Biology
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por Arctic Ocean Biodiversity 2011
A pelagic cod adapted to close association with ice (cryopelagic)
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- Arctic Ocean Diversity
- autor
- Kitty Mecklenburg
- autor
- Tony Mecklenburg
Comprehensive Description
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por Arctic Ocean Biodiversity 2011
Dark bluish head and back with violet sheen; Protruding lower jaw; Deeply indented caudal fin with rounded tips; Lateral line with curves; Greatest body depth behind the head
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- Arctic Ocean Diversity
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- Kitty Mecklenburg
- autor
- Tony Mecklenburg
Trophic Strategy
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por Arctic Ocean Biodiversity 2011
A main consumer of plankton offshore in the Arctic; The main food of many marine mammals, seabirds, and some fishes
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- Arctic Ocean Diversity
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- Kitty Mecklenburg
- autor
- Tony Mecklenburg
Habitat
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por Arctic Ocean Biodiversity 2011
Panarctic, endemic (only found in Arctic); One of the most northerly distributed fishes, collected near the North Pole; Cryopelagic or demersal; Brackish lagoons and river mouths to oceanic waters over deep central basins; Occasionally in large schools
- licença
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- direitos autorais
- Arctic Ocean Diversity
- autor
- Kitty Mecklenburg
- autor
- Tony Mecklenburg
Life Cycle
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por Arctic Ocean Biodiversity 2011
Spawns once per lifetime, averaging 11,900 eggs per female; Migrate to nearshore waters to spawn; Eggs and larvae are pelagic; Mature at 2-6 years depending on region and sex; Maximum age is 6-7 years
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- Arctic Ocean Diversity
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- Kitty Mecklenburg
- autor
- Tony Mecklenburg
Benefits
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por FAO species catalogs
Arctic cod used to be intensively fished by former USSR, Norway, Danish and German Dm Rp vessels using bottom trawl and mid-water trawl. The fishing grounds are the European part of former USSR, Barents and White Seas, and the northwest Atlantic. The fish is pursued from January through May producing massive catches during February. In 1984, world catches totalled 23 709 t, and after that year they declined steadily, although the stocks are little affected by fishing because r-selected species can support higher levels of fishing mortality and have a quicker recovery time. The total catch reported for 1987 in the FAO Yearbook for Fishery Statistics is 11 713 t, all taken by former USSR. In Canadian waters, Arctic cod has a limited commercial value because it is small and apparently not abundant. The flesh is said to be of low quality. It is exploited in a minor way as an industrial fish, but has great potential for increased catches. Its major utilization by Norwegians is for fish meal and oil.The total catch reported for this species to FAO for 1999 was 22 005 t. The countries with the largest catches were Russian Federation (22 005 t).
- citação bibliográfica
- FAO species catalogue. Vol.10. Gadiform Fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Cods, Hakes, Grenadiers and other Gadiform Fishes Known to Date.Daniel M.Cohen Tadashi Inada Tomio Iwamoto Nadia Scialabba 1990. FAO Fisheries Synopsis. No. 125, Vol.10. Rome, FAO. 1990. 442p.
- autor
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN
Brief Summary
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por FAO species catalogs
The Arctic cod is circumpolar and occurs in coastal habitats during both summer and winter. In the Beaufort Sea, it is also found in brackish lagoons and in almost fresh water in river mouths. Although associated with the occurrence of ice (White Sea), the Arctic cod is present in ice-free nearshore waters (Alaska);also found at 50-175 km offshore in the Beaufort and Chulkchi Seas, at depths of 40 to 400 m. This fish is tolerant of widely fluctuating temperatures, salinities, and turbidities. Migration patterns are unknown, except for a prespawning migration to nearshore waters in late summer in the Beaufort Sea. The Barents Sea stock also under-takes winter mass migrations into the White Sea for spawning. In the Beaufort Sea, most mature males are 2 to 3 years old, whereas most mature females are 3 years old. These ages at first maturity are similar to those reported for the northwest Atlantic and Soviet stocks. In Cheshskaya Bay (White Sea), sexual maturity occurs in the 4th to 5th year of life. A predominance of females among older fish is reported in most populations of Arctic cod (74% females in populations of 3 to 6 years old fish). Arctic cod spawns once in its lifetime . Its fecundity is 9 000 to 21 000 eggs, on average 11 900 eggs per females. The spawning season extends from late November to early February in the Beaufort Sea, from end of December to February in Soviet waters, and from January to February (sometimes April) in the White Sea. Although spawning occurs in the coastal areas of the Beaufort Sea and under the shore ice of the White and Barents Seas, the relative importance of nearshore sites compared with regions farther offshore for spawning remains unknown. Because of the unpredictable conditions of its environment, Arctic cod is an r-selected species with early maturity, rapid growth, production of larger numbers of offspring at a given parental size, small body size, high rates of mortality, and shorter life span. Lagoon and coastal fish are larger at each age than those from deep offshore waters, since warmer coastal waters provide more favorable growth conditions. In Simpson lagoon (Beaufort Sea), a 1 year individual may attain 60 mm total length (usually 21 mm), and older fish vary from 45-257 mm (usually 60-170 mm) while the largest fish offshore usually vary from 60-110 mm; the maximum age is 6-7 years.Arctic cod feed mostly on epibenthic mysids and also on amphipods and copepods. For those that are under the ice surface in offshore waters, fish is the principal food item during the winter. Although they prefer to eat mysids, the dietary importance and proportions of the major groups of prey are based on prey availability. For example, the food of some of the specimens examined in the White Sea consisted exclusively of young shrimp.It is an important food-fish for many of the larger mammals and birds of the Arctic seas.
- citação bibliográfica
- FAO species catalogue. Vol.10. Gadiform Fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Cods, Hakes, Grenadiers and other Gadiform Fishes Known to Date.Daniel M.Cohen Tadashi Inada Tomio Iwamoto Nadia Scialabba 1990. FAO Fisheries Synopsis. No. 125, Vol.10. Rome, FAO. 1990. 442p.
- autor
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN
Size
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por FAO species catalogs
Reaches 40 cm total length; common to 25 cm.
- citação bibliográfica
- FAO species catalogue. Vol.10. Gadiform Fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Cods, Hakes, Grenadiers and other Gadiform Fishes Known to Date.Daniel M.Cohen Tadashi Inada Tomio Iwamoto Nadia Scialabba 1990. FAO Fisheries Synopsis. No. 125, Vol.10. Rome, FAO. 1990. 442p.
- autor
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN
Distribution
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por FAO species catalogs
Found throughout the entire north polar basin, around Greenland and Iceland, into Hudson Bay and in the north and northwest Bering Sea.
- citação bibliográfica
- FAO species catalogue. Vol.10. Gadiform Fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Cods, Hakes, Grenadiers and other Gadiform Fishes Known to Date.Daniel M.Cohen Tadashi Inada Tomio Iwamoto Nadia Scialabba 1990. FAO Fisheries Synopsis. No. 125, Vol.10. Rome, FAO. 1990. 442p.
- autor
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN
Diagnostic Description
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por FAO species catalogs
Jaws of about equal length or lower jaw slightly longer. Chin barbel very small. Palatine teeth always absent. Three dorsal fins, two anal fins, all separate from each other; first anal fin base short, less than one-half of preanal distance; caudal fin deeply concave. Pectoral fin reaching beyond end of first dorsal fin; pelvic fin with a slightly elongated ray. Lateral line interrupted along its entire length, variable in position. No lateral line pores on head. Scales small and embedded, not overlapping. Colour: along back brownish, with many fine dark points; sides and belly silvery; fins dusky, with pale margins.
- Altukhov, (1979)
- Craig et al. (1982)
- Jensen, (1948)
- Moskalenko, (1964)
- citação bibliográfica
- FAO species catalogue. Vol.10. Gadiform Fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Cods, Hakes, Grenadiers and other Gadiform Fishes Known to Date.Daniel M.Cohen Tadashi Inada Tomio Iwamoto Nadia Scialabba 1990. FAO Fisheries Synopsis. No. 125, Vol.10. Rome, FAO. 1990. 442p.
- autor
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN
Diagnostic Description
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por Fishbase
Caudal fin deeply concave. Lower jaw slightly longer than upper jaw. Chin barbel very small. No lateral line pores on head. Scales small and embedded, not overlapping. Brownish along the back with many fine points; the sides and belly silvery; the fins dusky with pale margins (Ref. 1371).
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- FishBase
Life Cycle
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por Fishbase
Oviparous, sexes are separate (Ref. 101194). Fish move close inshore, often in large numbers to spawn (Ref. 27547).
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- FishBase
Migration
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por Fishbase
Oceanodromous. Migrating within oceans typically between spawning and different feeding areas, as tunas do. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km.
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- FishBase
Morphology
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por Fishbase
Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 42 - 57; Analspines: 0; Analsoft rays: 33 - 44; Vertebrae: 49 - 57
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- FishBase
Trophic Strategy
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por Fishbase
Occurs in coastal habitats during summer and winter (Ref. 1371). In the Beaufort Sea, it may also be found in brackish lagoons and in almost fresh water in river mouths (Ref. 1371). Although associated with the occurrence of ice (White Sea), it is present in ice-free near-shore waters (Alaska) (Ref. 1371). Onshore-offshore movements are associated with spawning and movements of the ice (Ref. 27547). Feeds mostly on epibenthic mysids, also amphipods, copepods and fishes (Ref. 1371). Preyed upon by marine mammals, seabirds (murres and black guillemots), fishes (Atlantic salmon, Arctic char, Atlantic cod, Greenland halibut and Greenland cod), harp seals, bearded seals, ringed seals, white whales and narwhals. Parasites of the species include Clavella adunca, Haemobaphes cyclopterina and Sphyrion lumpi (copepods) (Ref. 5951). Also caught with mid-water trawls (Ref. 1371).
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- FishBase
Biology
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por Fishbase
Occurs in coastal habitats during summer and winter (Ref. 1371). Cryopelagic or epontic, from surface down to 1383 m (Ref. 58426). In the Beaufort Sea, it may also be found in brackish lagoons and in almost fresh water in river mouths (Ref. 1371). Although associated with the occurrence of ice (White Sea), it is present in ice-free near-shore waters (Alaska) (Ref. 1371). Onshore-offshore movements are associated with spawning and movements of the ice (Ref. 27547). Feeds mostly on epibenthic mysids, also amphipods, copepods and fishes (Ref. 1371). Also caught with mid-water trawls (Ref. 1371). Utilized as fishmeal and source of oil (Ref. 1371). Euryhaline and eurythermic.
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- cc-by-nc
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- FishBase
Importance
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por Fishbase
fisheries: highly commercial; price category: high; price reliability: reliable: based on ex-vessel price for this species
- licença
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- FishBase
Sayka
(
Azerbaijano
)
fornecido por wikipedia AZ
Sayka (lat. Boreogadus saida) — Arktikanın soyuq sularında yayılmış, Treskakimilər dəstəsinin, Treskalar fəsiləsinə daxil olan. Öz cinsinin yeganə nümayəndəsidir.
Təsviri
Maksimal uzunluğu 40 sm, adətən isə 25 sm olur. Orta ömür müddəti 7 ildir. Quyruğa doğru bədən kiçilir. Bığı kiçikdir. Başı isə əksinə böyükdür. Alt çənəsi nisbətən irəlidir. Başının üzəri və beli boz-qəhvəyidir. Böyür və boyun nahiyələri isə gümüşü-bozdur.
Yayılması
Bu növ əsasən Şimal Buzlu okeanın bütün ərazilərində rast gəlinir. Onları şorsulu laqunlarda və çay mənsəblərində belə görmək olur. Onlar istənilən balıq növündən Şimal qütbünə yaxın yayıla bilirlər. Onlara 85° ş.e yuxarı ərazilərdə belə müşahidə edilir.
Biologiya
Bu canlılar dəniz suyunda 0° temperatura yaxın temperaturda yaşayır. İkra qoyma oktyabrdan marta qədər uzanır. 6-70 min kürü qoyur.
Yetkinliyi 3—4 illiyndə baş verir. Bu zaman uzunluğu 19—20 sm olur.
Bu balıqlar fito və zoo planktonlarla qidalanırlar.
Əhəmiyyəti
Saykalar su itilər, ağ balina, su quşlarının əsas qidasını təşkil edirlər. Sənaye əhəmiyyətli ovu ancaq Ağ dəniz və Barens dənizi sularında həyata keçirilmişdir.
Mənbə
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- Vikipediya müəllifləri və redaktorları
Sayka: Brief Summary
(
Azerbaijano
)
fornecido por wikipedia AZ
Sayka (lat. Boreogadus saida) — Arktikanın soyuq sularında yayılmış, Treskakimilər dəstəsinin, Treskalar fəsiləsinə daxil olan. Öz cinsinin yeganə nümayəndəsidir.
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- cc-by-sa-3.0
- direitos autorais
- Vikipediya müəllifləri və redaktorları
Boreogadus
(
Bretã
)
fornecido por wikipedia BR
Boreogadus zo ur genad e rummatadur ar pesked.
Spesadoù
Ar spesad nemetañ gwiriekaet er genad-mañ eo moru ar penn-ahel (Boreogadus saida).
Evit :
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Boreogadus: Brief Summary
(
Bretã
)
fornecido por wikipedia BR
Boreogadus zo ur genad e rummatadur ar pesked.
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- Wikipedia authors and editors
Bacallà polar
(
Catalão; Valenciano
)
fornecido por wikipedia CA
![src=]()
Mida comparada de dos exemplars
![src=]()
Comparació de quatre exemplars
![src=]()
Exemplars congelats a un vaixell rus.
El bacallà polar[5] (Boreogadus saida) és una espècie de peix de la família dels gàdids i l'única del gènere Boreogadus.[6]
Descripció
- Fa 40 cm de llargària màxima (tot i que la seua mida normal és de 25),[7] de color marronós i amb molts punts al dors. Els flancs i el ventre argentats. Aletes fosques amb les vores clares.
-
Mandíbula inferior lleugerament més llarga que la superior.
- 49-57 vèrtebres.
- 3 aletes dorsals i dues d'anals.
- 42-57 radis tous a l'aleta dorsal i 33-34 a l'anal.
- Absència d'espines a les aletes dorsal i anal.
-
Aleta caudal força còncava.
- L'aleta pectoral arriba més enllà del final de la primera aleta dorsal.
- Absència de porus a la línia lateral.
-
Escates petites i incrustades (no superposades).
- És capaç de sintetitzar glicoproteïnes anticongelants al seu fetge, la qual cosa evita la congelació dels seus fluids corporals encara que la temperatura circumdant estigui per sota del punt de congelació.[7][8][9][10][11][12]
Alimentació
Menja principalment Mysida epibentònics i, també, amfípodes, copèpodes i peixos.[7]
Depredadors
És depredat per la foca de Groenlàndia (Phoca groenlandica);[13][14] narvals; belugues; al Canadà per Reinhardtius hippoglossoides, Gadus ogac[15] i Illex illecebrosus;[16] a Noruega per Hippoglossoides platessoides[17] i el fulmar (Fulmarus glacialis);[18] i a Alaska per ocells marins.[19][20]
Reproducció
A la mar de Beaufort i a la majoria de la seua àrea de distribució, els mascles assoleixen la maduresa sexual en arribar als 2-3 anys de vida i les femelles als 3,[21] mentre que és de 4-5 anys per a tots dos sexes a la mar Blanca.[7] La fecundació és externa, migra a prop de la costa en gran nombre per a fresar-hi i es reprodueix només una vegada a la vida (sota el gel marí i entre els mesos de novembre i febrer,[21] però es pot estendre fins a mitjans del juliol al nord-est de la mar dels Txuktxis).[22] Els seus ous són els més grossos i els menys nombrosos (al voltant d'11.900 per femella) de totes les espècies de bacallans.[7] La incubació dura entre 45 i 90 dies i varia en funció de la temperatura de l'aigua.[23][24][25][26]
Hàbitat i distribució geogràfica
És un peix d'aigua marina i salabrosa, demersal, oceanòdrom[27] i de clima polar (87°N-52°N, 180°W-180°E),[7] el qual es troba fins als 400 m de fondària[7] a l'oceà Àrtic[28][29][30] (incloent-hi la mar dels Txuktxis,[22][31][32] la mar de Beaufort,[33][21] la mar de Barentsz[34][35] i la badia d'Ungava),[36] l'Atlàntic nord (la mar Blanca, Islàndia,[37] el sud de Groenlàndia[38][39][40][41][42] i el Canadà -Nova Brunsvic, Nunavut, el Quebec i els Territoris del Nord-oest-)[43][44][45][46][47][48] i el Pacífic Nord (des de la mar de Bering[49][50] fins a les illes Pribilof i la badia de Bristol). És present als hàbitats costaners durant l'estiu i l'hivern,[7] encara que a la mar de Beaufort també és normal trobar-lo a les llacunes salabroses i a les aigües dolces de les desembocadures dels rius.[7] Tot i que s'associa amb el gel (com ara, a la mar Blanca), també és comú a les aigües lliures de glaç a prop de la costa (com és el cas d'Alaska).[51][24][52][53][54][7][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][3][8][66][9]
Amenaces
La preferència d'aquesta espècie per les aigües fredes i el glaç fa que sigui vulnerable al canvi climàtic, ja que l'alteració de la distribució del gel marí i de la temperatura de l'aigua a les regions àrtiques afectaria a la seua supervivència. Un estudi realitzat a la badia de Hudson ha correlacionat la disminució de la capa de gel amb la disminució de les seues poblacions.[67][9][68]
Observacions
És inofensiu per als humans,[8] la seua longevitat és de 7 anys[7][69] i és emprat per elaborar farina de peix i oli.[7]
Referències
-
↑ Günther, A., 1862. Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum. Catalogue of the Acanthopterygii, Pharyngognathi and Anacanthini in the collection of the British Muesum. Cat. Fishes v. 4: i-xxi + 1-534.
-
↑ Lepechin, I. I., 1774. Descriptio piscis, e Gadorum genere, Russis saida dicti. Novi Commentarii Academiae Scientiarum Imperialis Petropolitanae v. 18 (for 1773): 512-521, Pl. 5.
-
↑ 3,0 3,1 3,2 Catalogue of Life (anglès)
-
↑ uBio (anglès)
-
↑ TERMCAT (català)
-
↑ The Taxonomicon (anglès)
-
↑ 7,00 7,01 7,02 7,03 7,04 7,05 7,06 7,07 7,08 7,09 7,10 7,11 Cohen, D. M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto i N. Scialabba, 1990. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cods, hakes, grenadiers and other gadiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(10). Roma: FAO. 442 p.
-
↑ 8,0 8,1 8,2 FishBase (anglès)
-
↑ 9,0 9,1 9,2 NatureServe (anglès)
-
↑ Gillispie, J. A. G., 1997. The biology and ecology of Arctic cod. M.S. thesis, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska.
-
↑ Hop, H., W. M. Tonn i H. E. Welch, 1997. Bioenergetics of Arctic cod (Boreogadus saida) at low temperatures. Can. J. Fish Aquat. Sci. 54: 1777-1784.
-
↑ FAO Fisheries & Aquaculture - Aquatic species (anglès)
-
↑ Finley, K. J., M. S. W. Bradstreet i G. W. Miller, 1990. Summer feeding ecology of harp seals (Phoca groenlandica) in relation to Arctic cod (Boreogadus saida) in the Canadian high Arctic. Polar Biology 10:609-618.
-
↑ Nilssen, K. T., T. Haug, V. Potelov, V. A. Stasenkov i Y. K. Timshenko, 1995. Food habits of harp seals (Phoca groenlandica) during lactation and moult in March-May in the southern Barents sea and White sea. ICES. J. Mar. Sci. 52 :33-41.
-
↑ Mikhail, M. Y. i H. E. Welch, 1989. Biology of Greenland cod, Gadus ogac, at Saqvaqjuac, northwest coast of Hudson Bay. Environ. Biol. Fish. 26:49-62.
-
↑ Dawe, E. G., 1992. Predation by short-finned squid on Atlantic cod and other fish at Newfoundland, Canada. Copenhagen-Denmark ICES 1992, 11 p.
-
↑ Berestovskiy, Y. G., 1995. Feeding habitats and strategy of american plaice, Hippoglossoides platessoides limandoides, in the Barents and Norwegian seas. J. Ichthyol. 35(5):40-54.
-
↑ Cherel, Y., V. Ridoux, H. Weimerskirch, T. Tveraa i O. Chastel, 2001. Capelin (Mallotus villosus) as an important food source for northern fulmars (Fulmarus glacialis) breeding at Bjørnøya (Bear Island), Barents Sea. ICES J. Mar. Sci. 58:355-361.
-
↑ Swartz, L. G., 1966. Sea cliff birds. A: N. J. Wilimovsky i J. N. Wolfe (eds.). Environment of the Cape Thompson region, Alaska. U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, Washington DC.
-
↑ FishBase (anglès)
-
↑ 21,0 21,1 21,2 Craig, P. C., W. B. Griffiths, L. Haldorson i H. McElderry, 1982. Ecological studies of Arctic cod (Boreogadus saida) in Beaufort Sea coastal waters, Alaska. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 39:395-406.
-
↑ 22,0 22,1 Wyllie-Echeverria, T., W. E. Barber i W. Wyllie-Echeverria, 1997. Water masses and transport of age-0 Arctic cod and age-0 Bering flounder into the northeastern Chukchi Sea. A: Fish ecology in Arctic North America, American Fisheries Society Symposium 19:60-67.
-
↑ Sameoto, D., 1984. Review of current information on Arctic cod (Boreogadus saida, Lepechin ) and bibliography. Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Canadian Dept. of Fisheries and Oceans.
-
↑ 24,0 24,1 Morrow, J.E., 1980. The freshwater fishes of Alaska. University of. B.C. Animal Resources Ecology Library. 248 p.
-
↑ Christiansen, J. S., S. E. Fevolden, O. V. Karamushlo i L. I. Karamushko, 1997. Reproductive traits of marine fish in relation to their mode of oviposition and zoogeographic distribution. ICES CM 1997/CC. 14 p.
-
↑ Rass, T. S., 1968. Spawning and development of polar cod. Rapp. Proc. Verb. Cons. Perm. Internat. Explor. Mer 158:135-137.
-
↑ Riede, K., 2004. Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Alemanya. 329 p.
-
↑ Lowry, L. F. i K. J. Frost, 1981. Distribution, growth, and foods of Arctic cod (Boreogadus saida) in the Bering, Chukchi, and Beaufort Seas. Can. Field-Nat. 95:186-191.
-
↑ Graves, J. i E. Hall, 1988. Arctic Animals. Department of Renewable Resources, Government of the Northwest Territories, Yellowknife, N.W.T., el Canadà. 85 p.
-
↑ Andriyashev, A.P. i N.V. Chernova, 1995. Annotated list of fishlike vertebrates and fish of the arctic seas and adjacent waters. J. Ichthyol. 35(1):81-123.
-
↑ Fechhelm, R. G., P. C. Craig, J. S. Baker i B. J. Gallaway, 1984. Fish distribution and use of nearshore waters in the northeastern Chukchi Sea. Final Report: NOAA/OCSEAP. Prepared by LGL Ecological Research Associates, Inc.
-
↑ Gillispie, J. G., R. L. Smith, E. Barbour i W. E. Barber, 1997. Distribution, abundance, and growth of arctic cod in the northeastern Chukchi Sea. Pàgs. 81-89. A: J.B. Reynolds (ed.). Fish ecology in Arctic North America. American Fisheries Society Symposium 19, 19-21 de maig del 1992, Fairbanks, Alaska, els Estats Units.
-
↑ Cannon, T. C., D. R. Glass i C. M. Prewitt, 1991. Habitat use patterns of juvenile Arctic cod in the coastal Beaufort Sea near Prudhoe Bay, Alaska. American Fisheries Society Symposium 11:157-162.
-
↑ Hognestad, P. T., 1968. Observations on polar cod in the Barents Sea. Rapports et proces-verbaux des reunions, conseil permanent international pour l'exploration de la mer 158:126-130.
-
↑ Dolgov, A. V., 2000. New data on composition and distribution of the Barents Sea ichthyofauna. ICES CM2000/Mini:12, 12p.
-
↑ Dunbar, M. J. i H. H. Hildebrand, 1952. Contribution to the study of fishes of Ungava Bay. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 9(2):83-128.
-
↑ Jonsson, G., 1992. Islenskir fiskar. Fiolvi, Reykjavik, Islàndia. 568 pp.
-
↑ Steffensen, J. F., P. G. Bushnell i H. Schurmann, 1994. Oxygen consumption in four species of teleosts from Greenland: No evidence of metabolic cold adaptation. Polar Biol. 14(1):49-54.
-
↑ Rätz, H-J., 1999. Structures and Changes of the Demersal Fish Assemblage off Greenland, 1982-1996. NAFO Sci. Coun. Studies, 32:1-15.
-
↑ Nielsen, J. G. i E. Bertelsen, 1992. Fisk i grønlandske farvande. Atuakkiorfik, Nuuk. 65 s.
-
↑ Muus, B., F. Salomonsen i C. Vibe, 1990. Grønlands fauna (Fisk, Fugle, Pattedyr). Gyldendalske Boghandel, Nordisk Forlag A/S København, 464 p. (en danès).
-
↑ Jensen, A. S., 1925. On the fishery of the Greenlanders. Medd. Komm. For Havsundersøgelser. Serie Fiskeri 7:1-39.
-
↑ McAllister, D. E., V. Legendre i J. G. Hunter, 1987. Liste de noms inuktitut (esquimaux), français, anglais et scientifiques des poissons marins du Canada arctique. Rapp. Manus. Can. Sci. Halieut. Aquat, 1932,106 p.
-
↑ Coad, B.W. i J.D. Reist, 2004. Annotated list of the arctic marine fishes of Canada. Can. MS Rep. Fish Aquat. Sci. 2674:iv:+112 p.
-
↑ Hop, H., H. E. Welch i R.E. Crawford, 1997. Population structure and feeding ecology of the Arctic cod schools in the Canadian high Arctic. Pàgs. 194-207. A: J.B. Reynolds (ed.). Fish Ecology in Arctic North America. American Fisheries Society Symposium 19, Proceedings of the fish Ecology in Arctic North America Symposium held at Fairbanks, Alaska. 19-21 de maig del 1992.
-
↑ Haedrich, R. L. i N. R. Merrett, 1988. Summary atlas of deep-living demersal fishes in the North Atlantic Basin. J. Nat. Hist. 22:1325-1362.
-
↑ Robins, C.R. i G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, Estats Units. 354 p.
-
↑ Scott, W.B. i M.G. Scott, 1988. Atlantic fishes of Canada. Can. Bull. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 219: 731 p.
-
↑ Allen, M. J. i G. B. Smith, 1988. Atlas and zoogeography of common fishes in the Bering Sea and northeastern Pacific. NOAA Tech. Rep. NMFS 66, 151 p.
-
↑ Matarese, A. C., A. W. Kendall, D. M. Blood i M. V. Vinter, 1989. Laboratory guide to early life history stages of Northeast Pacific fishes. NOAA Tech. Rep. NMFS 80:1-652.
-
↑ Quast, J. C. i E. L. Hall, 1972. List of fishes of Alaska and adjacent waters with a guide to some of their literature. U.S. Dep. Commer., NOAA Tech. Rep. NMFS SSRF-658, 47 p.
-
↑ Evermann, B. W. i E. L. Goldsborough, 1907. The fishes of Alaska. Bull. U.S. Bur. Fish. 26: 219-360.
-
↑ Craig, P.C. i L. Haldorson, 1981. Fish. A: Environmental Assessment of the Alaskan Continental Shelf, Final Reports, Biological Studies 7:384-678. U.S. Dep. Commer., Natl. Oceanic Atmos. Admin., Off. Mar. Pollut. Assess., Juneau, Alaska.
-
↑ Armstrong, R. H., 1996. Alaska's fish. A guide to selected species. Alaska Northwest Books. 94 p.
-
↑ Berg, L.S., 1965. Freshwater fishes of the U.S.S.R. and adjacent countries. vol. 3, quarta edició. Israel Program for Scientific Translations Ltd, Jerusalem.
-
↑ Hanel, L., Plíštil, J. & Novák, J., 2009. Checklist of the fishes and fish-like vertebrates on the European continent and adjacent seas. Bull. Lampetra, ZO ČSOP Vlašim, 6: 108-180.
-
↑ Kravchuk, V. A., 1958. Polar cod - Boreogadus saida (Lepechin). Pàgs. 207-214. A: Pravdin, I. F. i P. L. Pirozhnikov (Eds.). Commercial fishes of Ob and Enisey and their use. Izv. VNIORH 44. Moscou, Pishchepromizdat.
-
↑ Muus, B. J. i P. Dahlstrøm, 1989. Havfisk og Fiskeri i Nordvesteuropa. GEC Gads Forlag, København, 244 p. (en danès).
-
↑ Pfaff, J. R., 1937. Fishes collected on the Fifth Thule Expedition. Rep. Fifth Thule Expedition 1921-1924, Copenhaguen 2(7):1-17.
-
↑ Preikshot, D. i J. Leer, 1998. An annotated list of Alutiiq words relevant to modeling the Prince William Sound ecosystem. Pàgs. 92-122. A: T. A. Okey i D. Pauly (eds.). Trophic Mass-Balance Model of Alaska's Prince William Sound Ecosystem, for the Post-Spill Period 1994-1996. Fisheries Centre Research Reports 6(4). University of British Columbia, el Canadà. 144 pp.
-
↑ Rassmussen, K., 1942. The Mackenzie Eskimos. After Knud Rassmussen's notes. Rep. Fifth Thule Expedition 1921-1924. 10(2):1-164.
-
↑ Reshetnikov, Y. S., N. G. Bogutskaya, E. D. Vasil'eva, E. A. Dorofeeva, A. M. Naseka, O. A. Popova, K. A. Savvaitova, V. G. Sideleva i L. I. Sokolov, 1997. An annotated check-list of the freshwater fishes of Russia. J. Ichthyol. 37(9): 687-736.
-
↑ Svetovidov, A. N., 1986. Gadidae. Pàgs. 680-710. A: P. J. P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen i E. Tortonese (eds.). Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. UNESCO, París. vol. 2.
-
↑ Zimmermann, C., 1997. On the ecology of Arctic and Antarctic fish: activity, sensory capabilities. Ber. Polarforsch. 231:237.
-
↑ Ponomarenko, V. P., 1968. Some data on the distribution and migrations of polar cod in the seas of the Soviet Arctic. Rapports et proces-verbaux des reunions, conseil permanent international pour lexploration de la mer 158:131-135.
-
↑ GBIF (anglès)
-
↑ Gaston, A. J., K. Woo i J. M. Hipfner, 2003. Trends in forage fish populations in the northern Hudson Bay since 1981, as determined from the diet of nestling thick-billed murres Uria iomvia. Arctic 58(3):227-233.
-
↑ The Arctic cod (Boreogadus saida) ecosystem under the double pressure of climate change and industrialization (Arctic Cod) (anglès)
-
↑ Beverton, R.J.H. i S.J. Holt, 1959. A review of the lifespans and mortality rates of fish in nature, and their relation to growth and other physiological characteristics. P. 142-180. A: G.E.W. Wolstenholme i M. O'Connor (eds.). CIBA Foundation colloquia on ageing: the lifespan of animals. Vol. 5. J & A Churchill Ltd, Londres.
Bibliografia
- Anònim, 2001. Base de dades de la col·lecció de peixos del National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution). Smithsonian Institution - Division of Fishes.
- Anònim, 2002. Base de dades de la col·lecció de peixos del American Museum of Natural History. American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West, NY 10024-5192, Estats Units.
- Breder, C. M. i D. E. Rosen, 1966. Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, Nova Jersey, Estats Units. 941 p.
- Clarke, A. i N.M. Johnston, 1999. Scaling of metabolic rate with body mass and temperature in teleost fish. J. Anim. Ecol. 68:893-905.
- Coppola, S. R., W. Fischer, L. Garibaldi, N. Scialabba i K. E. Carpenter, 1994 SPECIESDAB: Global species database for fishery purposes. User's manual. FAO Computerized Information Series (Fisheries). Núm. 9. Roma, Itàlia, FAO. 103 p.
- Crespo, J., J. Gajate i R. Ponce, 2001. Clasificación científica e identificación de nombres vernáculos existentes en la base de datos de seguimiento informático de recursos naturales oceánicos. Instituto Español de Oceanografía (Madrid).
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FAO, 1992. FAO Yearbook. Fishery statistics: catches and landings, vol. 74. FAO Fish. Series 43. 677 p.
- Fevolden, S. E. i J. S. Christiansen, 1997. Allozymic and scnDNA homogeneity in Polar Cod (Boreogadus saida) (Gadiformes: Gadidae). Cybium 21(4):4111-414.
- Grabda, E. i T. Heese, 1991. Polskie nazewnictwo popularne kraglouste i ryby. Cyclostomata et Pisces. Wyzsza Szkola Inzynierska w Koszalinie. Koszalin, Polònia. 171 pàgines.
- Holeton, G. F., 1974. Metabolic cold adaptation of polar fish: fact or artefact?. Physiol. Zool. 47(3):137-152.
- Hop, H. i M. Graham, 1995. Respiration of juvenile Arctic cod (Boreogadus saida): effects of acclimation, temperature, and food intake. Polar Biol. 15(5):359-367.
- Jenness, D., 1928. Eskimo language and technology. Rep. Canadian Arctic Expedition 1913-1918, V.15:1-134. King's Printer, Ottawa.
- Kotlyar, A. N., 1984. Dictionary of names of marine fishes on the six languages. All Union Research Institute of Marine Fisheries and Oceanography, Moscou. 288 p.
- Livingston, P. A. i B. J. Goiney Jr., 1983. Food habits literature of North Pacific marine fishes: a review and selected bibliography. NOAA Tech. Memo. NMFS F/NWC-54, 81 p.
- Museu Suec d'Història Natural. Base de dades de la col·lecció d'ictiologia. Secció d'Ictiologia, Departament de Zoologia de Vertebrats. Estocolm, Suècia, 1999.
- Nelson, J.S., E.J. Crossman, H. Espinosa-Pérez, L.T. Findley, C.R. Gilbert, R.N. Lea i J.D. Williams, 2004. Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States, Canada, and Mexico. American Fisheries Society, Special Publication 29, Bethesda, Maryland, Estats Units.
- Nikolskii, G. V., 1957. Spezielle Fischkunde. VEB Deutscher Verlag der Wissenschaften. Berlín. 632 p.
- Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 1990. Multilingual dictionary of fish and fish products. Fishing News Books, Oxford, Anglaterra.
- Pauly, D., 1978. A preliminary compilation of fish length growth parameters. Ber. Inst. Meereskd. Christian-Albrechts-Univ. Kiel (55):1-200.
- Randolph, S. i M. Snyder, 1993. The seafood list: FDA's guide to acceptable market names for seafood sold in interstate commerce. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, els Estats Units.
- Ricker, W.E., 1973. Russian-English dictionary for students of fisheries and aquatic biology. Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Ottawa.
- Robins, C. R., R. M. Bailey, C. E. Bond, J. R. Brooker, E. A. Lachner, R. N. Lea i W. B. Scott, 1980. A list of common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (12)1-174.
- Sanches, J.G., 1989. Nomenclatura Portuguesa de organismos aquáticos (proposta para normalizaçao estatística). Publicaçoes avulsas do I.N.I.P. Núm. 14. 322 p.
- Taylor, C. C., 1958. Cod growth and temperature. J. Cons. Int. Explor. Mer. 23:366-370.
- Thibert, A., 1970. English-Eskimo dictionary. Eskimo-English. Centre Canadien de recherches en anthropologie. Canadian Research Center for Anthropology. Université Saint Paul, Ottawa. Edició revisada. 180 pp.
- Webster, D. H. i W. Zibell, 1970. Inupiat Eskimo dictionary. Summer Institute of Linguistics, Inc., Fairbanks, Alaska. 211 p.
- Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao i C.F. Lai (eds.), 1999. Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan. 1.028 pàgines.
Enllaços externs
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Bacallà polar: Brief Summary
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Catalão; Valenciano
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fornecido por wikipedia CA
![src=]()
Il·lustració del
1906 ![src=]()
Mida comparada de dos exemplars
![src=]()
Exemplar fotografiat a la
mar de Beaufort.
![src=]()
Detall de la boca
![src=]()
Comparació de quatre exemplars
![src=]()
Exemplars congelats a un vaixell rus.
El bacallà polar (Boreogadus saida) és una espècie de peix de la família dels gàdids i l'única del gènere Boreogadus.
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Penfras y Gogledd
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Galês
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fornecido por wikipedia CY
Pysgodyn sy'n byw yn y môr ac sy'n perthyn i deulu'r Gadidae ydy Penfras y Gogledd sy'n enw gwrywaidd; lluosog: penfreision y Gogledd (Lladin: Boreogadus saida; Saesneg: Boreogadus saida). Mae ei diriogaeth yn cynnwys Ewrop.
Mae'n bysgodyn dŵr hallt ac mae i'w ganfod ym Môr y Gogledd ac arfordir Cymru. Ar restr yr Undeb Rhyngwladol dros Gadwraeth Natur (UICN), caiff y rhywogaeth hon ei rhoi yn y dosbarth 'Heb ei gwerthuso' o ran niferoedd, bygythiad a chadwraeth gan nad oes data digonol.[1]
Gweler hefyd
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Penfras y Gogledd: Brief Summary
(
Galês
)
fornecido por wikipedia CY
Pysgodyn sy'n byw yn y môr ac sy'n perthyn i deulu'r Gadidae ydy Penfras y Gogledd sy'n enw gwrywaidd; lluosog: penfreision y Gogledd (Lladin: Boreogadus saida; Saesneg: Boreogadus saida). Mae ei diriogaeth yn cynnwys Ewrop.
Mae'n bysgodyn dŵr hallt ac mae i'w ganfod ym Môr y Gogledd ac arfordir Cymru. Ar restr yr Undeb Rhyngwladol dros Gadwraeth Natur (UICN), caiff y rhywogaeth hon ei rhoi yn y dosbarth 'Heb ei gwerthuso' o ran niferoedd, bygythiad a chadwraeth gan nad oes data digonol.
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Polardorsch
(
Alemão
)
fornecido por wikipedia DE
Der Polardorsch (Boreogadus saida) gehört zur Familie der Dorsche (Gadidae). Er ist eng mit dem Dorsch (Gadus morhua) oder Kabeljau verwandt.
Verbreitung und Biologie
Der Polardorsch ist in den kalten Gewässern des arktischen Polarmeeres zu Hause. Diese Art ist zirkumpolar verbreitet, d. h., sie bewohnt den Nordatlantik ebenso wie den Nordpazifik. Der Polardorsch lebt, wächst und vermehrt sich in Salzwasser mit einer Temperatur von 0 °C oder darunter. Dabei wechselt er zwischen einem Leben direkt unter der Meeresoberfläche und einem Leben über dem Meeresboden.
Die ein- bis zweijährigen Polardorsche sind mit einer Länge von 6 bis 17 cm zum großen Teil an das Meereis gebunden. Sie leben in Höhlungen und Spalten des Meereises und zwischen Eisschollen. Hier finden sie Schutz vor Räubern und ihren räuberischen Eltern, sowie ein reichhaltiges Nahrungsangebot an tierischem Plankton.
Die älteren Fische halten sich in flachen Gewässern über dem Meeresboden oder in tieferen, freien Wasserschichten bis 700 m auf. Hier ernähren sie sich von frei schwimmenden kleinen Krebsen wie Amphipoden oder Krill. Erst mit vier Jahren erreichen sie eine Körperlänge von ca. 20 cm und werden geschlechtsreif. Ausgewachsen können sie, je nach Region, eine Körperlänge von 25 cm bis zu 40 cm erreichen.
Ökologie
Der Polardorsch ist ein wichtiger Bestandteil der nordpolaren Eisfauna. Seine Fressfeinde sind Seevögel, Meeressäugetiere und verschiedene Fischarten. Damit ist er die wichtigste Art im Polarmeer, die den Energiefluss zwischen planktonischen Organismen und auf dem Eis lebenden Wirbeltieren verbindet.
Als Nahrungskonkurrent zur Lodde (Mallotus villosus) und mit gemeinsamen Prädatoren geht der Polardorschbestand in manchen Jahren stark zurück. Grund ist die Überfischung des Loddebestandes, da die wichtigsten Fressfeinde der Lodde nun auf Polardorsch als Nahrung zurückgreifen.
Der Polardorsch gilt durch die Auswirkungen des Klimawandels im Falle der Nichteinhaltung des 1,5-Grad-Ziels in seinem Fortbestehen als gefährdet.[1]
Einzelnachweise
-
↑ Flemming T. Dahlke, Martin Butzin, Jasmine Nahrgang, Velmurugu Puvanendran, Atle Mortensen, Hans-Otto Pörtner, Daniela Storch (2018). Northern cod species face spawning habitat losses if global warming exceeds 1.5°C. Science Advances, 4(11), doi:10.1126/sciadv.aas8821
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Polardorsch: Brief Summary
(
Alemão
)
fornecido por wikipedia DE
Der Polardorsch (Boreogadus saida) gehört zur Familie der Dorsche (Gadidae). Er ist eng mit dem Dorsch (Gadus morhua) oder Kabeljau verwandt.
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Boreogadus saida
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por wikipedia EN
Boreogadus saida, known as the polar cod[1][2][3] or as the Arctic cod,[1][4][5] is a fish of the cod family Gadidae, related to the true cod (genus Gadus). Another fish species for which both the common names Arctic cod and polar cod are used is Arctogadus glacialis.
B. saida has a slender body, a deeply forked tail, a projecting mouth, and a small whisker on its chin. It is plainly coloured with brownish spots and a silvery body. It grows to a length of 40 cm (16 in). This species is found further north than any other fish[6] (beyond 84°N) with a distribution spanning the Arctic seas off northern Russia, Alaska, Canada, and Greenland.
This fish is most commonly found at the water's surface, but is also known to travel at depths greater than 900 metres (3,000 ft). The polar cod is known to frequent river mouths. It is a hardy fish that survives best at temperatures of 0–4 °C (32–39 °F), but may tolerate colder temperatures owing to the presence of antifreeze protein compounds in its blood. They group in large schools in ice-free waters.
B. saida feeds on plankton and krill. It is in turn the primary food source for narwhals, belugas, ringed seals, and seabirds. They are fished commercially in Russia.
Although very populous throughout the Arctic oceans, it still can be a victim to population threats through human actions. Global warming has increased steadily over the past years, and it has caused an increase in ocean temperatures of the Arctic Ocean. Boreogadus saida live in extremely cold water temperatures, and therefore they have adapted to the cold. Their larvae must be in 3°C to hatch normally, and a rise in ocean temperatures can easily lead to phenotypic changes of this cod species. Possible alterations of the species due to increasing ocean temperatures include, smaller size, reduced fecundity, earlier maturation, and increased investment in reproduction at an early age for some.
References
-
^ a b Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2012). "Boreogadus saida" in FishBase. April 2012 version.
-
^ Daniel M. Cohen; Tadashi Inada; Tomio Iwamoto & Nadia Scialabba, eds. (1990). FAO species catalogue. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Cods, Hakes, Grenadiers and other Gadiform Fishes Known to Date. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. pp. 27–29. ISBN 978-92-5-102890-2.
-
^ Polar cod Institute of Marine Research, Norway
-
^ Arctic Cod: Boreogadus saida Arctic Ocean Diversity. Census of Marine Life.
-
^ Arctic Cod Archived November 22, 2011, at the Wayback Machine Aquatic species. Fisheries and Oceans Canada.
-
^ Christiansen JS (2012): TUNU Programme: Euro-Arctic marine fishes - Adaptation and evolution. pp 35-50. In: Adaptation and Evolution in Marine Environments, Vol. 1: The Impacts of Global Change on Biodiversity. Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg.
Pepijn De Vries, Jacqueline Tamis, Jasmine Nahrgang, Marianne Frantzen, Robbert Jak, Martine Van Den Heuvel‐Greve, Chris Klok, Lia Hemerik (2021). Quantifying the consequence of applying conservative assumptions in the assessment of oil spill effects on polar cod (Boreogadus saida) populations.
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Boreogadus saida: Brief Summary
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por wikipedia EN
Boreogadus saida, known as the polar cod or as the Arctic cod, is a fish of the cod family Gadidae, related to the true cod (genus Gadus). Another fish species for which both the common names Arctic cod and polar cod are used is Arctogadus glacialis.
B. saida has a slender body, a deeply forked tail, a projecting mouth, and a small whisker on its chin. It is plainly coloured with brownish spots and a silvery body. It grows to a length of 40 cm (16 in). This species is found further north than any other fish (beyond 84°N) with a distribution spanning the Arctic seas off northern Russia, Alaska, Canada, and Greenland.
This fish is most commonly found at the water's surface, but is also known to travel at depths greater than 900 metres (3,000 ft). The polar cod is known to frequent river mouths. It is a hardy fish that survives best at temperatures of 0–4 °C (32–39 °F), but may tolerate colder temperatures owing to the presence of antifreeze protein compounds in its blood. They group in large schools in ice-free waters.
B. saida feeds on plankton and krill. It is in turn the primary food source for narwhals, belugas, ringed seals, and seabirds. They are fished commercially in Russia.
Although very populous throughout the Arctic oceans, it still can be a victim to population threats through human actions. Global warming has increased steadily over the past years, and it has caused an increase in ocean temperatures of the Arctic Ocean. Boreogadus saida live in extremely cold water temperatures, and therefore they have adapted to the cold. Their larvae must be in 3°C to hatch normally, and a rise in ocean temperatures can easily lead to phenotypic changes of this cod species. Possible alterations of the species due to increasing ocean temperatures include, smaller size, reduced fecundity, earlier maturation, and increased investment in reproduction at an early age for some.
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Polusa gado
(
Esperanto
)
fornecido por wikipedia EO
La polusa gado (Boreogadus saida) apartenas al la familio de gadedoj. Ĝi estas strikte parenca al moruo (Gadus morhua).
Disvastiĝo kaj biologio
La polusa gado vivas en al malvarmaj akvoj de la arkta Nordpolusa Maro. Tiu specio disvastiĝis ĉirkaŭ la poluso, t.e. ĝi vivas en norda Atlantiko kaj Pacifiko. La polusa gado vivas, kreskas kaj idoproduktas en salakvo kun temperaturo de 0° Celsiuso aŭ sub tio. Ĝi ŝanĝas la vivon direkte sub la mara akvosurfaco kaj akvogrundo.
La unu-dujaraj polusaj gadoj longas 6–17 cm kaj vivas ĉe kavernoj kaj fendoj de glaciaroj. Tie povas ili sin kaŝi kontraŭ la rabobestoj kaj rabemaj gepatroj, same trovi riĉan oferton da besta planktono.
La pli malnovaj fiŝoj vivas en malprofundaj akvoj surfunde aŭ en pli prodfundaj akvotavoloj ĝis 700 m. Tie ili nutras sin per etaj, libere naĝantaj krustacoj kiel amfipodoj aŭ kriloj. Ili atingas nur post 4 jaroj la korpolongon de ĉ. 20 cm kaj iĝas sekse maturaj. la plenkreskaj bestoj atingas la longon de 25 cm ĝis 40 cm, laxu regiono.
Ekologio
Polusa gado estas grava parto de la nordpolusa glacifaŭno. Iliaj malamikoj estas la fiŝmanĝantaj maraj birdoj, mamuloj kaj diversaj fiŝaj specioj. Tiel ĝi estas la plej grava specio de la Polusa Maro, kiu interligas la energiofluon inter la planktonaj organismoj kaj sur la glacio vivantaj vertebruloj.
Kiel nutra rivalo aperas la (germane Lodde: Mallotus villosus) samaree.
vidu arkta gado
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Polusa gado: Brief Summary
(
Esperanto
)
fornecido por wikipedia EO
La polusa gado (Boreogadus saida) apartenas al la familio de gadedoj. Ĝi estas strikte parenca al moruo (Gadus morhua).
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Boreogadus saida
(
Espanhol; Castelhano
)
fornecido por wikipedia ES
El bacalao polar (Boreogadus saida)[1] es un pez de la familia Gadidae, relacionado con el verdadero bacalao (género Gadus). Existe otra especie que comparte un nombre similar, el bacalao Ártico (Arctogadus glacialis). También conocido como Polar cod en Inglés, Saika en ruso siendo este su principal productor y mercado. Se utiliza también como cebo debido a su precio, bajo coste de extracción y baja penetración en el mercado. Carne blanca y con alto porcentaje de proteínas (17%) como todos los gadidos, aunque este se asemeja más al color de la carne del abadejo (Pollachius Virens) que al propio bacalao.
Características
El bacalao polar tiene un cuerpo grácil, la cola con una bifurcación profunda, boca saliente y pequeñas barbas en el mentón. Está plenamente coloreado con manchas marrón sobre un fondo plateado. Alcanza una longitud de 30 cm.
Con frecuencia se encuentra en aguas superficiales, pero se sabe que se sumerge a profundidades hasta de 900 m. Es frecuente que visite los estuarios. Sobrevive mejor a temperaturas entre 0 y 4 °C pero puede tolerar aguas aún más frías, debido a la presencia de proteínas anticongelantes en su sangre. Se agrupan en grandes cardúmenes en aguas descongeladas.
Alimentación y depredación
El bacalao polar se alimenta de plancton y kril. Es a su vez el principal alimento de los narvales, belugas, focas anilladass y aves marinas. Son pescados con fines comerciales en Rusia.
Distribución
Se encuentra más al norte que cualquier otra especie de pez (más allá de los 84 ° N) con una distribución que abarca los mares del Ártico del lado ruso, Alaska, Canadá y Groenlandia (Noruega).
Referencias
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- Autores y editores de Wikipedia
Boreogadus saida: Brief Summary
(
Espanhol; Castelhano
)
fornecido por wikipedia ES
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Boreogadus saida
(
Basco
)
fornecido por wikipedia EU
(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
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Boreogadus saida: Brief Summary
(
Basco
)
fornecido por wikipedia EU
Boreogadus saida Boreogadus generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Gadidae familian sailkatzen da.
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Jäämerenseiti
(
Finlandês
)
fornecido por wikipedia FI
Jäämerenseiti eli Vienan seiti eli saita[1] (Boreogadus saida) on arktisten merten ekosysteemissä tärkeä, pienikokoinen turskakala.
Ulkonäkö
Jäämerenseiti on päältä ruskeansävyinen, kyljistä ja alta hopeanhohtoinen, muodoltaan solakka turskakala. Sillä on syvälovinen pyrstö, lähes hampaaton, esiin työntyvä suu ja hyvin pieni leukasäie. Se on yleensä 20–25 cm:n pituinen.
Levinneisyys
Jäämerenseiti on arktinen merikala, joka elää Alaskan, Kanadan ja Grönlannin, Islannin, Pohjois-Norjan ja Venäjän rannikoilla; laji vaeltaa Barentsinmereltä Vienanmereen. Se viihtyy jään tuntumassa ja se mainitaan pohjoisimmaksi kaikista tunnetuista kaloista, levinneisyys ylittää 85. leveyspiiriin.
Elintavat
Jäämerenseiti liikkuu sekä pinnan läheisyydessä että pohjan tuntumassa. Se viihtyy parhaiten 0–4 Celsiusasteen lämpötilassa, mutta tulee toimeen kylmemmässäkin verensä sisältämien jäätymisenestoproteiinien (AFGP) ansiosta. Jäämerenseiti esiintyy suurina parvina ja sitä tavataan usein jokisuissa ja muissa murtovesissä. Nuoret yksilöt elävät jään alla tai sen tuntumassa. Ne hakevat suojaa jään onkaloista ja syövät planktonia ja katkoja. Yli kaksivuotiaat hakeutuvat syvemmälle ja syövät krillejä ja muita äyriäisiä. Jäämerenseiti itse on sarvi- ja maitovalaiden, arktisten norppien ja vesilintujen keskeinen ravintoeläin.
Jäämerenseiti tulee sukukypsäksi 3–4-vuotiaana, noin 20 senttimetrin mittaisena. Mäti on kelluvaa, pelagista. Kala elää 6–7-vuotiaaksi.
Käyttö
Jäämerenseitiä on pyydetty kaupallisesti Venäjällä ja Pohjois-Norjassa. Siitä on tuotettu lähinnä kalajauhoa ja -öljyä. Saaliit ovat laskeneet 1970-luvun jälkeen ja heilahdelleet rajusti, mutta tämän ei katsota johtuvan liikakalastuksesta.
Lähteet
Viitteet
-
↑ Tietosanakirja (1909-1922), s. 2069[1]
Aiheesta muualla
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Jäämerenseiti: Brief Summary
(
Finlandês
)
fornecido por wikipedia FI
Jäämerenseiti eli Vienan seiti eli saita (Boreogadus saida) on arktisten merten ekosysteemissä tärkeä, pienikokoinen turskakala.
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Morue polaire
(
Francês
)
fornecido por wikipedia FR
Boreogadus saida
La morue polaire (Boreogadus saida) est la seule espèce de Gadidae du genre Boreogadus. Elle ne doit pas être confondue avec le cabillaud arctique, qui est parfois nommé lui aussi morue polaire.
On trouve la morue polaire plus au nord que n'importe quelle espèce de poisson, au-delà du 84e degré de latitude nord. On la trouve dans les mers au nord de l'Alaska, du Canada, du Groenland et de la Russie.
La morue polaire évolue généralement à la surface de l'eau, mais a également été observée à plus de 900 mètres de profondeur. Elle fréquente souvent les estuaires de rivières. C'est un poisson résistant qui vit généralement à des températures de 0 à 4 degrés, mais qui peut également supporter des températures inférieures grâce à une protéine spéciale contenue dans son sang.
Les morues polaires n'atteignent la taille de 20 centimètres qu'à l'âge de quatre ans et deviennent ensuite adultes. Elles peuvent ensuite atteindre entre 25 et 40 centimètres selon les régions.
La morue polaire se nourrit de plancton et de krill. Elle constitue la nourriture de base des narvals, des bélugas, des phoques annelés, de plusieurs espèces de poissons et de nombreux oiseaux de mer. Il s'agit ainsi d'un animal clé dans l'écosystème polaire puisqu'elle permet la transmission de l'énergie du plancton aux vertébrés vivant sur la banquise. La morue polaire est un concurrent direct du capelan, avec qui elle partage tant la nourriture que les prédateurs. Ses effectifs varient fortement d'une année à l'autre.
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Ískóð
(
Islandês
)
fornecido por wikipedia IS
Ískóð (fræðiheiti: Boreogadus saida) er hánorræn smávaxin þorskfiskategund (20–30 cm) sem útbreidd er umhverfis Norðurheimskautið og jafnframt sú fisktegund sem hefur veiðst hvað nyrst í Norður-Íshafinu. Ískóð heldur sig aðallega við botn og þá oft í þéttum torfum en stundum finnst það einnig uppsjávar. Ískóð er ein af örfáum hánorrænum fisktegundum sem finnast við Ísland og við landið eru suðurmörk útbreiðslu þess í norðaustanverðu Norður-Atlantshafi.
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Boreogadus saida
(
Italiano
)
fornecido por wikipedia IT
Boreogadus saida (Lepechin, 1774), noto in italiano come merluzzo polare, è un pesce osseo marino e d'acqua salmastra appartenente alla famiglia Gadidae. Si tratta dell'unica specie del genere Boreogadus.
Distribuzione e habitat
Questa specie è diffusa nelle fredde acque circumpolari dell'Artico che bagnano le coste settentrionali dei continenti europeo, asiatico e nordamericano[1]. In Europa è comune solo nelle acque islandesi e dell'estremo nord della Norvegia[2].
Si tratta di una specie costiera che però può trovarsi fino a oltre 1000 metri di profondità. È tipicamente legato alla presenza di ghiaccio marino. Può trovarsi nelle foci fluviali e nelle lagune glaciali anche in acqua quasi dolce[1].
Descrizione
Ha tre pinne dorsali, due pinne anali e pinna caudale leggermente forcuta. La mascella inferiore è sporgente e porta un corto barbiglio. scaglie minuscole e quasi invisibili[1].
La colorazione è marrone variabile dal violaceo al giallognolo[2] sul dorso con una fine punteggiatura più chiara. Il ventre e i fianchi sono argentati. Le pinne sono scure con margini più chiari[1].
Raggiunge una lunghezza massima di 40 cm, normalmente non supera i 25 cm[1].
Biologia
Vive fino a sette anni. Effettua migrazioni verso il largo e verso riva sia per la riproduzione che in seguito allo spostamento dei ghiacci con l'arrivo della stagione calda[1].
Alimentazione
B. saida si nutre di piccoli crostacei (anfipodi, copepodi, misidacei) e piccoli pesci[1].
Predatori
Questa specie è preda abituale di mammiferi marini come narvali, beluga, leoni marini, di uccelli marini (Procellariiformes), di pesci (Pleuronectidae, Gadus ogac) e calamari[1].
Pesca
Si cattura con reti a strascico. Ha uno scarso valore alimentare e viene usato soprattutto nell'industria[1].
Note
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Boreogadus saida: Brief Summary
(
Italiano
)
fornecido por wikipedia IT
Boreogadus saida (Lepechin, 1774), noto in italiano come merluzzo polare, è un pesce osseo marino e d'acqua salmastra appartenente alla famiglia Gadidae. Si tratta dell'unica specie del genere Boreogadus.
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Arctische kabeljauw
(
Neerlandês; Flamengo
)
fornecido por wikipedia NL
Vissen De Arctische kabeljauw of poolkabeljauw[1] (Boreogadus saida) is een straalvinnige vis uit de familie van kabeljauwen (Gadidae), orde van kabeljauwachtigen (Gadiformes). De volwassen vis is gemiddeld 25 cm lang en kan een lengte bereiken van 40 cm. De hoogst geregistreerde leeftijd is 7 jaar.
Leefomgeving
De Arctische kabeljauw komt in zeewater en brak water voor. De vis prefereert een arctisch klimaat en heeft zich verspreid over het noorden van de Grote en de Atlantische Oceaan, rondom de Noordpool. De diepteverspreiding is 0 tot 400 m onder het wateroppervlak.
Relatie tot de mens
De Arctische kabeljauw is voor de beroepsvisserij van groot belang.
Bronnen, noten en/of referenties -
↑ Grzimek, B. et al. (1972). Het leven der dieren: Deel IV Vissen I. Uitgeverij Het Spectrum N.V., Utrecht/Antwerpen. ISBN 9789027486240
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Arctische kabeljauw: Brief Summary
(
Neerlandês; Flamengo
)
fornecido por wikipedia NL
De Arctische kabeljauw of poolkabeljauw (Boreogadus saida) is een straalvinnige vis uit de familie van kabeljauwen (Gadidae), orde van kabeljauwachtigen (Gadiformes). De volwassen vis is gemiddeld 25 cm lang en kan een lengte bereiken van 40 cm. De hoogst geregistreerde leeftijd is 7 jaar.
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Polartorsk
(
Norueguês
)
fornecido por wikipedia NN
Polartorsk (Boreogadus saida) er ein fisk i torskefamilien.
Skildring
Polartorsken er tydeleg slankare enn andre torskefiskar. Han er raud- eller gråbrun oppå med lysare sider og kvit eller sølvfarga buk. Finnane kan spela blåraudt. Lengda er vanlegvis 20-25 centimeter, men ein har funne fisk oppe i 40 centimeter.[1] Han har eit lite «skjegg» under haka.[2]
Polartorsken kan bli minst 7 år gammal.
Utbreiing
Fisken finst sirkumpolart i arktiske vatn, sør for Island, utanfor Noreg og i Kvitehavet.[1] Polartorsken er pelagisk og føretrekk kaldt vatn (vanlegvis med ein overflatetemperatur under 5 °C).[2]
Levesett
Polartorsken finst vanlegvis i vatn nær iskanten, men ein kan også finna han lengre ute og på djupare vatn. Han kan symja inn i brakkvatn i elvemunningar og fjordar.[1] Fisken et mellom anna zooplankton, som pungreker, og småfisk.[3]
Polartorsken gyter i kystnære område med ein sjøtemperatur like over 0 °C.[2]
Økonomisk tyding
Fisken blir fanga i stor skala, hovudsakleg som industrifisk til framstilling av fiskemjøl og olje.[2]
Kjelder
↑ 1,0 1,1 1,2 Curry-Lindahl, Kai: Våra fiskar : havs- och sötvattensfiskar i Norden och övriga Europa, Norstedt, Stockholm 1985, s. 370. ISBN 91-1-844202-1.
↑ 2,0 2,1 2,2 2,3 Pethon, Per; Svedberg, Ulf: Fiskar i färg, Norstedts, Stockholm 1995, s. 107. ISBN 91-1-923132-6.
↑ «Boreogadus saida: Polar cod» (på engelsk). Fishbase. Henta 8. mai 2009.
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Polartorsk: Brief Summary
(
Norueguês
)
fornecido por wikipedia NN
Polartorsk (Boreogadus saida) er ein fisk i torskefamilien.
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Polartorsk
(
Norueguês
)
fornecido por wikipedia NO
Polartorsk (Boreogadus saida) er en fiskeart i gruppen torskefamilien. Den er utbredt i hele Nordishavet og ved Svalbard. Den er også funnet i Porsangerfjorden i Norge. Det har vært foreslått at arten opptrer i to hovedgrupper eller beite- og yngleområder - et ved Svalbard og et i nordøstre Barentshavet. Polartorsk er en nøkkelart i det arktiske økosystemet ved at den bringer energien fra havdypets zooplankton opp til overflaten og viderefører dette til sjøfugl, og den er antakelig også en viktig matkilde for annen fisk.[2]
Beskrivelse
Polartorsken kan bli inntil 50 cm lang, men er sjelden over 30 cm. Den er litt slankere enn torsken og har underbitt. Den har tre ryggfinner, den første har 10-16 bløtstråler, den andre 12-17 bløtstråler og den tredje har 16-24 bløtstråler. Første gattfinne har 13-21 bløtstråler og andre gattfinne har 17-23 bløtstråler. Bukfinnene er lange og når bak til gattåpningen. Polartorsken er brunlig på ryggen og sølvfarget på sidene og buken. Individene er mindre og vokser saktere ved Svalbard, enn i det østlige Barentshavet.[3]
Polartorsken utvikler seg fra egg og yngel i lommer og hulrom under havisen om våren, og utover sommeren beveger den seg ned mot 15-80 meters dyp. Med alderen går individene stadig dypere etter som de blir større. Voksne individer beiter både semipelagisk og helt ned til havbunnen.[4]
Referanser
-
^ Polartorsk i Artsdatabanken. Besøkt 4. desember 2015.
-
^ Inger-Britt Falk-Petersen, Vigdis Frivoll, Bjørn Gulliksen og Tore Haug,«Occurrence and size/age relations of polar cod, Boreogadus Saida (Lepechin), in Spitsbergen coastal waters», Sarsia Volum 71, nummer 3-4, 1986.
-
^ Inger-Britt Falk-Petersen, Vigdis Frivoll, Bjørn Gulliksen og Tore Haug,«Occurrence and size/age relations of polar cod, Boreogadus Saida (Lepechin), in Spitsbergen coastal waters», Sarsia Volum 71, nummer 3-4, 1986.
-
^ Inger-Britt Falk-Petersen, Vigdis Frivoll, Bjørn Gulliksen og Tore Haug,«Occurrence and size/age relations of polar cod, Boreogadus Saida (Lepechin), in Spitsbergen coastal waters», Sarsia Volum 71, nummer 3-4, 1986.
Litteratur
Eksterne lenker
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Polartorsk: Brief Summary
(
Norueguês
)
fornecido por wikipedia NO
Polartorsk (Boreogadus saida) er en fiskeart i gruppen torskefamilien. Den er utbredt i hele Nordishavet og ved Svalbard. Den er også funnet i Porsangerfjorden i Norge. Det har vært foreslått at arten opptrer i to hovedgrupper eller beite- og yngleområder - et ved Svalbard og et i nordøstre Barentshavet. Polartorsk er en nøkkelart i det arktiske økosystemet ved at den bringer energien fra havdypets zooplankton opp til overflaten og viderefører dette til sjøfugl, og den er antakelig også en viktig matkilde for annen fisk.
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Sajka
(
Polonês
)
fornecido por wikipedia POL
Multimedia w Wikimedia Commons Sajka[2], dorszyk polarny[2], sajda[3] (Boreogadus saida) – gatunek morskiej ryby dorszokształtnej z rodziny dorszowatych, jedyny przedstawiciel rodzaju Boreogadus. Poławiany gospodarczo. Lokalnie wykorzystywany jest jako karma dla psów zaprzęgowych.
Występowanie
Zimne wody półkuli północnej, w pobliżu kier lodowych. Podpływa do ujść rzek.
Charakterystyka
Niewielka ryba dorastająca do ok. 30 cm długości. Ciało smukłe, dolna szczęka dłuższa od górnej. Wąsik szczątkowy. Ubarwienie grzbietu brązowe, boki srebrzyste.
Sajki pływają w dużych ławicach w wodach pelagialnych. Żywią się okrzemkami i skorupiakami. Stanowią pokarm ssaków morskich i większych ryb. Tarło odbywają w pobliżu ujść rzecznych. Żyją 6–7 lat.
Zobacz też
Przypisy
Bibliografia
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Sajka: Brief Summary
(
Polonês
)
fornecido por wikipedia POL
Sajka, dorszyk polarny, sajda (Boreogadus saida) – gatunek morskiej ryby dorszokształtnej z rodziny dorszowatych, jedyny przedstawiciel rodzaju Boreogadus. Poławiany gospodarczo. Lokalnie wykorzystywany jest jako karma dla psów zaprzęgowych.
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Polarna trska
(
Espanhol; Castelhano
)
fornecido por wikipedia SL
Polarna trska (znanstveno ime Boreogadus saida) je riba iz družine trsk.
Polarna trska ima podolgovato in vitko telo z globoko zarezano repno plavutjo. Na spodnji čeljusti ima ta vrsta mesnati izrastek. Hrbet je temnejših odtenkov z rjavimi pegami, boki pa so srebrni. V dolžino doseže do 30 cm. Polarna trska je najbolj severno živeča ribja vrsta, ki je razširjena na zemljepisnih širinah nad 84° severno. Poseljuje polarna morja severne Rusije, Aljaske, Kanade in Grenlandije. Najpogosteje se zadržuje v jatah tik pod vodno gladino, lahko pa živi do 900 metrov globoko. Pogosto zahaja tudi v rečna ustja. Zaradi posebnih beljakovin v krvi lahko živi tudi v vodah s temperaturo pod 0º C, običajno pa se zadržuje v vodah s temperaturo med 0 in 4º C.
Osnovna prehrana polarne trske je plankton in kril, sama pa je plen narvalov, belug, tjulnjev in raznih morskih ptic. V Rusiji predstavlja gospodarsko pomembno ribo, ki jo lovijo z mrežami.
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Polartorsk
(
Sueco
)
fornecido por wikipedia SV
Polartorsken, Boreogadus saida, är en art i familjen torskfiskar.
Utseende
Polartorsken är påtagligt slank jämfört med andra torskfiskar. Upptill är den röd- till gråbrun, sidorna ljusare, medan buken oftast är rent silverfärgad till vit. Fenorna kan skifta i blårött. Längden är vanligen 20 till 25 centimeter, men exemplar så stora som 40 centimeter har påträffats.[1] Den har en mycket liten skäggtöm under hakan.[2]
Polartorsken kan bli åtminstone 7 år gammal.[3]
Utbredning
Fisken förekommer circumpolärt i arktiska vatten. Söderut till Island, norra Norge och Vita havet.[1] Polartorsken är pelagisk och föredrar kallt vatten (vanligtvis med en ytvattentemperatur under 5 °C).[2]
Vanor
Polartorsken återfinns vanligen i ytvatten nära iskanten, även om den också kan påträffas längre ut och på djupare vatten. Den kan gå in i brackvatten i flodmynningar och fjordar.[1] Den äter bland annat zooplankton som mysisräkor, men också små fiskar.[3]
Polartorsken leker i kustnära vatten med en temperatur strax över 0 °C.[2]
Ekonomisk betydelse
Fisken fångas i stor skala, främst som industrifisk (fiskmjöl och olja).[2]
Källor
- ^ [a b c] Curry-Lindahl, Kai (1985). Våra fiskar: havs- och sötvattensfiskar i Norden och övriga Europa. Stockholm: Norstedts. sid. 370. ISBN 91-1-844202-1
- ^ [a b c d] Pethon, Per; Svedberg, Ulf (1995). Fiskar i färg. Stockholm: Norstedts. sid. 107. ISBN 91-1-923132-6
- ^ [a b] ”Boreogadus saida: Polar cod” (på en). FishBase. http://www.fishbase.org/Summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=319. Läst 13 februari 2016.
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Polartorsk: Brief Summary
(
Sueco
)
fornecido por wikipedia SV
Polartorsken, Boreogadus saida, är en art i familjen torskfiskar.
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Cá tuyết vùng cực
(
Vietnamita
)
fornecido por wikipedia VI
Cá tuyết vùng cực hay cá tuyết Bắc Cực, (danh pháp hai phần: Boreogadus saida), là một loài cá trong họ Cá tuyết (Gadidae), có quan hệ họ hàng với cá tuyết thật sự (chi Gadus). Lưu ý rằng một loài cá khác cũng có tên gọi chung là cá tuyết Bắc Cực với danh pháp Arctogadus glacialis.
Đặc điểm
Cá tuyết vùng cực có đầu to, mắt to với đường kính còn lớn hơn cả chiều rộng của cuống đuôi, thân hình mảnh dẻ về phía sau, đuôi xẻ thùy sâu, miệng lồi ra và có các sợi râu nhỏ trên cằm. Nó có màu sắc đơn giản với các đốm ánh nâu và thân hình màu bạc. Nó có thể dài tới 30 cm. Cá tuyết vùng cực được tìm thấy xa hơn cả về phía bắc so với bất kỳ loài cá nào khác (vượt qua vĩ tuyến 84° vĩ bắc) với sự phân bổ trải dài trong các biển thuộc Bắc cực của miền bắc Nga, Alaska, Canada và Greenland.
Loài cá này nói chung hay được tìm thấy ở các vùng nước bề mặt, nhưng cũng có thể sống tại độ sâu tới trên 900 m. Cá tuyết vùng cực ăn các loại sinh vật phù du hay tôm tép tại các vùng nước bề mặt (không giống như họ hàng của nó là cá tuyết Đại Tây Dương kiếm ăn ở tầng đáy). Cá tuyết vùng cực thường hay đi vào các vùng cửa sông về mùa thu. Nó là loài cá chịu lạnh rất tốt, có thể sống tốt ở nhiệt độ 0-4 °C, nhưng có thể chịu được nhiệt độ lạnh hơn, do trong máu của chúng có các hợp chất glycoprotein chống đông (AFGP). Chúng hợp lại thành bầy lớn trong các vùng nước không bị băng che phủ. Mùa sinh sản diễn ra từ tháng 10 tới tháng 3 năm sau. Trứng cá trôi nổi. Mỗi con cái có thể đẻ 10-35 nghìn trứng mỗi lần. Độ tuổi thuần thục về mặt sinh dục là 3-4 năm tuổi, khi đạt độ dài 19–20 cm, và chúng có thể sống tới 6-7 năm.
Giá trị
Nó là một trong những nguồn thức ăn chủ yếu của kỳ lân biển, cá voi trắng, hải cẩu vòng và các loài chim biển. Nó là loài cá được đánh bắt ở quy mô thương mại tại Nga trong những năm gần đây, tại khu vực ven Bạch Hải và biển Barents, nhưng chất lượng thịt không được đánh giá cao.
Tham khảo
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Wikispecies có thông tin sinh học về
Cá tuyết vùng cực ![src=]()
Phương tiện liên quan tới Boreogadus saida tại Wikimedia Commons
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Boreogadus saida trong IT IS, truy cập ngày 19-3-2006
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Boreogadus saida tại FishBase, chủ biên Ranier Froese và Daniel Pauly. Phiên bản tháng 10 năm 2005. N.p.: FishBase, 2005.
- licença
- cc-by-sa-3.0
- direitos autorais
- Wikipedia tác giả và biên tập viên
Cá tuyết vùng cực: Brief Summary
(
Vietnamita
)
fornecido por wikipedia VI
Cá tuyết vùng cực hay cá tuyết Bắc Cực, (danh pháp hai phần: Boreogadus saida), là một loài cá trong họ Cá tuyết (Gadidae), có quan hệ họ hàng với cá tuyết thật sự (chi Gadus). Lưu ý rằng một loài cá khác cũng có tên gọi chung là cá tuyết Bắc Cực với danh pháp Arctogadus glacialis.
- licença
- cc-by-sa-3.0
- direitos autorais
- Wikipedia tác giả và biên tập viên
Сайка (рыба)
(
Russo
)
fornecido por wikipedia русскую Википедию
У этого термина существуют и другие значения, см.
Сайка.
Род: Сайки (Boreogadus Günter, 1862)
Вид: Сайка
Международное научное название
Boreogadus saida (Lepechin, 1774)
Ареал
Систематика
на Викивидах
Изображения
на Викискладе ITIS 164706NCBI 44932EOL 203867 Са́йка, или полярная тресочка[1] (лат. Boreogadus saida) — холодноводная, арктическая, криопелагическая рыба семейства тресковых (Gadidae) отряда трескообразных (Gadiformes). Единственный вид в монотипическом роде саек (Boreogadus).
Описание
Максимальная длина тела 40 см, обычно — 25 см, максимальная продолжительность жизни — 7 лет[2]. Тело сильно утончающееся к хвосту. Хвостовой плавник с глубокой выемкой. Голова большая, нижняя челюсть чуть выдаётся вперёд, усик на подбородке маленький. Глаза большие, диаметром больше высоты хвостового стебля. Верх головы и спина серовато-коричневые; бока и брюхо серебристо-серые.
Распространение
Распространена сайка циркумполярно по всей акватории Северного Ледовитого океана, встречается как у берегов, так и в отдалении от них, обычно под плавучими льдами и в разводьях. Заходит севернее любого другого вида — до 85° с. ш. Обнаружена в солоноватых лагунах и устьях рек[2].
Биология
Живёт в поверхностных морских водах, опреснённых подтаивающими льдами, при близкой к 0 °C или отрицательной температуре. На глубину ниже 700—900 м опускается редко. Низкие температуры переносит благодаря наличию в крови естественного антифриза — гликопротеина AFGP, препятствующего замерзанию.
Осенью сайка собирается в большие стаи, нередко подходит к берегам, образуя массовые скопления в прибрежных водах и в устьях рек. Нерест происходит с октября по март, икра плавучая, пелагическая. Плодовитость 6—70 тыс. икринок.
Половозрелой сайка становится в возрасте 3—4 лет, достигнув длины 19—20 см.
Питается сайка фито— и зоопланктоном, рачками, главным образом эвфаузиевыми, молодью рыб.
Хозяйственное значение
Сайка — основная пища многих арктических млекопитающих (нарвала, белухи, тюленей), птиц, рыб. Промышлять её стали лишь в последние годы в Белом море и в юго-восточной части Баренцева моря; вкусовые качества невысоки.
Примечания
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- cc-by-sa-3.0
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- Авторы и редакторы Википедии
Сайка (рыба): Brief Summary
(
Russo
)
fornecido por wikipedia русскую Википедию
Са́йка, или полярная тресочка (лат. Boreogadus saida) — холодноводная, арктическая, криопелагическая рыба семейства тресковых (Gadidae) отряда трескообразных (Gadiformes). Единственный вид в монотипическом роде саек (Boreogadus).
- licença
- cc-by-sa-3.0
- direitos autorais
- Авторы и редакторы Википедии
北鱈
(
Chinês
)
fornecido por wikipedia 中文维基百科
二名法 Boreogadus saidaLepechin,1774 北鱈為輻鰭魚綱鱈形目鱈科的其中一種，分布於北極圈海域，本魚尾鰭深叉形，下頜略長於上頜，下巴觸鬚非常小，沒有在頭部上的側線孔，鱗片小且深嵌，不是部分重疊。體褐色並沿著背面有許多細的點;側邊與腹面銀色; 鰭暗色的有灰白的邊緣，體長可達40公分，棲息在沿海海域，屬肉食性，以橈腳類、端足類、魚類等為食，為高經濟價值的食用魚。
參考文獻
北鱈: Brief Summary
(
Chinês
)
fornecido por wikipedia 中文维基百科
北鱈為輻鰭魚綱鱈形目鱈科的其中一種，分布於北極圈海域，本魚尾鰭深叉形，下頜略長於上頜，下巴觸鬚非常小，沒有在頭部上的側線孔，鱗片小且深嵌，不是部分重疊。體褐色並沿著背面有許多細的點;側邊與腹面銀色; 鰭暗色的有灰白的邊緣，體長可達40公分，棲息在沿海海域，屬肉食性，以橈腳類、端足類、魚類等為食，為高經濟價值的食用魚。
Diet
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por World Register of Marine Species
Feeds mostly on epibenthic mysids, also amphipods, copepods and fishes
North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS)
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- cc-by-4.0
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- WoRMS Editorial Board
Distribution
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por World Register of Marine Species
North Atlantic: White Sea, Iceland, and southern Greenland into the Miramichi River, New Brunswick in Canada
North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS)
- licença
- cc-by-4.0
- direitos autorais
- WoRMS Editorial Board
Habitat
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por World Register of Marine Species
Occurs in coastal habitats during summer and winter.
North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS)
- licença
- cc-by-4.0
- direitos autorais
- WoRMS Editorial Board
Habitat
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por World Register of Marine Species
benthic
North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS)
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- cc-by-4.0
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- WoRMS Editorial Board
Habitat
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por World Register of Marine Species
Under-ice
4. Chesser, R.T. (2004) Systematics, evolution, and biogeography of the South American ovenbird genus Cinclodes.
The Auk,
121: 752 - 766.
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- cc-by-4.0
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- WoRMS Editorial Board
Datos: Q829980
Especies: Boreogadus saida
