Comments
(
Inglês
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fornecido por eFloras
The ecological range of Iris missouriensis is probably more varied than that of any other North American species of the genus, extending from almost sea level in southern California to 3000 m in Montana and Wyoming. There is correspondingly wide variation in a number of characters, which has caused much confusion as to taxonomic circumscription. Homer Metcalf (pers. comm.) made a detailed study of this species. The basic requirement for its success seems to be an extremely wet area before flowering and then almost desertlike conditions for the rest of the summer. In large populations, sometimes covering hundreds of acres, Iris missouriensis may be found with either simple or branched stems, leaves from 4 mm to more than 1 cm wide, shorter than the stem or longer, only one flower to as many as three on a stem, and colors from deep blue to almost pure white. A single plant found on the Pariah Plateau in Kane County, Utah, with leaves only 3–4 mm wide and a single flower stem only 4 cm long, which meant that the flower was at almost ground level, was named Iris pariensis. No other such specimen has been located, and this entity must be considered as just an aberrant form that was due to the desertlike conditions in which it was growing.
Iris missouriensis is known to hybridize with I. longipetala.
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Description
(
Inglês
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fornecido por eFloras
Rhizomes freely branching, producing large colonies, stout, 2–3 cm diam., clothed with dark remnants of old leaves; roots fleshy. Stems simple or 1–2-branched, solid, 2.5–6 dm. Leaves: basal with blade light green, often white basally, not prominently veined, linear, 4.5–6 dm × 0.3–1.2 cm, glaucous, apex acute; cauline 2–3, often shed with spent stem, similar to basal leaves, distal may subtend branch. Inflorescences with terminal and lateral units (when present) (1–)2–3-flowered; spathes subopposite to distant, to as much as 3–7.5 cm apart, lanceolate or ovate, keeled, outer usually shorter, 3.5–4 cm, inner 5.5–7 cm, scarious with herbaceous areas basally and along keel, apex acuminate. Flowers: perianth blue to lavender to white, veined deeper violet; floral tube green with purple veins in line with midrib of petals, funnelform, constricted above ovary, 0.5–1.2 cm; sepals deeply veined lilac-purple, with yellow-white signal at base of limb, claw yellowish white, veined and dotted with purple, obovate, 3.7–7 × 1.2–3.2 cm; petals slightly divergent, oblanceolate to spatulate, 3.6–7 × 0.5–1.2 cm, base gradually attenuate, apex acuminate or rarely emarginate; ovary trigonal with 6 shallow ridges, 1–2 cm; style 2.4–4 cm, crests quadrate, 0.7–1.4 cm, margins irregularly toothed; stigmas 2-lobed, margins entire; pedicel slender, 1–6 cm at anthesis, increasing to 7.5–8 cm at maturity. Capsules almost circular in cross section, with 6 obvious, equidistant ridges, 4–5 × 1.5 cm. Seeds light brown, nearly globular to pyriform, 4–4.5 mm, wrinkled. 2n = 38.
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Distribution
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Inglês
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Alta., B.C.; Ariz., Calif., Colo., Idaho, Mont., Nebr., Nev., N.Mex., Oreg., S.Dak., Utah, Wash., Wyo.; n Mexico.
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Habitat
(
Inglês
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fornecido por eFloras
Wet meadows, roadside ditches, margins of streams; 10--3000m.
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Synonym
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por eFloras
Iris arizonica Dykes; I. longipetala Herbert var. montana Baker; I. montana Nuttall ex Dykes; I. pariensis S. L. Welsh; I. pelogonus Goodding; I. tolmieana Herbert
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Iris missouriensis
(
Azerbaijano
)
fornecido por wikipedia AZ
Iris missouriensis (lat. Iris missouriensis) - süsənkimilər fəsiləsinin süsən cinsinə aid bitki növü.
Mənbə
Bitki ilə əlaqədar bu məqalə qaralama halındadır. Məqaləni redaktə edərək Vikipediyanı zənginləşdirin. Etdiyiniz redaktələri mənbə və istinadlarla əsaslandırmağı unutmayın.
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Iris missouriensis: Brief Summary
(
Azerbaijano
)
fornecido por wikipedia AZ
Iris missouriensis (lat. Iris missouriensis) - süsənkimilər fəsiləsinin süsən cinsinə aid bitki növü.
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Rocky-Mountain-Schwertlilie
(
Alemão
)
fornecido por wikipedia DE
Die Rocky-Mountain-Schwertlilie (Iris missouriensis) ist eine Pflanzenart aus der Gattung der Schwertlilien (Iris) innerhalb der Familie der Schwertliliengewächse (Iridaceae).
Merkmale
Die Rocky-Mountain-Schwertlilie ist eine ausdauernde, Rhizom-Pflanze, die Wuchshöhen von 25 bis 60 Zentimeter erreicht. Die Blätter sind 3 bis 7 (selten bis 10) Millimeter breit, sommergrün, blassgrün gefärbt und länger oder kürzer als der Stängel. Die 2 bis 3 Blüten haben einen Durchmesser von 4 bis 8 Zentimeter und sind blassblau, lila bis tiefblau. Die Hängeblätter sind stark purpurlila geadert und messen 3,7 bis 7 × 1,2 bis 3,2 Zentimeter. Ihr Platte weist oft einen gelben Mittelfleck auf. Die Domblätter messen 3,6 bis 7 × 0,5 bis 1,2 Zentimeter. Die Perigonröhre ist 0,5 bis 1,2 Zentimeter lang. Der Durchmesser der Kapsel ist beinahe rund. Ihre 6 Kanten sind gleichmäßig entfernt.
Die Blütezeit reicht von Mai bis Juni.
Vorkommen
Die Rocky-Mountain-Schwertlilie kommt im nordwestlichen Amerika vom südöstlichen British Columbia bis Kalifornien und Nord-Mexiko im Süden und Südwest-Alberta und Montana im Osten vor. Sie wächst in Feuchtwiesen und an den Ufern sommertrockener Bäche in Höhenlagen von 10 bis 3000 Meter.
Nutzung
Die Rocky-Mountain-Schwertlilie wird selten als Zierpflanze genutzt. Sie ist seit spätestens 1880 in Kultur.
Belege
- Eckehart J. Jäger, Friedrich Ebel, Peter Hanelt, Gerd K. Müller (Hrsg.): Rothmaler Exkursionsflora von Deutschland Band 5 Krautige Zier- und Nutzpflanzen. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg 2008, ISBN 978-3-8274-0918-8.
Weblinks
– Sammlung von Bildern, Videos und Audiodateien
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Rocky-Mountain-Schwertlilie: Brief Summary
(
Alemão
)
fornecido por wikipedia DE
Die Rocky-Mountain-Schwertlilie (Iris missouriensis) ist eine Pflanzenart aus der Gattung der Schwertlilien (Iris) innerhalb der Familie der Schwertliliengewächse (Iridaceae).
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Iris missouriensis
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por wikipedia EN
Iris missouriensis (syn. I. montana) is a hardy flowering rhizomatous species of the genus Iris, in the family Iridaceae. Its common names include western blue flag, Rocky Mountain iris,[2] and Missouri flag.
It is native to western North America. Its distribution is varied; it grows at high elevations in mountains and alpine meadows and all the way down to sea level in coastal hills.[3][4]
Description
The three, usually light blue, sepals have purple lines and surround the three smaller darker-blue petals.
Iris missouriensis is an erect herbaceous rhizomatous perennial, 20 to 40 centimetres (7+7⁄8 to 15+3⁄4 in) high, with leafless unbranched scapes (flowering stems) and linear basal leaves, 5 to 10 mm wide, similar in height to the scapes. The inflorescence usually consists of one or two flowers, exceptionally three or four. Each flower has three light to dark blue, spreading or reflexed sepals lined with purple and three smaller upright blue petals.[5][6][7][8] They produce a large fruit capsule.[9]
The plant populations often spread outwards from the older plants, leaving a dead opening in the center of a growing ring.[9]
Uses
Some Native American tribes made cordage from the plant's stems and leaves.[10] Some Plateau Indian tribes used the roots to treat toothache.[11] The Navajo used a decoction of the plant as an emetic.[12] Plains Indians are said to have extracted the toxin irisin from the plant to use as arrow poison.[9] The Zuni apply a poultice of chewed root to increase the strength of newborns and infants.[13]
This iris is listed as a weed in some areas, particularly in agricultural California. It is bitter and distasteful to livestock and heavy growths of the plant are a nuisance in pasture land. Heavy grazing in an area promotes the growth of this hardy iris.[7]
The plant is widely cultivated in temperate regions.[14]
Toxicity
The plant is toxic, particularly the rootstalks, which contain the potentially lethal irisin.[9]
References
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^ "Iris missouriensis Nutt. is an accepted name". theplantlist.org. 23 March 2012. Retrieved 3 November 2014.
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^ Donald Wyman Wyman's Gardening Encyclopedia, p. 576, at Google Books
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^ Sullivan, Steven. K. (2015). "Iris missouriensis". Wildflower Search. Retrieved 2015-06-16.
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^ "Iris missouriensis". PLANTS Database. United States Department of Agriculture; Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2015. Retrieved 2015-06-16.
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^ Klinkenberg, Brian, ed. (2014). "Iris missouriensis". E-Flora BC: Electronic Atlas of the Plants of British Columbia [eflora.bc.ca]. Lab for Advanced Spatial Analysis, Department of Geography, University of British Columbia, Vancouver. Retrieved 2015-06-16.
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^ Giblin, David, ed. (2015). "Iris missouriensis". WTU Herbarium Image Collection. Burke Museum, University of Washington. Retrieved 2015-06-16.
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^ a b "Iris missouriensis". Jepson eFlora: Taxon page. Jepson Herbarium; University of California, Berkeley. 2015. Retrieved 2015-06-16.
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^ "Blue Flag Irises - Iris missouriensis". Archived from the original on 2012-07-02. Retrieved 2012-07-22.
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^ a b c d Taylor, Ronald J. (1994) [1992]. Sagebrush Country: A Wildflower Sanctuary (rev. ed.). Missoula, MT: Mountain Press Pub. Co. p. 72. ISBN 0-87842-280-3. OCLC 25708726.
-
^ Fagan, Damian (2019). Wildflowers of Oregon: A Field Guide to Over 400 Wildflowers, Trees, and Shrubs of the Coast, Cascades, and High Desert. Guilford, CT: FalconGuides. p. 171. ISBN 978-1-4930-3633-2. OCLC 1073035766.
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^ Hunn, Eugene S. (1990). Nch'i-Wana, "The Big River": Mid-Columbia Indians and Their Land. University of Washington Press. p. 354. ISBN 0-295-97119-3.
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^ Goldblatt, Peter (1980). Uneven Diploid Chromosome Numbers and Complex Heterozygosity in Homeria (Iridaceae). Systematic Botany, Vol. 5, No. 4, pp. 337–340
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^ Camazine, Scott; Bye, Robert A. (1980). "A Study of the Medical Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians of New Mexico", Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2: 365–388 (p. 373)
-
^ "RHS Plant Selector - Iris missouriensis". Archived from the original on December 24, 2012. Retrieved 24 June 2013.
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Iris missouriensis: Brief Summary
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por wikipedia EN
Iris missouriensis (syn. I. montana) is a hardy flowering rhizomatous species of the genus Iris, in the family Iridaceae. Its common names include western blue flag, Rocky Mountain iris, and Missouri flag.
It is native to western North America. Its distribution is varied; it grows at high elevations in mountains and alpine meadows and all the way down to sea level in coastal hills.
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Iris missouriensis
(
Francês
)
fornecido por wikipedia FR
Iris du Missouri
Iris missouriensis, l’Iris du Missouri, est une espèce de plantes à fleurs de la famille des Iridaceae et du genre Iris, que l’on trouve à l’ouest de l’Amérique du Nord.
Habitat
La fleur est présente jusqu’à des altitudes élevées en montagne tout comme près des côtes. En Californie, on la considère comme une plante invasive car elle se répand fortement dans les près dévoués au bétail alors qu’elle n’est pas appréciée de celui-ci. Les Amérindiens (Païutes, Shoshones) se servaient d’ailleurs de la plante pour se faire vomir ou consommaient même la racine contre le mal de dents.
Description
Ses fleurs ont une coloration mauve à bleu-mauve. Certains pétales sont blanchâtres et sont recouverts de sortes de nervures mauves.
Systématique
L'espèce est décrite par Thomas Nuttall, en 1834, qui la classe dans le genre Iris sous le nom binominal Iris missouriensis[1].
Ce taxon porte en français le noms vernaculaire ou normalisé « Iris du Missouri[2] ».
Iris missouriensis a pour synonymes[2] :
-
Dielsiris arizonica (Dykes) M.B.Crespo, Mart.-Azorín & Mavrodiev
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Dielsiris missouriensis (Nutt.) M.B.Crespo, Mart.-Azorín & Mavrodiev
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Dielsiris pariensis (S.L.Welsh) M.B.Crespo, Mart.-Azorín & Mavrodiev
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Dielsiris pelogonus (Goodd.) M.B.Crespo, Mart.-Azorín & Mavrodiev
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Iris arizonica Dykes
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Iris haematophylla var. valametica Herb.
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Iris haematophylla var. valametica Herb. ex Hook.
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Iris longipetala var. montana Baker
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Iris missouriensis Baker
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Iris missouriensis f. alba H.St.John
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Iris missouriensis f. angustispatha R.C.Foster
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Iris missouriensis var. albiflora Cockerell
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Iris missouriensis var. arizonica (Dykes) R.C.Foster
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Iris missouriensis var. pelogonus (Goodd.) R.C.Foster
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Iris missuriensis M.Martens
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Iris montana Nutt.
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Iris montana Nutt. ex Dykes
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Iris pariensis S.L.Welsh
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Iris pelogonus Goodd.
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Iris tolmieana Herb.
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Limniris missouriensis (Nutt.) Rodion.
Notes et références
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Iris missouriensis: Brief Summary
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Francês
)
fornecido por wikipedia FR
Iris du Missouri
Iris missouriensis, l’Iris du Missouri, est une espèce de plantes à fleurs de la famille des Iridaceae et du genre Iris, que l’on trouve à l’ouest de l’Amérique du Nord.
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Iris missouriensis
(
Vietnamita
)
fornecido por wikipedia VI
Iris missouriensis là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Diên vĩ. Loài này được Nutt. miêu tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1834.[1]
Chú thích
Liên kết ngoài
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Iris missouriensis: Brief Summary
(
Vietnamita
)
fornecido por wikipedia VI
Iris missouriensis là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Diên vĩ. Loài này được Nutt. miêu tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1834.
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