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Diagnosis: Modal fin-ray counts of D-X,15 A-III,7 Pect-14 indicate the hamlets of Hypoplectrus. There is a "species flock" of numerous color variations of these fishes in the Caribbean, many of which can hybridize and the small juveniles are presumably indistinguishable. Variant larvae with slightly different melanophore patterns may either represent these different "morphospecies" or individual variation (likely the latter). DNA analysis may not be diagnostic, since it has been difficult to find consistent sequence divergence between color morphs (Puebla et al. 2007). The Caribbean morphospecies comprise H. aberrans, H. chlorurus, H. gemma, H. gummigutta, H. indigo, H. guttavarius, H. nigricans, H. providencia, H. puella, and H. unicolor. The median-fin ray count can be shared with some deep-water Caribbean serranids (Anthias nicholsi and A. asperilinguis, some Hemanthias aureorubens, and Pronotogrammus martinicensis), but the latter species have more pectoral-fin rays (16 or more). (DNA)
Description: Body thin and moderately wide with a large round eye and very large terminal mouth. Pectoral and pelvic fins medium length, reaching much of the way to the vent, dorsal-fin base long and anal-fin base short, caudal peduncle moderately wide and short. The typical complement of melanophores on the head consists of one at the angle of the jaw and a sparse scattering on the top of the head. On the body there is one at the dorsal midline just forward of the first dorsal spine and then two large melanophores on the ventral midline of the caudal peduncle; one just behind the last anal-fin ray and one just before the first procurrent caudal-fin ray (the latter are often persistent through transition in serranines). Melanophores on the fins are prominent: the full complement consists of a patch on the membranes of the third to fifth dorsal-fin spines, several near the base of the first three anal-fin soft rays, extensively lining the membranes of the pectoral and pelvic fins and finally one at the base of the lower central caudal-fin rays. Internal melanophores are present around the sacculus and along the dorsal surface of the swim bladdder and the peritoneum extending to the gut near the vent. Varying patterns are common: earlier-stage larvae can be missing the melanophores on top of the head and/or the entire anal-fin, caudal peduncle, and caudal fin set of melanophores. Larvae approaching transition progressively lose the markings on their pectoral and pelvic fin rays and some larvae also develop a melanophore on the dorsal midline of the caudal peduncle (the saddle characteristic of juvenile hamlets). One or both of the ventral caudal peduncle spots occasionally are missing and sometimes the anal fin has additional melanophores (sometimes a full row) just distal to the base of the rays. A variety of additional melanophores occur in some individuals: just forward of the nasal bones, along the ventral aspect of the lower jaw, an additional melanophore on the caudal peduncle after the last anal-fin ray or a second spot on the base of the caudal-fin rays (usually on the upper central caudal-fin rays), or a few scattered on the caudal-fin rays. Pre-transitional larvae have a somewhat-narrowed vertical oval eye becoming fully round as transition approaches. Transitional larvae develop a fine scattering of discrete small surface melanophores, dense towards the anterior and fading towards the tail and the larval melanophores progressively disappear (usually starting with those on the pectoral-fin rays).
Hypoplectrus sp. larva
Die Hamletbarsche (Hypoplectrus) sind eine Gattung der Sägebarsche (Serranidae). Die maximal 15 Zentimeter lang werdenden Fische leben versteckt in Korallenriffen in der Karibik, an der Südküste Floridas und bei den Bahamas. Sie ernähren sich von kleinen Fischen und wirbellosen Tieren.
Bei den Hamletbarschen ist der Artbildungsprozess noch in vollem Gange. Die verschiedenen Arten wurde lange Zeit als unterschiedliche Farbvarianten einer Art gesehen, die gerade dabei sind, sich zu getrennten Arten zu entwickeln. Die Verbreitungsgebiete der verschiedenen Arten überschneiden sich, aber einige fehlen in einem Teil des Lebensraums. Der Goldene und der Indigo-Hamletbarsch leben in Tiefen von 10 bis 40 Metern, während die anderen Varianten flacheres Wasser bis 15 Meter bevorzugen. Bei der Fortpflanzung werden Partner der gleichen Farbe bevorzugt. 5 % der Fische laichen aber mit andersfarbigen Tieren ab, ein Zeichen, dass die Artbildung noch nicht abgeschlossen ist. Einige Farbvarianten ahmen aggressive Riffbarsche nach (Mimikry).
Hamletbarsche sind Zwitter und bei der Paarung mit demselben Partner nehmen die Fische oft nacheinander beide Geschlechterrollen ein, das heißt beim ersten Laichvorgang nimmt ein Partner die männliche Rolle ein und der andere fungiert als Weibchen, beim zweiten Laichvorgang werden die Rollen getauscht. Da für die Produktion von Eizellen mehr Energie gebraucht wird als für die Produktion von Spermien ist die männliche Rolle attraktiver und es kommt zu Betrügereien, indem ein Fisch, der bei der ersten Paarung die männliche Rolle hatte, nach der Paarung davonschwimmt ohne bei einer zweiten Paarung die Rolle des Weibchens zu übernehmen.[1][2] Bei der Paarung krümmt sich der den männlichen Part übernehmende Fisch um das "Weibchen".
Bis heute wurden 18 morphologisch sehr ähnliche, sich farblich aber unterscheidende Arten beschrieben:
Die Hamletbarsche (Hypoplectrus) sind eine Gattung der Sägebarsche (Serranidae). Die maximal 15 Zentimeter lang werdenden Fische leben versteckt in Korallenriffen in der Karibik, an der Südküste Floridas und bei den Bahamas. Sie ernähren sich von kleinen Fischen und wirbellosen Tieren.
Hypoplectrus is a genus of fishes commonly known as hamlets, found mainly in coral reefs in the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico, particularly around Florida and the Bahamas. They are a popular choice for hobbyist saltwater aquariums, and come in a variety of colors.
There are currently 17 recognized species in this genus:
Hamlets are simultaneous hermaphrodites (or synchronous hermaphrodites): They have both male and female sexual organs at the same time as an adult, meaning that they function as a male and female, making them one of the few vertebrates that are male and female at the same time. They seem quite at ease mating in front of divers, allowing observations in the wild to occur readily. They do not practice self-fertilization, but when they find a mate, the pair takes turns between which one acts as the male and which acts as the female through multiple matings, usually over the course of several nights. Hamlets preferentially mate with individuals of their same color pattern.[3]
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{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) Hypoplectrus is a genus of fishes commonly known as hamlets, found mainly in coral reefs in the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico, particularly around Florida and the Bahamas. They are a popular choice for hobbyist saltwater aquariums, and come in a variety of colors.
Les Hypoplectrus forment un genre de poissons grégaire hermaphrodite de la famille des Serranidae.
Selon World Register of Marine Species (20 juillet 2016)[1] :
Les Hypoplectrus forment un genre de poissons grégaire hermaphrodite de la famille des Serranidae.
Hypoplectrus Gill, 1861 è un genere di pesci di acqua salata appartenenti alla famiglia Serranidae[1].
Provengono dalle barriere coralline dell'oceano Atlantico e del mar dei Caraibi[2].
Presentano un corpo non particolarmente allungato, compresso ai lati e con la testa dal profilo appuntito. La colorazione è molto variabile[3]. Le specie di dimensioni maggiori sono Hypoplectrus nigricans e Hypoplectrus puella, che raggiungono i 15,2 cm[2].
In questo genere sono riconosciute 16 specie[2]:
Hypoplectrus Gill, 1861 è un genere di pesci di acqua salata appartenenti alla famiglia Serranidae.
Vakos (lot. Hypoplectrus, angl. Hamlet, vok. Hamletbarsch) - akmeninių ešerių (Serranidae) šeimos žuvų gentis.
Paplitusios Karibų jūroje tarp koralinių rifų.
Vakos (lot. Hypoplectrus, angl. Hamlet, vok. Hamletbarsch) - akmeninių ešerių (Serranidae) šeimos žuvų gentis.
Paplitusios Karibų jūroje tarp koralinių rifų.
Hypoplectrus is een geslacht van straalvinnige vissen uit de familie van zaag- of zeebaarzen (Serranidae).[1]
Hypoplectrus is een geslacht van straalvinnige vissen uit de familie van zaag- of zeebaarzen (Serranidae).
Multimedia w Wikimedia Commons Hypoplectrus – rodzaj ryb okoniokształtnych z rodziny strzępielowatych.
Gatunki zaliczane do tego rodzaju [2]:
Hypoplectrus – rodzaj ryb okoniokształtnych z rodziny strzępielowatych.
