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Die Blinkblaar-wag-’n-bietjie (Ziziphus mucronata)[1] is ’n boom wat feitlik oor die hele Suider-Afrika voorkom, behalwe Suidwes-Kaap, aan die kus van Namibië, aan die kus van Mosambiek en Suidwes-Botswana. Die boom is slaphangend en op die jong hout is daar gewoonlik aan weerskante van die blaarsteel ’n paar baie skerp dorings, die een krom en die ander reguit. Die glansende groen blare is kenmerkend en die blaarbasis is simmetries met die blaarrand uiters fyn geskulp.
Die boom dra klein, gelerige blomme met 'n deursnee van 6 mm. Die vrugte is tot 1.5 cm in deursnee en hoewel eetbaar is dit nie baie smaaklik nie. Die vlees van die vrugte is dun, droog en melerig. Die boom het baie medisinale gebruike.
Die Blinkblaar-wag-’n-bietjie is as Suid-Afrika se Algemene Boom van die Jaar vir 2017 aangewys.[2]
Wikimedia Commons het meer media in die kategorie Blinkblaar-wag-’n-bietjie.Die Blinkblaar-wag-’n-bietjie (Ziziphus mucronata) is ’n boom wat feitlik oor die hele Suider-Afrika voorkom, behalwe Suidwes-Kaap, aan die kus van Namibië, aan die kus van Mosambiek en Suidwes-Botswana. Die boom is slaphangend en op die jong hout is daar gewoonlik aan weerskante van die blaarsteel ’n paar baie skerp dorings, die een krom en die ander reguit. Die glansende groen blare is kenmerkend en die blaarbasis is simmetries met die blaarrand uiters fyn geskulp.
Die boom dra klein, gelerige blomme met 'n deursnee van 6 mm. Die vrugte is tot 1.5 cm in deursnee en hoewel eetbaar is dit nie baie smaaklik nie. Die vlees van die vrugte is dun, droog en melerig. Die boom het baie medisinale gebruike.
Die Blinkblaar-wag-’n-bietjie is as Suid-Afrika se Algemene Boom van die Jaar vir 2017 aangewys.
Ziziphus mucronata, és una espècie de planta que es troba dins la família de les ramnàcies. És originària d'Àfrica Central. Està relacionada amb la papallona de l'espècie Tarucus sybaris la qual hi diposita els ous per tal que les larves s'hi alimentin de les fulles.
Z. mucronata és un arbre més aviat petit o de mida mitjana, que pot fer fins a uns 9 metres d'alçada. L'escorça és d'un color gris fosc, la qual pot fissurar-se en peces rectangulars. Les branques presenten un aspecte caigut. Els brots marró-vermellosos a vegades apareixen entre els parells d'espines. Les fulles són en forma d'ou, amb l'àpex mucronat potser per això li ve el nom a l'epítet específic (mucronata). Presenten tres línies o nervis que surten de la base de la fulla d'un color verd lluent. Al revers de la fulla trobem pilositat llanosa i presenten un pecíol d'uns 7 mm de longitud. Les flors són petites de color groguenc, poc aparents (inconspícues) i disposades en raïms axil·lars atapeïts. La floració es produeix entre el novembre i el febrer i són productores de bastant nèctar. El fruit que produeixen és esfèric d'uns 1,5 cms de diàmetre els quals normalment romanen a l'arbre durant l'hivern fins que cauen les fulles.[1]
Es pot trobar en gran varietat d'hàbitats, en boscos oberts, sovint en sòls al·luvials a banda i banda dels rius, i també en monticles de tèrmits. S'ha considerat com un indicador de la presència d'aigua subterrània. És una espècie que té nombrosos usos medicinals i les llavors s'han utilitzar per a l'elaboració de comptes de rosari. Si es cuinen les arrels es poden aplicar a manera de cataplasma per a remeiar diversos dolors.
Ziziphus mucronata, és una espècie de planta que es troba dins la família de les ramnàcies. És originària d'Àfrica Central. Està relacionada amb la papallona de l'espècie Tarucus sybaris la qual hi diposita els ous per tal que les larves s'hi alimentin de les fulles.
Ziziphus mucronata ist eine Pflanzenart aus der Familie der Kreuzdorngewächse (Rhamnaceae).
Bei Ziziphus mucronata handelt sich um einen dornigen, laubabwerfenden Strauch, mit graubrauner, grober und schuppiger bis abblätternder Borke, der Wuchshöhen von bis über 10 Meter erreicht. Die bis 2 Zentimeter langen Dornen stehen zu zweien in den Blattachseln, eine gerade nach oben gerichtet, einer nach unten zurückgebogen.
Die wechselständigen Laubblätter sind gestielt und einfach. Der feinhaarige Blattstiel ist bis 2 Zentimeter lang. Die gesägte bis gekerbte, stumpfe bis spitze oder eingebuchtete, bis 9 Zentimeter lange, unterseits leicht behaarte Blattspreite ist eiförmig, an der Basis abgerundet oder leicht herzförmig, dabei öfters asymmetrisch und an der Spitze öfters (fein)stachelspitzig. Die Blattnervatur ist an der Basis dreizählig mit drei deutlichen Hauptnerven.
10 bis 20 Blüten stehen in kleinen, dichten und achselständigen, zymösen Blütenständen zusammen. Die kleinen, fünfzähligen, kurz gestielten und zwittrigen Blüten mit doppelter Blütenhülle weisen einen Durchmesser etwa 3 bis 4 mm auf. Die je fünf dreieckigen, innen gekielten und außen behaarten Kelch- und die kleineren, schmalen, spatelförmigen Kronblätter sind unscheinbar gelb-grün. Der Fruchtknoten mit sehr kurzem Griffel ist oberständig und die 5 kurzen Staubblätter liegen in den Petalen. Es ist ein auffälliger, fleischiger Diskus vorhanden.
Die rundliche bis eiförmige, bis 2 Zentimeter große, ledrige und meist einsamige, dünnfleischige Steinfrucht wird zur Reife rotbraun.[1] Der große, glatte, bräunliche und runzlige Steinkern ist sehr hart.
Ziziphus mucronata kommt im tropischen Afrika und Asien in Savannen, in flussbegleitender Vegetation oder auf Termitenhügeln vor.[1]
Die süßlichen, mehligen Früchte sind essbar.
Das recht harte, mäßig beständige Holz wird für Werkzeuge und Küchenutensilien genutzt, aber auch als Feuerholz oder zur Holzkohleherstellung.
Seiner Dornen wegen wird Ziziphus mucronata oft als Hecke gepflanzt.[1]
Die Wurzeln, Rinde und Blätter werden medizinisch genutzt.
Ziziphus mucronata ist eine Pflanzenart aus der Familie der Kreuzdorngewächse (Rhamnaceae).
Siddeem bukki xeetu garab gu bokk ci njabootug Rhamnacées. Moo ngi coosaanoo Lo ci réew yu naaje yi.
Siddeem bukki garab guy am i dég, ak i doom yu nuy woowee siddeem bukki. Garab gu dëgër lay doon ci jamonoy noor.
Am xasam day ñagas am ay pàq, wànqaas yi yaatu, ëppante te am i dég. Xobam yi seen wirgo day wuute.
Doom bi dees na ko jëfandikoo ci togg, dees na ko lekk noonu it.
Foytéef bi barina ay ferñeent lool.
Siddeem bukki xeetu garab gu bokk ci njabootug Rhamnacées. Moo ngi coosaanoo Lo ci réew yu naaje yi.
Ziziphus mucronata, known as the buffalo thorn, is a species of tree in the family Rhamnaceae, native to southern Africa. It is deciduous and may grow up to 17 metres tall. It can survive in a variety of soil types, occurring in many habitats, mostly open woodlands, often on soils deposited by rivers, and grows frequently on termite mounds. Its Zulu name “umLahlankosi” alludes to its use as a grave marker for tribal chiefs, while the Afrikaans name “Blinkblaar-wag-'n-bietjie” alludes to the shiny light green leaves and the hooked thorns.[2]
The buffalo thorn is a small to medium size tree, reaching a height of about 10 metres (33 ft), or rarely 17 metres (56 ft). The bark is a red-brown (on young stems) or roughly mottled grey, cracked in small rectangular blocks revealing a stringy red underbark. The bark becomes rough and turns to a dark grey or brown colour. The shrub or tree has distinctive zigzag branchlets, armed with pairs of thorns, one hooked and the other straight. In some instances adult trees lose their thorns completely. The fruit vary in size but regionally may grow larger than grape, and ripen to a deep brown-red colour. From October to April the greenish yellow flowers with silvery sheen are found in dense bunches in the axils of the leaves. Fruit are found from February to August.
Their small, greenish yellow flowers attract many insects. They produce abundant nectar and consequently yield honey.[3] Several species of bird feed on the brownish-red fruit. The leaves as well as fruit are also sought after by wild animals and domestic stock. Giraffes and impala browse the leaves.
It makes a good perimeter barrier as its thorns are profuse on young shoots and are difficult to untangle because one points forward while the other points backward. Certain tribes believe the tree is safe to use as a shelter against lightning, and it may be planted as a grave marker for a deceased chief.
A blend made from the roots is used as a painkiller and for dysentery while the bark and leaves are used for respiratory ailments and sepsis on the skin. A paste made from the roots and leaves will treat boils, sores and swelling. The above may be attributed to the peptide alkaloids and antifungals isolated from the bark and leaves. Branches are used for protection of cattle kraal and sometimes on the graves of dead tribal members. The wood is used for implements and fuel. The leaves bark and roots are used medicinally and magically for pain relief, respiratory complaints and skin infections, especially for chest and stomach disorders. The leaves if crushed may be used to stop bleeding. Steam baths from the bark are used to purify and improve the complexion. In East Africa, roots are used for treating snake bites.[4]
The leaves are edible and can be cooked into spinach. The seeds can be roasted and ground as a substitute for coffee.[5] The fruit are not very tasty, though a type of beer can be made from them. The Ovambo people use it to distill ombike, a traditional liquor.[6] The leaves and fruits are also a valuable source of forage for livestock.[5]
Historically the Zulus planted a buffalo thorn on the grave of a deceased chief as a reminder of where the chief was buried, hence the Zulu name “umLahlankosi”, meaning “that which buries chief”. Even today a branch from the buffalo thorn is used to retrieve the spirit of a deceased person from where he or she died. A family member will go to the place where death occurred carrying a branch of the buffalo thorn which the spirit is able to hold onto. This will be taken back to the deceased homestead and the spirit will be given a new resting place. During the transportation of the spirit the carrier will at no time look backwards, he will pay for two seats on a bus or a taxi and communicate with the spirit explaining exactly what is transpiring. If for example they are to cross a river the holder will tell the spirit “we are now crossing the river, we will get a lift on the other side”, etc.
According to a Zulu belief, a person standing under a buffalo thorn during a lightning storm is protected from a possible strike, as the tree is immune to lightning. They also believe that if buffalo thorn is cut down during summer a drought or hail storm will occur. When a stock owner died, and was buried according to custom, within the cattle or goat kraal, some branches were placed on the grave so that the animals nibbled on leaves and twigs, and so understood that their master had died. In other parts, Africans drag a branch around the village to protect it from evil spirits, as it is believed to keep evil spirits at bay.[7]
straight and hooked thorns in pairs
flowers in leaf axils
flowers closeup
smooth, hard fruit and glossy foliage
Ziziphus mucronata, known as the buffalo thorn, is a species of tree in the family Rhamnaceae, native to southern Africa. It is deciduous and may grow up to 17 metres tall. It can survive in a variety of soil types, occurring in many habitats, mostly open woodlands, often on soils deposited by rivers, and grows frequently on termite mounds. Its Zulu name “umLahlankosi” alludes to its use as a grave marker for tribal chiefs, while the Afrikaans name “Blinkblaar-wag-'n-bietjie” alludes to the shiny light green leaves and the hooked thorns.
Ziziphus mucronata, le Jujubier de l'hyène, est une plante ligneuse de la famille des Rhamnacées.
Afrique, Arabie.
Selon Catalogue of Life (1 avril 2016)[2], NCBI (1 avril 2016)[3], Tropicos (1 avril 2016)[4] :
Ziziphus mucronata, le Jujubier de l'hyène, est une plante ligneuse de la famille des Rhamnacées.
Ziziphus mucronata là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Táo. Loài này được Willd. miêu tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1809.[1]
Ziziphus mucronata là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Táo. Loài này được Willd. miêu tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1809.
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