dcsimg

Biology ( Inglês )

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Little is known about the natural ecology and behaviour of this elusive snake. Primarily nocturnal, juveniles and adult males in particular are partially arboreal. Their diet is composed exclusively of lizards, some of which are also endangered species endemic to Round Island (7). The breeding season is thought to begin in April although young have been observed at practically all times of the year. A clutch of up to 12 soft-shelled eggs is laid, perhaps amongst leaf litter or in a hollow palm trunk, and may be attended by the female (7). The incubation period is about 90 days, unusually long for a snake; young are born weighing less than 5 grams and are bright orange in colour (6).
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Conservation ( Inglês )

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Round Island is a protected area and visitors to the island are restricted to scientists and conservationists (4). Rabbits and goats have been eradicated and the native vegetation of the island, much of which is itself endemic and endangered, is beginning to recover. The Government of Mauritius and the Mauritian Wildlife Foundation are also running an intensive habitat restoration programme (7). International trade is prohibited by the listing of this snake on Appendix I of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (3). A captive breeding programme has been established with the aim of safeguarding the future of this rare snake and learning more about its complex biology (2). The Round Island keel-scaled boa is one of two snakes to be found only on this island, belonging to an ancient line that dates back over 60 million years (5). Its relative Bolyeria multocarinata however, has not been seen in the wild since 1975 and is feared to be extinct (2).
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Description ( Inglês )

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The Round Island keel-scaled boa is one of the world's rarest snakes (2). This slender snake may reach up to 1.5 metres in length, the upper surface is generally dark brown whilst the underside is lighter with very dark spots. The body is covered in small, keeled scales that give rise to the species' common name (2).
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Habitat ( Inglês )

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Historically inhabited tropical hardwood forest and palm savannah, but since the introduction of goats and rabbits to the island much of this habitat has been destroyed. As a result of habitat degradation the boa currently persists in degraded palm savannah and shrub layer vegetation (7).
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Range ( Inglês )

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Found only on Round Island off the north coast of Mauritius in the Indian Ocean (4).
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Status ( Inglês )

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Classified as Endangered (EN - D) on the IUCN Red List 2002 (1), and listed on Appendix I of CITES (3).
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Threats ( Inglês )

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Habitat loss has been rife throughout the Mascarene Islands. Vast tracts of native forest (over 90%) have been cleared to make way for agriculture and on Round Island the introduction of rabbits and goats has further damaged native flora (5); however, these were removed during the 1980's. Perhaps 500 adults remain (with a total population of approximately 1000 individuals) on the 159-hectare Round Island (7).
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Distribution ( Inglês )

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Continent: Indian-Ocean
Distribution: Round Island (off the coast of Mauritius)
Type locality: Round Island
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Round-Island-Boa ( Alemão )

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Die Round-Island-Boa (Casarea dussumieri), auch als Kielschuppenboa bezeichnet, ist die einzige Art der Gattung Casarea innerhalb der Familie der Bolyerschlangen. Sie ist endemisch auf der kleinen Insel Round Island bei Mauritius. Sie darf nicht verwechselt werden mit der vermutlich ausgestorbenen Mauritiusboa (Bolyeria multocarinata) aus der monotypischen Schlangengattung Bolyeria, die ebenfalls nur auf Round Island vorkam. Die Round-Island-Boa ist vom Aussterben bedroht und gehört zu den seltensten Schlangen der Welt.

Beschreibung

Die Round-Island-Boa ist eine ungiftige, schlanke Schlange, die eine Länge bis 150 cm erreicht. Die Oberseite ist dunkelbraun. Die Unterseite ist heller und hat dunkle Tupfer. Das Schuppenkleid besteht aus kielförmigen Schuppen.

Verbreitung und Lebensraum

Der Lebensraum der Round-Island-Boa ist auf die kleine Insel Round Island bei Mauritius beschränkt. Früher lebte sie in den tropischen Hartholzwäldern und in der Palmsavanne. Heute kommt sie nur noch in einem kleinen Savannenareal mit spärlichen Palmbeständen vor.

Lebensweise

Die Round-Island-Boa ist überwiegend nachtaktiv und ernährt sich von endemischen Skinken und Geckos. Jungtiere und Männchen leben teilweise in Bäumen. Über ihrer Brutbiologie ist nur wenig bekannt. Es wird vermutet, dass die Brutzeit im April beginnt, obwohl junge Schlangen das ganze Jahr über beobachtet werden. Das Gelege besteht aus zwölf weichschaligen Eiern und befindet sich vermutlich in hohlen Palmstämmen oder unter Laub. Nach einer verhältnismäßig langen Brutzeit von 90 Tagen schlüpfen die jungen Schlangen, die bei der Geburt ungefähr 5 Gramm wiegen und eine hellorange Färbung des Schuppenkleides aufweisen.

Gefährdung

90 % des ursprünglichen Hartholzwaldes auf Round Island wurden gerodet und mussten Ackerbauflächen weichen. Um das Jahr 1840 wurden Kaninchen und Ziegen auf Round Island eingeführt, die die Vegetation sehr stark zerstörten und somit zur Bodenerosion beitrugen. Mehrere Pflanzenarten, die den endemischen Tierarten, wie den Skinken oder den Schlangen Schutz und Lebensraum boten, sind deshalb ausgestorben oder extrem selten. Vom einstigen botanischen Reichtum der Insel ist nur noch ein spärlicher Rest übrig, der zudem durch tropische Stürme gefährdet ist. Die Ziegen und Kaninchen wurden in den 1980er Jahren auf Initiative der Mauritian Wildlife Foundation von der Insel entfernt. Heute leben vielleicht etwa 500 erwachsene Schlangen auf Round Island (mit einer geschätzten Gesamtpopulation von ungefähr 1000 Exemplaren).

Weblinks

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Round-Island-Boa: Brief Summary ( Alemão )

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Die Round-Island-Boa (Casarea dussumieri), auch als Kielschuppenboa bezeichnet, ist die einzige Art der Gattung Casarea innerhalb der Familie der Bolyerschlangen. Sie ist endemisch auf der kleinen Insel Round Island bei Mauritius. Sie darf nicht verwechselt werden mit der vermutlich ausgestorbenen Mauritiusboa (Bolyeria multocarinata) aus der monotypischen Schlangengattung Bolyeria, die ebenfalls nur auf Round Island vorkam. Die Round-Island-Boa ist vom Aussterben bedroht und gehört zu den seltensten Schlangen der Welt.

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Round Island boa ( Inglês )

fornecido por wikipedia EN

The Round Island boa (Casarea dussumieri),[4] also known commonly as the Round Island keel-scaled boa[1] and the Round Island ground boa,[1] is a species of nonvenomous snake in the monotypic genus Casarea in the family Bolyeriidae.[5][6] The species is endemic to Round Island, Mauritius. No subspecies are currently recognized.[4][6]

Etymology

The specific name, dussumieri, is in honor of Jean-Jacques Dussumier, a French merchant, ship owner, and collector of zoological specimens.[7]

Description

Adult female

Adults of C. dussumieri are slender and reach a maximum total length (including tail) of 150 cm (5 ft). The males have slimmer, more pointed heads and have shorter bodies than the females. The body is covered in small keeled scales that give the species one of its common names. The genus is unique among extant vertebrates as it has a split jaw (intramaxilliary joint that separates anterior and posterior bones), an adaptation that may be advantageous in catching its main prey of geckos and skinks.

The colour pattern is dark brown dorsally, the belly being lighter with dark spots. Over a 24-hour period the boa has a shift in colour, changing from "dark" during its relatively inactive day time period to "light" in the early evening through to dawn when it is most active. This effect is created through polychromatic skin cells.

Geographic range

C. dussumieri is known to survive on Round Island, but has been recorded on the islands of Gunner's Quoin, Flat Island, Ile de la Pas, and on mainland Mauritius (as subfossil remains).[3]

The type locality is "I'île ronde, près de Maurice " (Round Island, Mauritius).[3]

Between 11 and 31 October 2012 the boa was reintroduced into Gunner's Quoin as part of a joint collaborative project involving the Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust, the Mauritian Wildlife Foundation, and the National Parks and Conservation Service of Mauritius.[8]

Conservation status

The species C. dussumieri is classified as Endangered (E) on the IUCN Red List for the following criteria: D (v2.3, 1994).[1] This means that, although it is not critically endangered, for some time it has faced a very high risk of extinction in the wild. In 1996 the population was estimated to number less than 250 mature individuals.[9]

Recent conservation efforts have seen an increase in the number of adult Round Island boas to around 1,000. This has been achieved by eradicating goats and rabbits from the island and restoring natural habitat, which has led to an increase of the Round Island boas’ natural prey, lizards. In recent breeding efforts, Round Island boas in captivity have been fed by scenting small mice with chicken thigh meat.

Reproduction

In C. dussumieri, breeding begins during April, although young have been observed throughout the year. A clutch of up to 12 soft-shelled eggs may be laid amongst leaf litter or in hollow palm trunks, and is sometimes attended by the female. Incubation is unusually long for a snake, lasting about 90 days. The young are bright orange at birth and weigh less than 5 grams.

References

  1. ^ a b c d Cole, N.; Hector, A.; Roopa, P.; Mootoocurpen, R.; Goder, M. (2018). "Casarea dussumieri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T3989A152276140. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T3989A152276140.en. Retrieved 17 November 2021.
  2. ^ "Appendices | CITES". cites.org. Retrieved 2022-01-14.
  3. ^ a b c d McDiarmid RW, Campbell JA, Touré TA (1999). Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, Volume 1. Washington, District of Columbia: Herpetologists' League. 511 pp. ISBN 1-893777-00-6 (series). ISBN 1-893777-01-4 (volume).
  4. ^ a b "Casarea dussumieri ". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 16 August 2007.
  5. ^ "Casarea Gray, 1842". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
  6. ^ a b Casarea dussumieri at the Reptarium.cz Reptile Database. Accessed 25 March 2015.
  7. ^ Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. ISBN 978-1-4214-0135-5. (Casarea dussumieri, p. 78).
  8. ^ "Blog | Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust".
  9. ^ 1994 Categories & Criteria (version 2.3)IUCN Red List. Accessed 16 August 2007.
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Round Island boa: Brief Summary ( Inglês )

fornecido por wikipedia EN

The Round Island boa (Casarea dussumieri), also known commonly as the Round Island keel-scaled boa and the Round Island ground boa, is a species of nonvenomous snake in the monotypic genus Casarea in the family Bolyeriidae. The species is endemic to Round Island, Mauritius. No subspecies are currently recognized.

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Casarea ( Estônio )

fornecido por wikipedia ET

Casarea[1] on maoperekond.

Klassifikatsioon

Perekond Casarea on roomajate andmebaasis ülemsugukonda klassifitseerimata (incertae sedis).

Perekonda Casarea klassifitseeritakse roomajate andmebaasis üksainus maoliik[2]:

Viited

  1. Loomade elu 5:261.
  2. Peter Uetz & Jakob Hallermann, Casarea Roomajate andmebaas veebiversioon (vaadatud 14.11.2013) (inglise keeles)

Välislingid

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Casarea: Brief Summary ( Estônio )

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Casarea on maoperekond.

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Casarea dussumieri ( Basco )

fornecido por wikipedia EU

Casarea dussumieri Casarea generoko animalia da. Narrastien barruko Bolyeridae familian sailkatuta dago.

Erreferentziak

  1. (Ingelesez)IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. www.iucnredlist.org. 2012ko urriaren 20an eskuratua.
  2. The Species 2000 and ITIS Catalogue of Life

Ikus, gainera

(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
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Casarea dussumieri: Brief Summary ( Basco )

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Casarea dussumieri Casarea generoko animalia da. Narrastien barruko Bolyeridae familian sailkatuta dago.

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Casarea dussumieri ( Francês )

fornecido por wikipedia FR

Casarea dussumieri, unique représentant du genre Casarea, est une espèce de serpents de la famille des Bolyeriidae[1]. En français cette espèce est appelée Boa de l'île Ronde de Schlegel[réf. souhaitée].

Répartition

Cette espèce est endémique de l'île Ronde, un îlot à quelques kilomètres au nord de l'île Maurice[1].

Étymologie

Le nom scientifique de cette espèce fait référence à Jean-Jacques Dussumier (1792-1883), un marin de la marine française ayant collecté de nombreux spécimens de ce reptile. Son nom vernaculaire commémore le zoologiste allemand Hermann Schlegel (1804-1884).

Publications originales

  • Gray, 1842 : Synopsis of the species of prehensile-tailed Snakes, or family Boidae. Zoological Miscellany, London, vol. 2, p. 41-46 (texte intégral).
  • Schlegel, 1837 : Essai sur la physionomie des serpens, La Haye, J. Kips, J. HZ. et W. P. van Stockum, (texte intégral : vol. 1 & vol. 2).

Voir aussi

Notes et références

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Casarea dussumieri: Brief Summary ( Francês )

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Casarea dussumieri, unique représentant du genre Casarea, est une espèce de serpents de la famille des Bolyeriidae. En français cette espèce est appelée Boa de l'île Ronde de Schlegel[réf. souhaitée].

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Casarea dussumieri ( Italiano )

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Il boa terrestre di Round Island (Casarea dussumieri ((Schlegel, 1837)) è un serpente endemico di Round Island (Mauritius). È unica specie nota del genere Casarea e l'unica specie vivente della famiglia Bolyeridae.[1][2]

L'epiteto specifico è un omaggio all'armatore francese Jean-Jacques Dussumier (1792-1883).

Biologia

È una specie ovipara.[2]

Distribuzione e habitat

Casarea dussumieri è un endemismo ristretto all'isola di Round Island, una piccola isoletta vulcanica di appena 1,69 km² che sorge a nord-est di Mauritius.[1]

Conservazione

La IUCN Red List classifica Casarea dussumieri come specie in pericolo di estinzione (Endangered).[1]

Note

  1. ^ a b c d (EN) Madagascar Reptile & Amphibian Specialist Group 1996, Casarea dussumieri, su IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Versione 2020.2, IUCN, 2020. URL consultato il 30 settembre 2016.
  2. ^ a b (EN) Casarea dussumieri, in The Reptile Database. URL consultato il 30 settembre 2016.

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Casarea dussumieri: Brief Summary ( Italiano )

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Il boa terrestre di Round Island (Casarea dussumieri ((Schlegel, 1837)) è un serpente endemico di Round Island (Mauritius). È unica specie nota del genere Casarea e l'unica specie vivente della famiglia Bolyeridae.

L'epiteto specifico è un omaggio all'armatore francese Jean-Jacques Dussumier (1792-1883).

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Raundas boa ( Letão )

fornecido por wikipedia LV

Raundas boa (Casarea dussumieri) ir Maskarēnu žņaudzējčūsku dzimtas (Bolyeriidae) suga un viena no retākajām čūskām pasaulē. Vienīgā izdzīvojusī savvaļas populācija bija saglabājusies nelielajā Raundas salā.

Abu Raundas salā sastopamo Maskarēnu dzimtas sugu čūskas nav indīgas. Otra dzimtas suga — Raundas alu boa (Bolyeria multocarinata) — nav redzēta kopš 1975. gada un tiek uzskatīta par izmirušu.[1]

Nosaukums

Sugas latīniskais nosaukums ir par godu franču ceļotājam un tirgotājam Žanam-Žakam Dussumieri, kurš Indijas okeānā savāca lielu skaitu zinātnei līdz tam nezināmu molusku un zivju kolekciju.

Izskats

Garums 1—1,5 m. Ķermeni klāj nelielas zvīņas, katra no tām beidzas ar izteiktu ķīli. Pieaugušo mugura pamatā tumši brūna, vēders gaišāks ar tumšiem plankumiem. Diennakts laikā boa maina krāsu no tumšākas dienas gaišajā periodā līdz gaišākai posmā no vakara mijkrēšļa līdz rītausmai. Mazuļu krāsa stipri atšķiras no pieaugušo čūsku atturīgā krāsojuma — tie ir košā ķieģeļkrāsā ar dzelteniem plankumiem. Šādi grāmatā "Sārtie baloži un zeltainie sikspārņi" pieaugušu Raundas boa apraksta Džeralds Darels:

"Boa bija apmēram trīs pēdas gara, pamatā olīvzaļa ar nespodri dzelteniem plankumiem uz astes pusi. Galva tai bija garena un šaura, gandrīz lapas formā. Kopumā šī čūska nemaz neizskatījās pēc boa'".

Izplatība

Agrāk bija sastopama Maurīcijā un apkārtējās saliņās. Kolonizācijas laikā izdzīvoja vienīgi Raundā, sekmīgi reintroducēta Ganerskveinā.

Dzīvesveids

Aktīva naktīs. Sākotnēji dzīvoja cietkoku mežos un palmu savannās. Pēc vides degradācijas boa mitinās izdzīvojušās palmu audzēs un krūmājos. Dienas laikā gozējas latānijas palmu vēdekļos un sauso lapu vainagā, kas nokarājas līdz palmu pamatnei. Pārtiek no salā sastopamajām ķirzakām un putnu mazuļiem.[2]

Aizsardzība

IUCN Sarkanajā grāmatā Raundas boa šobrīd ierindojusi apdraudēto sugu sarakstā. Salas veģetācija un fauna bija stipri cietusi no tur ievazātajām invazīvajām sugāmkazām un trušiem. 20. gadsimta 80. gados šīs sugas tika izskaustas, ļaujot salai pamazām atgūt savu sākotnējo dabisko vidi. 1996. gadā savvaļā bija atlikušas ne vairāk par 250 čūskām. Taču dzīvesvides atjaunošanas rezultātā to populācija 2012. gadā bija pieaugusi jau līdz 1400 īpatņiem.

2012. gadā Maurīcijas savvaļas fonds sadarbībā ar Darela savvaļas dzīvnieku aizsardzības trestu no Raundas rūpīgi pārveda 30 boa tēviņus un 30 mātītes uz Ganerskveinas saliņu, kuru tās kādreiz apdzīvoja. 2013. gadā tur tika konstatēti Raundas boa jaunuļi, kas liecināja par sekmīgi īstenotu boa reintrodukcijas programmu Ganerskveinā.[2][3][4]

Atsauces

  1. Bolyeria multocarinata, Sarkanā grāmata
  2. 2,0 2,1 The Native Plants and Animals of Mauritius. The Mauritian Wildlife Foundation. Keel-scaled Boa; boa de I'le Ronde; Casarea dussumieri; page 15. ISBN 978-999493802-5
  3. Round Island boa, Durrell trust
  4. Saving species from extinction

Literatūra

  • Zeltainie sikspārņi un sārtie baloži. Džeralds Darels. Rīga. Zinātne. 1981.
  • Šķirsta jubileja. Džeralds Darels. Nordik. 2003. ISBN 9984-751-12-0
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Raundas boa: Brief Summary ( Letão )

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Raundas boa (Casarea dussumieri) ir Maskarēnu žņaudzējčūsku dzimtas (Bolyeriidae) suga un viena no retākajām čūskām pasaulē. Vienīgā izdzīvojusī savvaļas populācija bija saglabājusies nelielajā Raundas salā.

Abu Raundas salā sastopamo Maskarēnu dzimtas sugu čūskas nav indīgas. Otra dzimtas suga — Raundas alu boa (Bolyeria multocarinata) — nav redzēta kopš 1975. gada un tiek uzskatīta par izmirušu.

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