nomes no trilho de navegação
Aciphylla és un gènere amb unes 40 espècies de plantes dins la família Apiaceae, és endèmic de Nova Zelanda i Austràlia. Generalment creixen amb grans espines envoltades de rosetes de fulles punxegudes. Algunes espècies reben el nom comú de Spaniard Grass (literalment:Herba espanyola).
Aciphylla és un gènere amb unes 40 espècies de plantes dins la família Apiaceae, és endèmic de Nova Zelanda i Austràlia. Generalment creixen amb grans espines envoltades de rosetes de fulles punxegudes. Algunes espècies reben el nom comú de Spaniard Grass (literalment:Herba espanyola).
Aciphylla is a genus of about 40 species of herbaceous plants in the family Apiaceae, all but two of them endemic to New Zealand (the remaining two species are found only in Australia). They range from small cushion plants to tall flower spikes surrounded by rosettes of stiff, pointed leaves, the latter probably adaptations to prevent browsing by moa. Their common name is speargrass or Spaniard. Most Acipylla species live in subalpine or alpine habitats in the South Island. Fragrant oil extracted from some large species, known as taramea, is still used as a perfume by Māori.
Like other species in the family Apiaceae, speargrasses have taproots and small flowers, which are clustered into inflorescences called umbels.[1] Species can be distinguished by size, habit, flower head and bract size and shape, leaf shape, and the type of stipules growing at the leaf base.[2] Speargrasses in the A. aurea group (six species and three tag-named taxa) have milky sap, while most other species have clear sap.[3] Aciphylla is dioecious, with separate male and female plants which do not flower every year. Because of this, identifying plants to species can depend on leaf characters and locality.[4] The seeds of Aciphylla are winged schizocarps dispersed by the wind.[5]
Many species of speargrass have tough, rigid leaves and flower bracts tipped with long sharp spikes, arranged in one or more rosettes which present spines in every direction. This form is hypothesised to have evolved to deter browsing by birds: the extinct giant moa.[2] The two large-leaved species endemic to the Chatham Islands, which never had moa, have soft leaves without spikes.[1]
Speargrasses range from small, inconspicuous herbs to large spiky mounds, but they take four main forms:[4]
Around 38–40 species of Aciphylla are recognised, along with 9 forms known only by informal tag names, which may or may not represent distinct species.[1][4] The genus is in need of taxonomic revision: some species may be hybrids; similar species with adjoining distributions such as Aciphylla aurea and A. ferox may in fact be the same species; and tag-named taxa such as Aciphylla "Cass" may belong in an existing species, or need formal description and naming.[3] The following species list is from Mark (2021)[4] with some names from Salmon (1991):[6]
There are also two Australian species:
All but two species of Aciphylla are confined to New Zealand; the remaining two are endemic to Australia. Most species live in or near the alpine zone, but they range from mountains to coast. The group reaches its highest diversity in the South Island.[1][4]
Māori on occasion plaited sandals out of Aciphylla leaves for travel over snowy terrain. More important, though, was the aromatic gum extracted from the leaves, used in scented oils and sachets.[7] The Ngāi Tahu people of the South Island knew the larger Aciphylla species, especially Aciphylla aurea, as taramea, and the resin (ware or wai-whenua) was referred to as ware-taramea.[8] The smaller Aciphylla species were not used as fragrance, although their taproot, known as papaī, was eaten.[8]
Taramea resin was traditionally collected by cutting or burning plants in the evening, and gathering the exuded gum in the morning. Leaves could also be gathered, plaited, and heated over several days to force out the gum into a gourd.[9] The ware-taramea was mixed with animal fat (from kererū, tītī,[9] weka, tūī, or kiore) to preserve the fragrance, and was worn in a pouch next to the skin known as a hei-taramea.[8] The aromatic gum was a valuable trade good and gift.
Taramea perfume is still prepared commercially by Ngāi Tahu, using a steam extraction method on hand-harvested leaves.[9]
Many Aciphylla species are threatened by introduced mammals, such as domestic sheep, hares (which can eat the leaves from the side to avoid the spiny tips), and feral pigs (which will dig up plants to eat the taproot).[1] Widespread conversion of the New Zealand high country for sheep farming and pasture is also a threat to the group.[1]
Aciphylla squarrosa has a species of beetle, the speargrass weevil (Lyperobius huttoni), which completely depends on it for food: adults feed on the leaves and flower stalks, and larvae on the roots, although it appears to do little damage to adult speargrass. The decline of A. squarrosa on the mainland and predation by rats and mice had reduced the North Island L. huttoni population by the 2000s to around 150 individuals, living on cliffs of Wellington's south coast.[10] A. squarrosa grows at low altitudes on both the south coast and nearby rodent-free Mana Island, so in 2006–2007 40 weevils were translocated to a speargrass patch on Mana, where they have bred successfully and spread.[11]
In the Chatham Islands Aciphylla dieffenbachii is the sole host of another endangered flightless weevil, Hadramphus spinipennis or coxella weevil.[12] Both weevil and its host are threatened by browsing mammals.
Aciphylla is a genus of about 40 species of herbaceous plants in the family Apiaceae, all but two of them endemic to New Zealand (the remaining two species are found only in Australia). They range from small cushion plants to tall flower spikes surrounded by rosettes of stiff, pointed leaves, the latter probably adaptations to prevent browsing by moa. Their common name is speargrass or Spaniard. Most Acipylla species live in subalpine or alpine habitats in the South Island. Fragrant oil extracted from some large species, known as taramea, is still used as a perfume by Māori.
Aciphylla es un género de alrededor de 40 especies de plantas perteneciente a la familia Apiaceae, endémico de Nueva Zelanda y Australia. Crece como tallos erectos sobre una roseta de hojas puntiagudas.[1]
El género fue descrito por J.R. Forster & G. Forster y publicado en Characteres Generum Plantarum 68. 1775.[2] La especie tipo es: Aciphylla squarrosa J.R. Forst. & G. Forst.
Aciphylla es un género de alrededor de 40 especies de plantas perteneciente a la familia Apiaceae, endémico de Nueva Zelanda y Australia. Crece como tallos erectos sobre una roseta de hojas puntiagudas.
Aciphylla est un genre de plantes à fleurs de la famille des Apiaceae. Il comprend plus de quarante espèces principalement subalpines à alpines, endémiques de Nouvelle-Zélande et d'Australie. Aciphylla squarrosa est l'espèce type. La majorité d'entre elles se reconnaissent à leurs feuilles distinctement coriaces et/ou spinescentes, d'où le nom scientifique Aciphylla, de aki - « pointe » en grec, et phyllon « feuilles ». Certaines espèces sont largement cultivées ; les plus grandes sont appréciées comme ornementales en horticulture[2].
Ce genre est décrit en 1775 par les naturalistes allemands Johann Reinhold Forster et Georg Forster[1], pour l'espèce type Aciphylla squarrosa[4].
Le genre Coxella Cheeseman & Hemsl. est synonyme de Aciphylla[3].
Anisotome est le genre le plus proche de Aciphylla. Ces deux genres sont placés dans un groupe monophylétique avec les genres australasiens Gingidia, Scandia et Lignocarpa[2].
Aciphylla est un genre de plantes à fleurs de la famille des Apiaceae. Il comprend plus de quarante espèces principalement subalpines à alpines, endémiques de Nouvelle-Zélande et d'Australie. Aciphylla squarrosa est l'espèce type. La majorité d'entre elles se reconnaissent à leurs feuilles distinctement coriaces et/ou spinescentes, d'où le nom scientifique Aciphylla, de aki - « pointe » en grec, et phyllon « feuilles ». Certaines espèces sont largement cultivées ; les plus grandes sont appréciées comme ornementales en horticulture.
Aciphylla é un xénero de arredor de 40 especies de plantas pertencente á familia Apiaceae, endémico de Nova Zelandia e Australia. Crece como talos erectos sobre unha roseta de follas puntiagudas.[1]
O xénero foi descrito por J.R. Forster & G. Forster e publicado en Characteres Generum Plantarum 68. 1775.[2] A especie tipo é: Aciphylla squarrosa J.R. Forst. & G. Forst.
Aciphylla é un xénero de arredor de 40 especies de plantas pertencente á familia Apiaceae, endémico de Nova Zelandia e Australia. Crece como talos erectos sobre unha roseta de follas puntiagudas.
Acifila (lat. Aciphylla), rold trajnica i grmova iz porodice štitarki. Postoji 44 priznate vrste[1]
Acifila (lat. Aciphylla), rold trajnica i grmova iz porodice štitarki. Postoji 44 priznate vrste
Aciphylla J.R. Forster & G. Forster, 1775 è un genere di piante della famiglia Apiaceae[1][2]. Alcune specie sono note con il nome di Spaniard grass (erba spagnola).
Le piante di questo genere crescono solitamente come alte spighe attorniate da rosette di foglie dure ed appuntite.
Il genere è endemico di Nuova Zelanda ed Australia.
Il genere Aciphylla comprende le seguenti 54 specie[3]:
Aciphylla J.R. Forster & G. Forster, 1775 è un genere di piante della famiglia Apiaceae. Alcune specie sono note con il nome di Spaniard grass (erba spagnola).
Aciphylla is een geslacht uit de schermbloemenfamilie (Apiaceae). Het geslacht telt ongeveer veertig soorten die endemisch zijn in Australië en Nieuw-Zeeland.
Aciphylla aurea
Aciphylla dieffenbachii
Aciphylla glacialis
Aciphylla glaucescens
Aciphylla subflabellata
Aciphylla is een geslacht uit de schermbloemenfamilie (Apiaceae). Het geslacht telt ongeveer veertig soorten die endemisch zijn in Australië en Nieuw-Zeeland.
Jeżyca, acyfylla (Aciphylla) – rodzaj roślin z rodziny selerowatych (Apiaceae). Obejmuje 45[3] gatunków występujących głównie na Nowej Zelandii, poza tym kilka rośnie w Australii. Niektóre gatunki uprawiane jako rośliny ozdobne[4].
Zimotrwałe byliny z tęgim korzeniem palowym. Liście trójdzielne lub pierzaste, często o listkach sztywnych i kłujących. Kwiaty jednopłciowe (rośliny zwykle dwupienne) zebrane w baldachy złożone[5].
Przedstawiciel podrodziny Apioideae w obrębie rodziny selerowatych (Apiaceae) należącej do rzędu selerowców (Apiales) reprezentującego dwuliścienne właściwe[1].
Jeżyca, acyfylla (Aciphylla) – rodzaj roślin z rodziny selerowatych (Apiaceae). Obejmuje 45 gatunków występujących głównie na Nowej Zelandii, poza tym kilka rośnie w Australii. Niektóre gatunki uprawiane jako rośliny ozdobne.
Aciphylla é um género botânico pertencente à família Apiaceae.[1][2]
Aciphylla là chi thực vật có hoa trong họ Apiaceae.[1]
Bài viết chủ đề phân họ Cần này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn. Aciphylla là chi thực vật có hoa trong họ Apiaceae.
刺刀草屬是傘形科下的一屬，包含有40個左右的物種，原生於紐西蘭和澳洲。刺刀草一般長得像被堅硬、尖銳的葉叢所圍繞的長矛。
这是一篇傘形目小作品。你可以通过编辑或修订扩充其内容。 
