Lutjanus kasmira (Forsskål 1775)

Die Blouband snapper (Lutjanus kasmira) is 'n vis wat voorkom in die Indiese-Pasifiese area, die Rooisee en aan die ooskus van Afrika vanaf Oman tot by Oos-Londen. In Engels staan die vis bekend as die Bluebanded snapper.

Voorkoms

Die vis is geel aan die bokant met vier donkerblou strepe op die sye. Die onderkant is wit of liggeel met ligte blouerige grys lyne op die skubbe lyne. 'n Swart kol is soms sigbaar op die sylyn net onder die middel van die dorsalevin. Die vis word tot 33 cm lank.

Habitat

Die vis leef in koraal- en rotsriwwe in water wat 5–265 m diep is maar word gewoonlik gesien tussen 15–40 m. Hulle vreet snags vis, krap, koppotiges, mondpotiges en planktoniese skaaldiere. Die visse word dikwels in skole gesien oor die riwwe in die dag. Hulle bereik volwassenheid wanneer hulle 18–23 cm lank word. Die vis paar in klein groepe, gewoonlik in die vroeë aand gedurende die laat winter of vroeë lente. Die vis is 'n smaaklike eetvis en kan in groot akwariums aangehou word.

Sien ook

• Alfabetiese lys van visse
• Lys van Suider-Afrikaanse visse volgens wetenskaplike name
• Lys van varswater visfamilies
• Lys van visfamilies

Bron

• Coastal Fishes of Southern Africa. Phil & Elaine Heemstra. 2004. ISBN 1-920033-01-7

Verwysings

Eksterne skakel

• http://fishbase.org/summary/Lutjanus-kasmira.html

Hierdie artikel is ’n saadjie. Voel vry om Wikipedia te help deur dit uit te brei.

Exemplars fotografiats a Palau

Peix emperador de ratlles blaves

Exemplars fotografiats a les Maldives

Un grup en una cova

El peix emperador de ratlles blaves (Lutjanus kasmira) és una espècie de peix de la família dels lutjànids i de l'ordre dels perciformes.

Morfologia

• Els mascles poden assolir 40 cm de longitud total.^[4][5]

Alimentació

Menja peixos, gambes, crancs, cefalòpodes, crustacis planctònics i algues.^[6][4]

Hàbitat

És un peix marí de clima tropical i associat als esculls de corall que viu entre 3-265 m de fondària.^[4][7]

Distribució geogràfica

Es troba des del Mar Roig, l'Àfrica Oriental i Sud-àfrica^[8] fins a les Illes Marqueses, les Illes de la Línia, el sud del Japó i Austràlia.^{[4][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]}

Referències

Bibliografia

• Allen, G.R., 1985. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 6. Snappers of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of lutjanid species known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(6):208 p.
• Allen, G. R. i F. H. Talbot, 1985: Review of the snappers of the genus Lutjanus (Pisces: Lutjanidae) from the Indo-Pacific, with the description of a new species. Indo-Pacific Fishes Núm. 11: 1-87, Col. Pls. 1-10.
• Allen, G.R., 1995. Lutjanidae. Pargos. p. 1231-1244. A W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter i V. Niem (eds.) Guía FAO para Identificación de Especies para los Fines de la Pesca. Pacífico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Roma, Itàlia.
• Anderson, W.D. Jr., 2002. Lutjanidae. Snappers. p. 1479-1504. A K.E. Carpenter (ed.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Atlantic. Vol. 3: Bony fishes part 2 (Opistognathidae to Molidae), sea turtles and marine mammals.
• Bleeker, P., 1873: Révision des espèces indo-archipélagiques des genres Lutjanus et Aprion. Verslagen en Mededeelingen der Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen. Afdeling Natuurkunde. v. 13: 1-102.
• Coppola, S.R., W. Fischer, L. Garibaldi, N. Scialabba i K.E. Carpenter, 1994 SPECIESDAB: Global species database for fishery purposes. User's manual. FAO Computerized Information Series (Fisheries). Núm. 9. Roma, Itàlia, FAO. 103 p.
• Eschmeyer, William N.: Genera of Recent Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. San Francisco, Califòrnia, Estats Units. iii + 697. ISBN 0-940228-23-8 (1990).
• Eschmeyer, William N., ed. 1998. Catalog of Fishes. Special Publication of the Center for Biodiversity Research and Information, núm. 1, vol. 1-3. California Academy of Sciences. San Francisco, Califòrnia, Estats Units. 2905. ISBN 0-940228-47-5.
• Helfman, G., B. Collette i D. Facey: The diversity of fishes. Blackwell Science, Malden, Massachusetts (Estats Units), 1997.
• Lloris, D. i J. Rucabado, 1990. Lutjanidae. p. 773-779. A J. C. Quéro, J. C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A Post i L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisboa, Portugal; SEI, París; i UNESCO, París, França. Vol. 2.
• Moyle, P. i J. Cech.: Fishes: An Introduction to Ichthyology, 4a edició, Upper Saddle River, Nova Jersey, Estats Units: Prentice-Hall. Any 2000.
• Nelson, J.: Fishes of the World, 3a edició. Nova York, Estats Units: John Wiley and Sons. Any 1994.
• Suzuki, K. i S. Hioki, 1979. Spawning behavior, eggs, and larvae of the lutjanid fish, Lutjanus kasmira, in an aquarium. Jap. J. Ichthyol. 26(2):161-166.
• Wheeler, A.: The World Encyclopedia of Fishes, 2a edició, Londres: Macdonald. Any 1985.

Enllaços externs

• ITIS (anglès)

The common bluestripe snapper (Lutjanus kasmira), bluestripe snapper, bluebanded snapper, bluestripe sea perch, fourline snapper, blue-line snapper or moonlighter, is a species of snapper belonging to the family Lutjanidae. It is native to the Indian Ocean from the coast of Africa and the Red Sea to the central Pacific Ocean. It is commercially important and sought as a game fish. It can also be found in the aquarium trade.

Taxonomy

The common bluestripe snapper was first formally described in 1775 as Sciaena kasmira with no type locality given but it is considered likely to be the Red Sea.^[3] FishBase attributes the species description to the Finnish-born Swedish-speaking explorer and naturalist Peter Forsskål^[2] but the Catalog of Fishes attributes as follows

“Fabricius [J. C.] in Niebuhr (ex Forsskål) 1775:46, xi [Descriptiones animalium (Forsskål)”

Catalog of Fishes then states that the valid binomial is Lutjanus kasmira (Fabricius, 1775).^[3]

The specific name kasmira is the Arabic word used for this fish in the Red Sea.^[4]

Description

The body is moderately deep in profile, with the dorsal profile of the head steeply sloped, having a well-developed preopercular notch and knob. Identifying morphological features include the number of gill rakers on lower limb of the first arch, which number 13 or 14, with the total rakers on the first arch numbering 20 to 22. The dorsal fin consists of 10 spines anterior to 14 or 15 soft rays, while the anal fin has three spines and seven or eight soft rays. The pectoral fins have 15 or 16 rays, with the caudal fin being slightly emarginate. The row of scales on the back rise obliquely above the lateral line, which contains 48 to 51 scales.^[5] This species can reach a length of 40 cm (16 in), though most do not exceed 25 cm (9.8 in).^[2]

The color is probably the most diagnostic feature of the fish, especially when alive or fresh from the water. The back and sides of the fish are bright yellow, with the lower sides and underside of head fading to white. Four bright-blue stripes run longitudinally on the side of the fish, with several faint greyish stripes on lowermost part of sides. Most fins are yellow.^[5]

Range and habitat

A school of bluestripe snappers at Komodo, Indonesia

A school of bluestripe snappers in the Maldives

The bluestripe snapper is one of the most widespread species of the Lutjanidae, ranging from the coast of Egypt bordering the Red Sea, south to Madagascar and east to India, China, Southeast Asia, Australia, and a number of Pacific islands.^[6]

Like many snappers, it inhabits coral reefs, occurring in both shallow lagoons and on outer reef slopes to depths of at least 60 m (200 ft), at depths reaching 180 m (590 ft) at the Marquesas Islands and 265 m (869 ft) in the Red Sea. In Hawaii, they spend some time over seagrasses and sandy substrates.^[7] They frequently gather in large aggregations around coral formations, caves, or wrecks during daylight hours.^[5]

The preferred habitat of the species changes with age, with young fish schooling on sandy substrates, while larger fish are more solitary, and inhabit deep reefs.^[2]

Ecology

The bluestripe snapper is part of an unusual mimicry relationship with the goatfish, Mulloidichthys mimicus, the colouration of which nearly exactly matches that of the snapper. The goatfish school alongside the snapper, with this behavior attributed to predatory protection. The goatfish are presumably a more preferred prey than bluestripe snapper.^[8]

Diet

The bluestripe snapper has a varied diet, feeding on fishes, shrimp, crabs, stomatopods, cephalopods and planktonic crustaceans, as well as plant and algal materials. Diets vary with age, location, and the prevalent prey items available locally.^[5]

Reproduction

The bluestripe snapper reaches sexual maturity at 20 to 25 cm (7.9 to 9.8 in). Spawning occurs throughout most of the year in lower latitudes, with peak activity reported for November and December in the Andaman Sea. Its eggs measure from 0.78 to 0.85 mm (0.031 to 0.033 in) in diameter and hatch when temperatures reach 22 to 25 °C (72 to 77 °F).^[5]

Relationship to humans

Introduction to Hawaii

Bluestripe snappers occupying a cave in Hawaii

In the 1950s, investigators from the Hawaii's Division of Fish and Game conducted marine fauna surveys and found the Hawaiian ichthyofauna was dominated by herbivorous fishes, which they concluded were "a useless end in the food chain".^[9] Unlike many Pacific islands, Hawaii lacked any fish from the Serranidae or Lutjanidae families, so to increase recreational and commercial food fishing opportunities, and fill a perceived 'vacant ecological niche', collections of 11 species of snappers and groupers were imported from Mexico, Kiribati, the Marquesas Islands, and Moorea, and introduced to Hawaii.^[10] Only three species thrived, dominated by the bluestripe snapper, now occupying many of the Hawaiian Islands.^[11]

In the following years, fishers and ecologists raised concerns that the snapper would outcompete other fish for space and food, as well as prey upon them; scientific investigation has not found evidence to support these claims. Snapper may be competitively dominant over native yellow-fin goatfish, Mulloidichthys vanicolensis, for sheltering space on the reef.^[10] This is likely only the case in situations where both are present in high densities.

A parasitic nematode, Spirocamallanus istiblenni, may have been introduced to Hawaiian waters when the fish were released. The addition of this parasite may have affected native fishes, which may not have been subject to the species before the introduction of L. kasmira.^[12]

The species has also failed to become important as a food fish and commercial resource for the islands because of low market prices. Since it competes with more commercially valuable fish, most fishers view it as a pest. Since 2008, Hawaii has conducted a series of spearfishing contests that targeted bluestripes, along with blue-spotted groupers and black tail snappers with the intent of removing these fish from Hawaiian waters.^[13]

Commercial fishery

The bluestripe snapper is commonly taken throughout its range by handlines, traps, and gill nets. It is usually marketed fresh, and is common in the markets of many countries. It is one of the principal species in the Hawaiian handline fishery,^[14] but as noted above, it fetches low prices at market.^[5]

References

Lutjanus kasmira es una especie de peces de la familia Lutjanidae en el orden de los Perciformes.

Morfología

• Los machos pueden llegar alcanzar los 40 cm de longitud total.^[1]​^[2]​

Alimentación

Come peces, gambas, cangrejos, cefalópodos, crustáceos planctónicos y algas.

Hábitat

Es un pez de mar de clima tropical y asociado a los arrecifes de coral que vive entre 3-265 m de profundidad.

Distribución geográfica

Se encuentra desde el Mar Rojo, el África Oriental y Sudáfrica hasta las Islas Marquesas, las Islas de la Línea, el sur del Japón y Australia.

Referencias

Bibliografía

• Fenner, Robert M.: The Conscientious Marine Aquarist. Neptune City, Nueva Jersey, Estados Unidos : T.F.H. Publications, 2001.
• Helfman, G., B. Collette y D. Facey: The diversity of fishes. Blackwell Science, Malden, Massachusetts, Estados Unidos , 1997.
• Hoese, D.F. 1986: . A M.M. Smith y P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlín, Alemania.
• Maugé, L.A. 1986. A J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse y D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ISNB Bruselas; MRAC, Tervuren, Flandes; y ORSTOM, París, Francia. Vol. 2.
• Moyle, P. y J. Cech.: Fishes: An Introduction to Ichthyology, 4a. edición, Upper Saddle River, Nueva Jersey, Estados Unidos: Prentice-Hall. Año 2000.
• Nelson, J.: Fishes of the World, 3a. edición. Nueva York, Estados Unidos: John Wiley and Sons. Año 1994.
• Wheeler, A.: The World Encyclopedia of Fishes, 2a. edición, Londres: Macdonald. Año 1985.

Lutjanus kasmira Lutjanus generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Lutjanidae familian sailkatzen da.

Banaketa

Espezie hau Agulhasko itsaslasterran aurki daiteke.

Erreferentziak

• FishBase.org

Ikus, gainera

• Lutjanus
• Lutjanidae

La perche à raies bleues, vivaneau à raies bleues ou madras (Lutjanus kasmira) est une espèce de poissons tropicaux de la famille des Lutjanidae. Elle est élevée par les aquariophiles. Cette espèce est devenue envahissante à Hawaii. Il porte le nom de taape en Polynésie française.

Ce poisson peut mesurer jusqu'à 40 cm de long. Il vit dans les récifs coralliens en bancs et chasse la nuit.^[1]

Notes et références

Lutjanus kasmira (Forsskål, 1775) è un pesce osseo della famiglia Lutjanidae, diffuso nelle acque dell'Indo-Pacifico.^[2]

Distribuzione e habitat

Banco di L. kasmira

L'areale di L. kasmira comprende gran parte dell'Indo-Pacifico tropicale e, parzialmente, subtropicale. È diffuso dalle coste orientali africane alle isole Marchesi e alle Sporadi Equatoriali, a nord raggiunge il Giappone meridionale e a sud l'Australia e l'isola di Lord Howe. È presente anche nel mar Rosso e su un breve tratto della costa atlantica nei pressi della città sudafricana di East London^[1][3][4]. Negli anni '50 è stato introdotto nelle isole Hawaii dove precedentemente era assente^[5] allo scopo di favorire la pesca. La specie si è naturalizzata entrando in competizione con le specie autoctone e danneggiandole con la predazione^[6], è stato inoltre il vettore di un nematode parassita^[7]. Paradossalmente è diventato così comune e abbondante da spuntare un prezzo molto basso sui mercati per cui il contributo all'industria ittica è stato molto modesto^[8].

Si tratta di una specie legata all'ambiente di barriera corallina dove occupa una grande varietà di ambienti dalle lagune degli atolli alle parti profonde della barriera esterna ed è comunemente avvistato nei pressi di relitti e grotte sottomarine. I giovanili vivono su praterie di fanerogame marine o nei pressi di piccole formazioni coralline isolate, spesso in prossimità di estuari. Gli individui di grandi dimensioni si trovano in acque più basse rispetto a quelli più piccoli, contrariamento a quanto accade in molte specie ittiche^[1][3][4].

La distribuzione batimetrica va da 3 a 265 metri ma il range in cui è più abbondante è da 30 a 150 metri^[3].

Descrizione

Questo pesce ha sagoma abbastanza slanciata, con dorso che si eleva dietro la testa ma in maniera meno accentuata rispetto ad altri Lutjanus. La bocca è relativamente piccola giungendo alla verticale del bordo anteriore dell'occhio. La pinna dorsale è unica, di altezza abbastanza uniforme e con 10 raggi spiniformi anteriori. La pinna anale è breve, con 3 raggi spinosi. La pinna caudale ha un'intaccatura centrale. Sul preopercolo c'è un'evidente intaccatura. La livrea è vistosa e caratteristica, nell'Indo-Pacifico vi sono diverse specie simili distinguibili da particolari della colorazione. Il dorso e i fianchi sono giallo vivo con quattro strisce azzurro acceso con un sottile bordo nero disposte longitudinalmente; la striscia inferiore va dalla punta del muso al peduncolo caudale. La regione ventrale è chiara, di solito con alcune sottili linee scure od ocra longitudinali. Le pinne tranne le pinne pettorali sono gialle. Tra l'occhio e il muso è presente una macchia bruna^[3][4][8].

La taglia massima raggiunge i 40 cm, comunemente si attesta attorno ai 25 cm^[3].

Biologia

La longevità massima nota è di circa 10 anni^[1].

Comportamento

Forma grandi banchi durante il giorno^[3] mentre di notte gli individui si disperdono per cacciare^[4]. Questa specie è legata al territorio e ha una scarsa tendenza allo spostamento all'esterno di esso^[1].

Alimentazione

L. kasmira è prevalentemente predatore ma può assumere anche piccole quantità di materiale vegetale come alghe. Le prede principali sono pesci (la letteratura riporta nello specifico la predazione su Ctenochaetus striatus), cefalopodi e crostacei sia planctonici che bentonici come stomatopodi, gamberi e granchi^[9].

Riproduzione

La riproduzione avviene tutto l'anno nelle regioni equatoriali. Le uova misurano da 0.78 a 0.85 millimetri e si schiudono dopo circa 18 ore dalla deposizione^[1].

Pesca

Sebbene non sia oggetto di una pesca mirata questa specie viene catturata in abbondanza in tutto l'areale soprattutto con lenze, reti da posta e nasse e venduta fresca. Particolarmente diffusa la pesca alle Hawaii, dove è stata introdotta, ma raggiunge un basso prezzo sui mercati proprio per la sua abbondanza^[1].

Conservazione

L. kasmira ha un vastissimo areale naturale ed è stato introdotto anche all'esterno di esso, è generalmente abbondante e in alcune zone le popolazioni sono in incremento. È soggetto a intensa pesca quasi dappertutto ma non si registrano rarefazioni. Per questi motivi la lista rossa IUCN classifica questa specie come "a rischio minimo"^[1].

Note

De kasmira-snapper of blauwgestreepte snapper (Lutjanus kasmira) is een straalvinnige vis uit de familie van snappers (Lutjanidae), orde van baarsachtigen (Perciformes). Hij vormt op koraalriffen soms scholen van enkele honderden exemplaren.

Beschrijving

De vis kan een lengte bereiken van 40 centimeter. Deze snappers hebben een spits toelopende bek met scherpe hoektanden en een opvallend gevorkte staart. De felle geel en blauwe tekening is onderwater goed herkenbaar.

Leefomgeving

Lutjanus kasmira is een zoutwatervis. De soort komt voor in tropische wateren in de Grote en Indische Oceaan en in de Rode Zee, op een diepte van 3 tot 265 meter.

Relatie tot de mens

Lutjanus kasmira is voor de visserij van aanzienlijk commercieel belang. In de hengelsport wordt er weinig op de vis gejaagd. De soort wordt gevangen voor commerciële aquaria.

Externe link

• Foto's van Lutjanus kasmira op FishBase

• Froese, R., D. Pauly. en redactie. 2005. FishBase. Elektronische publicatie. www.fishbase.org, versie 06/2005.

Mediabestanden die bij dit onderwerp horen, zijn te vinden op de pagina Lutjanus kasmira op Wikimedia Commons.

• Diacope octolineata Cuvier 1828
• Lutianus kasmira Forsskål, 1775
• Mesoprion etaape Lesson, 1831
• Sciaena kasmira Forsskål, 1775

Lucjan kaszmirski^[2] (Lutjanus kasmira) – gatunek ryby promieniopłetwej z rodziny lucjanowatych (Lutjanidae).

Występowanie

Zasiedla wody od Morza Czerwonego po Indo-Pacyfik (od Madagaskaru po Hawaje) przebywając na głębokościach 3-265 m.

Charakterystyka

Dorasta do 40 cm długości^[3], jego pokarm to ryby, skorupiaki, głowonogi.

Przypisy

Bibliografia

• Dimitrij Strelnikoff: Wielka encyklopedia zwierząt, tom 24, str. 28. Oxford Educational. ISBN 978-83-7425-924-8.

Linki zewnętrzne

• Opis gatunku w FishBase

Kasmirasnapper^[2] (Lutjanus kasmira) är en fisk i familjen Lutjanidae (vars medlemmar ofta kallas snappers) som finns i Indiska oceanen och Stilla havet samt sydöstra Atlanten vid Sydafrika.

Utseende

Kasmirasnappern är en fisk med förhållandevis hög kropp och kraftigt sluttande panna. Ryggfenan består av 10 taggstrålar, följda av 14 till 15 mjukstrålar. Analfenan har en liknande uppbyggnad med 3 taggstrålar och 7 till 8 mjukstrålar. Stjärtfenan är svagt urgröpt. Rygg och sidor är klargula med 4 klarblå längsränder på varje sida, samt ett flertal svaga, grå ränder på nedre delen av sidorna. Undersidan och hakan är vita, fenorna gula.^[3] Arten blir vanligtvis upp till 25 cm lång, men kan som mest nå en längd av 40 cm.^[4]

Vanor

Arten lever i närheten av korallrev, vanligen på djup mellan 30 och 150 m, även om den kan förekomma var som helst mellan 2 och 265 m. Under dagen bildar den stora stim kring koraller, grottor och vrak. Födan består av fiskar, räkor, krabbor, mantisräkor, planktoniska kräftdjur, bläckfiskar och alger. Ungfiskarna håller till i sjögräsbäddar.^[4]

Fortplantning

Arten blir könsmogen vid en längd av 20 till 25 cm, och leker året om i större delen av sitt utbredningsområde, med en topp under november – december. De knappt millimeterstora äggen kläcks efter några timmar.^[3]

Utbredning

Utbredningsområdet omfattar Indiska oceanen och Stilla havet från Röda havet och Östafrika till Marquesasöarna och Line Islands samt norrut till södra Japan och söderut till Australien. Den finns också i sydöstra Atlanten kring East London i Sydafrika.^[4] Arten har även spritt sig till Hawaii efter att ha införts som sportfisk^[5] 1958^[6].

Betydelse för människan

Fiske

Kasmirasnappern är föremål för ett omfattande kommersiellt fiske, i synnerhet i farvattnen kring Hawaii. Främsta fångstmetoder är långrev, mjärdar och nät. Saluförs i regel färsk.^[3] Sportfiske förekommer också.^[4]

Användning som akvariefisk

Arten är även en populär akvariefisk, som bäst hålles ensam på grund av sin glupskhet. Lämplig föda är hackade räkor, bitar av fisk och blötdjur.^[6] Lämplig temperatur är 22 till 26 °C, och lätt basiskt vatten (pH 8,1 – 8,4).^[7]

Referenser

1. ^ ”Lutjanus kasmira (Forsskål, 1775)” (på engelska). ITIS. http://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=168862. Läst 3 januari 2012.
2. ^ Sven O Kullander (13 september 2008). ”Naturhistoriska riksmuseets databas över fisknamn”. Naturhistoriska riksmuseet. Arkiverad från originalet den 14 december 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20131214095552/http://artedi.nrm.se/fishnames/namefind.php?FormData=Perciformes&Verbosity=Listing&Submit=Skicka&MaxRecs=1000&Category=cOrder&Precision=%3D&Ordering=default. Läst 3 januari 2012.
3. ^ [a b c] G-R. Allen (6 oktober 2010). ”FAO Species Catalogue - Vol. 6. Snappers of the World: An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Lutjanid Species Known to Date” (på engelska) (FTP, 872 kB). FAO. sid. 1-2. http://www.fao.org/tempref/docrep/fao/009/ac481e/AC481E26.pdf. Läst 18 december 2017.
4. ^ [a b c d] Luna, Susan M. (15 november 2011). ”Lutjanus kasmira Forsskål, 1775 Common bluestripe snapper” (på engelska). Fishbase. http://www.fishbase.org/summary/Lutjanus-kasmira.html. Läst 3 januari 2012.
5. ^ Pam Fuller (19 augusti 2009). ”Lutjanus kasmira (Forsskål 1775)” (på engelska). U.S. Geological Survey. http://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/FactSheet.aspx?speciesID=774. Läst 3 januari 2012.
6. ^ [a b] Stan & Debbie Hauter (2012). ”Blue-Lined Snapper (Lutjanus kasmira) Profile” (på engelska). About.com Saltwater Aquariums (New York Times Company). Arkiverad från originalet den 12 mars 2009. https://web.archive.org/web/20090312021601/http://saltaquarium.about.com/library/blank/blpick101498blstrpsnap.htm. Läst 3 januari 2012.
7. ^ ”Blue-Lined Snapper Lutjanus kasmira” (på engelska). Exotic Aquariums. 2009. http://exotic-aquariums.com/bluelinecsnapper.html. Läst 3 januari 2012.

Cá hồng bốn sọc (danh pháp hai phần: Lutjanus kasmira) là một loài cá thuộc họ Lutjanidae. Loài cá này sinh sống ở Đông Nam Á. Loài này có phạm vi phân bố từ Biển Đỏ đến phía nam tận Madagascar và phía đông Ấn Độ, châu Á, Indonesia, Australia và một số đảo Thái Bình Dương bao gồm cả Hawaii. Chúng chủ yếu sống ở rạn san hô sống ở khu vực nước nông ven biển rạn san hô lên đến 265 mét (869 ft) sâu, ăn nhiều cá, loài thân mềm và động vật giáp xác. Chúng thường bơi theo đàn lúc nhỏ, con trưởng thành có xu hướng đơn độc và đạt được một chiều dài tối đa là 40 cm.

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四線笛鯛（学名：Lutjanus kasmira），又稱四帶笛鯛，俗名四線赤筆、條魚、四線、赤筆仔，為輻鰭魚綱鱸形目鱸亞目笛鯛科的其中一個種。

分布

本魚分布於印度太平洋區，包括東非、馬達加斯加、模里西斯、塞席爾群島、馬爾地夫、紅海、波斯灣、斯里蘭卡、印度、安達曼海、泰國、緬甸、馬來西亞、菲律賓、印尼、琉球群島、台灣、中國沿海、新幾內亞、萊恩群島、馬里亞納群島、帛琉、密克羅尼西亞、新喀里多尼亞、馬紹爾群島、諾魯、斐濟群島、澳洲、所羅門群島、東加、吐瓦魯、吉里巴斯、薩摩亞群島、夏威夷群島、法屬波里尼西亞等海域。

深度

水深3至265公尺。

特徵

本魚和五線笛鯛和孟加拉笛鯛體色均甚相似，但本魚體側藍色縱帶僅四條，且較細。腹部顏色轉白或淡，上有一些顏色較淡的細藍縱帶數條。本魚幼魚體側後上方有一黑斑，至成魚後此黑斑則消失不見。背鰭硬棘10枚，軟條14至15枚；臀鰭硬棘3枚，軟條7至8枚。體長可達40公分。

生態

本魚常成群在礁區巡游覓食，屬肉食性，以魚類、甲殼類為食。

經濟利用

為美味的食用魚，小魚可煮豆腐味增湯，中大型魚可煮沙鍋魚頭。

参考文献

• 台灣魚類資料庫