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Kelletia kelletii ( Alemão )

fornecido por wikipedia DE
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Gehäuse von Kelletia kelletii, William Hellier Baily.
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Gehäuse von Kelletia kelletii.
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Um an schwer erreichbares Futter – hier: tote Fische – zu gelangen, kann Kelletia kelletii ihre Proboscis weit ausfahren.
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Der Seestern Pisaster giganteus frisst eine Muschel Chama pellucida, während drei Kelletia kelletii mit ihren Proboscides auch an das Muschelfleisch gelangen wollen.
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Eine Gruppe von Kelletia kelletii legt Eikapseln ab.
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Eikapseln von Kelletia kelletii.

Kelletia kelletii ist eine große Schneckenart aus der Familie der Hornschnecken (Buccinidae), die an der Küste Kaliforniens beheimatet ist.

Merkmale

Das rechtsgewundene, spindelförmige, weißliche Schneckenhaus von Kelletia kelletii hat etwa 6 Umgänge und erreicht eine Länge von etwa 17,5 cm. Es weist eine kurvige Naht auf und läuft in einen langen Siphonalkanal aus. Die Oberfläche des dickwandigen Gehäuses ist mit markanten Nuckeln versehen. Es ist oft mit Moostierchen, Schwämmen und Algen bewachsen. Der Protoconch von Kelletia kelletii hat einen halben bis anderthalb Umgänge und eine abgerundete Spitze.

Fortpflanzungszyklus

Kelletia kelletii zeigt Sexualdimorphismus: Bei Paarungen sind die Weibchen deutlich größer als die Männchen. Weibchen werden bei einer Gehäuselänge von 6,5 cm bis 7 cm geschlechtsreif, Männchen dagegen bereits bei 5 cm bis 6 cm.

Etwa 15 bis 20, bisweilen aber auch etwa 200 bis 300 Weibchen und Männchen kommen jährlich zur Paarung, bei der das Männchen das Weibchen mit seinem Penis begattet, in größeren Gruppen zusammen. Die Eikapseln werden im März, April und Mai abgelegt.

Die ovalen Eikapseln werden in größeren Gelegen aufrecht auf hartem Untergrund abgelegt – Felsen, Molluskenschalen oder auch Schalen von Artgenossen –, wobei vermutlich Stellen bevorzugt werden, an denen sich bereits Eikapseln befinden. Die Eiablage kann nur einen oder auch mehrere Tage dauern. Die Eikapseln sind je nach Größe des Weibchens 6 mm bis 9 mm hoch und enthalten etwa 400 bis 1200 Eier, gelegentlich bis zu 2200 Eier.

Die Embryonen entwickeln sich zunächst in der Kapsel und verlassen diese etwa 30 bis 34 Tage nach Eiablage bei 14 bis 17 °C. Sodann leben sie mehrere Wochen als pelagische, Plankton fressende Veliger-Larve. Dabei sind die schlüpfenden Veliger-Larven umso größer, je kleiner die Eikapsel ist.

In Laboruntersuchungen metamorphosierte ein Drittel der Larven im Alter von 5 bis 9 Wochen in Anwesenheit von Felsen mit der Wurmschnecke Petaloconchus montereyensis, doch alle Larven im Alter von 8 bis 9 Wochen bei hohen Konzentrationen von Kaliumchlorid. Hieraus wird auf eine pelagische Larvenzeit von etwa fünfeinhalb bis neun Wochen geschlossen.

Kelletia kelletii wächst mit 7 mm bis 10 mm pro Jahr in der Zeit der bis zur Geschlechtsreife langsam und erreicht diese erst spät. Die Geschlechtsreife wird bei einer Gehäuselänge (vom Apex bis zur Spitze des Siphonalkanals) von etwa 6 cm erreicht. Danach verlangsamt sich das Wachstum weiter, und erst mit etwa 20 Jahren wird eine Gehäuselänge von etwa 9 cm erreicht.

Verbreitung und Vorkommen

Kelletia kelletii lebt an der nordamerikanischen Pazifikküste zwischen Isla Asunción (Baja California) und Monterey (Kalifornien) in Tangwäldern, Felsenriffen und Übergängen zu Kies und Sand unterhalb der Gezeitenzone in Tiefen von 2 bis 70 m. An der südkalifornischen Küste ist sie auf Riffen unterhalb der Gezeitenzone sehr häufig. Jüngere Individuen leben versteckter als geschlechtsreife und vergraben sich im Substrat.

Ernährung

Kelletia kelletii ist sowohl Räuber als auch Aasfresser. Sie kann hierzu ihre muskulöse Proboscis auf etwa die doppelte Gehäuselänge ausfahren und so Nahrung in Spalten oder im Substrat erreichen. Die Nahrung wird mithilfe der Radula abgeraspelt und durch saugende Pumpbewegungen von Muskeln in der Proboscis in den Darm befördert. Oft werden zahlreiche Individuen durch ein Stück Aas angelockt. In einem Fall fand Rosenthal (1971) vor Point Loma 85 Schnecken Kelletia kelletii, die an einem toten Fisch der Gattung Paralabrax fraßen.

Nach Untersuchungen von Rosenthal erbeutet Kelletia kelletii als Räuber unter anderem Polychaeten (Diopatra ornata, Phyllochaetopterus prolifica), Muscheln (Adula falcata, Lithophaga plumula, Pododesmus cepio), Schnecken (Petaloconchus montereyensis, die Turbanschnecken Tegula brunnea und – signifikant weniger – Tegula eiseni, die auch aktiv verfolgt werden, und die Kegelschnecke Conus californicus), Rankenfußkrebse (die Seepocke Megabalanus tintinnabulum) und Seescheiden (Styela montereyensis). Als Aasfresser wird sie offenbar von jeglicher Art toter oder verletzter, sterbender Tiere angelockt und frisst das Fleisch toter Muscheln (Chama pellucida, Hinnites multirugosus, Parapholas californica, Platyodon cancellatus, Ventricolaria fordii), Schnecken (Astraea undosa, Bursa californica, Jaton festivus), Kopffüßer (Loligo opalescens), Krebse (Panulirus interruptus, Taliepus nuttallii), Seesterne (Pisaster giganteus), Seeigel (Strongylocentrotus franciscanus, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus) und Fische (Paralabrax nebulifer, Sphyraena argentea).

Kelletia kelletii wurde von Rosenthal öfters in der Nähe des „Riesenseesterns“ Pisaster giganteus beobachtet, während dieser ein Beutetier fraß. Obwohl Pisaster giganteus auch Kelletia kelletii frisst, zeigt diese keine Fluchtreaktion. Verzehrt der Seestern gerade eine andere Beute, überwiegt offenbar der Vorteil für die Schnecke, an deren Fleisch zu gelangen. In der Regel sind es 2 oder 3 Schnecken, die mithilfe ihrer langen Proboscides dem fressenden Seestern einen Teil der Beute wegraspeln. Andere Seesterne, bei denen Kelletia kelletii als Kommensale mitfrisst, sind Dermasterias imbricata und Pisaster brevispinus.

Fressfeinde

Seesterne gelten als Hauptfeinde von Kelletia kelletii, darunter auch Arten, bei denen sie als Kommensale auftritt – Pisaster giganteus und Pisaster brevispinus – sowie Astrometis sertulifera. Weitere Fressfeinde sind Kraken (Octopus bimaculatus), Mondschnecken (Lunatia lewisii), Fische (Rhacochilus vacca und der Hornhai Heterodontus francisci) und Seeotter.

Name

Kelletia kelletii wurde erstmals 1850 unter dem Namen Fusus kelletii von dem Naturforscher Edward Forbes von der Isle of Man beschrieben. Mit dem Artepitheton und dem später vergebenen Gattungsnamen wird der Kapitän Henry Kellett geehrt, der die Expedition leitete, bei der das Typusexemplar gesammelt wurde.

Literatur

  • Donald Putnam Abbott, Eugene Clinton Haderlie: Prosobranchia, in: Robert Hugh Morris, Donald Putnam Abbott, Eugene Clinton Haderlie: Intertidal Invertebrates of California. S. 230–307, hier S. 286, 13.87: Kelletia kelletii (Forbes, 1852). Stanford University Press, 1st ed., Stanford (CA, USA) 1980.
  • M. R. Romero, K. M. Walker, C. J. Cortez, Y. Sanchez, K. J. Nelson, D. C. Ortega, S. L. Smick, W. J. Hoese, D. C. Zacherl (2012): Larval Diel Vertical Migration of the Marine Gastropod Kelletia kelletii (Forbes, 1850). Journal of Marine Biology, Article ID 386575. doi:10.1155/2012/386575.
  • R. J. Rosenthal (1971): Trophic interaction between the sea star Pisaster giganteus and the gastropod Kelletia kelletii. Fishery Bulletin 69 (3), S. 669–679. U.S. Department of Commerce.
  • R. J. Rosenthal (1970): Observations on the reproductive biology of the Kellet's whelk, Kelletia kelletii (Gastropoda: Neptuneidae). The Veliger 12 (3), S. 319–324.
  • R. J. Rosenthal, W. D. Clarke, P. K. Dayton (1974). Ecology and natural history of a stand of giant kelp, Macrocystis pyrifera, off Del Mar California. Fishery Bulletin 72 (3), S. 670–684. U.S. Department of Commerce.
  • K. Hubbard (2008): 2 Kellet’s Whelk, Kelletia kelletii. Status of the Fisheries Report 2008, Section 2, S. 1–6. (PDF)
  • Edward Forbes (1850): On the species of Mollusca collected during the Surveying Voyages of the Herald and Pandora, by Capt. Kellett, R.N., C.B. and Lieut. Wood, R.N. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 18, S. 270–274. Pl. IX, Fig. 10.
  • H. L. Cumberland (1995): "A life history analysis of the Kellet's whelk, Kelletia kelletii". Msc. Thesis, San Diego State University, San Diego (CA). 93 Seiten.
  • H. M. Feder, R. Lasker (1968): A radula mauscle preparation from the gastropod, Kelletia kelletii, for biochemical essays. The Veliger 10, S. 283–285.
  • Ulysses S. Grant IV, Hoyt Rodney Gale (1931): Catalogue of the marine Pliocene and Pleistocene mollusca of California. Memoirs of the San Diego Society of Natural History 1, 1036 Seiten, S. 642–543, Pl. 28, Fig. 7.
  • T. J. Herrlinger (1981): Range extension of Kelletia kelletii. The Veliger 24 (1), S. 78.
  • S. E. Koch (2008). Exploring the use of statoliths of Kelletia kelletii as natural tags to estimate population connectivity across a species' range. Thesis, California State University, Fullerton, 53 Seiten.
  • S. I. Lonhart (2001): An Invasive Whelk as Predator and Prey: the Ecology of Kelletia kelletii in Monterey Bay, California. DPhil. Thesis, University of California, Santa Cruz (CA), 114 Seiten.
  • P. N. Reilly (1987): Population studies of rock crab, Cancer antennarius, yellow crab, C. anthonyi, and Kellet's whelk, Kelletia kelletii, in the vicinity of Little Cojo Bay, Santa Barbara County, California. California fish and game 73 (2), S. 88–98.
  • D. Zacher, S. D. Gaines, S. I. Lonhart (2003): The limits to biogeographical distributions: insights from the northward range extension of the marine snail, Kelletia kelletii (Forbes, 1852). Journal of Biogeography 30, S. 913–924. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2699.2003.00899.x.

Einzelnachweise

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Kelletia kelletii: Brief Summary ( Alemão )

fornecido por wikipedia DE
 src= Gehäuse von Kelletia kelletii, William Hellier Baily.  src= Gehäuse von Kelletia kelletii.  src= Um an schwer erreichbares Futter – hier: tote Fische – zu gelangen, kann Kelletia kelletii ihre Proboscis weit ausfahren.  src= Der Seestern Pisaster giganteus frisst eine Muschel Chama pellucida, während drei Kelletia kelletii mit ihren Proboscides auch an das Muschelfleisch gelangen wollen.  src= Eine Gruppe von Kelletia kelletii legt Eikapseln ab.  src= Eikapseln von Kelletia kelletii.

Kelletia kelletii ist eine große Schneckenart aus der Familie der Hornschnecken (Buccinidae), die an der Küste Kaliforniens beheimatet ist.

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Kelletia kelletii ( Inglês )

fornecido por wikipedia EN

Kelletia kelletii, common name Kellet's whelk, is a species of large sea snail, a whelk, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Buccinidae, the true whelks.[3][4]

Kelletia kelletii is a large scavenger[4][5] and predatory sea snail commonly found in subtidal kelp forests, rocky reefs, and cobble-sand interfaces at depths ranging from 2 to 70 m from Isla Asunción, Baja California, Mexico to Monterey, California, USA.[6] It aggregates seasonally for mating and is slow-growing.[6] It is also a recently targeted fishery species[6] and a subject of a rapidly expanding fishery.[7]

Distribution

Kelletia kelletii is found from Isla Asunción, Baja California, Mexico, to Monterey, CA, USA.[6] The type locality is the "Californian coast".[2] Studies suggest that the Kellet's whelk range expanded to Monterey Bay in the 1970s or early 1980s, possibly due to an El Niño event, and is dependent on recruits from southern California.[7]

Description

An apertural view of a shell of Kelletia kelletii from its original 1850 description, drawn by William Hellier Baily
A live Kelletia kelletii
A shell of Kelletia kelletii

Kelletia kelletii was discovered and described (under the name Fusus kelletii) by Manx naturalist Edward Forbes in 1850.[2] The specific name kelletii is in honor of captain Henry Kellett, who led the scientific expedition during which these snails were collected.[2]

Kellet's whelks are the largest buccinid gastropods found in southern California.[7] The robust, spindle shaped, spiraled shell can reach 6.9 inches (17.5 centimeters) in length.[7] Shells are white to tan and are often covered with encrusting organisms such as bryozoans, sponges and algae.[7]

Kellet's whelks display sexual dimorphism with females being the larger individual in a mating pair.[7] Females are generally sexually mature between 2.6 and 2.8 inches (6.5 and 7.0 centimeters), with males maturing at slightly smaller sizes.[7]

Ecology

Three Kelletia kelletii in captivity (one hidden behind another) feed on dead fish, each one using a long, prehensile proboscis to reach down to the food

Kelletia kelletii is commonly found in subtidal kelp forests, rocky reefs and cobble-sand interfaces at depths ranging from 2 to 70 m.[6] It is a conspicuous and abundant inhabitant of the nearshore subtidal reefs off southern California.[5]

Feeding habits

Kelletia kelletii is a large carnivorous scavenger.[5] It also occasionally feeds on live organisms as a predatory gastropod.[5][6] As a scavenger, it appears to be attracted to almost any injured or dead animal on the sea floor.[5] Often in subtidal areas large numbers of Kelletia kelletii have been observed moving towards and/or feeding upon one food item.[5]

As a predator Kellet's whelk feeds on dead or alive polychaetes, bivalves, sea snails, crustaceans, ascidians. Additionally, they are known to scavenge on dead fish, echinoderms, and cephalopods.[5]

Kelletia kelletii feeds with an extensible muscular proboscis which can be extended from the head region during feeding.[5] Food is ingested by a muscular sucking action of the proboscis and a rasping of the radula.[5] The proboscis is capable of extending approximately twice the length of the whelk's shell; it is this extension which allows Kelletia kelletii to reach food items in depressions or within the substratum.[5] Most of the scavenger feedings by Kelletia kelletii attract more than one individual.[5] In one instance, 85 were clustered around and feeding on a dead sea bass, Paralabrax sp., off Point Loma.[5]

Interaction with sea star

Kellet's whelk has been observed feeding together at the same time with the Giant sea star Pisaster giganteus on common food items and thus these two species are trophically interrelated.[5] Pisaster giganteus also preys on Kelletia kelletii more often than any other motile gastropod, and yet the whelks do not appear to be eaten in proportion to their abundance or accessibility in studied localitions.[5] The sea star appears to be a major predator of the whelk, even though Kelletia kelletii makes up less than 10% of the diet of the sea star.[5] The whelk does not display an avoidance response in the presence of Pisaster giganteus.[5] Coexistence between the two species is believed possible as long as Kelletia kelletii does not become a preferred prey of the sea star.[5] Usually these feeding convergences involved only a single sea star and two or three whelks.[5]

These convergent feeding groups were not limited to Kelletia kelletii and Pisaster giganteus. Kelletia kelletii has also been observed feeding interspecifically with two other sea stars, Dermasterias imbricata and Pisaster brevispinus.[5]

Life cycle

Females and males aggregate seasonally for mating.[6] Fertilization is internal.[7] Kellet's whelks reproduce annually, with egg-laying restricted to late spring and summer (in March, April and May).[6][7] The snails form aggregations, with the average spawning cluster being about 15 to 20 snails.[8] However, a few spawning aggregations contain between 200 and 300 individuals.[8]

Oval-shaped egg capsules are deposited in clusters on hard substrates, including rock reef, discarded mollusk shells, and other Kellet's whelks, with egg laying speculated to be favored on substrate already containing Kellet's whelk egg capsules.[7] Egg deposition may occur over several days at several locations, or all within one day.[7] Egg capsules generally contain between 400 and 1200 eggs, with the height of the capsule, and number of eggs directly correlating to the size of the spawning female.[7] Egg capsule height generally ranges between 0.2 and 0.4 inches (0.0051 and 0.0102 metres)illimeters) and capsules may occasionally contain up to 2200 eggs.[7]

Embryos begin development within the capsule for about 30–34 days.[6] They emerge into the water column as free swimming veliger larvae that are (planktonic and pelagic).[7] Veliger size is inversely related to egg capsule size, with smaller capsules containing larger veligers.[7] The protoconch of Kelletia kelletii has 0.5-1.5 whorls and a bulbous apex.[9]

Laboratory culturing studies resulted in successful metamorphosis of 33% of larvae (n=10) from weeks 5.5 through 9 in the presence of live rock dominated by Petaloconchus montereyensis (a prey species of Kelletia kelletii), as well as 100% of larvae exposed to high concentrations of KCl in weeks 8 and 9; these pilot results suggest a planktonic duration of at least 5.5–9.0 weeks.[6] Larvae are becoming more demersal as they are approaching competency.[6]

Kelletia kelletii is slow-growing, and slow to mature.[6] Studies have suggested a growth rate of 0.3 to 0.4 inches (0.0076 to 0.0102 metres)illimeters) per year until sexual maturity.[7] Rosenthal (1970)[10] reported onset of sexual maturity at c. 60 mm in shell length (defined as maximum shell length from the tip of the spire to the tip of the siphonal canal).[6] Once sexual maturity is reached, growth slows considerably and it has been suggested that it takes at least 20 years to reach 3.5 inches (9.0 centimeters).[7] In a year-long tagging study in southern California the majority of the 188 animals recaptured showed no growth at the end of the year.[7]

Life cycle of Kelletia kelletii

Predators

Giant sea stars and Kelletia kelletii

Predators of Kelletia kelletii:

Human use

Shells of Kellet's whelks have been found in archeological and paleontological sites in southern California.[7]

Fishery

The earliest recorded commercial landing data specific to Kellet's whelk dates back to 1979, but prior to this it may have been recorded as "miscellaneous mollusks" or "sea snails".[7] Landings data indicate an increased intake starting in 1993 at 4590 pounds (2 metric tons), with the highest landings in 2006 being 191,177 pounds (87 metric tons). This represents an over forty-fold increase in thirteen years.[7] Kellet's whelk landings have been reported at 24 ports from 1979 to 2008, with 80 percent of landings occurring at four ports.[7] The majority of landings (439,828 pounds, 200 metric tons in 2008) occurred at Santa Barbara, with approximately 40 percent of the total landings reported.[7] The other three top ports were Terminal Island, San Diego, and San Pedro.[7] Dana Point is also an important port.[11] Ex-vessel value from the 2008 commercial harvest of Kellet's whelks was approximately $132,700, with price per pound averaging $0.82 ($1.81 per kilogram).[7] Since 1979, the fishery's ex-vessel value has ranged from $94 (1988) to approximately $136,000 (2007) and the ex-vessel price has ranged from $0.24 per pound ($0.53 per kilogram) in 1981 to $0.88 per pound ($1.94 per kilogram) in 1992.[7] The average weight of a Kellet's whelk in a fishery is 150 g.[11]

The food-finding ability of Kelletia kelletii by distance chemoreception has, on more than one occasion, been a nuisance to spiny lobster fishermen in some areas off southern California.[5] These fishermen usually bait traps with dead fish in order to attract the spiny lobster Panulirus interruptus.[5] Many times, however, a single lobster trap is found to contain dozens of Kelletia kelletii which were attracted to the trap by the "scent" of the bait.[5]

Since 1979, 89 percent of all harvested Kellet's whelks have been taken incidentally in lobster and crab traps when they enter to prey on bait or on injured crustaceans.[7] The other method of take is diving.[7] Commercial divers are required to have a commercial fishing license, and may only take whelks that are further than 1,000 feet (300 meters) beyond the low tide mark, as the take of any snails is prohibited in the tidal invertebrate zone (Title 14, CCR, §123).[7] Recreational take of Kellet's whelk by hand is allowed (Title 14, CCR, §29.05) outside of the 1,000-foot (300-meter) tidal invertebrate zone.[7] Except where prohibited in state marine reserves, state marine parks and state marine conservation areas the bag limit is 35 animals, with no closed season.[7] Ninety-nine percent of Kellet's whelks are used for human consumption., and are mainly sold in live fish markets.[7]

The fact that this species is slow-growing, slow to mature, and makes seasonal aggregations for mating, all mean that this recently targeted fishery species is vulnerable to overexploitation.[6] The Kelletia kelletii fishery has experienced a rapid increase in landings since 1995, prompting the California Department of Fish and Game to designate the species as an "emerging fishery" (California Regulatory Notice Register 2011 43-Z).[6] New commercial and recreational fishing regulations for Kellet's whelk were established in 2012.[12]

References

This article incorporates CC-BY-3.0 text from the reference[6] and public domain text from references[5][7][8]

  1. ^ Arnold R. (1903). "The paleontology and stratigraphy of the marine Pliocene and Pleistocene of San Pedro, California". Memoirs of the California Academy of Sciences 3: 1-420. page 229, plate 4, figure 5.
  2. ^ a b c d Forbes E. (1850). "On the species of Mollusca collected during the Surveying Voyages of the Herald and Pandora, by Capt. Kellett, R.N., C.B. and Lieut. Wood, R.N.". Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 18: 270-274. plate IX, figure 10.
  3. ^ Vaux, Felix; Hills, Simon F.K.; Marshall, Bruce A.; Trewick, Steven A.; Morgan-Richards, Mary (2017). "A phylogeny of Southern Hemisphere whelks (Gastropoda: Buccinulidae) and concordance with the fossil record". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 114: 367–381. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2017.06.018. PMID 28669812.
  4. ^ a b Vaux, Felix; Crampton, James S.C.; Trewick, Steven A.; Marshall, Bruce A.; Beu, Alan G.; Hills, Simon F.K.; Morgan-Richards, Mary (2018). "Evolutionary lineages of marine snails identified using molecular phylogenetics and geometric morphometric analysis of shells". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 127 (October 2018): 626–637. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2018.06.009. PMID 29913310.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z Rosenthal R. J. (1971). "Trophic interaction between the sea star Pisaster giganteus and the gastropod Kelletia kelletii". Fishery Bulletin, U.S. Department of Commerce, 69(3): 669-679.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Romero, M. R.; Walker, K. M.; Cortez, C. J.; Sanchez, Y.; Nelson, K. J.; Ortega, D. C.; Smick, S. L.; Hoese, W. J.; Zacherl, D. C. (2012). "Larval Diel Vertical Migration of the Marine Gastropod Kelletia kelletii (Forbes, 1850)". Journal of Marine Biology. 2012: 1–9. doi:10.1155/2012/386575.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah Hubbard K. (2008). "2 Kellet’s Whelk, Kelletia kelletii". Status of the Fisheries Report 2008 section 2: 1-6. PDF.
  8. ^ a b c d Rosenthal R. J., Clarke W. D. & Dayton P. K. (1974). "Ecology and natural history of a stand of giant kelp, Macrocystis pyrifera, off Del Mar California". Fishery Bulletin, U.S. Department of Commerce, 72(3): 670-684.
  9. ^ Vendetti J. E. (2007). "Protoconch comparative morphology in extinct and extant buccinid gastropods and its utility in paleobiogeography, systematics, and inferring larval mode". The Malacologist 48: HTM.
  10. ^ Rosenthal, R. J. (1970). "Observations on the reproductive biology of the Kellet's whelk, Kelletia kelletii (Gastropoda: Neptuneidae)". The Veliger. 12 (3): 319–324.
  11. ^ a b California Department of Fish and Game (2011) "Review of selected California fisheries for 2010: coastal pelagic finfish, market squid, ocean salmon, groundfish, highly migratory species, dungeness crab, spiny lobster, spot prawn, kellet's whelk, and white seabass". Fisheries Review CalCOFI Rep. 52: 35 pp. PDF.
  12. ^ Kellet's Whelk Fishing Regulations. Invertebrate Management Project, California Department of Fish and Wildlife, accessed 9 February 2013.
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Wikipedia authors and editors
original
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wikipedia EN

Kelletia kelletii: Brief Summary ( Inglês )

fornecido por wikipedia EN

Kelletia kelletii, common name Kellet's whelk, is a species of large sea snail, a whelk, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Buccinidae, the true whelks.

Kelletia kelletii is a large scavenger and predatory sea snail commonly found in subtidal kelp forests, rocky reefs, and cobble-sand interfaces at depths ranging from 2 to 70 m from Isla Asunción, Baja California, Mexico to Monterey, California, USA. It aggregates seasonally for mating and is slow-growing. It is also a recently targeted fishery species and a subject of a rapidly expanding fishery.

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direitos autorais
Wikipedia authors and editors
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia EN

Kelletia kelletii ( Espanhol; Castelhano )

fornecido por wikipedia ES

Kelletia kelletii es una especie de caracol marino de la familia Buccinidae.

El Kelletia kelletii es un gran caracol marino carroñero y depredador que suele encontrarse en bosques de algas intermareales, arrecifes rocosos y cantos rodados de arena de la Isla Asunción en la Baja California, en México Monterrey, California, USA.

 src=
A shell of Kelletia kelletii.
 title=
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Kelletia kelletii ( Neerlandês; Flamengo )

fornecido por wikipedia NL

Kelletia kelletii is een slakkensoort uit de familie van de Buccinidae.[1] De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1850 door Forbes.

 src=
Kelletia kelletii.
Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
  1. Fraussen, K. (2012). Kelletia kelletii (Forbes, 1850). Geraadpleegd via: World Register of Marine Species op http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=491054
Geplaatst op:
09-03-2013
Dit artikel is een beginnetje over biologie. U wordt uitgenodigd om op bewerken te klikken om uw kennis aan dit artikel toe te voegen. Beginnetje
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