Description
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por eFloras
Herbs perennial, acaulescent. Rhizome obliquely ascending or erect, usually short, 5-10 mm, stout, with several robust, long, yellowish roots. Leaves numerous, basal, rosulate; stipules dark brownish, lanceolate, 3-5 × ca. 1 mm, ca. 3/4 adnate to petiole, free part linear-lanceolate or subulate, margin entire or sparsely denticulate, apex acuminate; petiole long, 1.5-13 cm, narrowly and conspicuously winged in upper part, usually glabrous, sometimes puberulous in lower part; leaf blade narrowly lanceolate, narrowly triangular-hastate, or triangular-ovate, 2-7.5 × 0.5-3 cm, base truncate or shallowly cordate, sometimes broadly cuneate, apex acute, sometimes slightly obtuse; leaves accrescent after anthesis, both surfaces glabrous or subglabrous, lateral lobes spreading and conspicuously dentate, margin remotely shallowly crenate, more deeply dentate near base. Flowers white, light or deep purplish, deep-colored striate, 1.4-1.7 cm; pedicels long, equaling or exceeding leaves, slender, usually glabrous, sometimes puberulous in lower part, 2-bracteolate near middle; bracteoles linear. Sepals ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, 5-6 × 1-1.6 mm, apex acuminate or ± acute, basal auricles shorter, 0.5-1 mm, 3-veined, margin narrowly membranous, apex rounded, sometimes remotely obtusely dentate. Upper petals obovate, 1-1.2 cm, bearded; lateral ones oblong-obovate, bearded, 1-1.2 cm; anterior one usually shorter, 1.3-1.5 cm (spur included); spur tubular, short, 1-2.5 mm, stout, 2-3 mm in diam., apex rounded, straight or slightly curved upward; anthers and appendage of connectives ca. 2 mm; spur of 2 anterior stamens 1-3 mm. Ovary ovoid-globose, ca. 2 mm, glabrous; styles clavate, slightly geniculate forward, gradually thickened in upper part; stigmas slightly thickened and narrowly margined on lateral sides and abaxially, shortly beaked in front, with a stigma hole at tip of beak. Capsule ellipsoid to oblong, 6-9 mm, glabrous. Seed ovoid, 1-1.2 mm. Fl. Feb-May, fr. May-Sep. 2n = 24*, 48, 72*.
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- cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
- direitos autorais
- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Description
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por eFloras
Glabrous, perennial, 8-20 cm high herb. Roots slender, unbranched, brownish. Rhizome short. Stem absent. Leaves triangular, obtuse, truncate, 5-nerved, entire-crenate, 1.5-10.0 x 1.0-2.5 cm; petiole longer than the lamina, 2.0-14.0 cm long, winged, glabrous; stipules free, dentate, ± fimbriate, 0.2-0.6 x 0.1-0.2 cm, lanceolate, acuminate. Flowers medium, 0.6-1.2 cm long, lilac. Peduncle c. 5-15 cm long, glabrous. Bracteoles 2, opposite, 0.2-0.5 x 0.05-0.1 cm, lanceolate, acute, entire. Sepals 0.4-1.2 x 0.1-0.2 cm, lanceolate, acute, entire, glabrous, cuneate; spur saccate; styles nearly straight, stigma 3-lobed. Capsule oblong, upto 1 cm long, glabrous, acute.
- licença
- cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
- direitos autorais
- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Distribution
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por eFloras
Anhui, Chongqing, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, SE Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Afghanistan, Bhutan, Japan, India, Indonesia, Kashmir, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam; N Australia].
- licença
- cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
- direitos autorais
- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Distribution
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por eFloras
Distribution: Pakistan, India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Burma, Indo-China, China, S. Japan, Malaysia, Australia.
- licença
- cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
- direitos autorais
- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Flower/Fruit
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por eFloras
Fl. Per.: May-August.
- licença
- cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
- direitos autorais
- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Habitat
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por eFloras
Fields, roadsides, grasslands on mountain slopes, thickets, forest margins; below 1500(-2500) m.
- licença
- cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
- direitos autorais
- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Synonym
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por eFloras
Viola betonicifolia subsp. dielsiana W. Becker; V. betonicifolia subsp. nepalensis (Gingins) W. Becker; V. caespitosa D. Don; V. inconspicua Blume subsp. dielsiana W. Becker; V. oblongosagittata Nakai var. violascens Nakai; V. patrinii Gingins var. caespitosa (D. Don) Ridley; V. patrinii var. laotiana H. Boissieu; V. patrinii var. nepaulensis Gingins.
- licença
- cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
- direitos autorais
- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Viola betonicifolia
(
Azerbaijano
)
fornecido por wikipedia AZ
- licença
- cc-by-sa-3.0
- direitos autorais
- Vikipediya müəllifləri və redaktorları
Viola betonicifolia: Brief Summary
(
Azerbaijano
)
fornecido por wikipedia AZ
Viola betonicifolia (lat. Viola betonicifolia) - bənövşəkimilər fəsiləsinin bənövşə cinsinə aid bitki növü.
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- Vikipediya müəllifləri və redaktorları
Viola betonicifolia
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por wikipedia EN
Viola betonicifolia, commonly known as the arrowhead violet, showy violet or mountain violet, is a small perennial of the genus Viola, which contains pansies and violets. It occurs from India and Pakistan in southern Asia throughout eastern Australia and Tasmania. It grows in shaded habitat in forests.
Taxonomy
English botanist Sir James Edward Smith was the first to describe Viola betonicifolia, giving it the common name "betony-leaved violet" in volume 37 of Rees's Cyclopædia in 1817. He noted that it was native to New South Wales.[2] Spelling it Viola betonicæfolia in Flora Australiensis, George Bentham recognised it as the senior synonym of Viola longiscapa (DC.) G.Don and V. phyteumifolia G.Don.[3]
Description
This species is distinguished by long, slender arrow-shaped leaves grow from the base of the plant, which has no stem as such, and are up to 6 cm (2.5 in) long with a v-shaped sinus at the base, and are usually rather bright, fresh green. Its striking bright purple flowers are 1–1.5 cm (0.4–0.6 in) in diameter and occur in spring and summer.[4] Flowers are followed by small pale brown pods with tiny blackish seeds.
Distribution and habitat
Viola betonicifolia is found in Tasmania and eastern mainland Australia from South Australia through Victoria and New South Wales, and into Queensland. It also occurs in Asia westwards to India and Pakistan. It grows in shady areas in forest.[4]
Ecology
The caterpillars of the laced or Indian fritillary (Argynnis hyperbius) feed upon this plant,[5] and the flowers are pollinated by the large- or common grass yellow (Eurema hecabe). Coastal swamps where Viola betonicifolia grows have been drained in New South Wales, endangering the status of the laced fritillary in that state.[6]
Cultivation
The plant is adaptable to shade
Viola betonicifolia is an easy plant to grow, and adaptable to different soil types as long as it get sufficient moisture and at least half shade or more in a garden situation. It is good for rockeries. It can be quite vigorous in heavier, moisture retentive soils and forms clumps to about 30 cm (12 in) diameter. It is self-seeding.[7]
References
-
^ "Viola betonicifolia". Australian Plant Name Index (APNI), IBIS database. Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government.
-
^ Smith, James Edward (1817). "Viola". In Rees, Abraham (ed.). Rees's Cyclopædia. Vol. 37. London, United Kingdom: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown.
-
^ Bentham, George (1863). "Sterculia". Flora Australiensis: Volume 1: Ranunculaceae to Anacardiaceae. Vol. 1. London, United Kingdom: L. Reeve & Co. p. 99.
-
^ a b Fairley, Alan; Moore, Philip (2000). Native Plants of the Sydney District:An Identification Guide (2nd ed.). Kenthurst, New South Wales: Kangaroo Press. p. 84. ISBN 0-7318-1031-7.
-
^ Braby, Michael F. (2005). The Complete Field Guide to Butterflies of Australia. Collingwood, Victoria: CSIRO Publishing. pp. 180. ISBN 0-643-09027-4.
-
^ "Determinations".
-
^ Hutchison, Frances (January 1986). Australian Native Plants for Rockeries and Ground cover. Frenchs Forest, New South Wales: Reed. pp. 97–98. ISBN 0-7301-0099-5.
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- cc-by-sa-3.0
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- Wikipedia authors and editors
Viola betonicifolia: Brief Summary
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por wikipedia EN
Viola betonicifolia, commonly known as the arrowhead violet, showy violet or mountain violet, is a small perennial of the genus Viola, which contains pansies and violets. It occurs from India and Pakistan in southern Asia throughout eastern Australia and Tasmania. It grows in shaded habitat in forests.
- licença
- cc-by-sa-3.0
- direitos autorais
- Wikipedia authors and editors
Hoa tím lá mác
(
Vietnamita
)
fornecido por wikipedia VI
Hoa tím lá mác hay còn gọi hoa tím nhọn (danh pháp khoa học: Viola betonicifolia) là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Hoa tím. Loài này được Sm. miêu tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1817.[1]
Hình ảnh
Chú thích
Liên kết ngoài
- licença
- cc-by-sa-3.0
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- Wikipedia tác giả và biên tập viên
Hoa tím lá mác: Brief Summary
(
Vietnamita
)
fornecido por wikipedia VI
Hoa tím lá mác hay còn gọi hoa tím nhọn (danh pháp khoa học: Viola betonicifolia) là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Hoa tím. Loài này được Sm. miêu tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1817.
- licença
- cc-by-sa-3.0
- direitos autorais
- Wikipedia tác giả và biên tập viên
戟叶堇菜
(
Chinês
)
fornecido por wikipedia 中文维基百科
二名法 Viola betonicifoliaJ. E. Smith, 1817 戟叶堇菜（学名：Viola betonicifolia）为堇菜科堇菜属的植物。分布在印度、印度尼西亚、斯里兰卡、澳大利亚、喜马拉雅地区、日本、台湾以及中国大陆的海南、福建、广东、甘肃、河南、陕西、江苏、四川、西藏、浙江、安徽、云南、湖南、湖北、江西等地，生长于海拔250米至3,200米的地区，一般生于山坡草地、路边、灌丛、田野和林缘。
别名
尼泊尔堇菜、箭叶堇菜（台湾植物志）
异名
- Viola betonicifolia J. E. Smith ssp. jaunsariensis (W. Beck.) Hara
- Viola betonicifolia J. E. Smith ssp. nepalensis (Ging.) W. Beck.
- Viola caespitosa D. Don
参考文献
- 昆明植物研究所. 戟叶堇菜. 《中国高等植物数据库全库》. 中国科学院微生物研究所. [2009-02-25]. （原始内容存档于2016-03-05）.
这是一篇與
植物相關的
小作品。你可以通过
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戟叶堇菜: Brief Summary
(
Chinês
)
fornecido por wikipedia 中文维基百科
戟叶堇菜（学名：Viola betonicifolia）为堇菜科堇菜属的植物。分布在印度、印度尼西亚、斯里兰卡、澳大利亚、喜马拉雅地区、日本、台湾以及中国大陆的海南、福建、广东、甘肃、河南、陕西、江苏、四川、西藏、浙江、安徽、云南、湖南、湖北、江西等地，生长于海拔250米至3,200米的地区，一般生于山坡草地、路边、灌丛、田野和林缘。
İkiləpəlilər ilə əlaqədar bu məqalə qaralama halındadır. Məqaləni redaktə edərək Vikipediyanı zənginləşdirin. 
这是一篇與植物相關的小作品。你可以通过编辑或修订扩充其内容。 
