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Imagem de Arion circumscriptus G. Johnston 1828
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Arion circumscriptus G. Johnston 1828

Graue Wegschnecke ( Alemão )

fornecido por wikipedia DE

Die Graue Wegschnecke (Arion circumscriptus) ist eine Nacktschnecke aus der Familie der Wegschnecken (Arionidae), die zur Unterordnung der Landlungenschnecken (Stylommatophora) gestellt wird. Die Art ist schwierig von zwei nahe verwandten Arten zu unterscheiden, da die Färbung der Art sehr variabel ist. Neuere Untersuchungen zweifeln die Eigenständigkeit der Art an.

Beschreibung

Die Graue Wegschnecke misst ausgestreckt etwa 3 bis 5 cm. Der Rücken ist stahlgrau bis bläulich-grau. Die seitlichen Streifen (Binden) sind relativ breit und meist noch etwas dunkler als der Rücken gefärbt. Sie sind vom Rücken durch einen hellen Streifen abgesetzt. Dieser kann allerdings fast fehlen. Zur Sohle hin folgt ein weiterer heller Streifen. Die Sohle ist weißlich. Auf dem Mantelschild ist dasselbe Muster zu beobachten, die Streifen sind jedoch gegenüber den Streifen am Fuß versetzt. Das Atemloch ist meist ganz oder teilweise vom Seitenstreifen umschlossen.

Vorkommen, Lebensweise und Verbreitung

Die Art lebt in Laubwäldern oft an Fallholz. Sie ernährt sich hauptsächlich von Pilzen und Pilzmyzelien. Sie ist in Mittel- und Westeuropa verbreitet. Im Norden kommt sie bis ins südliche Skandinavien vor. Die Graue Wegschnecke ist wie viele andere ursprünglich europäische Nacktschneckenarten inzwischen auch nach Nordamerika verschleppt worden.

Systematik

Die Eigenständigkeit der Art wurde 2006 von Sofie Geenen und Mitautoren in Frage gestellt. Sie fanden in den drei Arten Arion fasciatus (Nilsson, 1823) (Gelbstreifige Wegschnecke), Arion silvaticus Lohmander, 1937 (Wald-Wegschnecke) und Arion circumscriptus Johnston, 1828 (Graue Wegschnecke) weder konsistente Merkmale in der Genitalanatomie noch hinreichende Unterschiede bei DNA-Untersuchungen. Die Unterschiede in der Färbung führen sie auf die Etablierung von Farbvarianten durch längere Phasen von Selbstbefruchtung zurück. Rowson et al. (2014) fanden zwischen Arion silvaticus Lohmander, 1937 und Arion circumscriptus Johnston, 1828 ebenfalls keine Unterschiede, sie halten jedoch an Arion fasciatus (Nilsson, 1823) als separate Art fest.

Sollte sich die Interpretation dieser Ergebnisse weiter bestätigen, müssen Arion silvaticus Lohmander, 1937 und Arion circumscriptus Johnston, 1828 zu einer Art (i. e. Arion circumscriptus Johnston, 1828) zusammengefasst werden, während Arion fasciatus (Nilsson, 1823) als eigenständige beibehalten werden kann. Alle drei (oder wahrscheinlich nur zwei) Arten werden in die von einigen Autoren nicht benutzte Untergattung Arion (Carinarion) Hesse, 1926 gestellt. In der ursprünglichen Auffassung als eigenständige Art hatte Arion circumscriptus folgende Synonyme: Arion ambiguus Pollonera, 1889, Arion bourguignati Mabille, 1868, Arion miser Pollonera, 1887 und Arion subcarinatus Pollonera, 1885.

Literatur

  • Rosina Fechter und Gerhard Falkner: Weichtiere. 287 S., München, Mosaik-Verlag 1990 (Steinbachs Naturführer 10), ISBN 3-570-03414-3
  • Michael P. Kerney, R. A. D. Cameron, Jürgen H. Jungbluth: Die Landschnecken Nord- und Mitteleuropas. 384 S., Paul Parey, Hamburg und Berlin 1983, ISBN 3-490-17918-8
  • Sofie Geenen, Kurt Jordaens, Thierry Backeljau: Molecular systematics of the Carinarion complex (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Pulmonata): a taxonomic riddle caused by a mixed breeding system. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 89(4): 589–604, London 2006 doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.2006.00693.x
  • Ben Rowson, Roy Anderson, James A. Turner, William O. C. Symondson: The Slugs of Britain and Ireland: Undetected and Undescribed Species Increase a Well-Studied, Economically Important Fauna by More Than 20%. PLOS ONE, 2014 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0091907

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Graue Wegschnecke: Brief Summary ( Alemão )

fornecido por wikipedia DE

Die Graue Wegschnecke (Arion circumscriptus) ist eine Nacktschnecke aus der Familie der Wegschnecken (Arionidae), die zur Unterordnung der Landlungenschnecken (Stylommatophora) gestellt wird. Die Art ist schwierig von zwei nahe verwandten Arten zu unterscheiden, da die Färbung der Art sehr variabel ist. Neuere Untersuchungen zweifeln die Eigenständigkeit der Art an.

licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Autoren und Herausgeber von Wikipedia
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia DE

Arion circumscriptus ( Inglês )

fornecido por wikipedia EN

Arion circumscriptus, common name brown-banded arion, is a species of air-breathing land slug, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Arionidae. It is commonest in woodland, occurring across most of Europe, except for more southern regions, and is also widespread in North America. It has been argued that A. circumscriptus is best considered a colour morph of Arion fasciatus.

Taxonomy

The subgenus Carinarion Hesse, 1926[2] contains three species—Arion fasciatus, Arion silvaticus and Arion circumscriptus—distinguished on the basis of small differences in pigmentation and in proportions of their genital anatomy.[3][4] Further study of these morphospecies (typological species) revealed that their body colour may be influenced by diet, and that the putative genital differences do not consistently agree with identifications based on pigmentation and allozymes.[5][6] In much of their range these slugs predominantly self-fertilise, leading to distinct genetic strains and thus generating associations between coloration and other phenotypic characters. However, in other regions of Europe where these slugs more often outcross there was evidence of hybridization between strains, contradicting their status as biological species.[7] Moreover, sequencing of mitochondrial DNA revealed that the inferred phylogeny did not match an arrangement in which the three morphologically recognised species form distinct clades.[8]

The suggestion from that work was to treat all three Carinarion taxa as a single species, and this has been followed by recent French literature.[9][10] The name Arion fasciatus then has priority. However, in Britain A. fasciatus s.s. is more distinct than the other two taxa both morphologically and genetically, so that recent British literature considers A. silvaticus as part of A. circumscriptus s.l., but retains A. fasciatus s.s. as distinct even though these taxa may occasionally hybridise.[11] Arion circumscriptus circumscriptus and Arion circumscriptus silvaticus have then been considered as subspecies.[12] Others still consider the situation unresolved and provisionally retain the original three species.[13]

Before the taxonomic work of Lohmander in 1937[14] and Waldén in 1955,[15] and even for some years following, the different species of Carinarion were not distinguished and the name Arion circumscriptus was used to cover all forms.[16][17]

Description and identification

Like with other Arion species, the pneumostome lies in the anterior half of the mantle, and the back is round in cross-section rather than with a keel.[18][19] However, the subgenus Carinarion is distinguished by a row of paler tubercles along the midline of the back, giving the impression of a keel; this is less prominent in adults.[20] Another feature of Carinarion is that the cross-section is bell-shaped, with splayed-out rather than inward-curving sides.[21] The overall colour of A. circumscriptus is a monochrome dark grey (sometimes with a tinge of blue or brown), with a darker dorsal band and a darker lateral band along each side, the one on the right running above the pneumostome. The flanks below are paler. The sole is white or pale grey, and the mucus colourless, or sometimes pale yellow.[22][23] Length reaches 40 mm, or some say up to 50 mm.[22][20]

Several characters have been proposed to distinguish the species within Carinarion, but note the evidence that they should better all be considered colour morphs of one species (see Taxonomy section). Arion fasciatus is distinguished by reaching a larger size and by the yellow or orange flush below the lateral band (which disappears in alcohol),[6] but the other two Carinarion species may also show faint yellow coloration.[21] Dark flecks on the mantle distinguish A. circumscriptus from A. silvaticus and A. fasciatus, and the flanks of A. silvaticus are brighter but with a slightly broader lateral band.[22] Internally, only A. circumscriptus shows strong pigmentation on the epiphallus.[22][20] Classical morphological distinctions based on size of the atrium, epiphallus and oviduct have not been supported when quantitative measurements are compared against identifications based on pigmentation and allozymes.[6] Since the species are predominantly self-fertilizing, amongst the genetic strains present in a local area certain characters may be consistently associated with one another, yet in another area, with different genetic strains, the same characters may not agree.[6]

Life cycle

A study in southern England found that adults were present from January to July, with some of these maturing only as late as May; later maturing adults were smaller than those maturing earlier in the year. Few individuals were found above ground over the dry summer months, but otherwise immature animals of a wide range of sizes were present throughout the year. In late summer and autumn many immature animals were already of adult mass. The life cycle was predominantly annual, but some animals may have taken 18 months to mature.[24] The life cycle appears similar in a study in Moscow gardens, although slightly delayed there by the Russian winter.[25] A study in Michigan grassland also found adults most abundant in spring and summer.[26]

Arion circumscriptus reproduces predominantly by self-fertilization, leading to inbred genetic strains, but the presence of rare heterozygotes demonstrates that mating does occasionally result in outcrossing. The incidence of outcrossing is higher in Central Europe than in North-west Europe.[7]

Habitat and distribution

Arion circumscriptus is most typical of broadleaved woods in temperate climates, occurring in the litter layer, under dead wood and under bark; it sometimes also occurs in other habitats of cultivated land, such as roadsides and waste ground.[27][28] It is only occasional in gardens and not considered a pest.[27][22][29] It occurs up to an altitude of 1300 m in Switzerland.[28]

The species is widespread and common across North-West, Central and Eastern Europe, including southern Scandinavia (naturally to 62° in Sweden, further north still in gardens;[30] also in Iceland).[31] To the east it occurs in the Ukraine[32] and as far as the Vyatka river basin and north Caucasus in Russia.[33] But it is absent in southern Europe (e.g. in the Iberian Peninsula[34] and Greece;[35] only present in northern part of Italy).[36] In the Czech Republic re-identifications have led to it being considered much less common than once thought.[20] In contrast, there has been a real decline in Austria, where it has been assessed as vulnerable.[37]

As an introduction, A. circumscriptus is widespread in the U.S.A. and Canada on both sides of the continent, spreading from gardens into natural habitats.[38]

Parasites

Parasites of Arion circumscriptus include:

References

  1. ^ Johnston, G. (1828). "A few remarks on the class Mollusca, in Dr Fleming's work of British animals; with descriptions of some new species". Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal. April–September 1828: 74–81.
  2. ^ Hesse, P. (1926). "Die Nacktschnecken der palaearktischen Region". Abhandlungen des Archivs für Molluskenkunde. 2 (1): 1–152.
  3. ^ Kermey, M.P.; Cameron, R.A.D. (1979). A field guide to the landsnails of Britain and North-west Europe. London: Collins.
  4. ^ Backeljau, T.; De Bruyn, L. "Notes on Arion hortensis s.l. and A. faciatus s.l. in Denmark (Gastropoda: Pulmonata)". Apex. 4: 41–48.
  5. ^ Jordaens, K. (1 May 2001). "Food-induced body pigmentation questions the taxonomic value of colour in the self-fertilizing slug Carinarion spp". Journal of Molluscan Studies. 67 (2): 161–167. doi:10.1093/mollus/67.2.161.
  6. ^ a b c d Jordaens, K.; Van Dongen, S.; Van Riel, P.; Geenen, S.; Verhagen, R.; Backeljau, T. (20 April 2002). "Multivariate morphometrics of soft body parts in terrestrial slugs: comparison between two datasets, error assessment and taxonomic implications". Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 75 (4): 533–542. doi:10.1046/j.1095-8312.2002.00040.x.
  7. ^ a b Jordaens, Kurt; Geenen, Sofie; Reise, Heike; van Riel, Patrick; Verhagen, Ron; Backeljau, Thierry (December 2000). "Is there a geographical pattern in the breeding system of a complex of hermaphroditic slugs (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Carinarion)?". Heredity. 85 (6): 571–579. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2540.2000.00793.x. PMID 11240623. S2CID 30062359.
  8. ^ Geenen, Sofie; Jordaens, Kurt; Backeljau, Thierry (4 December 2006). "Molecular systematics of the Carinarion complex (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Pulmonata): a taxonomic riddle caused by a mixed breeding system". Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 89 (4): 589–604. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.2006.00693.x.
  9. ^ Gargominy, O.; Prie, V.; Bichain, J.-M.; Cucherat, X.; Fontaine, B. (2011). "Liste de référence annotée des mollusques continentaux de France" (PDF). MalaCo. 7: 307–382. Retrieved 2021-03-13.
  10. ^ Audibert, C.; Bertrand, A. (2015). Guide des mollusques terrestres : escargots et limaces. Paris: Belin. ISBN 9782701151649.
  11. ^ Rowson, Ben; Anderson, Roy; Turner, James A.; Symondson, William O. C. (16 April 2014). "The slugs of Britain and Ireland: undetected and undescribed species increase a well-studied, economically important fauna by more han 20%". PLOS ONE. 9 (4): e91907. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...991907R. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0091907. PMC 3989179. PMID 24740519.
  12. ^ Rowson, B.; Turner, J.; Anderson, R.; Symondson, B. (2014b). Slugs of Britain and Ireland: identification, understanding and control. Telford: Field Studies Council. ISBN 9781908819130.
  13. ^ Welter-Schultes, F.; Audibert, C.; Bertrand, A. (2011). "Liste des mollusques terrestres et dulcicoles de France continentale (excl. hydrobioïdes)". Folia Conchyliologica. 12: 4–44.
  14. ^ Lohmander, H. (1937). "Über die nordischen Formen von Arion circumscriptus Johnston". Acta Societatis Pro Fauna et Flora Fennica. 60: 90–112.
  15. ^ Waldén, H.W. (1955). "The land Gastropoda of the vicinity of Stockholm". Arkiv för Zoologi. 7: 391–448.
  16. ^ Ellis, A.E. (1926). British snails—a guide to the non-marine Gastropoda of Great Britain and Ireland, Pliocene to Recent (with illustrations by R. A. Ellis). Oxford: Clarendon Press.
  17. ^ Quick, H.E. (1949). Synopses of the British fauna. No. 8—Slugs (Mollusca) (Testacellidae, Arionidae, Limacidae). London: The Linnean Society.
  18. ^ "Arion fasciatus group: Arion circumscriptus". Terrestrial Mollusc Tool. University of Florida. Retrieved 20 February 2013.
  19. ^ "Arion circumscriptus Johnston, 1828 Brown-banded Arion". Evergreen State College. Retrieved 20 February 2013.
  20. ^ a b c d Horsák, M.; Juřičková, L.; Picka, J. (2013). Měkkýši České a Slovenské republiky = Molluscs of the Czech and Slovak Republics (1st ed.). Zlín: Nakladatelství Kabourek. ISBN 9788086447155.
  21. ^ a b Cameron, R.A.D.; Eversham, B.; Jackson, N. (1983). "A field key to the slugs of the British Isles". Field Studies. 5: 807–824.
  22. ^ a b c d e Rowson, B.; Turner, J.; Anderson, R.; Symondson, B. (2014). Slugs of Britain & Ireland : identification, understanding and control (First ed.). Telford: Field Studies Council. ISBN 9781908819130.
  23. ^ Anderson, R. "Arion (Carinarion) circumscriptus Johnston 1828 Forest slug". MolluscIreland. National Museums Northern Ireland. Retrieved 20 March 2021.
  24. ^ Hutchinson, John M.C.; Reise, Heike; Skujienė, Grita (2017). "Life cycles and adult sizes of five co-occurring species of Arion slugs". Journal of Molluscan Studies. 83 (1): 88–105. doi:10.1093/mollus/eyw042.
  25. ^ Burenkov, M.S. (1977). "Population age structure of three slug species (Order Stylommatophora, subclass Pulmonata) [In Russian]". Jurnal Obshej Biologii. 38: 296–304.
  26. ^ Getz, L.L. (1959). "Notes on the ecology of slugs: Arion circumscriptus, Deroceras reticulatum, and D. laeve". American Midland Naturalist. 61 (2): 485–498. doi:10.2307/2422516. JSTOR 2422516.
  27. ^ a b Kerney, M. P. (1999). Atlas of the land and freshwater molluscs of Britain and Ireland. Colchester, Essex: Harley Books. ISBN 0946589488.
  28. ^ a b Boschi, Cristina (2011). Die Schneckenfauna der Schweiz ein umfassendes Bild- und Bestimmungsbuch. Bern: Haupt. ISBN 9783258076973.
  29. ^ Ludwig, A.; Reise, H.; Hutchinson, J.M.C. (2015). "Die Nacktschneckenfauna in Gärten der Stadt Görlitz (Sachsen, Deutschland)" (PDF). Berichte der naturforschenden Gesellschaft der Oberlausitz. 23: 43–57.
  30. ^ von Proschwitz, T. "Gråsidig skogssnigel Vetenskapligt artnamn Arion circumscriptus". Artfakta. Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet. Retrieved 19 March 2021.
  31. ^ Ólafsson, E. "Rákasnigill (Arion circumscriptus)". Icelandic Institute of Natural History. Retrieved 19 March 2021.
  32. ^ Gural-Sverlova, N.V.; Gural, R.I. (2016). "New findings of the slugs Arion distinctus and Arion circumscriptus (Arionidae) in the territory of Ukraine". Ruthenica (in Russian). 26 (1): 17–23.
  33. ^ Sysoev, A.; Schileyko, A. (2009). Land snails and slugs of Russia and adjacent countries. Sofia, Bulgaria: Pensoft Publishers. ISBN 9789546424747.
  34. ^ Cadevall, J.; Orozoco, A. (2016). Caracoles y babosas de la Península Ibérica y Baleares. Barcelona: Omega. ISBN 9788428215992.
  35. ^ Wiktor, A. (2001). The slugs of Greece (Arionidae, Milacidae, Limacidae, Agriolimacidae - Gastropoda, Stylommatophora) = Gymnosaligkaria tēs Elladas (Arionidae, Milacidae, Limacidae, Agriolimacidae - Gasteropoda, Pneymonophora. Irakleio, Crete, Greece: Natural History Museum of Crete, University of Crete. ISBN 9603670057.
  36. ^ Manganelli, G.; Bodon, M.; Favilli, L.; Giusti, F. (1995). "Fascicolo 16. Gastropoda Pulmonata". In Minelli, A.; Ruffo, S.; La Posta, S. (eds.). Checklist delle specie della fauna italiana. pp. 1–60. Retrieved 19 March 2021.
  37. ^ Reischütz, A.; Reischütz, P.L. (2007). "Rote Liste der Weichtiere (Mollusca) Österreichs". In Zulka, P. (ed.). Rote Listen gefährdeter Tiere Österreichs. Checklisten, Gefährdungsanalysen, Handlungsbedarf. Teil 2. GrüneReihe des BLFUW. Wien: Böhlauverlag. pp. 363–343.
  38. ^ Grimm, F.W.; Forsyth, R.G.; Schueler, F.W.; Karstad, A. (2009). Identifying land snails and slugs in Canada : introduced species and native genera. Ottawa, Ont.: Canadian Food Inspection Agency. ISBN 9781100124391.
  39. ^ Michigan Department of Natural Resources and Environment. "Brainworm". accessed 14 December 2010.
  40. ^ Blaisdell, K.F. (1950). "Arion circumscriptus, a new intermediate host of the cat lungworm, Aelurostrongylus abstrusus". The Cornell Veterinarian. 40 (2): 197–200. PMID 15411797.

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Arion circumscriptus: Brief Summary ( Inglês )

fornecido por wikipedia EN

Arion circumscriptus, common name brown-banded arion, is a species of air-breathing land slug, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Arionidae. It is commonest in woodland, occurring across most of Europe, except for more southern regions, and is also widespread in North America. It has been argued that A. circumscriptus is best considered a colour morph of Arion fasciatus.

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Wikipedia authors and editors
original
visite a fonte
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wikipedia EN

Arion circumscriptus ( Espanhol; Castelhano )

fornecido por wikipedia ES

Arion circumscriptus es una especie de molusco gasterópodo de la familia Arionidae en el orden de los Stylommatophora.

Distribución geográfica

Se encuentra en la República Checa, Gran Bretaña, e Irlanda.[1]

Referencias

  1. Land Snails of Pennsylvania. accessed 20 de enero de 2009.

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Arion circumscriptus: Brief Summary ( Espanhol; Castelhano )

fornecido por wikipedia ES

Arion circumscriptus es una especie de molusco gasterópodo de la familia Arionidae en el orden de los Stylommatophora.

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Lasilimaetana ( Finlandês )

fornecido por wikipedia FI

Lasilimaetana (Arion circumscriptus) on siruetanoiden heimoon kuuluva kotilo. Se kasvaa 30-50 millimetriä pitkäksi. Sillä on kaksi selvää tummanharmaata tai mustaa yläreunasta vaaleampaa pitkittäisjuovaa kummallakin kyljellä. Lasilimaetanan selkä on harmaa ja kyljet vaaleammat. Se piilottelee kivien ja maahan pudonneiden lehtien alla ja tulee esiin vasta pimeällä. Lasilimaetana syö lakastuneita kasveja. [2]

Lähteet

  1. Rowson, B.: Arion circumscriptus IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2017.3. 2017. International Union for Conservation of Nature, IUCN, Iucnredlist.org. Viitattu 18.1.2018. (englanniksi)
  2. Lars-Henrik Olsen, Murkkuja ja mehiläisiä, WSOY Italia 1997, s. 149

Aiheesta muualla

Tämä eläimiin liittyvä artikkeli on tynkä. Voit auttaa Wikipediaa laajentamalla artikkelia.
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Lasilimaetana: Brief Summary ( Finlandês )

fornecido por wikipedia FI

Lasilimaetana (Arion circumscriptus) on siruetanoiden heimoon kuuluva kotilo. Se kasvaa 30-50 millimetriä pitkäksi. Sillä on kaksi selvää tummanharmaata tai mustaa yläreunasta vaaleampaa pitkittäisjuovaa kummallakin kyljellä. Lasilimaetanan selkä on harmaa ja kyljet vaaleammat. Se piilottelee kivien ja maahan pudonneiden lehtien alla ja tulee esiin vasta pimeällä. Lasilimaetana syö lakastuneita kasveja.

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Rákasnigill ( Islandês )

fornecido por wikipedia IS

informal group Sigmurethra

Yfirætt: Arionoidea
Ætt: Svartsniglaætt (Arionidae)
Ættkvísl: Arion
Tegund:
A. circumscriptus

Tvínefni Arion circumscriptus
Johnston, 1828

Rákasnigill (fræðiheiti: Arion circumscriptus) er tegund af landsniglum sem finnst aðallega í Mið- og Norður-Evrópu. Hann finnst líklega á láglendi um allt land á Íslandi.[1]

Flokkun

Nýlegar rannsókir sýna að þrjár tegundir í ættkvíslinni (Arion (Carinarion) fasciatus, Arion (Carinarion) silvaticus og Arion (Carinarion) circumscriptus) eru líklega í raun ein tegund.[2] Nafnið Arion fasciatus hefur forgang (Principle of Priority).

Sníkjudýr

Meðal sníkjudýra í Arion circumscriptus eru:

Tilvísanir

  1. Rákasnigill Náttúrufræðistofnun Íslands
  2. Geenen, Sofie; Jordaens, Kurt; Thierry. „Carinarion complex (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Pulmonata): a taxonomic riddle caused by a mixed breeding system“. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 89 (4): 589–604. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.2006.00693.x.
  3. Michigan Department of Natural Resources and Environment. "Brainworm". accessed 14 December 2010.

Ytri tenglar


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Rákasnigill: Brief Summary ( Islandês )

fornecido por wikipedia IS

Rákasnigill (fræðiheiti: Arion circumscriptus) er tegund af landsniglum sem finnst aðallega í Mið- og Norður-Evrópu. Hann finnst líklega á láglendi um allt land á Íslandi.

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Arion circumscriptus ( Neerlandês; Flamengo )

fornecido por wikipedia NL

Arion circumscriptus is een slakkensoort uit de familie van de Arionidae.[1] De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1828 door Johnston.

Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
Geplaatst op:
29-06-2013
Dit artikel is een beginnetje over biologie. U wordt uitgenodigd om op bewerken te klikken om uw kennis aan dit artikel toe te voegen. Beginnetje
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Gråflanket skogsnegl ( Norueguês )

fornecido por wikipedia NO

Gråflanket skogsnegl (Arion circumscriptus) er et bløtdyr og tilhører de landlevende lungesneglene i familiegruppen skogsnegler. Den er en av «nakensneglene» uten synlig skall.

Utseende

Gråflanket skogsnegl kan bli 5 cm. lang. Den er ganske lett å kjenne på to markerte svart-grå langsgående striper på hver side av kroppen. Ryggsiden er mørkegrå, med lysere sider.

Gråflanket skogsnegl har to par tentakler. På det øverste paret finnes øyne ute på spissen. Det underste paret brukes til å registrere lukter eller kjemikalier. De har en kappehule som er en del av åndedrettet til sneglen, og den tjenestegjør som en lunge. Man kan lett se åpningen til kappehulen som et hull, normalt på høyre siden av kappen. Skogsnegler har åndehullet foran midten av kappa. Den kan ligne på enkelte arter i familien kjølsnegler (Limacidae), men disse har åndehullet bak midten av kappa og en kjøl på den bakre delen av kroppen.

Levevis

Gråflanket skogsnegl lever for det meste av ulike plantedeler, som den spiser. Den har ikke tenner, men en raspetunge, som den kan raspe i seg maten med. Men den kan spise døde dyr (åtsler) eller mindre snegler som de kommer over.

Gråflanket skogsnegl finnes på fuktige steder med skygge. Den er aktive om natten når luftfuktigheten er høyere. Om dagen hviler den ofte undere steiner eller i tett vegetasjon. Om været blir for tørt og varmt, lukker den åpningen til kapphulen, mest mulig for å spare på fuktigheten.

Gråflanket skogsnegl er hermafroditt (tvekjønnet). For å kunne legge egg kreves allikevel to snegler, som under parringen, befrukter hverandre. Den legger flere hundre egg i grupper på 20-30 egg, på skyggefulle fuktige steder. Etter noen uker klekker eggene. De nyklekkete sneglene ser ut som miniatyrer av de voksne individene. Utviklingstiden til et voksent individ kan variere etter arten, men mellom seks og sju måneder er vanlig.


Eksterne lenker

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Gråflanket skogsnegl: Brief Summary ( Norueguês )

fornecido por wikipedia NO

Gråflanket skogsnegl (Arion circumscriptus) er et bløtdyr og tilhører de landlevende lungesneglene i familiegruppen skogsnegler. Den er en av «nakensneglene» uten synlig skall.

licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Wikipedia forfattere og redaktører
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia NO