris edulibus et medicinalibus.

Notae

Bibliographia

 src=
Corchorus olitorius
Fontes antiquiores

Nexus externi

Commons-logo.svg Vicimedia Communia plura habent quae ad Corchorus olitorius spectant.
Wikispecies-logo.svg Vide "Corchorus olitorius" apud Vicispecies. Wikidata-logo.svg Situs scientifici: TropicosGRINITISPlant ListNCBIBiodiversityEncyclopedia of LifePlant Name IndexPlantes d'AfriqueFlora of ChinaINPN FranceUSDA Plants Database
licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Et auctores varius id editors
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia LA

Corchorus olitorius: Brief Summary ( Latin )

fornecido por wikipedia LA

Corchorus olitorius (binomen a Carolo Linnaeo anno 1753 statutum), Latinitate communi melochia appellata, est species plantarum ex Africa boreo-orientali ut videtur oriunda quae hominibus variis modis utilis est, tam fibris textilibus quam foliis amaris edulibus et medicinalibus.

licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Et auctores varius id editors
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia LA

Mulukhiyah ( Malaio )

fornecido por wikipedia MS

Mulukhiyah (Arab: ملوخية‎) atau bayam Yahudi ialah sejenih tumbuhan berdaun daripada spesies Corchorus. Ia banyak digunakan sebagai sayuran makanan di Timur Tengah, Afrika Timur dan Utara, dan Asia Selatan.[1] Ia terkenal di kalangan orang Arab dan Yahudi dan lazimnya disertakan dalam masakan. Ia menghasilkan cecair yang berlendir, seakan-akan bendi. Oleh sebab itu tumbuhan ini juga dikenali sebagai Bush Okra.

Ciri botani

 src=
Lakaran botani pokok Mulukhiya.

Penanaman

Khasiat

Rujukan

  1. ^ Department of Horticulture & Landscape Architecture, Purdue University. Some chemistry and medicinal information on tossa jute. purdue.edu

Galeri

Pautan luar

licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Pengarang dan editor Wikipedia
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia MS

Mulukhiyah: Brief Summary ( Malaio )

fornecido por wikipedia MS

Mulukhiyah (Arab: ملوخية‎) atau bayam Yahudi ialah sejenih tumbuhan berdaun daripada spesies Corchorus. Ia banyak digunakan sebagai sayuran makanan di Timur Tengah, Afrika Timur dan Utara, dan Asia Selatan. Ia terkenal di kalangan orang Arab dan Yahudi dan lazimnya disertakan dalam masakan. Ia menghasilkan cecair yang berlendir, seakan-akan bendi. Oleh sebab itu tumbuhan ini juga dikenali sebagai Bush Okra.

licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Pengarang dan editor Wikipedia
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia MS

Juta kolorowa ( Polonês )

fornecido por wikipedia POL

Juta kolorowa, juta warzywna, juta długoowockowa, jarzychna warzywna, korchorus warzywny, ślaz żydowski (Corchorus olitorius L.) – gatunek rośliny zielnej należący do rodziny ślazowatych[2]. Pochodzi z Indii i Pakistanu[3]. Złoty liść juty znajduje się w uchwalonym w 1972 r. godle Bangladeszu.

Morfologia

Roślina jednoroczna o wysokości do 3 m[2]. Ma pojedyncze, jajowatolancetowane liście o ząbkowanych brzegach. Kwiaty nieduże, wyrastające po 2-3 w kątach liści. Mają 5-działkowy kielich, 5 żółtych płatków korony, 1 słupek i liczne pręciki. Owocem jest torebka o długości do 6 cm.

Zastosowanie

  • Roślina włóknista – dostarczająca włókien przędnych. Wyrabia się z nich tkaniny opatrunkowe i tapicerskie, linoleum oraz jako domieszkę do innych włókien[2]. Uprawia się ją w krajach o klimacie gorącym i wilgotnym.
  • Młode pędy są spożywane jako warzywo[2].
  • Roślina lecznicza. Nasiona zawierają glikozydy korchozyd i olitorozyd. Korchozyd stouje się w w niewydolności sercowo-naczyniowej, arytmii i w reumatycznych wadach serca. Olitorozyd stosuje się w ostrej i przewlekłej niewydolności sercowo-naczyniowej i w stwardnieniu włóknistym.

Przypisy

  1. Stevens P.F.: Angiosperm Phylogeny Website (ang.). 2001–. [dostęp 2010-02-19].
  2. a b c d Zbigniew Podbielkowski: Słownik roślin użytkowych. Warszawa: PWRiL, 1989. ISBN 83-09-00256-4.
  3. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). [dostęp 2010-09-11].

Bibliografia

Czikow P., Łaptiew J., ,,Rośliny lecznicze i bogate w witaminy", Państwowe Wydawnictwo Rolnicze i Leśne, Warszawa 1988.

licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Autorzy i redaktorzy Wikipedii
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia POL

Juta kolorowa: Brief Summary ( Polonês )

fornecido por wikipedia POL

Juta kolorowa, juta warzywna, juta długoowockowa, jarzychna warzywna, korchorus warzywny, ślaz żydowski (Corchorus olitorius L.) – gatunek rośliny zielnej należący do rodziny ślazowatych. Pochodzi z Indii i Pakistanu. Złoty liść juty znajduje się w uchwalonym w 1972 r. godle Bangladeszu.

licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Autorzy i redaktorzy Wikipedii
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia POL

Iută ( Romeno; moldávio; moldavo )

fornecido por wikipedia RO
Pentru alte sensuri, vedeți Iuta.

Iuta (Corchorus olitorius) (arabă ملوخية‎ mulūchia) este o plantă anuală din familia „Malvaceae” care se cultivă pentru fibrele care se obțin din tulpina plantei care se utilizează la confecționarea frânghiilor sau unei pânze pentru saci.

Aspect morfologic

Planta are o tulpină ierboasă care atinge 2,50 m înălțime,este lipsită de peri, are frunze de 4–10 cm, alungite eliptice la margini zimțate. Florile de culoare alb gălbuie, au 6 petale, atingând o lungime între 5 și 8 mm, sunt grupate câte două sau trei. Fructul se prezintă ca semințe negre colțurooase de 1,5 – 2 mm lungime, așezate într-o capsulă cilindrică, ușor curbată, ce atinge o lungime de 3,5 mm.

Jutegewebe 

Utilizare

In bucătăria arabă din Egipt, Tunisia și Libia planta este folosită la prepararea unor mâncăruri. In celelalte țări din plantă se obțin fibrele care sunt utilizate în industria textilă.

Note

licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Wikipedia autori și editori
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia RO

Iută: Brief Summary ( Romeno; moldávio; moldavo )

fornecido por wikipedia RO
Pentru alte sensuri, vedeți Iuta.

Iuta (Corchorus olitorius) (arabă ملوخية‎ mulūchia) este o plantă anuală din familia „Malvaceae” care se cultivă pentru fibrele care se obțin din tulpina plantei care se utilizează la confecționarea frânghiilor sau unei pânze pentru saci.

licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Wikipedia autori și editori
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia RO

Đay ( Vietnamita )

fornecido por wikipedia VI
Đối với các định nghĩa khác, xem Bố (thực vật).

Đay[1] hay còn gọi rau đay, đay quả dài, bố (danh pháp khoa học: Corchorus olitorius) là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Cẩm quỳ. Loài này được L. mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1753.[2]

Chú thích

  1. ^ Phạm Hoàng Hộ; Cây cỏ Việt Nam - tập 1; Nhà xuất bản Trẻ - 1999; Trang 480.
  2. ^ The Plant List (2010). Corchorus olitorius. Truy cập ngày 4 tháng 6 năm 2013.

Liên kết ngoài

 src= Wikimedia Commons có thư viện hình ảnh và phương tiện truyền tải về Đay  src= Wikispecies có thông tin sinh học về Đay


Hình tượng sơ khai Bài viết liên quan đến phân họ Cò ke này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Wikipedia tác giả và biên tập viên
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia VI

Đay: Brief Summary ( Vietnamita )

fornecido por wikipedia VI
Đối với các định nghĩa khác, xem Bố (thực vật).

Đay hay còn gọi rau đay, đay quả dài, bố (danh pháp khoa học: Corchorus olitorius) là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Cẩm quỳ. Loài này được L. mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1753.

licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Wikipedia tác giả và biên tập viên
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia VI

长蒴黄麻 ( Chinês )

fornecido por wikipedia 中文维基百科

圓果黃麻 C. capsularis
長果黃麻 C. olitorius

Jute cane.jpg

黄麻拉丁語Corchorus)是一种长而柔软的、发出光泽的植物纤维,可以织成高强度的粗糙的细丝。它在植物分类上属于黃麻科黃麻屬

黄麻是最廉价的天然纤维之一,种植量和用途的广泛都仅次于棉花。 它和洋麻大麻亚麻苎麻等同样属于韧皮纤维(从植物内皮或外皮提取的纤维)。纤维的颜色从白色到褐色,长1–4 米。


耕種栽培

主条目:黄麻栽培

適合種植黃麻的氣候為在盛行季風季節的季風氣候(溫暖,潮濕的氣候)。適宜的氣溫為20˚C至40˚C和相對濕度70%-80%。 :黃麻在播種期間需要比其他時期多5-8厘米/週的降雨。

品種

圓果黃麻(White Jute)

圓果黃麻(Corchorus capsularis),在中國稱作白黃麻。在幾個歷史記錄中指出,貧窮的印度村民穿用黃麻製成的衣服。用簡單的手搖紡織機和手紡車進行織布,將黃麻當成紡棉紗使用。歷史上還指出,孟加拉人從更早的時代,就把家庭和其他用途的白黃麻製成的繩索和細繩。

長果黃麻(Tossa Jute)

長果黃麻 (Corchorus olitorius) ,在中國稱作紅麻,是非洲 - 阿拉伯的品種和錦葵科的成員(跟棉花同一科)。他也是很受歡迎的葉用蔬菜阿拉伯人稱為“molokhiya”([ملوخية]=“國王”的意思),其葉為成分跟秋葵黏滑的成分相似。 猶太人在約伯記提到長果黃麻也是一種稱作棣棠花(Jew's mallow)的蔬菜。

長果黃麻纖維比圓果黃麻更柔軟、柔滑。也發現很適合在[恒河三角洲]氣候栽種。19世紀時,隨著圓果黃麻栽種,長果黃麻也開始在孟加拉栽培。目前,孟加拉地區(巴基斯坦、印度和孟加拉)是長果黃麻的世界最大的生產地區。

用途

 src=
黄麻可用于防洪
  • 黄麻是重要性仅次于棉花的植物纤维;拥有多种用途。首先是用于原棉打包的包装運輸袋,其次是制成袋子或粗布,还可以织成窗帘、椅套、地毯、粗麻布和油布的衬背,更可以當作造紙原料。
  • 黃麻桿也可當作燃料、活性碳、纖維版等,可以取代伐木工業的部分性質。
  • 台灣中部地方把圓果黃麻改良品種的幼葉在水中搓洗出苦汁並加入地瓜吻仔魚煮成湯,稱之為麻薏湯。


特征

  • 黄麻纤维可以100%进行生物分解和回收,对环境无害。
  • 它是一种拥有黄金和丝绸光泽的天然纤维,因而被称为“金色纤维”。
  • 它是最便宜的植物纤维,取自植物的茎的内皮或外皮。
  • 它在使用、全球消费量、生产和实用方面的重要性仅次于棉花的植物纤维。
  • 它的抗张强度很高,延展性低,防水性能较好。因此,黄麻非常适合于大批量农产品的包装。


注释


参考

  • Basu, G., A. K. Sinha, and S. N. Chattopadhyay. "Properties of Jute Based Ternary Blended Bulked Yarns". Man-Made Textiles in India. Vol. 48, no. 9 (Sep. 2005): 350–353. (AN 18605324)
  • Chattopadhyay, S. N., N. C. Pan, and A. Day. "A Novel Process of Dyeing of Jute Fabric Using Reactive Dye". Textile Industry of India. Vol. 42, no. 9 (Sep. 2004): 15–22. (AN 17093709)
  • Doraiswamy, I., A. Basu, and K. P. Chellamani. "Development of Fine Quality Jute Fibres". Colourage. Nov. 6–8, 1998, 2p. (AN TDH0624047199903296)
  • Kozlowski, R., and S. Manys. "Green Fibres". Textile Industry: Winning Strategies for the New Millennium—Papers Presented at the World Conference. Feb. 10–13, 1999: 29 (13p). (AN TDH0646343200106392)
  • Madhu, T. "Bio-Composites—An Overview". Textile Magazine. Vol. 43, no. 8 (Jun. 2002): 49 (2 pp). (AN TDH0656367200206816)
  • Maulik, S. R. "Chemical Modification of Jute". Asian Textile Journal. Vol. 10, no. 7 (Jul. 2001): 99 (8 pp). (AN TDH0648424200108473)
  • Moses, J. Jeyakodi, and M. Ramasamy. "Quality Improvement on Jute and Jute Cotton Materials Using Enzyme Treatment and Natural Dyeing". Man-Made Textiles in India. Vol. 47, no. 7 (Jul. 2004): 252–255. (AN 14075527)
  • Pan, N. C., S. N. Chattopadhyay, and A. Day. "Dyeing of Jute Fabric with Natural Dye Extracted from Marigold Flower". Asian Textile Journal. Vol. 13, no. 7 (Jul. 2004): 80–82. (AN 15081016)
  • Pan, N. C., A. Day, and K. K. Mahalanabis. "Properties of Jute". Indian Textile Journal. Vol. 110, no. 5 (Feb. 2000): 16. (AN TDH0635236200004885)
  • Roy, T. K. G., S. K. Chatterjee, and B. D. Gupta. "Comparative Studies on Bleaching and Dyeing of Jute after Processing with Mineral Oil in Water Emulsion vis-a-vis Self-Emulsifiable Castor Oil". Colourage. Vol. 49, no. 8 (Aug. 2002): 27 (5 pp). (AN TDH0657901200208350)
  • Shenai, V. A. "Enzyme Treatment". Indian Textile Journal. Vol. 114, no. 2 (Nov. 2003): 112–113. (AN 13153355)
  • Srinivasan, J., A. Venkatachalam, and P. Radhakrishnan. "Small-Scale Jute Spinning: An Analysis". Textile Magazine. Vol. 40, no. 4 (Feb. 1999): 29. (ANTDH0624005199903254)
  • Vijayakumar, K. A., and P. R. Raajendraa. "A New Method to Determine the Proportion of Jute in a Jute/Cotton Blend". Asian Textile Journal, Vol. 14, no. 5 (May 2005): 70-72. (AN 18137355)

參考文獻

  • 《台灣蔬果實用百科第一輯》,薛聰賢 著,薛聰賢出版社,2001年,ISDN:957-97452-1-8
licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
维基百科作者和编辑
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia 中文维基百科

长蒴黄麻: Brief Summary ( Chinês )

fornecido por wikipedia 中文维基百科
Jute cane.jpg

黄麻(拉丁語:Corchorus)是一种长而柔软的、发出光泽的植物纤维,可以织成高强度的粗糙的细丝。它在植物分类上属于黃麻科黃麻屬

黄麻是最廉价的天然纤维之一,种植量和用途的广泛都仅次于棉花。 它和洋麻大麻亚麻苎麻等同样属于韧皮纤维(从植物内皮或外皮提取的纤维)。纤维的颜色从白色到褐色,长1–4 米。


licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
维基百科作者和编辑
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia 中文维基百科

장삭황마 ( Coreano )

fornecido por wikipedia 한국어 위키백과

장삭황마(長蒴黃麻, 학명: Corchorus olitorius 코르코루스 올리토리우스[*])는 아욱과관목이다. 원산지는 남아시아(인도, 파키스탄)다.[2] 황마와 함께 황마포를 생산하는 데 쓰이는 주요 섬유 작물이며, 열매채소로 식용한다. 장삭황마 및 그 잎이 이집트 등지에서는 몰로키야(ملوخية)라 불리며, 여러 가지 국물 음식을 만들 때 쓰인다.

사진

각주

  1. Corchorus olitorius L.”. 《The Plant List》 (영어). 2012년 3월 23일. 2019년 4월 1일에 확인함.
  2. Corchorus olitorius L.”. 《GRIN-Global Web v 1.10.4.0》 (영어). USDA. 2011년 9월 22일. 2019년 4월 1일에 확인함.
 title=
licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Wikipedia 작가 및 편집자