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Xanthostemon chrysanthus, commonly known as golden penda, is a species of tree in the myrtle family Myrtaceae which is endemic to (found only in) north eastern Queensland, Australia.[4] It is a popular garden plant with showy yellow blooms, and is the floral emblem of the city of Cairns.[5][6]
Xanthostemon chrysanthus is as a tree growing up to 25 m (82 ft) high, and the rough-barked trunk may be buttressed.[7][8] In its preferred habitat alongside rainforest creeks, the trunk will often be gnarled and twisted.[4] It has a dense crown, with the dark glossy green leaves clustered towards the ends of the branches.[8][9] The simple (i.e. without lobes or divisions) leaves are arranged alternately or in whorls.[7][9] They are generally elliptic and measure up to 22 cm (8.7 in) long by 9.5 cm (3.7 in) wide.[7][9]
The inflorescence is a terminal or axillary panicle which forms dense, showy heads of golden flowers.[7] The calyx is green with 5 lobes and is about 1.5 cm (0.59 in) wide; petals are yellow or yellow-green and up to 9 mm (0.35 in) long.[4][7][9] The most conspicuous aspect of the flower is the numerous stamens, which are bright yellow and up to 3 cm (1.2 in) long,[4][7][10] making the overall diameter of the flower about 5 cm (2.0 in).[8] Flowering can occur at any time of year, particularly after heavy rain events.[6][11]
The fruit is a woody capsule about 1.5 cm (0.59 in) diameter, and contains between 2 and 4 small black seeds about 4 mm (0.16 in) long. The capsule splits open at maturity and releases the seeds.[4][7]
This species was first described in 1864 by the Victorian Government botanist Ferdinand von Mueller as Metrosideros chrysantha, based on material collected by John Dallachy on 12 April 1864 from Rockingham Bay in northern Queensland.[2][4] In 1891 the German botanist Otto Kuntze published a revision of the taxon, and gave it the new combination Nania chrysantha.[2][3] Finally, it was reclassified in the genus Xanthostemon by George Bentham in the third volume of his Flora Australiensis in 1867.[2]
The species name is derived from the Ancient Greek words chrysos "golden", and "anthos" "flower".[11]
The native range of the golden penda is from the Seaview Range near Ingham northwards to the area around the Pascoe River in Cape York Peninsula.[4][7] It is most commonly found alongside creeks and rivers in rainforest, and at altitudes from sea level to 1,000 m (3,300 ft).[4][7]
The profuse flowering attracts many nectar eating birds, including rainbow lorikeets (Trichoglossus moluccanus) and friarbirds (genus Philemon).
Xanthostemon chrysanthus is cultivated as an ornamental plant for use in gardens and park landscaping but will only reach about 12 m (39 ft) in height in such situations.[8][9][10] Its horticultural appeal stems from its profuse and attractive flowering.[4] It can be propagated by seed or cuttings but will flower sooner when grown from cuttings.[8] It grows well in subtropical gardens with fair drainage and sunny aspect,[11] but in cooler climates such as Sydney, the tree will not flower as profusely as it does in its native range.[10]
The golden penda was selected as the theme plant for Expo 88. Cuttings of the tree were taken from a superior form from a garden in Brisbane and planted in flower in Brisbane to create a 'Sea of Gold'. In late autumn, the tree can still be seen in flower in gardens and lining streets across Brisbane.[8]
Flowers
Fruit, almost ready to split open
On the Cairns foreshore, with a Rainbow lorikeet feeding on the flowers
Individual flowers
Dehisced fruit
Xanthostemon chrysanthus, commonly known as golden penda, is a species of tree in the myrtle family Myrtaceae which is endemic to (found only in) north eastern Queensland, Australia. It is a popular garden plant with showy yellow blooms, and is the floral emblem of the city of Cairns.
Xanthostemon chrysanthus est une espèce de plante de la famille des Myrtaceae qui est endémique au nord du Queensland en Australie.
Il mesure en moyenne 10 m de haut mais peut atteindre le double. Ses feuilles d'un vert brillant font 15 cm de long. Il donne ses fleurs jaunes en été et en automne.
Feuilles et fleurs
Xanthostemon chrysanthus est une espèce de plante de la famille des Myrtaceae qui est endémique au nord du Queensland en Australie.
Il mesure en moyenne 10 m de haut mais peut atteindre le double. Ses feuilles d'un vert brillant font 15 cm de long. Il donne ses fleurs jaunes en été et en automne.
Xanthostemon chrysanthus ((F.Muell.) Benth., 1867), conosciuto comunemente come Golden Penda, è una pianta appartenente alla famiglia delle Myrtaceae, originaria del Queensland settentrionale (Australia)[1].
È una popolare pianta da giardino con fiori gialli.
Fu descritta nel 1864 dal botanico Ferdinand von Mueller come Metrosideros chrysantha[2].
Xanthostemon chrysanthus ((F.Muell.) Benth., 1867), conosciuto comunemente come Golden Penda, è una pianta appartenente alla famiglia delle Myrtaceae, originaria del Queensland settentrionale (Australia).
È una popolare pianta da giardino con fiori gialli.
Fu descritta nel 1864 dal botanico Ferdinand von Mueller come Metrosideros chrysantha.
Xanthostemon chrysanthus, biasanya disebut Golden Penda atau Penda Emas, adalah tumbuhan berbunga dalam keluarga Myrtaceae. Merupakan spesies Endemik di Utara Queensland, ia merupakan salah satu pohon pilihan di kebun bunga kawasan perumahan kerana bunganya yang banyak dan berwarna kuning segar.
Penda Emas pertama kali dikaji secara serius pada tahun 1864 oleh Ahli Botani Victoria iaitu Ferdinand von Mueller sebagai Metrosideros chrysantha,[1] selepas sampel pohon diambil oleh John Dallachy pada 12 April 1864 dari Teluk Rockingham di Utara Queensland.[2] Ia diklasifikasikan kembali dalam genus Xanthostemon oleh George Bentham dalam jilid ketiga karyanya Flora Australiensis dalam tahun 1867.[3] Nama spesies berasal dari perkataan Greek Purba iaitu chrysos "emas", dan "anthos" "bunga".[4]
Tumbuhan berbunga ini boleh tumbuh diantara 10-15 m (35–50 kaki) tinggi dan 5–8 m (15–25 kaki) dan mudah hidup melata secara liar, namun ianya selalu ditanam di kawasan perumahan. Kulit pokok berstruktur kasar dan dedaun yang rimbun, daunnya berwarna hijau elliptik berukuran 7–22 cm panjang pada 2–9.5 cm lebar. Pucuknya disusun secara berpusar. Kepala bunga atau putik bunga, tumbuh secara awal dalam kedudukan terminal atau axillary yang boleh berkembang hingga 15 cm (6 inci) dalam diameter. Putik bunga boleh menjadikan satu-satu bunga kuning keemasannya menjadi lebih kecil sehingga (1–2 cm diameter).
Pembungaan bermula dari kapsul kayu kecil berwarna hijau atau coklat berukuran (1-1,5 cm) yang mengembang antara bulan Ogos dan February setiap tahun. Tetapi menariknya bunganya dapat bertahan bila-bila masa dalam setahun dalam erti kata lain boleh tahan sehingga setahun sebelum gugur.[4]
Populasi pohon Penda Emas banyak ditemui dari Cardwell hingga ke utara Teluk York di hujung Utara Queensland. Ia tumbuh dalam hutan terbuka atau hutan hujan, bersebelahan denai dan sungai.[2]
Penda Emas mudah ditanam melalui biji benih atau potongan / keratan batang. Ia boleh tumbuh dalam taman beriklim subtropika dengan saliran air yang memuaskan dan faktor cahaya matahari.[4] Spesies ini kurang berbunga dalam iklim seperti di Sydney dan sejuk.[5]
|isbn= value: checksum (bantuan).Selenggaraan CS1: Pelbagai nama: senarai pengarang (link) |url= (bantuan); |access-date= memerlukan |url= (bantuan) Xanthostemon chrysanthus, biasanya disebut Golden Penda atau Penda Emas, adalah tumbuhan berbunga dalam keluarga Myrtaceae. Merupakan spesies Endemik di Utara Queensland, ia merupakan salah satu pohon pilihan di kebun bunga kawasan perumahan kerana bunganya yang banyak dan berwarna kuning segar.
Penda Emas pertama kali dikaji secara serius pada tahun 1864 oleh Ahli Botani Victoria iaitu Ferdinand von Mueller sebagai Metrosideros chrysantha, selepas sampel pohon diambil oleh John Dallachy pada 12 April 1864 dari Teluk Rockingham di Utara Queensland. Ia diklasifikasikan kembali dalam genus Xanthostemon oleh George Bentham dalam jilid ketiga karyanya Flora Australiensis dalam tahun 1867. Nama spesies berasal dari perkataan Greek Purba iaitu chrysos "emas", dan "anthos" "bunga".
Xanthostemon chrysanthus là một loài thực vật có hoa trong Họ Đào kim nương. Loài này được (F.Muell.) Benth. miêu tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1867.[2]
Bài viết phân họ thực vật Myrtoideae này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn. Xanthostemon chrysanthus là một loài thực vật có hoa trong Họ Đào kim nương. Loài này được (F.Muell.) Benth. miêu tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1867.
