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Caladenia major, commonly known as the waxlip orchid, parson-in-the-pulpit,[2] or purple cockatoo[3] is a plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae, and is endemic to Australia. It is a ground orchid with a single hairy leaf and one or two purple to mauve flowers. It has been known as Glossodia major since its description by the prolific Scottish botanist Robert Brown in 1810, but recent discoveries suggest its inclusion in the genus Caladenia.
Caladenia major is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, herbaceous plant with an underground tuber. It has a single dark green, hairy, oblong to lance-shaped leaf, 30–60 mm (1–2 in) long and 15–20 mm (0.6–0.8 in) wide. One or two faintly fragrant flowers, 30–45 mm (1–2 in) long and wide are borne on a spike 80–350 mm (3–10 in) tall. The sepals and petals are purple to mauve except for their bases which are white with purple spots. Rarely, the flowers are all white. The dorsal sepal is 18–25 mm (0.7–1 in) long and 6–8 mm (0.2–0.3 in) wide. The lateral sepals are 18–25 mm (0.7–1 in) long and 7–10 mm (0.3–0.4 in) wide and spread apart from each other. The petals are 16–20 mm (0.6–0.8 in) long and 5–7 mm (0.2–0.3 in) wide and spread widely. The labellum is 7–10 mm (0.3–0.4 in) long, 5–7 mm (0.2–0.3 in) wide, white with a purple tip and with a furrow along its mid-line. At the base of the labellum there is a purple, cylinder-shaped appendage with two yellow, fleshy lobes on top. Flowering occurs from August to November.[2][3][4][5]
The waxlip orchid was first formally described in 1810 by Robert Brown who gave it the name Glossodia major and published the description in Prodromus Florae Novae Hollandiae.[6][7] In 2015, as a result of studies of molecular phylogenetics,[8] Mark Clements changed the name to Caladenia major.[1] The specific epithet (major) is a Latin word meaning "greater".[9]
Glossodia major is regarded as a synonym of the name Caladenia major which is accepted by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.[10]
Caladenia major occurs in all states of Australia except Western Australia and the Northern Territory. In New South Wales it is widespread and common in the eastern half of the state;[5] in Victoria it is also widespread and common in most areas with suitable habitat;[5] in South Australia it is common in the south-east, sometimes forming extensive colonies;[3] in Tasmania it is widespread and common[11] and in Queensland it grows in the south-east of that state.[12] This orchid is found in a range of habitats from coastal heath to woodland and dry open forest.
Caladenia major, commonly known as the waxlip orchid, parson-in-the-pulpit, or purple cockatoo is a plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae, and is endemic to Australia. It is a ground orchid with a single hairy leaf and one or two purple to mauve flowers. It has been known as Glossodia major since its description by the prolific Scottish botanist Robert Brown in 1810, but recent discoveries suggest its inclusion in the genus Caladenia.
Glossodia major é uma espécie de orquídeas geófitas, família Orchidaceae, que existem apenas no sudoeste e sudeste da Austrália,[1] onde crescem em florestas e charnecas. À primeira vista, plantas similares às do gênero Elythranthera, das quais diferenciam-se facilmente por seu labelo cordiforme, pequeno porém bem desenvolvido, com calos apenas na base, separados ou parcialmente fundidos, flores internamente foscas, e coluna com asas que terminam antes da antera. São plantas anuais que apresentam caules curtos, eretos, não ramificados, com uma única folha membranácea basal, e longa inflorescência terminal, ambos pubescentes, com até duas flores ressupinadas, azuis, liláses ou púrpura, raro brancas, com pétalas e sépalas livres e similares. A coluna é curva e delicada, apoda, com antera terminal e quatro polínias.[2] Diferencia-se da Glossodia minor, única outra espécie deste gênero, por suas flores maiores de labelo com calo basal amarelo.[3]
Sinônimos homotípicos:
Sinônimos heterotípicos:
Glossodia major é uma espécie de orquídeas geófitas, família Orchidaceae, que existem apenas no sudoeste e sudeste da Austrália, onde crescem em florestas e charnecas. À primeira vista, plantas similares às do gênero Elythranthera, das quais diferenciam-se facilmente por seu labelo cordiforme, pequeno porém bem desenvolvido, com calos apenas na base, separados ou parcialmente fundidos, flores internamente foscas, e coluna com asas que terminam antes da antera. São plantas anuais que apresentam caules curtos, eretos, não ramificados, com uma única folha membranácea basal, e longa inflorescência terminal, ambos pubescentes, com até duas flores ressupinadas, azuis, liláses ou púrpura, raro brancas, com pétalas e sépalas livres e similares. A coluna é curva e delicada, apoda, com antera terminal e quatro polínias. Diferencia-se da Glossodia minor, única outra espécie deste gênero, por suas flores maiores de labelo com calo basal amarelo.
