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Solenostemon scutellarioides (lat. Solenostemon scutellarioides) - dalamazkimilər fəsiləsinin solenostemon cinsinə aid bitki növü.
Solenostemon scutellarioides (lat. Solenostemon scutellarioides) - dalamazkimilər fəsiləsinin solenostemon cinsinə aid bitki növü.
Die Buntnessel (Solenostemon scutellarioides, Syn.: Plectranthus scutellarioides, Coleus blumei) ist eine Pflanzenart aus der Familie der Lippenblütler (Lamiaceae).
Die Buntnessel ist eine ausdauernde, krautige Pflanze und erreicht Wuchshöhen von 30 bis 80 Zentimeter. Die Blätter sind krautig, die Stängel verholzen von unten. Bei den Blüten sind die oberen Kelchzipfel aufrecht und breit eiförmig. Die seitlichen Kelchzipfel sind kürzer als die oberen, eiförmig, halbkreisförmig und stumpf. Die seitlichen Kelchzipfel sind schmal dreieckig. Die Kronröhre ist gekniet. Die Kronoberlippe ist zwei- bis vierlappig. Die Kronunterlippe ist kahnförmig. Der Pflanzensaft verbreitet bei Verletzung der Blätter oder Stängel einen angenehmen, frischen Geruch.
Die Blütezeit reicht von Juni bis Oktober. Die Pflanze ist besonders frostempfindlich und stellt bereits unterhalb von ca. 7 Grad Celsius ihr Wachstum ein.
Die Buntnessel kommt vom tropischen und subtropischen Asien bis ins nördliche Australien an Flussufern, auf Feldern und in Wäldern wild vor.[1] Sie wird als Zimmerpflanze und auch im Außenbereich als Zierpflanze für Sommerrabatten genutzt. Die Art wird einjährig kultiviert und ist seit mindestens 1851 in Kultur.
Plectranthus scutellarioides (L.) R.Br. hat folgende Synonyme: Ocimum scutellarioides L., Plectranthus aromaticus Roxb., Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth., Plectranthus nudiflorus (Poir.) Willd., Plectranthus ingratus Blume, Plectranthus laciniatus Blume, Coleus atropurpureus Benth., Coleus acuminatus Benth., Coleus grandifolius Benth., Coleus multiflorus Benth., Coleus secundiflorus Benth., Coleus pumilus Blanco und Coleus blancoi Benth.[1]
Es gibt zahlreiche Sorten und viele Hybride, deren Blätter rot, gelb, grün oder braun gezeichnet sind.
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Die Buntnessel (Solenostemon scutellarioides, Syn.: Plectranthus scutellarioides, Coleus blumei) ist eine Pflanzenart aus der Familie der Lippenblütler (Lamiaceae).
Coleus scutellarioides, commonly known as coleus, is a species of flowering plant in the family Lamiaceae (the mint or deadnettle family), native to southeast Asia through to Australia. Typically growing to 60–75 cm (24–30 in) tall and wide, it is a bushy, woody-based evergreen perennial, widely grown for the highly decorative variegated leaves found in cultivated varieties.[2] Another common name is painted nettle,[3] reflecting its relationship to deadnettles (Lamium species), which are in the same family. (True nettles and their close kin are in the distant family Urticaceae.) The synonyms Coleus blumei, Plectranthus scutellarioides and Solenostemon scutellarioides are also widely used for this species.
Coleus scutellarioides is an upright annual or short-lived perennial plant. It may be as much as 1 m (3 ft) tall, with well-branched, more-or-less four-sided stems.[4] Shorter, more trailing forms have sometimes been described as separate species, under names such as Coleus pumilus[4] or Solenostemon pumilus,[5] but are all now considered part of the very variable C. scutellarioides.[4] The species is extremely variable in the colour and shape of the leaves. They are somewhat fleshy, varying in size from 1.5–10 cm (0.6–3.9 in) long by 1–6 cm (0.4–2.4 in) wide, generally ovate in shape, and borne on petioles (stalks) from 0.5–5 cm (0.2–2.0 in) long. The leaf margin is divided to a variable degree. Hairs are present on both sides of the leaf.[4]
The inflorescence is borne on the end of a stem and, like the leaves, is very variable in size; it may be up to 4 cm (1.6 in) long, with few or many flowers. The calyx is bell-shaped, initially only 1–2 mm (0.04–0.08 in) long, but lengthening to 5–7 mm (0.2–0.3 in) when in fruit. The bluish-purple petals are joined to form a typical two-lipped labiate flower, 8–10 mm (0.3–0.4 in) long. The stamens are joined for about half their length and are covered by the upper lip of the flower. The fruit is described as a "nutlet", and is black, about 1 mm (0.04 in) long.[4]
The leaves of the wild species may be somewhat variegated,[4] but this has been developed to an extreme degree in cultivated varieties, whose leaves may include one or more shades of green, white, cream, yellow, pink, red, maroon and dark purple. Green coloration is due to the amount of chlorophyll present in the chloroplasts in the leaves. Red, purple, pink, and orange colors are due to anthocyanins – water-soluble, flavonoid biosynthetic pigments, found in the foliage in addition to chlorophyll. The increase in anthocyanin production is accompanied by a decrease in chlorophyll production. The production of anthocyanins and chlorophyll is affected by light levels; the more light is present, the more anthocyanins are produced, with an inverse relationship to the production of chlorophyll. Anthocyanins are created inside the cell and facilitate photosynthesis in leaves that are exposed to very intense or prolonged sunlight by providing protection from damage caused by ultraviolet light. Some coleus cultivars over-produce anthocyanins and under-produce chlorophyll to the extent that optimal growth is prevented.[6]
The species was first described by Carl Linnaeus in 1763, as Ocimum scutellarioides. The genus Ocimum is best known for Ocimum basilicum, sweet basil. The specific epithet scutellarioides (with the suffix -oides) means "Scutellaria-like". Scutellaria is a genus also in the Lamiaceae; its name is derived from the Latin scutella, meaning a small dish or bowl.[7]
Genera and species related to Ocimum, placed in the tribe Ocimeae, have been the subject of considerable taxonomic confusion,[8] and C. scutellarioides has been placed in several genera and been given multiple synonyms. Robert Brown transferred O. scutellarioides to the genus Plectranthus in 1810. George Bentham transferred it to the genus Coleus as Coleus scutellarioides in 1830, and in 1832 also described Coleus blumei, now regarded as just a variant of this species. Placement in the genus Coleus led to the name "coleus", still widely used by horticulturalists and gardeners, and now treated as a common name for this species. It was transferred to Solenostemon by Leslie E. W. Codd in 1975.[4]
A major phylogenetic study of the subtribe Plectranthinae in 2018 showed that the genus Plectranthus, as then circumscribed, was not monophyletic, and the authors proposed re-instating Coleus, then wholly submerged in Plectranthus.[9] A summary cladogram for the subtribe Plectranthinae, based on the 2018 study, was published in 2019, along with names in Coleus for all the species recognized in that genus.[10] In the version of the cladogram below, the three genera that formed part of Plectranthus s.l. are highlighted.
Tribe OcimeaeSubtribe Ociminae
Subtribe PlectranthinaeAlvesia (3 spp.)
Aeollanthus (42 spp.)
Tetradenia + Thorncroftia (29 spp.)
Plectranthus (72 spp.)
Capitanopsis (6 spp.)
Equilabium (42 spp.)
Coleus (294 spp., including Coleus scutellarioides)
Coleus scutellarioides is native from southeast Asia through to Australia (the Bismarck Archipelago, Borneo, Cambodia, Southeast China, Java, Laos, the Lesser Sunda Islands, Peninsular Malaysia, Maluku, Myanmar, Nansei-shoto, New Guinea, Northern Territory, Philippines, Queensland, the Solomon Islands, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam, and Western Australia). It is cultivated worldwide and may be naturalized in other tropical regions.[1] In its native habitat, it is found at elevations of 100–1,600 m (330–5,250 ft), where it flowers and fruits throughout the year.[4] It is winter hardy to USDA Zones 10–11.[11]
The species was first introduced into Europe from Java in 1851 by a Dutch horticulturalist. At this time, there were few leaf colors and shapes. A wider variety was available by 1877, when the American William Bull offered seeds at 43 US cents each. However, by selecting for seed production, early flowering was inadvertently favored, and leaf color also declined in intensity. Coleus breeding revived in the early 1940s, and by the 1980s, the availability of an improved range of cultivars led to coleus becoming the tenth most important bedding crop in the US. More recently, vegetative propagation has enabled cultivars with novel leaf colors and shapes to be offered for sale. Plants with trailing as well as upright habits are now available.[12]
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The leaves of cultivars typically show sharp contrasts between their colors; particular leaves may be several shades of green, pink, yellow, "black" (a very dark purple), maroon, cream, white, and red (somewhat resembling the unrelated Caladium). The leaf shape also varies from broadly ovate to more narrowly lanceolate. The leaf margins may have small or large teeth or be wavy, as may the whole leaf. New cultivars with different leaf shapes and color combinations are constantly being created.
The following cultivars have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit:[13]
In cultivation, plants grow well in moist well-drained soil, and are usually 0.5–1 m (1.6–3.3 ft) tall, though some may grow as tall as 2 m (6.6 ft). Coleus are grown as ornamental plants. They are heat-tolerant, but they do less well in full sun in subtropical areas than in the shade. In areas without freezing temperatures, plants can usually be kept as perennials if well managed. In colder areas, they are often grown as annuals, since the plants are not hardy and become leggy with age. In bright, hot areas, the colors of the plant are typically more intense in shade than in full sun, and the plants require less water there. Coleus also make low-maintenance houseplants, and can often be propagated by clipping a piece of stem just below the leaves and putting the stem in water to root. Young inflorescences may be removed to keep plants more compact.[33]
There are two ways to propagate coleus. Seeds are inexpensive and easily obtainable, though named cultivars do not come true from seeds. To germinate seeds, simply sprinkle seeds on the soil surface and press down. Seeds require light to germinate, so should not be covered. They may be kept moist by growing in a container covered with plastic, or by misting seeds daily. Sprouts can show color in as little as two weeks. Alternatively, cuttings can be taken. Cuttings root readily in plain water, without the addition of rooting hormone (although it is still beneficial).
The downy mildew Peronospora sp. makes leaves brownish and can also cause leaf curling and twisting. It is harder to control this mildew on stems compared to leaves.[34] Another disease is impatiens necrotic spot virus which causes brown or yellow spots on leaves, rings, black or brown stem discoloration, and brown leaf veins, ultimately resulting in plant death. The disease is spread by an insect called a thrips that carries the virus from an infected plant to an uninfected one. It only takes a few of these insects to infect a whole greenhouse.[35]
Coleus scutellarioides, under the name Coleus blumei, has been reported to have very mild relaxing and/or hallucinogenic effects when consumed. The effects of the plant have not been scientifically explored in great detail, but the plant is known to have been used by the Mazatec people of southern Mexico for its mind-altering effects.[36]
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Cutting – after 14 days the roots are 6 cm long.
Inflorescence
Cultivar grown as a short standard
Coleus scutellarioides, commonly known as coleus, is a species of flowering plant in the family Lamiaceae (the mint or deadnettle family), native to southeast Asia through to Australia. Typically growing to 60–75 cm (24–30 in) tall and wide, it is a bushy, woody-based evergreen perennial, widely grown for the highly decorative variegated leaves found in cultivated varieties. Another common name is painted nettle, reflecting its relationship to deadnettles (Lamium species), which are in the same family. (True nettles and their close kin are in the distant family Urticaceae.) The synonyms Coleus blumei, Plectranthus scutellarioides and Solenostemon scutellarioides are also widely used for this species.
Plectranthus scutellarioides, comúnmente conocido como cóleo, cretona o vergüenza (en Puerto Rico), es una especie de planta perteneciente a la familia Lamiaceae, nativa del sudeste asiático hasta Australia. Por lo general, crece a 60-75 cm de alto y ancho, es una planta de hoja perenne, arbustiva, ampliamente cultivada para las hojas variegadas altamente decorativas que se encuentran en las variedades cultivadas.[1] Otro nombre común es "ortiga pintada",[2] que refleja su relación con especies de Lamium, que pertenecen a la misma familia. (Las ortigas verdaderas y sus parientes cercanos pertenecen a la familia Urticaceae.) Los sinónimos Coleus blumei y Solenostemon scutellarioides también son nombres ampliamente utilizados para esta especie.
Las hojas de cultivares de cóleo varían en color, de amarillo pálido a púrpura oscuro; en variegación, de casi un color a muchos colores; en su forma, de simétrica a irregular, de ancha a angosta, y de márgenes dentados a lobulados.
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Las hojas de cultivares típicamente muestran contrastes marcados entre sus colores; las hojas particulares pueden ser de varios tonos de verdes, rosa, amarillo, "negro" (una púrpura muy oscura), marrón, crema, blanco, y rojo (un poco pareciéndose al no relacionado Caladium). La forma de hoja también varía de en términos generales aovado a más por poco lanceolado. Los márgenes de las hojas pueden tener dientes pequeños o grandes o ser ondulados, o ser una hoja de borde entero. Nuevos cultivares con formas de hoja diferente y combinaciones de color constantemente están siendo creados. Los siguientes cultivares han obtenido el premio de la Sociedad Hortícola Real de Mérito de Jardín:
La coloración verde se debe a la cantidad de clorofila presente en los cloroplastos en las hojas. Los colores rojo, púrpura, rosa y naranja se deben a antocianinas y a pigmentos solubles en agua, flavonoides biosintéticos, encontrados en el follaje además de clorofila. El aumento en la producción de antocianina está acompañado por una disminución en producción de clorofila. La producción de antocianinas y clorofila está afectada por niveles de luminosidad; a más luz presente, más antocianinas serán producidas, con una relación inversa a la producción de clorofila. Las antocianinas son creadas dentro de la célula y facilitan la fotosíntesis en hojas que están expuestas a luz solar muy intensa o prolongada ya que proporcionan protección del efecto de la luz ultravioleta. Algunos cultivares de cóleo sobreproducen antocianinas y subproducen clorofila en la medida que el crecimiento óptimo se va impidiendo.
Plectranthus scutellarioides, bajo el nombre Coleus blumei, ha sido informado de tener efectos relajantes y/o alucinógenos cuando es consumido. Los efectos de la planta no han sido científicamente explorados en gran detalle, pero se sabe que la planta ha sido utilizada por los indios mazatecos de México del sur por sus efectos psicotrópicos.[11]
Inflorescencia
Cultivar Crecido como estándar corto
Información sobre Plectrantus scutelaroides en Id Plantae (2019)
Datos: Q1009995
Multimedia:
Especies: Plectranthus scutellarioides
Plectranthus scutellarioides, comúnmente conocido como cóleo, cretona o vergüenza (en Puerto Rico), es una especie de planta perteneciente a la familia Lamiaceae, nativa del sudeste asiático hasta Australia. Por lo general, crece a 60-75 cm de alto y ancho, es una planta de hoja perenne, arbustiva, ampliamente cultivada para las hojas variegadas altamente decorativas que se encuentran en las variedades cultivadas. Otro nombre común es "ortiga pintada", que refleja su relación con especies de Lamium, que pertenecen a la misma familia. (Las ortigas verdaderas y sus parientes cercanos pertenecen a la familia Urticaceae.) Los sinónimos Coleus blumei y Solenostemon scutellarioides también son nombres ampliamente utilizados para esta especie.
Solenostemon scutellarioides, Coleus blumei • Plectranthe fausse-scutellaire
Plectranthus scutellarioides, la Plectranthe fausse-scutellaire, est une espèce de plantes de la famille des Lamiacées. C'est une plante ornementale originaire de Java. Les horticulteurs ont créé au cours du temps de très nombreuses variétés, hybrides et cultivars, si bien que la classification de ces « coléus » a été fréquemment révisée et fait encore parfois débat.
Planche botanique
Jeune plant
Floraison
Détail de la hampe florale
Différentes variétés et cultivars
Différentes variétés et cultivars
Différentes variétés et cultivars
Différentes variétés et cultivars
Plectranthus scutellarioides, dans le Norfolk Botanical Garden, Norfolk (Virginie)
Plectranthus scutellarioides, dans le Norfolk Botanical Garden, Norfolk (Virginie)
Cette plante est appréciée comme plante ornementale.
Les Mazatèques de l'Oaxaca l'utilisent pour ses propriétés psychotomimétiques et la désigne par le terme « El nene » (l'enfant) ou « El ahijado » (le filleul)[9].
En Nouvelle-Calédonie, cette plante est utilisée dans la pharmacopée traditionnelle kanak[10].
Cette espèce a été décrite pour la première fois en 1763 par le naturaliste suédois Carl von Linné (1707-1778) sous le nom de Ocimum scutellarioides (basionyme)[1].
Quelques synonymes parmi de nombreux autres selon ThePlantList, d'après la WCSP de Kew[11] :
Solenostemon scutellarioides, Coleus blumei • Plectranthe fausse-scutellaire
Plectranthus scutellarioides, la Plectranthe fausse-scutellaire, est une espèce de plantes de la famille des Lamiacées. C'est une plante ornementale originaire de Java. Les horticulteurs ont créé au cours du temps de très nombreuses variétés, hybrides et cultivars, si bien que la classification de ces « coléus » a été fréquemment révisée et fait encore parfois débat.
Miana,[1] iler[2] atau Coleus atropurpureus[1] (Plectranthus scutellarioides) adalah tanaman semak dengan tinggi dapat mencapai 1,5 m. Daunnya berkhasiat sebagai obat wasir, obat bisul, obat demam nifas, obat radang telinga dan obat haid tidak teratur. Tanaman ini memiliki nama lain, yaitu Sigresing (Batak), Adong-adong (Palembang), Jawek Kotok (Sunda), Iler (Jawa Tengah), Ati-ati (Bugis) dan Serewung (Minahasa).[3]
Termasuk tanaman semusim berbatang lunak dengan bentuk percabangan monopodial. Daunnya merupakan daun tunggal berbentuk bulat telur. Ujung daun meruncing dengan tepian rata dan pangkal yang tumpul. Pertulangannya menyirip dengan panjang 7-11 cm, lebar 5-7 cm, panjang tangkai ± 3 cm dan berwarna ungu.
Bunga Iler merupakan bunga majemuk berbentuk tandan di ujung batang. Kelopaknya berbentuk corong berwarna hijau muda. Mahkota bunga berbentuk bibir berwarna ungu keputih-putihan. Memiliki dua benang sari berwarna putih dan putik kecil yang berwarna ungu.
Buah Iler yang masih muda berwarna hijau dan berubah coklat pada saat matang atau tua. Bentuknya kotak dan bulat dan mengandung biji kecil, pipih, mengkilat serta berwarna hitam.
Tanaman berakar tunggang dengan warna kuning keputih-putihan.
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|accessdate= (bantuan) |accessdate= (bantuan) Miana, iler atau Coleus atropurpureus (Plectranthus scutellarioides) adalah tanaman semak dengan tinggi dapat mencapai 1,5 m. Daunnya berkhasiat sebagai obat wasir, obat bisul, obat demam nifas, obat radang telinga dan obat haid tidak teratur. Tanaman ini memiliki nama lain, yaitu Sigresing (Batak), Adong-adong (Palembang), Jawek Kotok (Sunda), Iler (Jawa Tengah), Ati-ati (Bugis) dan Serewung (Minahasa).
Il coleus (Coleus scutellarioides) o coleo[1] è una specie di pianta da fiore della famiglia delle Labiate, originaria dell'area che va dal sud-est asiatico fino all'Australia. In genere cresce fino a 60–75 cm di altezza e larghezza; è una perenne sempreverde cespugliosa, a base legnosa, ampiamente coltivata come pianta ornamentale da aiuola per le foglie variegate e multicolori, altamente decorative, che sono tipiche nelle varietà coltivate[2].
Il coleus è coltivato come pianta annuale o perenne di ciclo breve; dopo la fioritura può essere facilmente potata oppure riprodotta. Può essere alta fino a 1 m, con fusti ben ramificati, quadrangolari. La specie è estremamente variabile nel colore e nella forma delle foglie.
La specie fu descritta per la prima volta da Carlo Linneo nel 1763, come Ocimum scutellarioides. Il genere Ocimum è meglio conosciuto per Ocimum basilicum, il basilico. L'epiteto specifico scutellarioides significa "simile al genere Scutellaria", anch'esso della famiglia delle Labiate, il cui nome deriva dal latino scutella, che significa piccolo piatto o scodella. Il nome coleus è latino scientifico tratto dal greco κολεός (coleòs) ossia "guaina"[1].
L'infiorescenza è una spiga, portata all'estremità del fusto e, come le foglie, è di dimensioni molto variabili; può essere lungo fino a 4 cm, con pochi o molti fiori. Il calice è a forma di campana, inizialmente solo 1–2 mm di lunghezza, ma si allunga a 5–7 mm. I petali sono color violetto chiaro, uniti per formare un tipico fiore labiato, lungo 8–10 mm. Gli stami sono uniti per circa metà della loro lunghezza e sono ricoperti dal labbro superiore del fiore. Il frutto è nero, lungo circa 1 mm.
Il margine fogliare è diviso in misura variabile. I peli sono presenti su entrambi i lati della foglia.
Le foglie delle specie selvatiche possono essere alquanto variegate e questa caratteristica è stata sviluppata in misura estrema nelle varietà coltivate, le cui foglie possono includere una o più sfumature di verde, bianco, crema, giallo, rosa, rosso, marrone e porpora. La colorazione verde è dovuta alla quantità di clorofilla presente nei cloroplasti delle foglie. I colori rosso, porpora, rosa e arancione sono dovuti agli antociani, pigmenti biosintetici flavonoidi idrosolubili, presenti nel fogliame insieme alla clorofilla. L'aumento della produzione di antociani è accompagnato da una diminuzione della produzione di clorofilla. La produzione di antociani e clorofilla è influenzata dai livelli di luce; più luce è presente, più antociani vengono prodotti, con una relazione inversa alla produzione di clorofilla. Gli antociani vengono creati all'interno della cellula e facilitano la fotosintesi nelle foglie esposte a luce solare molto intensa o prolungata fornendo protezione dai danni causati dalla luce ultravioletta.
Il coleus è originario del sud-est asiatico (Cambogia, Laos, Birmania, Cina sudorientale, Malesia peninsulare, Giava, Borneo, Piccole Isole della Sonda, Molucche, Filippine, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Taiwan, Tailandia e Vietnam) e dell'Oceania (Arcipelago di Bismarck, Nuova Guinea, Territorio del Nord, Queensland, Isole Salomone e Australia occidentale). Nel suo habitat naturale, si trova ad altitudini di 100–1600 m, dove fiorisce e fruttifica durante tutto l'anno.
La specie fu introdotta per la prima volta in Europa da Giava nel 1851 da un orticoltore olandese. A quel tempo, nei giardini europei, c'erano poche piante con foglie colorate. Già nel 1877 era disponibile sul mercato un'ampia scelta di varietà. Tuttavia, selezionando per la produzione di semi, si crearono nuove combinazione e nella colorazione delle foglie vi fu una diminuzione di intensità; a ciò rimediarono successivi lavori di selezione e la propagazione per talea.
L'allevamento di Coleus è ripreso nei primi anni '40. In Italia il coleus è stata, e in parte è ancora oggi, una delle più diffuse piante da aiuola, per la ricchezza di colori delle foglie.
Più di recente, la propagazione vegetativa ha permesso di mettere in vendita cultivar con nuovi colori e forme delle foglie.
Le foglie delle cultivar di coleus variano di colore (dal giallo pallido al viola scuro); nella variegatura (da quasi un solo colore a molti colori); nel disegno (dal simmetrico all'irregolare); e di forma delle foglie (da larghe a strette e da margini dentati a margini ondulati).
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Il coleus (Coleus scutellarioides) o coleo è una specie di pianta da fiore della famiglia delle Labiate, originaria dell'area che va dal sud-est asiatico fino all'Australia. In genere cresce fino a 60–75 cm di altezza e larghezza; è una perenne sempreverde cespugliosa, a base legnosa, ampiamente coltivata come pianta ornamentale da aiuola per le foglie variegate e multicolori, altamente decorative, che sono tipiche nelle varietà coltivate.
Il coleus è coltivato come pianta annuale o perenne di ciclo breve; dopo la fioritura può essere facilmente potata oppure riprodotta. Può essere alta fino a 1 m, con fusti ben ramificati, quadrangolari. La specie è estremamente variabile nel colore e nella forma delle foglie.
Solenostemon scutellarioides, conhecido pelo nome comum de cóleus ou coleus, é uma espécie de planta perene ornamental da família das lamiáceas originária do Sudeste Asiático (Java e Malásia), é conhecido também como cóleo e coração-magoado. O nome popular na Galiza é portuguesa, devido às cores das folhas, que lembram a bandeira de Portugal.
Ele originou-se da hibridização entre espécies do gênero Solenostemon, como S. laciniatus e S. bicolor. Suas folhas podem apresentar diversas cores e combinações principalmente verde, roxo e amarelo. É interessante observar que as cores das folhas podem formar "degradê" (contraste brusco). As flores azuladas surgem em inflorescências do tipo espiga, acima da folhagem, em qualquer época do ano e têm importância ornamental secundária.
O cóleus são muito fáceis de se propagar por meio de estacas, podendo atingir em torno de 40 a 90 cm de altura. Ele gosta de sombra parcial, mas pode ficar um pouco de luz solar direta, pois é intolerante ao frio.
Cerca de 1700, a planta foi importada para a Sierra Mazateca, Oaxaca de Juárez, onde para os mazatecas serviram como um substituto em lugar de Salvia divinorum em rituais xamânicos, pois essa planta tem propriedades psicoativas, e passou a chamá-la de El niño ("o menino") e El ahijado ("o afilhado") .
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Solenostemon scutellarioides, conhecido pelo nome comum de cóleus ou coleus, é uma espécie de planta perene ornamental da família das lamiáceas originária do Sudeste Asiático (Java e Malásia), é conhecido também como cóleo e coração-magoado. O nome popular na Galiza é portuguesa, devido às cores das folhas, que lembram a bandeira de Portugal.
