dcsimg

Life Cycle ( Inglês )

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Ovoviviparous (Ref. 205). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205).
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Recorder
Susan M. Luna
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Biology ( Inglês )

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A freshwater species; may be found in estuaries (Ref. 9840). Poorly known (Ref. 32457). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449).
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Cristina V. Garilao
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Fluvitrygon oxyrhynchus ( Alemão )

fornecido por wikipedia DE

Fluvitrygon oxyrhynchus ist eine kleine, nur wenig erforschte und sehr seltene Stechrochenart, die im Süßwasser und Mündungsbereichen weniger Flüsse in Kambodscha, Süd-Vietnam, Thailand, Sumatra und Borneo vorkommt.[1][2]

Merkmale

Die Körperscheibe von Fluvitrygon oxyrhynchus ist etwas länger als breit (die maximale gemessene Breite liegt bei 36 cm) der peitscheartige Schwanz ist sehr lang, sodass die Gesamtlänge der Tiere bei maximal 126 cm liegt.[3] Die Schnauze steht vor und bildet eine dreieckige Spitze. Die Rückenseite weist eine netzartige Zeichnung mit mehr oder weniger deutlich ausgeprägten sechseckigen oder unregelmäßigen Flecken auf und ist für gewöhnlich hellbraun. Die Zeichnung ist zum Rand der Brustflossen hin immer weniger deutlich ausgeprägt. Die Bauchseite ist einfarbig weißlich oder hellbraun. Der gesamte Rücken der Fische ist dicht mit kleinen Placoidschuppen bedeckt, deren Spitze flach und herzförmig ist. Größere Schuppen befinden sich vor allem in der Rückenmitte und im Schulterbereich, wo sie in ovalförmigen Flecken angeordnet sind. Die 26 bis 45 Schuppen in der Rückenmitte und auf dem Schwanz sind in einer Reihe angeordnet. Der Schwanz trägt einen Stachel, der aber auch fehlen kann. Zum Rand der Brustflossen werden die Schuppen, die dort eine sternförmige Basis haben, immer kleiner. Die Bauchseite ist völlig glatt. Die Augen sind klein, die Spritzlöcher sind doppelt so groß wie die Augen. Das Maul ist leicht winkelförmig. Im Oberkiefer haben die Tiere insgesamt 40 bis 42 Zahnreihen, wobei nur 6 bis 7 funktionell sind und die übrigen aus Ersatzzähnen bestehen. Im Unterkiefer sind es 10 oder 11 funktionelle Zahnreihen von insgesamt 42 bis 46. Die Zähne sind in beiden Kiefern quincunxartig angeordnet.[2]

Systematik

Die Rochenart wurde im Jahr 1878 durch den französischen Ichthyologen Henri-Émile Sauvage unter der Bezeichnung Trygon oxyrhynchus erstmals wissenschaftlich beschrieben. Der US-amerikanische Ichthyologe Samuel Garman synonymisierte die Art 1913 mit Dasybatus uarnak und spätere Autoren übernahmen diese Entscheidung.[4] Pascal P. Deynat und Yves Fermon konnten jedoch deutliche Unterschiede zwischen beiden Arten feststellen und revalidierten die Art im Jahr 2001 und gaben ihr die wissenschaftliche Bezeichnung Himantura oxyrhyncha.[2] Im Jahr 2016 wurde für drei südostasiatische Süßwasserrochenarten die Gattung Fluvitrygon eingeführt.[5]

Belege

  1. Fluvitrygon oxyrhyncha in der Roten Liste gefährdeter Arten der IUCN 2016. Eingestellt von: Compagno, L.J.V., 2005. Abgerufen am 11. November 2019.
  2. a b c Pascal P. Deynat & Yves Fermon (2001). Resurrection of Himantura oxyrhyncha (Sauvage, 1878) from the synonymy of H. uarnak, a senior synonym of H. krempfi (Chabanaud, 1923) (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae) (PDF). Cybium. 25 (2): 161–176.
  3. Kent E. Carpenter & Volker H. Niem: The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific. Band 3. Batoid fishes, chimaeras and Bony fishes part 1 (Elopidae to Linophrynidae). Rome, FAO. 1998, ISBN 92-5-104302-7. Seite 1503.
  4. Kottelat, M. (1984): A review of the species of Indochinese fresh-water fishes described by H. E. Sauvage. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Série 4: Section A: Zoologie, Biologie et Écologie Animales v. 6 (no. 3)
  5. Last, P.R., Naylor, G.J.P. & Manjaji-Matsumoto, B.M. (2016): A revised classification of the family Dasyatidae (Chondrichthyes: Myliobatiformes) based on new morphological and molecular insights. Zootaxa, 4139 (3): 345–368. doi: 10.11646/zootaxa.4139.3.2, Seite 360.

Weblinks

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Fluvitrygon oxyrhynchus: Brief Summary ( Alemão )

fornecido por wikipedia DE

Fluvitrygon oxyrhynchus ist eine kleine, nur wenig erforschte und sehr seltene Stechrochenart, die im Süßwasser und Mündungsbereichen weniger Flüsse in Kambodscha, Süd-Vietnam, Thailand, Sumatra und Borneo vorkommt.

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Marbled whipray ( Inglês )

fornecido por wikipedia EN

The marbled whipray (Fluvitrygon oxyrhyncha) is a little-known species of stingray in the family Dasyatidae, native to several freshwater rivers in Southeast Asia. This species has an oval pectoral fin disc with an elongated, pointed snout and a very long, whip-like tail without fin folds. It is characterized by numerous heart-shaped dermal denticles and tubercles on its upper surface, as well as a reticulated pattern of brown blotches on a light background. The maximum recorded disc width is 36 cm (14 in). The marbled whipray has been assessed as Endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN); it is heavily threatened by fishing and habitat loss, degradation, and fragmentation.

Taxonomy

French zoologist Henri-Emilé Sauvage originally described the marbled whipray as Trygon oxyrhynchus based on a female specimen caught near Saigon, Vietnam, in an 1878 volume of the scientific journal Bulletin de la Société philomathique de Paris. In 1913, Samuel Garman synonymized this species with Himantura uarnak, a judgment that remained unquestioned in subsequent literature until Maurice Kottelat referenced the name in his 1984 review of Indochinese fishes.[2] This species may also be referred to as the longnose marbled whipray or the marbled freshwater stingray.[3]

Distribution and habitat

Among the few members of its family restricted to fresh water, the marbled whipray has been reported from Saigon in Vietnam, the Mekong River near Tonle Sap and Phnom Penh in Cambodia, the lower Nan and Chao Phraya Rivers in Thailand, and the Mahakam River in Kalimantan, Indonesia. The subpopulations inhabiting these rivers are likely isolated from one another.[1][2] This bottom-dwelling species favors a sandy substrate in which it can bury itself.[4]

Description

The marbled stingray has a thin, oval-shaped pectoral fin disc longer than wide. The snout is long and triangular, with the pointed tip projecting from the disc. The eyes are small, and immediately followed by spiracles over twice their diameter. There is a curtain of skin between the nares with a fringed trailing margin. The mouth is gently arched and contains an anterior row of four and posterior row of two papillae across the floor, which are followed by a seventh papilla in larger individuals. There are 40–42 tooth rows in the upper jaw and 42–46 tooth rows in the lower jaw; the teeth are arranged with a quincunx pattern into pavement-like surfaces. The tail measures three times as long as the disc and bears two long stinging spines on top; after the spine the tail becomes thin and whip-like, without any fin folds.[2][5]

There are numerous flattened, heart-shaped dermal denticles on the back, arranged in a dense central band reaching the base of the tail, and becoming smaller and sparser on the outer portions of the disc. Larger, heart-shaped denticles are scattered over the disc, especially around the "shoulders" and the middle of the back. Two pearl spines are present. There is a line of 40–41 flat tubercles running down the dorsal midline, from between the eyes to the tail spines; adult individuals also have two lines of spiny denticles running along the sides of the tail from the spine to the tip. The dorsal coloration is white to light gray, with brownish hexagonal blotches forming a reticulated pattern that fades towards the disc margin. Smaller individuals are covered by many irregular dark spots. The underside is entirely light-colored.[2] This ray attains a disc width of 36 cm (14 in).[3]

Biology and ecology

The natural history of the marbled whipray is poorly understood. It likely feeds on benthic organisms such as small crustaceans and molluscs. Reproduction is aplacental viviparous with females supplying their unborn young with histotroph ("uterine milk"), as in other stingrays.[4][6]

Human interactions

Only five specimens of the marbled whipray have been deposited in museums. However, it is reportedly locally common in some rivers and streams. It is an infrequent incidental catch of intense fishery activities taking place across much of its range, using demersal tangle nets, fish traps, and hook-and-line. These attractively colored rays, especially the young, are valued by the aquarium trade. Another major threat to the marbled whipray is habitat loss and degradation, from pollution, logging, and dam construction. In Thailand, dams on the Chao Phraya have prevented stingrays in different stretches of the river from intermingling, with a negative effect on genetic diversity. Citing these threats, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has assessed this species as Endangered. During the 1990s, the Thai government initiated a captive breeding program for this and other endangered freshwater stingrays at Chai Nat, but by 1996 the program had been placed on hold.[1][6]

References

  1. ^ a b c Compagno, L.J.V. (2016). "Fluvitrygon oxyrhyncha". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T44185A104180982. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T44185A104180982.en.
  2. ^ a b c d Deynat, P.P. & Y. Fermon (2001). "Resurrection of Himantura oxyrhyncha (Sauvage, 1878) from the synonymy of H. uarnak, a senior synonym of H. krempfi (Chabanaud, 1923) (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae)" (PDF). Cybium. 25 (2): 161–176.
  3. ^ a b Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2010). "Himantura oxyrhyncha" in FishBase. January 2010 version.
  4. ^ a b Baensch, H.A. & R. Riehl. Aquarium Atlas (Volume 4). Steven Simpson Books. pp. 14–15. ISBN 3-88244-058-9.
  5. ^ Fowler, S.L.; R.D. Cavanagh; M. Camhi; G.H. Burgess; G.M. Cailliet; S.V. Fordham; C.A. Simpfendorfer; J.A. Musick (2005). Sharks, Rays and Chimaeras: The Status of the Chondrichthyan Fishes. International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. pp. 350–351. ISBN 2-8317-0700-5.
  6. ^ a b Last, P.R.; W.T. White; J.N. Caire; Dharmadi, Fahmi; K. Jensen; A.P.F. Lim; B. Mabel-Matsumoto; G.J.P. Naylor; J.J. Pogonoski; J.D. Stevens & G.K. Yearsley (2010). Sharks and Rays of Borneo. CSIRO Publishing. pp. 204–205. ISBN 978-1-921605-59-8.
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Marbled whipray: Brief Summary ( Inglês )

fornecido por wikipedia EN

The marbled whipray (Fluvitrygon oxyrhyncha) is a little-known species of stingray in the family Dasyatidae, native to several freshwater rivers in Southeast Asia. This species has an oval pectoral fin disc with an elongated, pointed snout and a very long, whip-like tail without fin folds. It is characterized by numerous heart-shaped dermal denticles and tubercles on its upper surface, as well as a reticulated pattern of brown blotches on a light background. The maximum recorded disc width is 36 cm (14 in). The marbled whipray has been assessed as Endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN); it is heavily threatened by fishing and habitat loss, degradation, and fragmentation.

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Wikipedia authors and editors
original
visite a fonte
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wikipedia EN

Himantura oxyrhyncha ( Basco )

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Himantura oxyrhyncha Himantura generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Dasyatidae familian sailkatzen da.

Erreferentziak

  1. Froese, Rainer & Pauly, Daniel ed. (2006), Himantura oxyrhyncha FishBase webgunean. 2006ko apirilaren bertsioa.

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(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
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Himantura oxyrhyncha: Brief Summary ( Basco )

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Himantura oxyrhyncha Himantura generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Dasyatidae familian sailkatzen da.

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