Icterus mesomelas (Wagler 1829)

The call of yellow-tailed orioles is a repeated nasal chew or cheuk and a harder chuk or chook. Duetting birds commonly perform rhythmic repetition of phrases (Howell and Webb, 1995). Duetting and elaborate female song is common in tropical orioles (Price et al., 2009).

Communication Channels: acoustic

Other Communication Modes: duets

Perception Channels: visual ; tactile ; acoustic ; chemical

Because of their large range, which lacks significant fragmentation, and stable population sizes, yellow-tailed orioles are not considered vulnerable. They are considered a species of least concern by the IUCN.

US Migratory Bird Act: no special status

US Federal List: no special status

CITES: no special status

State of Michigan List: no special status

IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: least concern

There are no known adverse affects of yellow-tailed orioles on humans, though they may feed on bananas and other fruit.

Negative Impacts: crop pest

Yellow-tailed orioles feed on insects in agricultural land and may contribute to the well-being of crops such as bananas. Like other tropical birds, their existence promotes ecotourism and birding, making a significance contribution to the local economy.

Positive Impacts: ecotourism ; research and education

Yellow-tailed orioles prefer areas of dense vegetation, including agricultural land, such as banana plantations (Jaramillo and Burke 1999). Yellow-tailed orioles can aid in pollination and seed dispersal. They also forage on insects and can potentially protect plants from pest insects.

Ecosystem Impact: disperses seeds; pollinates

The diet of yellow-tailed orioles includes nectar and invertebrates, such as spiders (Stiles and Skutch 1989). Although they prefer dense undergrowth, they forage at all levels and have been seen on flowering trees (Restall et al. 2006).

Animal Foods: insects; terrestrial non-insect arthropods

Plant Foods: fruit; nectar

Primary Diet: omnivore

Yellow-tailed orioles (Icterus mesomelas) are found in Central and South America (Monroe and Sibley 1993). They are found predominantly below 500 m altitude. There are five described subspecies: Icterus mesomelas mesomelas, Icterus mesomelas salvinii, Icterus mesomelas carrikeri, Icterus mesomelas taczanowskii, Icterus mesomelas xantholemus (Clemens 2007).

Icterus m. mesomelas and I. m. salvinii can be found in Central America. Icterus m. mesomelas can be found in the tropical southeast of Mexico, which extends from south Veracruz to the city of Oaxaca; they are also found in Belize and Honduras (Clemens 2007). Icterus m. salvinii is found in the Caribbean lowlands of Nicaragua, east Costa Rica continuing to extreme northwest Panama (Jaramillo and Burke 1999).

The other three subspecies can be found further south along the Pacific lowlands. Icterus m. carrikeri is found from Panama to northwestern Columbia and northwestern Venezuela. In Panama, the range extends along the Pacific slope from the Canal eastward and in the north it extends from the lowlands of Colombia northwards of the Santa Marta Mountains and the Magdalena Valley. Furthermore, the geographic range includes the east of Guajira, North of Santander and extends into the northwest of Venezuela (Jaramillo and Burke 1999). In Venezuela, yellow-tailed orioles are found around the Lake Maracaibo basin, in Zulia, Tachira and Merida (Ridgely and Tudor 2001).

Icterus m. taczanowskii is endemic to the Pacific lowlands of western Ecuador and northwest Peru (Clements 2007). In Peru, the range stretches from Piura in the north (Jaramillo and Burke 1999) to the Pacific Coast to Lambayeque. Their range is separated by the Andes mountain range, unlike the continuous distribution from north to south and then continues into the upper Maranon Valley and further south to La Libertad (Ridgely and Tudor 2001).This is the only part of South America where the range of I. mesomelas is disrupted.

Icterus m. xantholemus is known only from Ecuador. Although some experts indicate that these individuals may represent immature I. mesomelas (Clemens 2007), others propose that it could be a hybrid between two unknown species of Icterus (Sibley and Monroe 1990), others treat it as a valid species (Blake et al. 1968).

Biogeographic Regions: neotropical (Native )

Yellow-tailed orioles prefer tropical lowlands below 500 m elevation (Clemens 2007). They can be found in woodlands, clearings, and brushland. They are often found near stands of Heliconia plants, Manila hemp, or in agricultural areas, showing a clear preference for banana plantations. They inhabit areas near water and are the only Central American oriole that prefers swamps (Jaramillo and Burke 1999). They forage in pairs for insects, spiders, and fruits (Stiles and Skutch 1989).

Range elevation: 500 (high) m.

Habitat Regions: tropical ; terrestrial

Terrestrial Biomes: rainforest

Wetlands: swamp

Other Habitat Features: agricultural

There are no predators of yellow-tailed orioles reported in the literature.

Yellow-tailed orioles are medium-sized birds, ranging from 20 to 23.6 cm long (Howell and Webb 1995) and weighing around 70 grams (Stiles and Skutch 1989). This species is identified by the golden yellow color of their tail and stripe on their wing coverts. They differ from yellow-backed orioles (Icterus chrysater) in that the latter has yellow back, entirely black tail and no yellow on the wings. A yellow tail is found in all ages of this species. Other features that distinguish yellow-tailed orioles from other orioles are white markings on the wings, yellow shoulders, and bristly forehead feathers (Jaramillo and Burke 1999).

Like most tropical orioles, this species is sexually monomorphic: males cannot be differentiated from females based only on appearance. However, certain differences have been identified between adult, immature, and juvenile birds (Howell and Webb 1995).

An adult yellow-tailed oriole has dark brown eyes and a black down-curved bill; the black coloration continues to the lores and anterior auriculars giving the illusion of a black mask. This mask extends to the chin, throat and upper breast as a bib. In addition, the back and scapulars display the same black coloration. The neck has orange-yellow stripes which fade along the back. The tail is long, moderately graduated, and the uppertail coverts are yellow (Howell and Webb 1995). Finally, the legs and feet are a mixture of blue and grey (Jaramillo and Burke 1999).

Immature individuals have duller yellow bodies and olive-black backs. The rump and uppertail coverts are also olive, but the wings are dark brown, the tail is olive yellow (Jaramillo and Burke 1999).

Juvenile yellow-tailed orioles have dull yellow and olive heads with pinkish lower mandibles. The back and rump are olive brown (Howell and Webb 1995). The wings are olive with two thin yellowish wingbars. Juveniles resemble immature individuals, but lack the black lores and black bib (Jaramillo and Burke 1999).

Subtle variations can be seen among yellow-tailed oriole subspecies. Icterus m. mesomelas individuals have secondary edgings and the base of the tertials edges are consistently yellow. Icterus m. carrikeri individuals have shorter bills and less black coloration on the throat than I. m. salvinii, but can be paler orange instead of yellow. Icterus m. salvinii individuals have larger bills than I. m. carrikeri and more extensive black on the throat. In comparison to I. m. carrikeri, I. m. mesomelas individuals are more orange in color. Finally, I. m. taczanowskii individuals are characterized by secondary edgings and white wing panel. They are more yellow than I. m. mesomelas (Jaramillo and Burke 1999). The closest relatives of yellow-tailed orioles are Icterus pectoralis and the complex that includes Icterus icterus (Omland et al. 1999).

Average mass: 70 g.

Range length: 20.32 to 23.62 cm.

Range wingspan: 86.9 to 94.5 cm.

Other Physical Features: endothermic ; homoiothermic; bilateral symmetry

Sexual Dimorphism: sexes alike

There is no information on lifespan in the literature.

The male usually sings from the top of the trees whereas the female replies from the nest. The song is characterized by repetitive whistle-like sounds, varying in the number of notes (Jaramillo and Burke 1999).

Mating System: monogamous

Females build a nest of vegetable fiber in the shape of a basket which may hang two meters up in a shrub (Stiles and Skutch 1989). Clutch size is two to three eggs which are light blue with brown spots (Jaramillo and Burke 1999). Yellow-tailed orioles prefer to nest at low to mid-levels in shrubs or trees (Howell and Webb 1995). Nesting for this species happens later in the year than any other local orioles and differs depending on the location: in Panama nesting is in April, in Oaxaca, Mexico and Colombia nesting is in the middle of June. Nesting sometimes extends into November (Davis 1972).

A single hybrid between an I. mesomelas and I. chrysater from Colombia has been studied, and it was proposed that the lack of mates in the area may have led to this hybridization (Olson 1983). This hybridization is noteworthy because the two species are quite distantly related for orioles (Omland et al. 1999).

Breeding interval: Yellow-tailed orioles breed once a year.

Breeding season: Yellow-tailed orioles breeding season varies geographically.

Range eggs per season: 2 to 3.

Average eggs per season: 2.

Range time to hatching: 14 (low) days.

Range fledging age: 13 (low) days.

Key Reproductive Features: iteroparous ; seasonal breeding ; gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual ; oviparous

Nesting period and dependency on the parents differs across their range but, typically the incubation period last 14 days and the hatchling needs approximately 13 days of parental care in the nest (Jaramillo and Burke 1999).

Parental Investment: altricial ; female parental care ; pre-fertilization (Provisioning, Protecting: Female); pre-hatching/birth (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Male, Female); pre-weaning/fledging (Provisioning: Male, Female, Protecting: Male, Female)

Prefiere matorrales densos, con marañas de bejucos, cañaverales, rodales tupidos de Heliconia o de cáñamo de manila, y terrenos bajos y anegados con crecimiento denso. Forrajea entre las bananeras, árboles al borde de carreteras y matorrales de jardines cercanos al agua.

Es considerada una especie en peligro de extinción, debido a que se le da caza indiscriminadamente pues es muy apreciada como ave de canto. Está protegida y regulada por la Ley de Conservación de la Vida Silvestre No. 7317, la Ley Orgánica del Ambiente No. 7554 y el decreto No. 26435-MINAE.

Localidad del tipo: México = Chalcaltianges, Veracruz.
Depositario del tipo:
Recolector del tipo:

Es apreciada por los "pajareros" como ave de canto, y las capturan para mantenerlas enjauladas en cautiverio ("aves de jaula").

Mide 23 cm. y pesa 70 grs. Es un bolsero grande, en gran parte de color amarillo, de cola larga con bordes amarillos conspicuos y pico grueso. Los adultos muestran las áreas loreal y orbital, las mejillas, la garganta, el centro del pecho, la espalda, la mayor parte de las alas y el centro de la cola de color negro, y el resto de la cabeza, el cuello, parte inferior, la rabadilla, las coberteras supracaudales y las 3 timoneras más externas de color amarillo brillante, excepto en las bases. El hombro y la parte superior de las coberteras alares son amarillos; este color les forma una lista que separa el negro de las alas y la espalda. El pico es negro, excepto la base de la mandíbula, que es plateada, y las patas son gris azulado. Los especímenes inmaduros presentan la cabeza, el cuello y la parte inferior de color amarillo verdoso brillante, en ocasiones con un tinte ocráceo. Ocasionalmente puede presentar manchones fuscos en el pecho. La espalda, las timoneras centrales y las alas son fuscas, con bordes gruesos de color verde oliva, lo cual puede formar 1 ó 2 barras alares. La rabadilla es verde oliva y las 3 timoneras laterales son amarillo pálido con los bordes oliva. Los ejemplares juveniles de Icterus dominicensis son más pequeños, tienen toda la cola oscura y la cara, garganta y pecho de color negro (y por lo tanto son más parecidos a los Icterus mesomelas adultos).

Se han observado individuos jóvenes recién salidos del nido en mayo y julio.

Forrajean en el follaje denso, introducen el pico y escudriñan para encontrar insectos y arañas. En ocasiones comen frutos. Vuelan con poca frecuencia y solo distancias cortas entre matorrales.

Distribucion en Costa Rica: Es una especie residente en las bajuras del Caribe. En el pasado era abundante y gozaba de una distribución amplia. Actualmente se encuentra muy reducido en la mayoría de las áreas debido a que se le persigue insistentemente con el objeto de comercializarlo como ave de jaula (es muy estimado como cantor). En la mayoría de las regiones se encuentra a alturas desde el nivel del mar hasta los 300 m. Existe una colonia aislada en el Lago Dabagri (aproximadamente a 1000 m.) en las faldas de la Cordillera de Talamanca, en el sureste.

Distribucion General: Se encuentra desde el sur de México hasta el oeste de Perú y el noroeste de Venezuela.

Generalmente forman parejas.

Icterus mesomelas Les especies d'aves con nome común en llingua asturiana márquense como NOA. En casu contrariu, conséñase'l nome científicu o de la SEO.

'''Icterus mesomelas ye un ave paseriforme na familia Icteridae del Nuevu Mundu.

Aderyn a rhywogaeth o adar yw Euryn cynffonfelyn (sy'n enw gwrywaidd; enw lluosog: eurynnod cynffonfelyn) a adnabyddir hefyd gyda'i enw gwyddonol Icterus mesomelas; yr enw Saesneg arno yw Yellow-tailed oriole. Mae'n perthyn i deulu'r Tresglod (Lladin: Icteridae) sydd yn urdd y Passeriformes.

Talfyrir yr enw Lladin yn aml yn I. mesomelas, sef enw'r rhywogaeth. Mae'r rhywogaeth hon i'w chanfod yn Ne America a Gogledd America.

மஞ்சள்-வால் ஓரியோல் (Icterus mesomelas) என்பது தெற்கு மெக்ஸிக்கோவிலிருந்து மேற்கு பெரு மற்றும் வடமேற்கு வெனிசுலாவில் காணப்படும் ஒரு பறவை ஆகும். பெருவில் இது ஒரு நதி பள்ளத்தாக்கில் காணப்படுகிறது. மஞ்சள்-வால் ஓரியோல் 22-23 செமீ (8.7-9.1 அங்குலம்) நீளம் மற்றும் 70 கிராம் (2.5 அவுன்ஸ்) எடையுடன் காணப்படுகிறது. இதில் நான்கு கிளையினங்கள் உள்ளன. பெரு மற்றும் வெனிசுலா தவிர மற்ற இடங்களில் மஞ்சள்-வால் ஓரியோல் மிகவும் பொதுவானதாக உள்ளது. ஆனால் கூண்டு-பறவை வர்த்தகத்தால் பாதிக்கப்பட்டு பெரும்பாலான இடங்களில் இதன் எண்ணிக்கை குறைந்து கொண்டு வருகிறது; இந்த இனம் இதன் தோற்றம் மற்றும் இதன் அழகிய பாடல் இரண்டிற்காகவும் மதிக்கப்படுகிறது.

The yellow-tailed oriole (Icterus mesomelas) is a passerine bird in the New World family Icteridae. It breeds from southern Mexico to western Peru and northwestern Venezuela; in Peru it also lives in a river valley corridor.

The yellow-tailed oriole is 22–23 cm (8.7–9.1 in) long and weighs 70 g (2.5 oz). It is mainly yellow with a black back, lower face and upper breast. The wings are black with yellow epaulets. The tail, seen from above, is black with yellow margins; from below, it appears almost entirely yellow. This is the only oriole with prominent yellow in the tail, hence the species’ name. The sexes are similar, but young birds have the black on the back and tail replaced with olive-green.

There are four subspecies:

I. m. mesomelas – (Wagler, 1829): nominate, found from Mexico to Honduras, has yellow fringes to the tertials I. m. salvinii – Cassin, 1867: found in the Caribbean lowlands of Nicaragua and Costa Rica, has no yellow fringes to the tertials and is more orange than the nominate race I. m. carrikeri – Todd, 1917: found in Panama, Colombia and northwestern Venezuela, is like salvinii, but less orange and smaller-billed I. m. taczanowskiis – Ridgway, 1901: found in Pacific South America from Ecuador to western Peru, has white fringes to the tertials

The calls of this species include a chick and a weechaw. The song is a melodic repetition of rich whistles, chuck, chuck-yeeaow. It is often given as a duet, with the female's response following or overlapping the male's longer phrases.

This large oriole inhabits dense thickets, often with vines, Heliconias and similar dense growths, in swampy lowlands. The birds forage in pairs or small groups in denser vegetation than most orioles, mainly feeding on insects, although they will also take nectar and certain fruits such as gumbo-limbo (Bursera simaruba).

It builds a deep but thin cup nest 2 m (6.6 ft) high in a thorny scrub by a stream. It lays three dark-blotched white eggs, which hatch in 13 days with a further 14 days to fledging.

The yellow-tailed oriole is fairly common except in Peru and Venezuela, but is reducing in numbers in parts of its range because of persecution by the cage-bird trade; this species is valued for both its appearance and its beautiful song.

La Flavvosta iktero, Icterus mesomelas, estas specio de birdo de la familio de Ikteredoj kaj de ties tipa genro nome Ikteroj kiu enhavas speciojn kiuj montras flavajn kaj nigrajn kolorojn.

Ĝi troviĝas el suda Meksiko tra Centrameriko al okcidenta Peruo kaj nordokcidenta Venezuelo; en Peruo ĝi loĝas ankaŭ en ĉeriveraj arbaroj.

La Flavvosta iktero estas 22-23 cm longa kaj pezas 70 g. Ĝi estas ĉefe sulfurflava kun nigraj dorso, malsupra vizaĝo kaj supra brusto. La flugiloj estas nigraj kun flava ŝultromakulo kaj la vosto estas nigra kun flavaj eksteraj vostoplumoj, kio nomigas la specion, ĉar ĝi estas la ununura iktero kun tiu karaktero. Ambaŭ seksoj estas similaj, sed junuloj havas la nigron de dorso kaj de vosto anstataŭata de olivverdeca koloro. La beko estas fortika kaj malhelgriza al nigreca kun la unua duono de la suba makselo pli hela.

Estas kvar subspecioj.

Nomiga I. m. mesomelas, Meksiko al Honduro, havas flavajn bordojn en triarangaj flugilplumoj. I. m. salvinii, malaltaj teroj de Karibio en Nikaragvo kaj Kostariko, sen flavaj bordoj en triarangaj flugilplumoj kaj pli oranĝa ol la nomiga raso. I. m. carrikeri, Panamo, Kolombio kaj nordokcidenta Venezuelo, estas kiel salvinii, sed malpli oranĝa kaj kun pli malgranda beko. I. m. taczanowskiis, regionoj de Pacifiko en Sudameriko el Ekvadoro al okcidenta Peruo, havas blankajn bordojn en triarangaj flugilplumoj.

La alvokoj de tiu specio inkludas ĉik kaj ŭiiĉoŭ. La kanto estas melodia ripeto de muzikecaj fajfoj, ĉak, ĉak-ĝjuaŭ. Ĝi estas ofte elsendata kiel dueto, kie la respondo de la ino sekvas aŭ surkoincidas kun la pli longaj frazoj de la masklo.

Tiu granda ikteredo loĝas em densa arbustaro, ofte kun vitoj, Heliconia kaj simila densa kreskaĵaro, en marĉaj malaltaj teroj. Tiu birdo manĝas en paroj aŭ malgrandaj grupoj en pli densa vegetaĵaro ol plej parto de ikteroj, manĝas ĉefe insektojn, sed ankaŭ nektaron kaj kelkajn fruktojn kiaj tiuj de Simarubo (Bursera simaruba).

Ili konstruas profundan sed fajnan tasforman neston 2 m alte en dorna arbusto ĉe rojo. La ino demetas 3 malhelmakulajn blankajn ovojn. Eloviĝo okazas post 13 tagoj kaj elnestiĝo post pliaj 14 tagoj.

La Flavvosta iktero estas sufiĉe komuna escepte en Peruo kaj Venezuelo, sed ĝi malpliiĝas en partoj de sia teritorio pro persekutado por kaĝobirda komerco; tiu specio valoras kaj pro bela aspekto kaj pro bela kanto.

El turpial coliamarillo (Icterus mesomelas)​ es una especie de ave paseriforme de la familia Icteridae propia de América Central y el noroeste de Sudamérica.

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Icterus mesomelas Icterus generoko animalia da. Hegaztien barruko Icteridae familian sailkatua dago.

Icterus mesomelas

L’Oriole à queue jaune (Icterus mesomelas) est une espèce d'oiseau de la famille des ictéridés qu’on retrouve du Mexique au nord de l’Amérique du Sud.

De geelstaarttroepiaal (Icterus mesomelas) is een zangvogel uit de familie Icteridae (troepialen).

Gulhaletrupial (Icterus mesomelas) er en fugl i trupialfamilien.

Gulstjärtad trupial (Icterus mesomelas) är en fågel i familjen trupialer inom ordningen tättingar. Den förekommer från Mexiko till Peru och är den enda Icterus-trupialen med gul stjärt.

Icterus mesomelas là một loài chim trong họ Icteridae.