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Taxonomic History ( Inglês )

fornecido por Antweb
Formica aquilonia Yarrow, 1955a PDF: 31 (diagnosis in key), figs. 21, 25, 29, 33, 37, 41, 45, 49, 53, 57, 61, 65 (w.q.m.) GREAT BRITAIN. Palearctic. AntCat AntWiki HOL

Taxonomic history

Synonymous with Formica schmidti Ruzsky, 1920 PDF: 78 [Junior primary homonym of Formica schmidtii Heer, 1849.]: Dlussky, 1967a PDF: 90 and hence first available replacement name.See also: Kutter, 1977c: 271; Kupyanskaya, 1986a PDF: 98; Gösswald, 1989: 19; Kupyanskaya, 1990a: 197; Atanassov & Dlussky, 1992: 276.
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Biology ( Inglês )

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Wood ants are social insects that live in very large colonies. Most of the individuals found in these colonies are non-reproductive females known as workers. These individuals carry out the foraging and brood-care duties for the colony. The queen is the only member of the colony to lay eggs (2). At the beginning of spring each year, unfertilised eggs are produced, and these develop into males. Other eggs that are produced at this time and are fed more become queens, while others develop as workers. During June, usually on a warm humid day, huge numbers of winged reproductive males and queens leave the nest en masse and engage in a mating flight known as the 'nuptial flight'. After mating the male soon dies, the queen sheds her wings, and searches for a suitable location to establish a new nest (6). She will not mate again during her lifetime, but stores sufficient sperm inside her body to fertilise all her future eggs (2). Scottish wood ants create very large dome-shaped nests that are 'thatched' with pine needles. These nests typically have one elongated side, to maximise the sunlight falling on the colony (2). Ants are known to have very close mutually beneficial associations with many other types of organism (8), and it has recently been discovered that the nests of the Scottish wood ant contain many earthworms (Dendrodrilus rubidus). It is thought that the earthworms benefit from this association as the nests provide a relatively warm, constant habitat, and the ants benefit in turn as the earthworms keep the nest free of damaging moulds and fungi (9). Wood ants are carnivorous, and workers carry a wide variety of prey back to the nest along trails that extend throughout the territory. The workers also tend aphids for the sugary 'honeydew' that they exude from the anus; the aphids gain protection from predators in return for this service (6). Studies in Scotland have shown that each F. aquilonia worker brings an average of one and a half times its own weight in food back to the nest daily. Five to six trackways leave each nest and lead to the trees where most of the foraging takes place. Many workers may leave the trackways to forage in the surrounding area at random (7).
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Conservation ( Inglês )

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The International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has identified this species as Lower Risk- near threatened. It is listed as a priority species under the UK Biodiversity Action Plan (UK BAP). The Species Action Plan for this ant aims to maintain all current populations and the present range of the species in the UK (4). Research into the habitat requirements and ecology of this species is underway; it is hoped that the results of these studies will guide successful conservation action in the future (2). Wood ants are known to be 'key-stone' species in the ecosystems of which they are a part, playing a vital role in maintaining the delicate balance between organisms in the ecosystem. When wood ants are lost from an area, this delicate balance is disrupted. For example many species that the ants prey upon in turn feed on the needles of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris), so the loss of the wood ant may have disastrous results. Their conservation is therefore of the utmost importance, not only for the species itself, but for the entire Caledonian Forest they inhabit and all the species relying on that habitat (2).
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Description ( Inglês )

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All wood ants are red and black in colour and are the largest ants in Britain. Examination of the head allows species to be identified (2). The Scottish wood ant, Formica aquilonia has a fringe of hairs on the rear of the head that does not extend down to the eyes (6). The thorax is reddish-brown and is paler than the head; it has fewer, shorter hairs than the other British wood ants (7).
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Habitat ( Inglês )

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This wood ant can thrive in undisturbed pine forest and old birch woodland and has also been recorded on the edges of plantations (4)(2).
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Range ( Inglês )

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The Scottish wood ant is found throughout the Scottish Highlands (2), reaching as far north as Ross and Sutherland. It reaches west and south to the West Highlands and Argyll. It has been found on the Islands of Skye and Arran and there is a single strong population in Armagh, Northern Ireland (4). Elsewhere, this ant occurs in Europe from the Alps to Siberia and from Arctic Norway in the north as far south as northern Italy (3).
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Status ( Inglês )

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Classified as Nationally Scarce in Britain (4) and as globally Lower Risk- near threatened (LR/nt) by the IUCN Red List 2003 (5).
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Threats ( Inglês )

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The main threats facing this species in Britain include the widespread loss of undisturbed native pine woodland and unsuitable management of remaining woodland (4). Modern forestry techniques, including under planting with non-native tree species are detrimental to this and other species of wood ant, as they cause too much shade for the ants to prosper. Disturbance, the use of insecticides and overgrazing are also problems (2).
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Associations ( Inglês )

fornecido por BioImages, the virtual fieldguide, UK
In Great Britain and/or Ireland:
Animal / honeydew feeder
adult of Formica aquilonia feeds on honeydew Aphidoidea
Other: major host/prey

Animal / parasite
Formica lugubris parasitises nest of Formica aquilonia

Animal / guest
Formicoxenus nitidulus is a guest in nest of Formica aquilonia

Animal / predator
Tetrao urogallus is predator of adult of Formica aquilonia

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Diagnostic Description ( Inglês )

fornecido por Plazi (legacy text)

Records

(Map 63): Western Predbalkan: Belogradchik ( Atanassov and Dlusskij 1992 ); Rila Mt.: Zavrachitsa hut ( Wesselinoff 1973 ).

Conservation Status:

Lower Risk/near threatened (IUCN).

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citação bibliográfica
Lapeva-Gjonova, Albena, 2010, Catalogue of the ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) of Bulgaria, ZooKeys, pp. 1-124, vol. 62
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Lapeva-Gjonova, Albena
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Schwachbeborstete Gebirgswaldameise ( Alemão )

fornecido por wikipedia DE

Die Schwachbeborstete Gebirgswaldameise (Formica aquilonia) gehört zur Gattung der Waldameisen (Formica) in der Unterfamilie der Schuppenameisen (Formicinae).

Merkmale

Die Gaster und die Oberseite des Kopfes sind schwarz. Wangen und Kopfschild sowie die Beine sind schwarzbraun, wohingegen der restliche Körper eine überwiegend rote Färbung aufweist. Das Hinterhaupt trägt an den Ecken deutlich anstehende Haare und die Kopfunterseite ist mit einzelnen abstehenden Haaren besetzt. Das weitgehend kahle Mesosoma zeigt höchstens vereinzelt Haare. Die zwei schwarzen Flecken auf dem Pronotum und Mesonotum erscheinen deutlich, verschieden groß und undeutlich umgrenzt. Die Arbeiterinnen werden 4 bis 8,5 Millimeter lang.[1] Das Stielchenglied (Petiolus) ist mit kürzeren Haaren besetzt, als bei der Starkbeborsteten Gebirgswaldameise (Formica lugubris), oder bei der Schweizer Gebirgswaldameise (Formica paralugubris) mit denen diese Art sehr leicht zu verwechseln ist.

Verbreitung und Lebensraum

Das Verbreitungsgebiet erstreckt sich über die boreale Zone von Schottland bis Ostsibirien. In Europa kommt die Schwachbeborstete Gebirgswaldameise auch südlicher in Gebirgen vor, wie im Böhmerwald, Blansker Wald, Gratzener Bergland, den Karpaten und in den Ostalpen bis 2.400 Metern Höhe. Sie besiedelt überwiegend montane (Fichten)-Buchen-Tannen-Mischwälder und subalpine Waldtypen, dringt dabei aber an der Baumgrenze weniger in den Krummholzgürtel vor, als die andere Gebirgsameise Formica lugubris.[2]

Lebensweise

Diese Ameisenart bildet hochgradig polygyne Staaten, die oft viele Nester umfassen. Sie zeigt geringe Aggressivität gegenüber koloniefremden Vertretern derselben Art. Die Geschlechtstiere schwärmen zwischen Ende Mai und Ende Juli. Die Begattung findet im oder auf dem Nest statt, auch externe Paarungsplätze werden angeflogen. Die Jungköniginnen werden vom Mutternest oder anderen arteigenen Nestern adoptiert. Monogyne Kolonien sind bisher nicht bekannt, wie auch Neugründungen bei Sklavenameisen nicht nachgewiesen sind, wobei man allerdings davon ausgeht, dass beides existiert. Die Hügel sind deutlich kleiner als bei der Kahlrückigen Waldameise (Formica polyctena). Die größten bekannten Nester in Finnland sind 210 Zentimeter hoch und haben eine Ausdehnung von 280 Zentimetern.[2]

Einzelnachweise

  1. Dieter Otto: Die Roten Waldameisen. (3., überarbeitete und erweiterte Auflage.) Westarp Wissenschaften 2005; 192 Seiten, 77 Abb., ISBN 3-89432718-9
  2. a b Bernhard Seifert: Die Ameisen Mittel- und Nordeuropas. lutra Verlags- und Vertriebsgesellschaft, Görlitz/Tauer 2007, ISBN 978-3-936412-03-1
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Schwachbeborstete Gebirgswaldameise: Brief Summary ( Alemão )

fornecido por wikipedia DE

Die Schwachbeborstete Gebirgswaldameise (Formica aquilonia) gehört zur Gattung der Waldameisen (Formica) in der Unterfamilie der Schuppenameisen (Formicinae).

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Formica aquilonia ( Inglês )

fornecido por wikipedia EN

Formica aquilonia, also called the Scottish wood ant, is a species of wood ant of the genus Formica which are widely distributed in Europe and Asia, occurring from Scandinavia in the north to Bulgaria and Italy in the south, and from the UK eastwards through France and Germany to Russia, while they are also found in the coastal areas of the Sea of Okhotsk in eastern Siberia. They live mainly in coniferous forests but they do also occur in some deciduous woodlands.[1][2]

Description

The Scottish wood ant has a reddish-brown head and thorax and a black abdomen. At the back of the head is a short fringe of hairs but this does not extend as far as the eyes. This ant has fewer, shorter hairs than are present in the other wood ant species found in Britain.[1]

Distribution

The Scottish wood ant has a wide distribution across northern Europe, its range extending from Scandinavia to Siberia. It also occurs in the cooler parts of mountainous regions of central Europe and Asia. In Scotland it occurs in the pinewoods of the Caledonian Forest and throughout the Highlands, including the Isle of Skye off the west coast. It is also known from two locations in County Armagh in Northern Ireland. It is generally found in coniferous forests, including clearings and rides, and in suitable plantations.[2]

Behaviour

This species forms very large mound nests. During the day, columns of ants stream out of these, ascending trees and linking the nests to others in the vicinity. Foraging ants collect honeydew from plant-sucking insects among the tree foliage and bring it back to the nest. They will also collect living or dead invertebrates to supplement this. Winged reproductives are produced in summer, and new nests are also founded by fission from a parent nest, which may contain a number of queens.[2]

Conservation status

Formica aquilonia is included on the International Union for Conservation of Nature's (IUCN) Red List of threatened species, where they are classified as Lower Risk. Because of concerns about their future here, the species is the subject of Species Action Plans, as part of the UK's strategy for protecting biological diversity. Because of the rarity of this ant in Northern Ireland, it is listed as a Northern Ireland Priority Species.[3]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b "Scottish wood ant (Formica aquilonia)". ARKive. Archived from the original on 5 October 2009.
  2. ^ a b c "Formica aquilonia Yarrow, 1955". Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society.
  3. ^ Allen & Mellon Environmental Ltd. "Formica aquilonia – Scottish wood ant". Northern Ireland Priority Species. Retrieved 7 March 2020.

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Formica aquilonia: Brief Summary ( Inglês )

fornecido por wikipedia EN

Formica aquilonia, also called the Scottish wood ant, is a species of wood ant of the genus Formica which are widely distributed in Europe and Asia, occurring from Scandinavia in the north to Bulgaria and Italy in the south, and from the UK eastwards through France and Germany to Russia, while they are also found in the coastal areas of the Sea of Okhotsk in eastern Siberia. They live mainly in coniferous forests but they do also occur in some deciduous woodlands.

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Laanekuklane ( Estônio )

fornecido por wikipedia ET

Laanekuklane (Formica aquilonia) on sipelglaste sugukonda kuklase perekonda kuuluv putukas.

Laanekuklased elavad Euroopas Skandinaaviast põhjas kuni Itaalia ja Bulgaariani lõunas ning Suurbritanniast läänes Venemaani idas, kuid neid on kohatud ka Ohhoota mere põhjakaldal Siberis. Nad elavad peamiselt okasmetsades, aga vahel ka segametsades. Euroopa mägedes elavad nad kuni 2400 meetri kõrguseni, peaaegu metsapiirini.

Laanekuklase pesade kõrgus ulatub kahe meetrini ja põhja läbimõõt kuni nelja meetrini. Kõige suuremad pesad asuvad Soomes. Laanekuklaste üksikud pesad moodustavad kolooniaid, mis omakorda kuuluvad föderatsiooni. Neid peetakse üheks kõige arenenuma sotsiaalse võrgustikuga loomarühmaks.

Laanekuklasel on must ümar tagakeha, punakas keha esiosa ja ülipeen talje. Nad elavad kolooniatena ja pesas elab kuni 100 000 putukat. Pesad on polügüünsed ehk teisisõnu elab ühes sipelgapesas mitu emast, kelle järglased ühes pesas koos elavad. Sissetungijate vastu on laanekuklased väga agressiivsed. Töösipelgas on 4–8,5 mm pikk.

Mesinike jaoks kujutavad laanekuklased kahjureid, kes võivad ööpäeva jooksul tarust ära viia kuni kilo mett. Sipelgate peletamiseks on kasutatud tomatilehti, rabarberit, mõnel pool ka kaneelipulbrit.

Kaitsealad

 src=
Laanekuklaste pesa Kiidjärve metskonnas

Laanekuklane on Eestis ja ka Rahvusvahelise Looduse ja Loodusvarade Kaitse Ühingu (IUCN) poolt kaitse alla võetud.

Laanekuklane elab Eestis peamiselt Ida-Eestis, kus moodustab kõige suuremaid asurkondi. Alatskivi, Kiidjärve ja Räpina metskondades asuvates Eesti suurimates asurkondades asub igas umbes 2000 pesakuhilat. Veidi väiksemad asurkonnad on Kunda metskonnas, Lahemaa ja Karula rahvusparkides. Põlvamaal Põlva vallas asub Akste looduskaitseala, mis moodustatud 1977. aastal eesmärgiga kaitsta laanekuklase elupaiku. Tartu maakonnasl Vara ja Alatskivi valla territooriumil asuv 1610 hektari suurune Padakõrve kaitseala loodi 1964. aastal ja see oli tollal kogu NSV Liidu esimene sipelgakaitseala.

Kirjandus

Vaata ka

Välislingid

Laanekuklane andmebaasis eElurikkus Muuda Vikiandmetes

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Laanekuklane: Brief Summary ( Estônio )

fornecido por wikipedia ET

Laanekuklane (Formica aquilonia) on sipelglaste sugukonda kuklase perekonda kuuluv putukas.

Laanekuklased elavad Euroopas Skandinaaviast põhjas kuni Itaalia ja Bulgaariani lõunas ning Suurbritanniast läänes Venemaani idas, kuid neid on kohatud ka Ohhoota mere põhjakaldal Siberis. Nad elavad peamiselt okasmetsades, aga vahel ka segametsades. Euroopa mägedes elavad nad kuni 2400 meetri kõrguseni, peaaegu metsapiirini.

Laanekuklase pesade kõrgus ulatub kahe meetrini ja põhja läbimõõt kuni nelja meetrini. Kõige suuremad pesad asuvad Soomes. Laanekuklaste üksikud pesad moodustavad kolooniaid, mis omakorda kuuluvad föderatsiooni. Neid peetakse üheks kõige arenenuma sotsiaalse võrgustikuga loomarühmaks.

Laanekuklasel on must ümar tagakeha, punakas keha esiosa ja ülipeen talje. Nad elavad kolooniatena ja pesas elab kuni 100 000 putukat. Pesad on polügüünsed ehk teisisõnu elab ühes sipelgapesas mitu emast, kelle järglased ühes pesas koos elavad. Sissetungijate vastu on laanekuklased väga agressiivsed. Töösipelgas on 4–8,5 mm pikk.

Mesinike jaoks kujutavad laanekuklased kahjureid, kes võivad ööpäeva jooksul tarust ära viia kuni kilo mett. Sipelgate peletamiseks on kasutatud tomatilehti, rabarberit, mõnel pool ka kaneelipulbrit.

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Tupsukekomuurahainen ( Finlandês )

fornecido por wikipedia FI

Tupsukekomuurahainen (Formica aquilonia) on Suomen ja Fennoskandian yleisin kekomuurahainen.[2][3] IUCN luokittelee lajin maailmanlaajuisesti silmälläpidettäväksi.[1] Tupsukekomuurahainen on Suomessa elinvoimainen.[4]

Tupsukekomuurahainen on ulkonäöltään ja elintavoiltaan samantyyppinen kuin monet muutkin kekomuurahaislajit.[5]

Koko ja ulkonäkö

Skandinaviassa työläisen pituus on 4-8,5 mm, kuningattaren ja kuhnurin pituus 8-10mm. [6] Lajin työläiset ovat muiden kekomuurahaisten tapaan väritykseltään puna-ruskeita. Selkäpuoli on vaaleampi kuin osittain tumma pää ja perä. [7] Kuningattaret ovat puna-ruskeita ja kuhnurit mustia. [5]

Lajin erottaminen lähilajeista kaljukekomuurahainen, punakekomuurahainen ja karvakekomuurahainen perustuu lähinnä keskimääräiseen karvojen määrään selässä ja pään takareunassa. [6][8] Tupsukekomuurahainen on yksi vähiten aggressiivinen kekomuurahaislaji. [8]

Levinneisyys

Tupsukekomuurahainen pesii koko Suomessa. Lajin maailmanlaajuinen levinneisyys ulottuu Fennoskandiasta Siperian itäosiin ja Euroopassa etelässä Skotlannin pohjois-osiin ja Alpeille saakka. [7]

Elinympäristö ja elintavat

Laji esiintyy enimmäkseen havumetsissä, mutta myös puisilla soilla ja alppiniityillä. Laji viihtyy metsän reunalla, jossa aurinko pääsee lämmittämään pesää. [7] [6] Useita kekoja voi sijaita samassa metsässä lähekkäin. [6] Ne muodostavat usein yhteisön, joiden suurissa keoissa voi olla satoja munivia kuningattaria. Suuret pesät voivat olla yli kaksi metriä korkeita. [5] Suomessa pesien keskikorkeus on noin puoli metriä.[2]

Kuten muutkin kekomuurahaiset, tupsukekomuurahaiset lypsävät kirvojen mesikastetta eli makeaa ulostetta ja suojelevat karjaansa tehokkaasti. Lisäksi ne käyttävät ravintonaan keräämiään hyönteisiä. [5]

Kuvagalleria

Lähteet

  1. a b Social Insects Specialist Group: Formica aquilonia IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2017.1. 1996. International Union for Conservation of Nature, IUCN, Iucnredlist.org. Viitattu 7.6.2017. (englanniksi)
  2. a b Distribution of mound-building ant species (Formica spp., Hymenoptera) in Finland: preliminary results of a national survey (PDF), Pekka Punttila & Jouni Kilpeläinen, 2009, Ann. Zool. Fennici 46:1-15. Viitattu 2017-06-01.
  3. The Formicidae (Hymenoptera) of Fennoscandia and Denmark (PDF), C.A. Collingwood, 1979, Fauna Entomologica Scandinavica, Volume 8, 1979. Viitattu 2017-06-01.
  4. Tupsukekomuurahainen (Formica aquilonia) laji.fi. Suomen Lajitietokeskus. Viitattu 6.6.2017.
  5. a b c d Jouni Sorvari: Viikon laji: Tupsukekomuurahainen www.suomenluonto.fi. 26.3.2018. Suomen Luonto. Viitattu 27.4.2018.
  6. a b c d Steklar:Myror-getingar, s. 181. Sarja Nationalnyckeln till Sveriges flora och fauna. Uppsala: ArtDataBanken Sveriges lantbruksuniversitetet, 2012. ISBN 978-91-88506-50-4. (ruotsiksi)
  7. a b c Edited by Henni A. Stockan and Elva J.H Robinson: Wood Ant Ecology and Conservation. Cambridge University Press, 2016. ISBN 9781107261402. Teoksen verkkoversio (viitattu 27.4.2018). (englanniksi)
  8. a b Species: Formica aquilonia AntWeb. Viitattu 27.4.2018. (englanniksi)

Aiheesta muualla

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Tupsukekomuurahainen: Brief Summary ( Finlandês )

fornecido por wikipedia FI

Tupsukekomuurahainen (Formica aquilonia) on Suomen ja Fennoskandian yleisin kekomuurahainen. IUCN luokittelee lajin maailmanlaajuisesti silmälläpidettäväksi. Tupsukekomuurahainen on Suomessa elinvoimainen.

Tupsukekomuurahainen on ulkonäöltään ja elintavoiltaan samantyyppinen kuin monet muutkin kekomuurahaislajit.

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Formica aquilonia ( Francês )

fornecido por wikipedia FR

Formica aquilonia est une espèce de fourmis du genre Formica et du sous-genre Formica, très courante en Europe et en Asie, que l'on rencontre jusqu'en Scandinavie au nord, en Bulgarie et en Italie au sud, et du Royaume-Uni à l'ouest jusqu'en Russie à l'est, que l'on trouve même sur les côtes de la mer d'Okhotsk à l'est de la Sibérie. Elles vivent principalement dans les forêts de conifères, mais on peut également les rencontrer dans des forêts caducifoliées.

Distribution en Écosse

Formica aquilonia se rencontre dans les forêts de pins de la forêt calédonienne dans les Highlands. On la trouve également au large de la côte ouest du pays dans l'Inverpolly National Nature Reserve sur l'île de Skye.

Statut

Formica aquilonia est présente sur la liste rouge de l'Union internationale pour la conservation de la nature des espèces menacées où elle est classée comme à risques mineurs.

Première publication

(en) [PDF] IHH Yarrow, The British ants allied to Formica rufa L. (Hym., Formicidae), Transactions of the British Entomological Society 12: 1-48. (1955) Texte complet

Voir aussi

Références taxinomiques

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Formica aquilonia: Brief Summary ( Francês )

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Formica aquilonia est une espèce de fourmis du genre Formica et du sous-genre Formica, très courante en Europe et en Asie, que l'on rencontre jusqu'en Scandinavie au nord, en Bulgarie et en Italie au sud, et du Royaume-Uni à l'ouest jusqu'en Russie à l'est, que l'on trouve même sur les côtes de la mer d'Okhotsk à l'est de la Sibérie. Elles vivent principalement dans les forêts de conifères, mais on peut également les rencontrer dans des forêts caducifoliées.

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Formica aquilonia ( Italiano )

fornecido por wikipedia IT

Formica aquilonia (Yarrow, 1955) è una formica appartenente alla sottofamiglia Formicinae, diffusa in Europa.[1]

Distribuzione e habitat

Specie strettamente alpina presente dalle Alpi Orientali alla Siberia e dal Nord Italia alla Norvegia del Nord.[2]

Note

  1. ^ Formica aquilonia, in Ant Web. URL consultato il 23 luglio 2013.
  2. ^ Collingwood, C. A., The Formicidae (Hymenoptera) of Fennoscandia and Denmark, in Fauna Entomol. Scand., vol. 8, 1979, pp. 1-174.

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Formica aquilonia: Brief Summary ( Italiano )

fornecido por wikipedia IT

Formica aquilonia (Yarrow, 1955) è una formica appartenente alla sottofamiglia Formicinae, diffusa in Europa.

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Formica aquilonia ( Neerlandês; Flamengo )

fornecido por wikipedia NL

Insecten

Formica aquilonia is een mierensoort uit de onderfamilie van de schubmieren (Formicinae).[1][2] De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1955 door Yarrow.

Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
Geplaatst op:
13-04-2013
Dit artikel is een beginnetje over biologie. U wordt uitgenodigd om op bewerken te klikken om uw kennis aan dit artikel toe te voegen. Beginnetje
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Mrówka północna ( Polonês )

fornecido por wikipedia POL
Commons Multimedia w Wikimedia Commons

Mrówka północna (Formica aquilonia) – gatunek mrówki z podrodziny Formicinae.

Gatunek transpalearktyczny[3] o rozsiedleniu borealno-górskim[4]. W Polsce znany tylko z 3 stanowisk: Gór Bystrzyckich, Puszczy Augustowskiej i Puszczy Kampinoskiej. W Polskiej czerwonej księdze zwierząt umieszczony jako narażony na wyginięcie (VU). W Polsce jest jednym z sześciu gatunków rudych mrówek leśnych występujących w lasach[4] i objęty jest częściową ochroną gatunkową[5][6]. Przyczyną zaniku tych mrówek jest intensywna gospodarka leśna[4].

Odwłok i głowa są ciemnobrązowe, w środkowej części brunatnoczerwona. Robotnice mają wielkość od 5 do 10 mm, natomiast królowa do 12 mm.

Zamieszkuje lasy iglaste. Buduje gniazda w postaci wysokich kopców z patyczków i igliwia. W gnieździe może znajdować się kilkaset tysięcy osobników i kilka tysięcy królowych (kolonia poliginiczna)[4][3].

Zobacz też

Przypisy

  1. Formica aquilonia, w: Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ang.).
  2. Formica aquilonia. Czerwona księga gatunków zagrożonych (IUCN Red List of Threatened Species) (ang.).
  3. a b Radchenko A., Czechowska W., Czechowski W.: Klucze do oznaczania owadów Polski. Część XXIV Błonkówki – Hymenoptera Zeszyt 63 Mrówki – Formicidae. Toruń: Polskie Towarzystwo Entomologiczne, 2004.
  4. a b c d Wojciech Czechowski, Wiesława Czechowska & Aleksandr Radchenko: Formica aquilonia Yarrow, 1955 Mrówka północna. W: Polska czerwona księga zwierząt. Bezkręgowce [on-line]. 2004-2009. [dostęp 2017-07-01].
  5. Dz.U. 2014 poz. 1348 Rozporządzenie Ministra Środowiska z dnia 6 października 2014 r. w sprawie ochrony gatunkowej zwierząt. [dostęp 2014-10-08].
  6. Rozporządzenie Ministra Środowiska z dnia 16 grudnia 2016 r. w sprawie ochrony gatunkowej zwierząt (Dz. U. z 2016 r., poz. 2183). [dostęp 2017-01-16].
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Mrówka północna: Brief Summary ( Polonês )

fornecido por wikipedia POL

Mrówka północna (Formica aquilonia) – gatunek mrówki z podrodziny Formicinae.

Gatunek transpalearktyczny o rozsiedleniu borealno-górskim. W Polsce znany tylko z 3 stanowisk: Gór Bystrzyckich, Puszczy Augustowskiej i Puszczy Kampinoskiej. W Polskiej czerwonej księdze zwierząt umieszczony jako narażony na wyginięcie (VU). W Polsce jest jednym z sześciu gatunków rudych mrówek leśnych występujących w lasach i objęty jest częściową ochroną gatunkową. Przyczyną zaniku tych mrówek jest intensywna gospodarka leśna.

Odwłok i głowa są ciemnobrązowe, w środkowej części brunatnoczerwona. Robotnice mają wielkość od 5 do 10 mm, natomiast królowa do 12 mm.

Zamieszkuje lasy iglaste. Buduje gniazda w postaci wysokich kopców z patyczków i igliwia. W gnieździe może znajdować się kilkaset tysięcy osobników i kilka tysięcy królowych (kolonia poliginiczna).

 src=

Robotnice

 src=

Gniazdo

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Formica aquilonia ( Português )

fornecido por wikipedia PT

Formica aquilonia é uma espécie de formiga do gênero Formica, pertencente à subfamília Formicinae.[1] São amplamente distribuídas na Europa e na Ásia.

Referências

  1. «Formica aquilonia». Sistema Global de Informação sobre Biodiversidade (em inglês). Consultado em 24 de agosto de 2019

 title=
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Formica aquilonia: Brief Summary ( Português )

fornecido por wikipedia PT

Formica aquilonia é uma espécie de formiga do gênero Formica, pertencente à subfamília Formicinae. São amplamente distribuídas na Europa e na Ásia.

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Formica aquilonia ( Vietnamita )

fornecido por wikipedia VI

Formica aquilonia là một loài côn trùng trong họ Formicidae thuộc bộ Hymenoptera. Loài này được Yarrow miêu tả năm 1955.[1]

Chú thích

Tham khảo


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Formica aquilonia: Brief Summary ( Vietnamita )

fornecido por wikipedia VI

Formica aquilonia là một loài côn trùng trong họ Formicidae thuộc bộ Hymenoptera. Loài này được Yarrow miêu tả năm 1955.

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Северный лесной муравей ( Russo )

fornecido por wikipedia русскую Википедию
Подцарство: Эуметазои
Без ранга: Первичноротые
Без ранга: Линяющие
Без ранга: Panarthropoda
Надкласс: Шестиногие
Класс: Насекомые
Надотряд: Hymenopterida
Инфраотряд: Жалящие
Надсемейство: Formicoidea
Семейство: Муравьи
Подсемейство: Формицины
Триба: Formicini
Род: Формика
Вид: Северный лесной муравей
Международное научное название

Formica aquilonia Yarrow, 1955

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Изображения
на Викискладе
ITIS 576684NCBI 258703EOL 463814 Охранный статус
Status iucn3.1 NT ru.svg
Близки к уязвимому положению
IUCN 3.1 Near Threatened: 8642

Северный лесной муравей (англ. Formica aquilonia) — вид средних по размеру муравьёв рода Formica из подсемейства Formicinae (Formicidae). Имеют длину около 7—14 мм.

Распространение

Леса умеренного пояса северной Евразии, где хорошо заметны по своим крупным муравейникам из хвоинок и веточек. Вид обнаружен от Скандинавии на севере до Болгарии и Италии на юге, от Франции и Англии на западе и до Дальнего Востока России. При этом наблюдается чёткая фенотипическая дифференциация популяций по окраске рабочих в Фенноскандии и на северо-западе России, коррелирующая с послеледниковым расселением вида на данной территории[1].

Северный лесной муравей обнаружен на северо-востоке Азии на Охотоморском побережье России, где они зимуют в грунте на глубине от 40 см до 2 метров. Температуры максимального переохлаждения F. aquilonia не ниже 20,2 ± 0,5°С (у обитающего там же близкого вида Formica lugubris не ниже 19,6 ± 0,4°С). При этом почти половина муравьёв F. aquilonia гибнет в течение суток при температуре –13° (у F. lugubris половина особей гибнет при температуре –16°С)[2].

Генетика

Диплоидный набор хромосом 2n = 52.[3]

Паразитоиды

Среди паразитических наездников, отмеченных у северного лесного муравья следующие виды из семейства Eulophidae[4]:

Классификация

Данный вид относится к группе рыжих лесных муравьёв, к которой также относят малого (Formica polyctena), рыжего (Formica rufa) и волосистого (Formica lugubris) лесных муравьёв. В Северной Америке к этой группе относят виды Formica integroides, Formica obscuripes, Formica obscuriventris, Formica ravida.

Красная книга

Северный лесной муравей включён в «Красный список угрожаемых видов» (англ. IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals) международной Красной книги Всемирного союза охраны природы (The World Conservation Union, IUCN) в статусе Lower Risk/near threatened (таксоны, близкие к переходу в группу угрожаемых). Также включены в некоторые региональные Красные книги и списки редких животных, например в Красную книгу Москвы[5], в Красную книгу Тамбовской области (2000, 2012)[6], Челябинской области[7].

См. также

Примечания

  1. Гилёв А.В., Мерщиев А.В., Малышев Д.С. (2015). Интерпретация послеледникового расселения Formica aquilonia (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) в Фенноскандии по изменчивости окраски рабочих особей (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). — Зоологический журнал. Том: 94. Номер: 10. С.: 1119-1124
  2. Берман Д. И., Жигульская З. А., 2012. Преадаптивность муравьев Formica aquilonia и Formica lugubris (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) к низким температурам зимовки на северо-востоке Азии// Зоологический журнал. Т. 91. № 6. С. 675—683. Издательство: Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Академический научно-издательский, производственно-полиграфический и книгораспространительский центр «Наука» (Москва). ISSN: 0044-5134
  3. Lorite P.& Palomeque T. Karyotype evolution in ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with a review of the known ant chromosome numbers. — Myrmecologische Nachrichten (Wien). — 2010. Volume 13, Pages 89-102. (Проверено 12 декабря 2010)
  4. Noyes, J. S. Associate: Formica aquilonia (англ.). Universal Chalcidoidea Database. World Wide Web electronic publication.. www.nhm.ac.uk/chalcidoids (Version as of June 2012). Проверено 23 июня 2013. Архивировано 24 июня 2013 года.
  5. ПОСТАНОВЛЕНИЕ Правительства Москвы от 18.11.2008 № 1047-ПП (ред. от 25.08.2009) «О внесении изменений в постановление правительства Москвы от 10 ИЮЛЯ 2001 Г. № 634-ПП» (вместе с «Перечнем объектов животного и растительного мира, исключенных из красной книги города Москвы», «Списком животных, растений и грибов, не занесенных в красную книгу города Москвы, но нуждающихся на территории города Москвы в постоянном контроле и наблюдении», «перечнем памятников природы и заповедных участков, подлежащих созданию на особо охраняемых природных и озелененных территориях города Москвы, предназначенных для образования ООПТ»), или здесь Архивировано 21 августа 2011 года.
  6. Красная книга Тамбовской области: Животные / О. Н. Артаев, Е. А. Ганжа, В. В. Глушков, А. Н. Гудина, А. В. Емельянов, Ю. В. Захаров, Р. Н. Ишин, Е. В. Калинкина, Г. А. Лада, Д. А. Медведев, Т.А. Миронова, А.Ю. Околелов, А.Б. Ручин, Д.М. Самохин, А.С. Соколов, Л.А. Соколова, Д. Н. Усов. – Тамбов: ООО «Издательство Юлис», 2012. – 352 с.
  7. Аннотированный перечень редких и находящихся под угрозой исчезновения видов беспозвоночных животных, особо охраняемых в пределах России // 2003* Россия* Красный список особо охраняемых редких и находящихся под угрозой исчезновения животных и растений. (2-й выпуск). Часть 2. Беспозвоночные животные (Бюллетень Красной книги, 2/2004 (2008)) / отв. ред. В. Е. Присяжнюк. — М.: Лаборатория Красной книги Всероссийского научно-исследовательского института охраны природы, 2004 (2008). — С. 207. — 512 с. — ISBN 978-5-9243-0158-7 Полный текст
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Северный лесной муравей: Brief Summary ( Russo )

fornecido por wikipedia русскую Википедию

Северный лесной муравей (англ. Formica aquilonia) — вид средних по размеру муравьёв рода Formica из подсемейства Formicinae (Formicidae). Имеют длину около 7—14 мм.

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