dcsimg

Lifespan, longevity, and ageing

fornecido por AnAge articles
Maximum longevity: 10.3 years
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cc-by-3.0
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Joao Pedro de Magalhaes
editor
de Magalhaes, J. P.
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AnAge articles

Behavior ( Inglês )

fornecido por Animal Diversity Web

Perception Channels: visual ; tactile ; acoustic ; chemical

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The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors
citação bibliográfica
Ivory, A. 1999. "Sayornis phoebe" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Sayornis_phoebe.html
autor
Alicia Ivory, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
Animal Diversity Web

Conservation Status ( Inglês )

fornecido por Animal Diversity Web

The Eastern phoebe is very tolerant of human presence. The growing use of man-made structures as substitute nest sites has greatly facilitated their expansion across North America (Weeks).

US Migratory Bird Act: protected

US Federal List: no special status

CITES: no special status

State of Michigan List: no special status

IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: least concern

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citação bibliográfica
Ivory, A. 1999. "Sayornis phoebe" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Sayornis_phoebe.html
autor
Alicia Ivory, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
Animal Diversity Web

Benefits ( Inglês )

fornecido por Animal Diversity Web

Phoebes sometimes nest near man-made structures, and it is sometimes necessary to remove their nests due to potential health problems associated with mites in the nests and droppings beneath the nest (Weeks).

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citação bibliográfica
Ivory, A. 1999. "Sayornis phoebe" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Sayornis_phoebe.html
autor
Alicia Ivory, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
original
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Animal Diversity Web

Benefits ( Inglês )

fornecido por Animal Diversity Web

Phoebes feed on some species of insects that are harmful.

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citação bibliográfica
Ivory, A. 1999. "Sayornis phoebe" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Sayornis_phoebe.html
autor
Alicia Ivory, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
Animal Diversity Web

Trophic Strategy ( Inglês )

fornecido por Animal Diversity Web

The Eastern Phoebe is predominantly insectivorous, consuming mostly flying insects such as wasps, ants, flies and wild bees. Invertebrates such as grasshoppers, airborn spiders, hairworms from the water and even small fishes from shallow water round out their diet. It has been observed that it can survive on fruit when insects are unavailable. Flycatching is its main means of obtaining food, usually done from a perch less than 10 meters off the ground. It also occasionally chases flying insects to the ground, pounces on insects on the ground, and picks insects from trees while hovering. Its most active foraging period occurs in the morning (Terres, 1980; Weeks, 1994).

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The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors
citação bibliográfica
Ivory, A. 1999. "Sayornis phoebe" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Sayornis_phoebe.html
autor
Alicia Ivory, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
original
visite a fonte
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Animal Diversity Web

Distribution ( Inglês )

fornecido por Animal Diversity Web

The breeding range of the Eastern Phoebe extends from northern Canada down into the southeastern U.S. It winters primarily in the southeastern U.S., with especially heavy concentrations in Texas and Florida. The winter range can also reach well into Mexico. It has only been recorded twice outside of North America, both times in 1987 in Great Britain (Weeks, 1994).

Biogeographic Regions: nearctic (Native )

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citação bibliográfica
Ivory, A. 1999. "Sayornis phoebe" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Sayornis_phoebe.html
autor
Alicia Ivory, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
Animal Diversity Web

Habitat ( Inglês )

fornecido por Animal Diversity Web

The Eastern Phoebe occurs in woodlands and in woody vegetation. They seem to prefer deciduous woodlands, and perhaps edge forest, and open habitats rather than mature or closed forests. There is some evidence that they prefer to be near water, but the availability of suitable nesting habitat limits them more often than preference (Weeks, 1994).

Terrestrial Biomes: forest

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citação bibliográfica
Ivory, A. 1999. "Sayornis phoebe" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Sayornis_phoebe.html
autor
Alicia Ivory, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
original
visite a fonte
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Animal Diversity Web

Life Expectancy ( Inglês )

fornecido por Animal Diversity Web

Average lifespan
Status: wild:
124 months.

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citação bibliográfica
Ivory, A. 1999. "Sayornis phoebe" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Sayornis_phoebe.html
autor
Alicia Ivory, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
Animal Diversity Web

Morphology ( Inglês )

fornecido por Animal Diversity Web

The Eastern Phoebe is medium-sized flycatcher, dull in coloration to blend in with its surrounding woodland habitat. It ranges from 142-168 mm, and the male is generally larger than the female. The plumage of the male also tends to be darker, but neither of these characteristics is a failsafe means of determining the bird's sex. The upperparts of the adults are olive or grayish-brown, and the underparts tend to be pale buff. Juveniles have white bars on their wings. The bill is black (Terres, 1980; Weeks, 1994).

Other Physical Features: endothermic ; bilateral symmetry

Average mass: 21.6 g.

Average basal metabolic rate: 0.3449 W.

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citação bibliográfica
Ivory, A. 1999. "Sayornis phoebe" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Sayornis_phoebe.html
autor
Alicia Ivory, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
Animal Diversity Web

Reproduction ( Inglês )

fornecido por Animal Diversity Web

The Eastern Phoebe is monogamous and usually double-brooded. Pair formation occurs quickly after they arrive on the breeding grounds in spring. No recurrent courtship displays have been documented. The female always initiates copulation, usually in the mornings only, during the male's pre-dawn song. After pairs are formed, nest-building begins immediately, which helps them to establish territory. The female chooses the nest site. She alone builds it, though the male is with her continuously while she builds, most likely guarding his mate. The nests are made of mud, moss, some leaves, and lined with fine grass, stems and hair. Phoebes often reuse nests, of their own species or another species, though never without renovating them first. They also often build over old eggs or dead young. The nests are always built with cover overhead. Suitable nesting habitat for Eastern Phoebes is limited, so there is strong site attachment in this species. Often the same pair will breed at the same site for several successive years. Eastern phoebes keep the same nest and same mate for both broods. The laying of the first clutch usually begins 7-14 days after the nest is complete. The clutch can be 2-6, but usually 5 eggs are laid. The eggs are white with little gloss, and they sometimes have a few reddish-brown dots on one end. Incubation lasts about 16 days, less for the second brood which occurs in summer. Incubation is carried out solely by the female, and the male does not feed her while she sits. Most eggs hatch within a 24-hour period, and the female removes the eggshells from the nest immediately afterwards. Though the chicks are able to fly by day 15, they usually do not fledge until day 16 or 18. Both males and females feed the young. The young are capable of breeding in their first year.

The Eastern Phoebe is strongly parasitized by the Brown-headed Cowbird. Cowbird females often remove phoebe eggs in the process of leaving their own, and the egg is rarely rejected by the phoebe female. In most of these nests only the cowbird egg hatches, but if the phoebe egg does hatch, it will do so a few days later and the phoebe chick will usually starve. The fledgling success of cowbirds in parasitized phoebe nests is about 60-70%, about the same rate of success as phoebes in unparasitized nests (Weeks, 1994).

Key Reproductive Features: iteroparous ; gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual ; oviparous

Average time to hatching: 16 days.

Average eggs per season: 5.

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citação bibliográfica
Ivory, A. 1999. "Sayornis phoebe" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Sayornis_phoebe.html
autor
Alicia Ivory, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
Animal Diversity Web

Sayornis phoebe

fornecido por DC Birds Brief Summaries

A sparrow-sized (6 ½ -7 inches) flycatcher, the Eastern Phoebe is most easily identified by its gray-green body, pale breast, and notched tail. This species is most easily distinguished from the similarly patterned Eastern Wood-Pewee (Contopus virens) by that species’ conspicuous white wing bars. Male and female Eastern Phoebes are similar to one another in all seasons. The Eastern Phoebe breeds across much of the northeastern United States and south-central Canada. In winter, this species may be found in the southeastern U.S. and northern Mexico. Eastern Phoebes are present all year in portions of the interior southeast and the Mid-Atlantic. Eastern Phoebes breed in a variety of forest habitats, including forests with deciduous trees, evergreen trees, or a mix of both. This species generally utilizes similarly-structured habitats in winter as in summer. Eastern Phoebes primarily eat small flying insects, but may also eat fruits and berries during the winter and on migration when insects are unavailable. In eastern forests in summer, the Eastern Phoebe may be most easily observed flying out from high perches to capture insect prey. This species may also be observed on a high perch singing its characteristic ‘phoe-be’ song. Eastern Phoebes are primarily active during the day.

Threat Status: Least Concern

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Smithsonian Institution
autor
Reid Rumelt
site do parceiro
DC Birds Brief Summaries

Sayornis phoebe ( Inglês )

fornecido por EOL authors

A sparrow-sized (6 ½ -7 inches) flycatcher, the Eastern Phoebe is most easily identified by its gray-green body, pale breast, and notched tail. This species is most easily distinguished from the similarly patterned Eastern Wood-Pewee (Contopus virens) by that species’ conspicuous white wing bars. Male and female Eastern Phoebes are similar to one another in all seasons. The Eastern Phoebe breeds across much of the northeastern United States and south-central Canada. In winter, this species may be found in the southeastern U.S. and northern Mexico. Eastern Phoebes are present all year in portions of the interior southeast and the Mid-Atlantic. Eastern Phoebes breed in a variety of forest habitats, including forests with deciduous trees, evergreen trees, or a mix of both. This species generally utilizes similarly-structured habitats in winter as in summer. Eastern Phoebes primarily eat small flying insects, but may also eat fruits and berries during the winter and on migration when insects are unavailable. In eastern forests in summer, the Eastern Phoebe may be most easily observed flying out from high perches to capture insect prey. This species may also be observed on a high perch singing its characteristic ‘phoe-be’ song. Eastern Phoebes are primarily active during the day.

Referências

  • Eastern Phoebe (Sayornis phoebe). The Internet Bird Collection. Lynx Edicions, n.d. Web. 20 July 2012.
  • Sayornis phoebe. Xeno-canto. Xeno-canto Foundation, n.d. Web. 20 July 2012.
  • Weeks Jr., Harmon P. 2011. Eastern Phoebe (Sayornis phoebe), The Birds of North America Online (A. Poole, Ed.). Ithaca: Cornell Lab of Ornithology; Retrieved from the Birds of North America Online: http://bna.birds.cornell.edu/bna/species/094
  • eBird Range Map - Eastern Phoebe. eBird. Cornell Lab of Ornithology, N.d. Web. 20 July 2012.

licença
cc-by-nc-sa-4.0
direitos autorais
Smithsonian Institution
citação bibliográfica
Rumelt, Reid B. Sayornis phoebe. June-July 2012. Brief natural history summary of Sayornis phoebe. Smithsonian's National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C.
autor
Robert Costello (kearins)
original
visite a fonte
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EOL authors

Comprehensive Description ( Inglês )

fornecido por Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology
Sayornis phoebe (Latham)

In the collections of the Western Foundation is a set of 4 eggs of this species with 1 of the dwarf cowbird (M. ater obscurus), taken at Marble Falls, Texas, 20 May 1940, by F. F. Nyc, Jr. Mr. Nyc informs us that in 1974 he found 2 more parasitized nests near Blanco, Texas. These 3 are the first records for the eastern phoebe as a victim of this subspecies of the parasite. The eastern phoebe has long been known to be very frequently parasitized by the eastern, nominate, race of the brown-headed cowbird.

Although over 600 records of this flycatcher as a cowbird victim have been reported, in only a few “source studies” were the totals given of the number of nests, parasitized or not, found by the reporters. One of us (Rothstein, 1975b) found 136 nests in Connecticut and Michigan. Of these, 28 (20.6 percent) were parasitized. A survey of published studies in which were given the total numbers of nests found, as well as the number with cowbird eggs or young, revealed another 358 nests, 64 of which (17.4 percent) were parasitized. Klaas (1975) has reported that parasitism occurred at 95 (24.3 percent) of 391 phoebe nests in Douglas County, Kansas, and Schukman (1974) noted 6 out of 66 nests (9.1 percent) were so affected in Ellis County, Kansas. Inasmuch as a fairly large part of these cases were early in the breeding season of the phoebe (Friedmann, 1929:207), and inasmuch as the incidence of parasitism probably decreases as the season progresses (Friedmann, 1963:51), it is likely that the early losses incurred by the host are offset by gains made later in the summer.

Cowbird parasitism is extremely deleterious to the eastern phoebe because of the great disparity in the incubation periods of the 2 species. The cowbirds generally hatch 4 to 6 days before the phoebes. Data on 19 parasitized nests followed to completion show that only 6 phoebes were fledged, a rate of 0.3 host young per parasitized nest (Rothstein, 1975b). Similarly, Klaas (1975:8) found that only 3 of 100 phoebe eggs resulted in fledglings in 39 nests in which 1 or more cowbird eggs hatched and which were not destroyed by predation, storms, or other factors which bring about loss of an entire nest. Besides these 3 host fledglings, parasitized nests produced another 26 phoebes, but all of these were from nests at which cowbird eggs failed to hatch. Considering all sources of mortality, 46.0 percent of 1203 phoebe eggs in unparasitized nests produced fledglings, while only 9.0 percent of 323 phoebe eggs in parasitized nests were productive. As for cowbird eggs in Klaas's study, 41.7 percent of 139 produced fledglings.

The frequency of parasitism on the phoebe varies greatly in adjoining and not dissimilar areas. Thus, in their detailed account of this flycatcher in Illinois, Graber, Graber, and Kirk (1974:24–26) state that while it is a common host choice in most of the state, with 29 percent of the nests parasitized in central Illinois, and 33 percent in a southern part (north of Franklin County), yet in one extreme southern area (south of Saline County), where 7 nests were studied, not a single one had any cowbird eggs or young. The collections of the Western Foundation contain 90 sets of eggs of this species, 10 of which (11.1 percent) have cowbird eggs with them. The nest records files at Cornell University have data on 2679 nests from all parts of the range of the eastern phoebe. Of these, only 121 (4.5 percent) were parasitized. The Ontario nest records at Toronto show that 91 (9.1 percent) of 995 nests reported were parasitized.

In the northwestern part of its range—Saskatchewan and Manitoba—the eastern phoebe appears to be seldom molested by the brown-headed cowbird; in the Prairie Nest Records at the Manitoba Museum there are data on 177 nests of this flycatcher, only 1 of which was parasitized.

SAY'S PHOEBE
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cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
citação bibliográfica
Friedmann, Herbert, Kiff, Lloyd F., and Rothstein, Stephen I. 1977. "A further contribution of knowledge of the host relations of the parasitic cowbirds." Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology. 1-75. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.235

Sayornis phoebe ( Asturiano )

fornecido por wikipedia AST
Map marker icon – Nicolas Mollet – Birds – Nature – white.png Les especies d'aves con nome común en llingua asturiana márquense como NOA. En casu contrariu, conséñase'l nome científicu o de la SEO.

Sayornis phoebe, tamién conocíu como bobito americanu, papamoscas fibí o papamoscas aveséu,[2] ye una especie d'ave paseriforme de la familia Tyrannidae orixinariu d'América del Norte.

Distribución

La so área de distribución estiéndese dende'l noroeste de Canadá hasta'l sur de Méxicu. Ye un ave migratoria, la so área d'ivernada inclúi'l sur d'Estaos Xuníos y Méxicu, tamién puede atopar dacuando en Cuba, Bermudes y Groenlandia y en rares ocasiones n'Europa Occidental.[1] Por cuenta de la so amplia gama de distribución ta clasificáu como preocupación menor pola IUCN.[1]

Galería


Referencies

  1. 1,0 1,1 1,2 BirdLife International (2012). «Sayornis phoebe» (inglés). Llista Roxa d'especies amenazaes de la UICN 2012.1.
  2. «Mosqueru Fibí (Sayornis phoebe) (Latham, 1790)». Avibase. Consultáu'l 18 de febreru de 2013.

Enllaces esternos

Protonotaria-citrea-002 edit.jpg Esta páxina forma parte del wikiproyeutu Aves, un esfuerciu collaborativu col fin d'ameyorar y organizar tolos conteníos rellacionaos con esti tema. Visita la páxina d'alderique del proyeutu pa collaborar y facer entrugues o suxerencies.
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Wikipedia authors and editors
original
visite a fonte
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wikipedia AST

Sayornis phoebe: Brief Summary ( Asturiano )

fornecido por wikipedia AST
Sayornis phoebe Map marker icon – Nicolas Mollet – Birds – Nature – white.png Les especies d'aves con nome común en llingua asturiana márquense como NOA. En casu contrariu, conséñase'l nome científicu o de la SEO.

Sayornis phoebe, tamién conocíu como bobito americanu, papamoscas fibí o papamoscas aveséu, ye una especie d'ave paseriforme de la familia Tyrannidae orixinariu d'América del Norte.

licença
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direitos autorais
Wikipedia authors and editors
original
visite a fonte
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wikipedia AST

Papamosques fibi gris ( Catalão; Valenciano )

fornecido por wikipedia CA

El papamosques fibi gris[1] (Sayornis phoebe) és un ocell de la família dels tirànids (Tyrannidae) que habita boscos poc espessos i matolls, normalment a prop de l'aigua, des del nord-est de la Colúmbia Britànica cap a l'est, a través del sud-est de Canadà fins Nova Brunsvic i Nova Escòcia, i cap al sud a tot l'ample dels Estats Units a l'est de les Muntanyes Rocalloses.

Referències

 src= A Wikimedia Commons hi ha contingut multimèdia relatiu a: Papamosques fibi gris Modifica l'enllaç a Wikidata
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Autors i editors de Wikipedia
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wikipedia CA

Papamosques fibi gris: Brief Summary ( Catalão; Valenciano )

fornecido por wikipedia CA

El papamosques fibi gris (Sayornis phoebe) és un ocell de la família dels tirànids (Tyrannidae) que habita boscos poc espessos i matolls, normalment a prop de l'aigua, des del nord-est de la Colúmbia Britànica cap a l'est, a través del sud-est de Canadà fins Nova Brunsvic i Nova Escòcia, i cap al sud a tot l'ample dels Estats Units a l'est de les Muntanyes Rocalloses.

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Autors i editors de Wikipedia
original
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wikipedia CA

Ffebi’r Dwyrain ( Galês )

fornecido por wikipedia CY

Aderyn a rhywogaeth o adar yw Ffebi’r Dwyrain (sy'n enw benywaidd; enw lluosog: ffebi’r Dwyrain) a adnabyddir hefyd gyda'i enw gwyddonol Sayornis phoebe; yr enw Saesneg arno yw Eastern phoebe. Mae'n perthyn i deulu'r Teyrn-wybedogion (Lladin: Tyrannidae) sydd yn urdd y Passeriformes.[1] Dyma aderyn sydd i'w gael yng ngwledydd Prydain, ond nid yng Nghymru.

Talfyrir yr enw Lladin yn aml yn S. phoebe, sef enw'r rhywogaeth.[2]

Teulu

Mae'r ffebi’r Dwyrain yn perthyn i deulu'r Teyrn-wybedogion (Lladin: Tyrannidae). Dyma rai o aelodau eraill y teulu:

Rhestr Wicidata:

rhywogaeth enw tacson delwedd Gwybedog bronwinau’r Gogledd Aphanotriccus capitalis Gwybedog pigddu Aphanotriccus audax Teyrn corunllwyd Attila bolivianus
Attila bolivianus - White-eyed attila, Careiro da Várzea, Amazonas, Brazil.jpg
Teyrn cycyllog Attila rufus
Attila rufus -Reserva Guainumbi, Sao Luis do Paraitinga, Sao Paulo, Brasil-8.jpg
Teyrn gwinau mawr Attila cinnamomeus
Cinnamon Attila.jpg
Teyrn gylfingam y De Oncostoma olivaceum
Southern Bentbill.jpg
Teyrn gylfingam y Gogledd Oncostoma cinereigulare
Northern Bentbill (Oncostoma cinereigulare) (5771914809).jpg
Teyrn melyngoch Attila torridus Teyrn tinfelyn Attila spadiceus
Attila spadiceus.jpg
Teyrn torfelyn Attila citriniventris
Attila citriniventris - Citron-bellied Attila; Careiro, Amazonas, Brazil.jpg
Diwedd y rhestr a gynhyrchwyd yn otomatig o Wicidata.

Gweler hefyd

Cyfeiriadau

  1. Gwefan Cymdeithas Edward Llwyd; adalwyd 30 Medi 2016.
  2. Gwefan Avibase; adalwyd 3 Hydref 2016.
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Awduron a golygyddion Wikipedia
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wikipedia CY

Ffebi’r Dwyrain: Brief Summary ( Galês )

fornecido por wikipedia CY

Aderyn a rhywogaeth o adar yw Ffebi’r Dwyrain (sy'n enw benywaidd; enw lluosog: ffebi’r Dwyrain) a adnabyddir hefyd gyda'i enw gwyddonol Sayornis phoebe; yr enw Saesneg arno yw Eastern phoebe. Mae'n perthyn i deulu'r Teyrn-wybedogion (Lladin: Tyrannidae) sydd yn urdd y Passeriformes. Dyma aderyn sydd i'w gael yng ngwledydd Prydain, ond nid yng Nghymru.

Talfyrir yr enw Lladin yn aml yn S. phoebe, sef enw'r rhywogaeth.

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Awduron a golygyddion Wikipedia
original
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wikipedia CY

Tyranovec domácí ( Checo )

fornecido por wikipedia CZ

Tyranovec domácí (Sayornis phoebe) je malý druh pěvce z čeledi tyranovitých (Tyrannidae). Hnízdí v otevřených lesích, na jejich okrajích, hospodářské půdě a v předměstských oblastech na východě Severní Ameriky. Je tažný, zimuje na jihu Spojených států a ve Střední Americe.

Dorůstá 12–16 cm, svrchu je šedohnědý a ze spodní strany bílý nebo šedý. Živí se zejména hmyzem, který často loví v letu; v menší míře požírá také bobule a ovoce. Hnízdo buduje ve skalních štěrbinách nebo na stavbách, např. na mostech či domech. V jedné snůšce bývá 3–8 světlých vajec, na kterých sedí po dobu 16 dnů. O mláďata pečují oba rodiče. Hnízdí obvykle 2× ročně. Často se také stává obětí hnízdního parazitismu ze strany vlhovce hnědohlavého (Molothrus ater).

 src=
Hnízdo tyranovce domácího s vejcem vlhovce hnědohlavého

Reference

V tomto článku byl použit překlad textu z článku Eastern Phoebe na anglické Wikipedii.

  1. Červený seznam IUCN 2018.1. 5. července 2018. Dostupné online. [cit. 2018-08-10]

Literatura

  • KHOLOVÁ, Helena (autorka českého překladu). Ptáci. Praha: Euromedia Group, k. s., 2008. ISBN 9788024222356.

Externí odkazy

Pahýl
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Tyranovec domácí: Brief Summary ( Checo )

fornecido por wikipedia CZ

Tyranovec domácí (Sayornis phoebe) je malý druh pěvce z čeledi tyranovitých (Tyrannidae). Hnízdí v otevřených lesích, na jejich okrajích, hospodářské půdě a v předměstských oblastech na východě Severní Ameriky. Je tažný, zimuje na jihu Spojených států a ve Střední Americe.

Dorůstá 12–16 cm, svrchu je šedohnědý a ze spodní strany bílý nebo šedý. Živí se zejména hmyzem, který často loví v letu; v menší míře požírá také bobule a ovoce. Hnízdo buduje ve skalních štěrbinách nebo na stavbách, např. na mostech či domech. V jedné snůšce bývá 3–8 světlých vajec, na kterých sedí po dobu 16 dnů. O mláďata pečují oba rodiče. Hnízdí obvykle 2× ročně. Často se také stává obětí hnízdního parazitismu ze strany vlhovce hnědohlavého (Molothrus ater).

 src= Hnízdo tyranovce domácího s vejcem vlhovce hnědohlavého
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Weißbauch-Phoebetyrann ( Alemão )

fornecido por wikipedia DE
 src=
Nestlinge des Weißbauch-Phoebetyrannen

Der Weißbauch-Phoebetyrann (Sayornis phoebe) ist ein amerikanischer Schreivogel. Der Name der langschwänzigen Tyrannen stammt von dem im Sommer sowohl von Männchen als auch von Weibchen ständig vorgetragenen, zweisilbigen Gesang ("fii-bii"). Auf Englisch klingt das ähnlich wie der Frauenname Phoebe.

Merkmale

Der Weißbauch-Phoebetyrann erreicht eine Körperlänge von 14 bis 17 Zentimetern und eine Flügelspannweite von 26 bis 28 Zentimetern. Sein Gewicht liegt zwischen 16 und 21 Gramm. Es besteht kein nennenswerter Geschlechtsdimorphismus, außer dass die Weibchen eher ein wenig kleiner als die Männchen bleiben.

Die Kehle sowie die Brust und der Bauch sind weißlich gefärbt, was auch zur deutschsprachigen Namensgebung geführt hat. Seitlich zeigt die Brust einen hellgrauen Übergang zum graubraun bis olivbraun gefärbten Obergefieder. Die Flügel können, besonders im Herbst, weißliche Säume zeigen. Der Kopf wirkt im Verhältnis zum Körper groß und hat eine etwas dunklere Braunfärbung als das umgebende Gefieder. Der Schnabel ist kurz, dünn und spitz und damit zum Ergreifen von Insekten gut geeignet. Er ist wie die Beine schwarz gefärbt. Der Augenring und die Iris sind ebenfalls schwarz.[1]

Verbreitung und Lebensraum

Die Brutgebiete des Weißbauch-Phoebetyrannen liegen im Osten der Vereinigten Staaten und im südöstlichen bis zentralen Kanada.[2] Aus den nördlichen Verbreitungsgebieten zieht er im September und November in seine Winterquartiere in Mexiko und im Süden der USA. Er gilt als einer der ersten Zugvögel, die innerhalb Nordamerikas im Frühjahr wieder in ihre Brutgebiete zurückkehren.[3] Im südöstlichen Verbreitungsgebiet innerhalb der USA bleibt er ganzjährig im Brutgebiet.

Der Weißbauch-Phoebetyrann gilt als Kulturfolger, da viele vom Menschen errichtete Strukturen wie Mauervorsprünge, Regenrinnen, Brücken oder Abzugskanäle seinen Nistgewohnheiten entgegenkommen. Vor der dichten Besiedlung Nordamerikas durch den Menschen, errichtete er seine Nester auf geschützten Felsvorsprüngen. Der Weißbauch-Phoebetyrann ähnelt damit in seinen Ansprüchen der Rauchschwalbe, deren verlassene Nester er zuweilen benutzt.

Der Weißbauch-Phoebetyrann braucht bewaldete Gebiete mit dichtem Unterholz und Gewässern in der Nähe seines Nests. Dieses Habitat bietet im Schutz und Tarnung sowie Ansitze, von denen aus er Jagd auf Insekten machen kann.[3]

Lebensweise

Die Weißbauch-Phoebetyrannen leben meist als Einzelgänger. Nur in der Paarungszeit treffen die beiden Geschlechter aufeinander und bleiben eine Saison lang zusammen, sie sind aber nur selten als Pärchen zu sehen. Wie alle Vertreter der Vogelfamilie der Tyrannen verteidigt auch der Weißbauch-Phoebetyrann sein Revier mit lautem Schreien und gewagten Flugmanövern gegen Eindringlinge, auch wenn diese wesentlich größer sind als er.

Die Jagd nach fliegenden Insekten findet vom Ansitz aus statt. Im Winter werden auch Früchte und Samen gefressen.

Fortpflanzung

 src=
Ein Ei des Braunkopf-Kuhstärlings im Nest des Weißbauch-Phoebetyrannen

Das Nest ist napfförmig und wird vom Weibchen mit Schlamm und Pflanzenmaterial unter Brücken oder an Gebäuden gebaut. Das Gelege umfasst 3–5 Eier, diese sind weißlich und haben manchmal braune Sprenkel auf der breiteren Seite des Eis.[3] Braunkopf-Kuhstärlinge legen ihre Eier oft in die Nester des Weißbauch-Phoebetyrannen.

Forschungsgeschichte

Der erste Vogel, der in Nordamerika beringt wurde, war ein Weißbauch-Phoebetyrann. Der Ornithologe John James Audubon beringte ihn 1804, um seine jährliche Rückkehr ins Brutgebiet nachweisen zu können.[3] Die Beringung kann auch Aufschluss über die Lebensdauer der Vögel geben. So wurde im Jahr 1989 in der kanadischen Provinz Alberta ein Weißbauch-Phoebetyrann gefunden, der 10 Jahre zuvor in Iowa im Alter von vier Monaten beringt worden war.[4]

Einzelnachweise

  1. Eastern Phoebe (Sayornis phoebe), Beschreibung, bei All About Birds, Cornell Lab of Ornithology. Abgerufen am 22. Oktober 2013.
  2. Videos, Fotos und Tonaufnahmen zu Eastern Phoebe (Sayornis-phoebe) in der Internet Bird Collection
  3. a b c d Eastern Phoebe (Sayornis phoebe), Lebensweise, bei All About Birds, Cornell Lab of Ornithology. Abgerufen am 22. Oktober 2013.
  4. Longevity Records Of North American Birds, Lebensspannen von Vögeln in Nordamerika, zusammengestellt vom Patuxent Wildlife Research Center des USGS, Stand: Mai 2013. Abgerufen am 22. Oktober 2013
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Weißbauch-Phoebetyrann: Brief Summary ( Alemão )

fornecido por wikipedia DE
 src= Nestlinge des Weißbauch-Phoebetyrannen

Der Weißbauch-Phoebetyrann (Sayornis phoebe) ist ein amerikanischer Schreivogel. Der Name der langschwänzigen Tyrannen stammt von dem im Sommer sowohl von Männchen als auch von Weibchen ständig vorgetragenen, zweisilbigen Gesang ("fii-bii"). Auf Englisch klingt das ähnlich wie der Frauenname Phoebe.

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wikipedia DE

Eastern phoebe ( Inglês )

fornecido por wikipedia EN

The eastern phoebe (Sayornis phoebe) is a small passerine bird. The genus name Sayornis is constructed from the specific part of Charles Lucien Bonaparte's name for Say's phoebe, Muscicapa saya, and Ancient Greek ornis, "bird".[2] Phoebe is an alternative name for the Roman moon-goddess Diana, but it may also have been chosen to imitate the bird's call.[3]

Description

Measurements:[4]

  • Length: 5.5-6.7 in (14-17 cm)
  • Weight: 0.6-0.7 oz (16-21 g)
  • Wingspan: 10.2-11.0 in (26-28 cm)

This species appears remarkably big-headed, especially if it puffs up the small crest. Its plumage is gray-brown above. It has a white throat, dirty gray breast and buffish underparts which become whiter during the breeding season. Two indistinct buff bars are present on each wing. Its lack of an eye ring and wingbars, and its all dark bill distinguish it from other North American tyrant flycatchers, and it pumps its tail up and down like other phoebes when perching on a branch. The eastern phoebe's call is a sharp chip, and the song, from which it gets its name, is fee-bee.

The eastern wood pewee (Contopus virens) is extremely similar in appearance. It lacks the buff hue usually present on the lighter parts of the eastern phoebe's plumage, and thus has always clearly defined and contrasting wing-bars. It also does not bob its tail habitually, and appears on the breeding grounds much later though it leaves for winter quarters at about the same time as the eastern phoebe.[5]

It often nests on human structures such as bridges and buildings. Nesting activity may start as early as the first days of April.[6] The nest is an open cup with a mud base and lined with moss and grass, built in crevice in a rock or man-made site; two to six eggs are laid. Both parents feed the young and usually raise two broods per year. The eastern phoebe is occasionally host to the nest-parasitic brown-headed cowbird (Molothrus ater).

Habitat

Eastern phoebes are highly adaptable to urban environments. They are primarily found in wooded areas, particularly streamsides, and farmlands. Eastern phoebes tend to avoid open areas and choose spots beneath trees, brushy areas or overhangs. However, during migration in winters or in breeding season they are frequently seen around the edges of woods and other areas where water sources are abundant.[7]

Breeding

The eastern phoebe breeds in eastern North America excluding the southeastern coastal United States. The breeding habitat is open woodland, farmland and suburbs, often near water. This phoebe is insectivorous, and often perches conspicuously when seeking food items. It also eats fruits and berries in cooler weather.

Migration

It is migratory, wintering in the southernmost United States and Central America. It is a very rare vagrant to western Europe. This is one of the first birds to return to the breeding grounds in spring and one of the last to leave in the fall. They arrive for breeding in mid-late March, but they return to winter quarters around the same time when other migrant songbirds do, in September and early October; migration times have stayed the same in the last 100 years.[6][5] The increase in trees throughout the Great Plains during the past century due to fire suppression and tree planting facilitated a western range expansion of the eastern phoebe[8] as well as range expansions of many other species of birds.[9][10][11]

In literature

Phoebes appear in the poem "The Need of being Versed in Country Things", published in 1923 by Robert Frost. The poem describes phoebes nesting inside a barn on a farm abandoned after the farmhouse burned to the ground. The poem ends "One had to be versed in country things/Not to believe the phoebes wept."

They also appear in the Mary Oliver poem “The Messenger.”

Photo gallery

References

  1. ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Sayornis phoebe". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22699886A93753946. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22699886A93753946.en. Retrieved 13 November 2021.
  2. ^ Jobling, James A (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 349. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
  3. ^ "Phoebe". Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)
  4. ^ "Eastern Phoebe Identification, All About Birds, Cornell Lab of Ornithology". www.allaboutbirds.org. Retrieved 2020-09-27.
  5. ^ a b Ohio Ornithological Society (2004): Annotated Ohio state checklist Archived July 18, 2004, at the Wayback Machine.
  6. ^ a b Henninger, W.F. (1906). "A preliminary list of the birds of Seneca County, Ohio" (PDF). Wilson Bull. 18 (2): 47–60.
  7. ^ "Eastern Phoebe: Description, Pictures, & Fun Facts". 2021-12-25. Retrieved 2022-02-08.
  8. ^ Weeks HP. 1994. Eastern Phoebe (Sayornis phoebe), no. 94. In: A. Poole (ed.). The Birds of North America Online. Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, New York.
  9. ^ Livezey KB. 2009a. Range expansion of Barred Owls, part I: chronology and distribution. American Midland Naturalist 161:49–56.
  10. ^ Livezey KB. 2009b. Range expansion of Barred Owls, part 2: facilitating ecological changes. American Midland Naturalist 161:323–349.
  11. ^ Livezey, Kent B. (December 2010). "Killing Barred Owls to Help Spotted Owls II: Implications for Many Other Range-Expanding Species". Northwestern Naturalist. 91 (3): 251–270. doi:10.1898/nwn09-38.1. ISSN 1051-1733. S2CID 85425945.

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Eastern phoebe: Brief Summary ( Inglês )

fornecido por wikipedia EN

The eastern phoebe (Sayornis phoebe) is a small passerine bird. The genus name Sayornis is constructed from the specific part of Charles Lucien Bonaparte's name for Say's phoebe, Muscicapa saya, and Ancient Greek ornis, "bird". Phoebe is an alternative name for the Roman moon-goddess Diana, but it may also have been chosen to imitate the bird's call.

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Orienta febo ( Esperanto )

fornecido por wikipedia EO
 src=
Orienta febo Houston (Teksaso)

La Orienta febo (Sayornis phoebe) estas malgranda paserina birdo. Tiu membro de la familio de Tiranedoj reproduktiĝas en orienta Nordameriko, kvankam ties normala teritorio ne inkludas la sudorientan marbordon de Usono.

Ĝi estas migranta, kaj vintras en plej suda Usono kaj Centrameriko. Ĝi estas tre rara vaganto en okcidentan Eŭropon.

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Sayornis phoebe ( Espanhol; Castelhano )

fornecido por wikipedia ES

El mosquero fibí[2]​ (Sayornis phoebe), también conocido como bobito americano, papamoscas fibí o papamoscas sombrío,[3]​ es una especie de ave paseriforme de la familia Tyrannidae originario de América del Norte.

Distribución

Su área de distribución se extiende desde el noroeste de Canadá hasta el sur de México. Es un ave migratoria, su área de invernada incluye el sur de Estados Unidos y México, también puede ser encontrado ocasionalmente en Cuba, Bermudas y Groenlandia y en raras ocasiones en Europa Occidental.[1]​ Debido a su amplia gama de distribución está clasificado como preocupación menor por la IUCN.[1]

Galería

Referencias

  1. a b c BirdLife International (2012). «Sayornis phoebe». Lista Roja de especies amenazadas de la UICN 2012.1 (en inglés). ISSN 2307-8235. Consultado el 18 de febrero de 2013.
  2. Bernis, F; De Juana, E; Del Hoyo, J; Fernández-Cruz, M; Ferrer, X; Sáez-Royuela, R; Sargatal, J (2004). «Nombres en castellano de las aves del mundo recomendados por la Sociedad Española de Ornitología (Novena parte: Orden Passeriformes, Familias Cotingidae a Motacillidae)». Ardeola. Handbook of the Birds of the World (Madrid: SEO/BirdLife) 51 (2): 491-499. ISSN 0570-7358. Consultado el 18 de febrero de 2013.
  3. «Mosquero Fibí (Sayornis phoebe) (Latham, 1790)». Avibase. Consultado el 18 de febrero de 2013.

 title=
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Sayornis phoebe: Brief Summary ( Espanhol; Castelhano )

fornecido por wikipedia ES

El mosquero fibí​ (Sayornis phoebe), también conocido como bobito americano, papamoscas fibí o papamoscas sombrío,​ es una especie de ave paseriforme de la familia Tyrannidae originario de América del Norte.

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Autores y editores de Wikipedia
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Sayornis phoebe ( Basco )

fornecido por wikipedia EU

Sayornis phoebe Sayornis generoko animalia da. Hegaztien barruko Tyrannidae familian sailkatua dago.

Erreferentziak

  1. (Ingelesez)BirdLife International (2012) Species factsheet. www.birdlife.org webgunetitik jaitsia 2012/05/07an
  2. (Ingelesez) IOC Master List

Kanpo estekak

Ikus, gainera

(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
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Sayornis phoebe: Brief Summary ( Basco )

fornecido por wikipedia EU

Sayornis phoebe Sayornis generoko animalia da. Hegaztien barruko Tyrannidae familian sailkatua dago.

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Harmaafiivi ( Finlandês )

fornecido por wikipedia FI

Harmaafiivi (Sayornis phoebe) on Pohjois-Amerikassa pesivä tyranneihin kuuluva varpuslintu. Sen selkä ja siivet ovat ruskehtavan harmaita ja vatsa harmahtavan valkoinen. Lajia tavataan erityisesti vesistöjen lähellä olevissa metsissä, ja se on muuttolintu, joka talvehtii Yhdysvaltain luoteisosissa ja Meksikossa. Se syö pääasiassa lentäviä hyönteisiä. Laji on yksiavioinen ja munii 2–6 munaa.

Koko ja ulkonäkö

Kooltaan harmaafiivi on 12–16 cm. Selästään ja siivistään harmaafiivi on ruskehtavan harmaa ja pää on hieman muuta yläruumista tummempi. Koiras on yleensä hieman naarasta kookkaampi ja väriltään tummempi. Linnun vatsa on väriltään harmahtavan valkoinen. Nuorilla harmaafiiveillä on siivissä aikuisia selkeämmät valkoiset siipijuovat ja vatsassa keltaista väriä.[2][3][4][5]

Levinneisyys ja elinympäristö

Pesivänä harmaafiiviä tavataan Kanadan pohjois- ja keskiosista etelään Yhdysvaltojen itärannikoiden osavaltioihin. Laji talvehtii Yhdysvaltain luoteisosissa ja Meksikossa. Yhdysvalloissa muuttavat linnut lähtevät talvehtimisalueilleen lokakuussa ja saapuvat maaliskuussa. Linnun elinympäristöä ovat lehtimetsät ja metsien reunamaat. Erityisesti harmaafiiviä tavataan vesialueiden läheisyydessä kasvavista metsistä.[2][4][6][3]

Elintavat

Harmaafiivit liikkuvat yleensä yksinään. Laji syö pääasiassa lentäviä hyönteisiä, kuten mehiläisiä, ampiaisia ja kärpäsiä, joita se pyydystää ilmasta. Aktiivisimmillaan se hankkii ravintonsa aamuisin. Talvikaudella sen ravinnosta viidesosaa koostuu sumakkien, myrkkymuratin, mistelin ja suomyrttikasvien marjoista.[4][6]

 src=
Harmaafiivin pesä, jossa myös yksi lehmäturpiaalin muna

Harmaafiivit ovat yksiavioisia ja pesimäkaudella samalla parilla voi olla kaksi pesintää. Koiras esittelee naaraille mahdollisia pesäpaikkoja, jonka naaras sitten valitsee. Usein linnut käyttävät samaa pesää useampina vuosina peräkkäin. Naaras rakentaa pesän mudasta, sammalista ja heinistä usein rakennuksiin tai siltoihin. Naaras munii yleensä kahdesta kuuteen valkoista munaa, joissa voi olla punaruskeita pilkkuja. Naaras hautoo munia hieman yli kaksi viikkoa, ja myös koiras osallistuu poikasten ruokintaan. Lehmäturpiaalit munivat usein oman munansa harmaafiivien pesään.[4][6][2][3]

 src=
Harmaafiivin poikasia

Lähteet

  1. BirdLife International: Sayornis phoebe IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. 2012. International Union for Conservation of Nature, IUCN, Iucnredlist.org. Viitattu 25.2.2014. (englanniksi)
  2. a b c Bird: The Definitive Visual Guide, s. 343. Dorling Kindersley, 2007. ISBN 978-1-4053-4585-9. (englanniksi)
  3. a b c Eastern Phoebe All About Birds. Cornell Lab of Ornithology. Viitattu 20.11.2010. (englanniksi)
  4. a b c d Alicia Ivory: Sayornis phoebe Animal Diversity Web. Viitattu 20.11.2010. (englanniksi)
  5. Pete Dunne: Pete Dunne's essential field guide companion, s. 405. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2006. ISBN 978-0618236480. Kirja Googlen teoshaussa (viitattu 20.9.2010). (englanniksi)
  6. a b c Gregory Gough: Eastern Phoebe Smithsonian National Zoological Park. Viitattu 20.11.2010. (englanniksi)
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Harmaafiivi: Brief Summary ( Finlandês )

fornecido por wikipedia FI

Harmaafiivi (Sayornis phoebe) on Pohjois-Amerikassa pesivä tyranneihin kuuluva varpuslintu. Sen selkä ja siivet ovat ruskehtavan harmaita ja vatsa harmahtavan valkoinen. Lajia tavataan erityisesti vesistöjen lähellä olevissa metsissä, ja se on muuttolintu, joka talvehtii Yhdysvaltain luoteisosissa ja Meksikossa. Se syö pääasiassa lentäviä hyönteisiä. Laji on yksiavioinen ja munii 2–6 munaa.

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original
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wikipedia FI

Moucherolle phébi ( Francês )

fornecido por wikipedia FR

Sayornis phoebe

Le Moucherolle phébi (Sayornis phoebe) est une espèce d'oiseau appartenant à la famille des Tyrannidae.

Description

Le moucherolle phébi a le dos, les scapulaires, la petite couverture, le croupion et le dessus des ailes de queue olive grisâtre clair. La queue est brun grisâtre foncé avec l'extérieur des rectrices bordé d'olive grisâtre pâle variant à l'olive blanchâtre. Les ailes sont foncées avec l'extrémité olive grisâtre plus visible sur la grande couverture et les secondaires avec une bande plus large et plus blanchâtre à l'intérieur de ces dernières. Les côtés de la tête et la nuque sont brun noir de suie, les lores (spécialement sur le haut) et le bas du contour de l'œil mélangés de blanchâtre terne, le côté de la nuque est identique au dos mais légèrement plus pâle. Le dessous est blanc jaunâtre terne avec le menton (parfois le haut de la gorge) plus ou moins mélangé de grisâtre foncé. Les côtés de la poitrine sont olive grisâtre clair. Le dessus des ailes est blanc jaunâtre ou jaune pamplemousse pâle, teinté de grisâtre pâle, avec le centre grisâtre foncé, l'intérieur des rémiges est bordé de chamois grisâtre très pâle[1].

Répartition

 src=
Carte de répartition
  • Aire de nidification
  • Voie migratoire
  • Présent à l'année
  • Aire d'hivernage

Le moucherolle phébi se rencontre aux Bahamas, au Belize, au Canada, aux États-Unis, au Mexique, de passage à Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon, aux îles Turks-et-Caïcos[2].

Habitat

Cette espèce fréquente les forêts ouvertes avec des arbres éparpillés et des terres agricoles, de préférence près de cours d'eau[3].

Nidification

L'espèce pond 3 à 6 œufs blanc pur, quelquefois tachés de brun, dans un nid fait de boue et de mousse accroché à un côté d'un rocher ou sous un pont[4].

Reproduction

Le moucherolle phébi se reproduit dans le nord-est de la Colombie-Britannique, au centre-ouest et au sud des monts Mackenzie, au nord du Saskatchewan, au nord du Manitoba, à l'ouest et au centre de l'Ontario, au sud-ouest du Québec, au centre du Nouveau-Brunswick, du sud de la Nouvelle-Ecosse au sud de l'Alberta, au sud-ouest du Dakota du sud, au sud-est du Colorado, au centre du Nouveau-Mexique, au centre et au nord-est du Texas, au nord-ouest de la Louisiane, en Arkansas, au sud-ouest du Tennessee, au nord-est du Mississippi, au centre de l'Alabama, au nord de la Géorgie à l'ouest de la Caroline du sud et en Caroline du nord.
Il passe les hivers au centre du Texas, dans le désert du Chihuahua, dans les états bordant le Golfe du Mexique, en Virginie, au sud de la Floride et au Mexique (état d'Oaxaca et de Veracruz). Occasionnellement, il hiverne en Oklahoma, au sud du Missouri, dans la vallée de l'Ohio, au sud de l'Ontario et en Nouvelle-Angleterre[3].

Sous-espèces

D'après la classification de référence (version 7.2, 2017) du Congrès ornithologique international, cette espèce ne compte pas de sous-espèces.

Galerie d'images

Notes et références

  1. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 1907, p. 594-595
  2. http://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/eastern-phoebe-sayornis-phoebe
  3. a et b Check-list of North American birds : the species of birds of North America from the Arctic through Panama, including the West Indies and Hawaiian Islands prepared by the Committee on Classification and Nomenclature of the American Ornithologists' Union, 1983, p. 457
  4. American birds, studied and photographed from life by William Lovell Finley ; illustrated from photographs by Herman T. Bohlman and the author, 1907, p. 195
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wikipedia FR

Moucherolle phébi: Brief Summary ( Francês )

fornecido por wikipedia FR

Sayornis phoebe

Le Moucherolle phébi (Sayornis phoebe) est une espèce d'oiseau appartenant à la famille des Tyrannidae.

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Phoebe (vogel) ( Neerlandês; Flamengo )

fornecido por wikipedia NL

Vogels

De phoebe (Sayornis phoebe) is een zangvogel uit de familie Tyrannidae (Tirannen).

Kenmerken

De lichaamslengte bedraagt 18 cm.

Leefwijze

Zijn voedsel bestaat voornamelijk uit insecten. Bij de jacht op vliegen, bidt de vogel kort boven water.

Verspreiding en leefgebied

Deze soort komt voor in de VS, Canada en Mexico. Vogels in het noorden van het verspreidingsgebied zijn trekvogels die 's winters zuidelijker verblijven.

Het leefgebied bestaat uit half open landschappen met bos, agrarisch gebied, buitenwijken en vaak in de buurt van beken en riviertjes.

Status

De phoebe heeft een groot verspreidingsgebied en daardoor alleen al is de kans op de status kwetsbaar (voor uitsterven) uiterst gering. De grootte van de populatie is niet gekwantificeerd, maar neemt toe. Om deze redenen staat de phoebe als niet bedreigd op de Rode Lijst van de IUCN.[1]

Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
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Phoebe (vogel): Brief Summary ( Neerlandês; Flamengo )

fornecido por wikipedia NL

De phoebe (Sayornis phoebe) is een zangvogel uit de familie Tyrannidae (Tirannen).

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Fibik oliwkowy ( Polonês )

fornecido por wikipedia POL
Commons Multimedia w Wikimedia Commons

Fibik oliwkowy (Sayornis phoebe) – gatunek ptaka z rodziny tyrankowatych (Tyrannidae). Pierwsza tyranka wiosną powracająca nad strumienie, w pobliże mostów i farm, gdzie gniazduje. Siedząc wyprostowana, kiwa ogonem.

Ze stanów Alabama, Georgia, Tennessee i Wirginia wykazano szczątki kopalne fibika oliwkowego, łącznie datowane na wiek 126–12 tys. lat[3].

Wygląd
Wierzch szarawoczarny. Głowa, skrzydła i ogon nieco ciemniejsze niż grzbiet. Spód białawy z jasnożółtym nalotem. Dziób czarny. Obie płci podobne. U młodych ptaków rdzawe paski na skrzydłach, żółty odcień na spodzie ciała.
Rozmiary
Długość ciała 16–18 cm.
Zasięg, środowisko
Wschodnia, środkowa i północno-zachodnia część Ameryki Północnej. Zimę spędza w południowo-wschodniej i południowo-środkowej części Ameryki Północnej.

Przypisy

  1. Sayornis phoebe, w: Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ang.).
  2. BirdLife International 2012, Sayornis phoebe [w:] The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2015 [online], wersja 2014.3 [dostęp 2015-02-28] (ang.).
  3. Sayornis phoebe. Fossilworks. [dostęp 15 sierpnia 2014].

Bibliografia

  1. Wiesław Dudziński, Marek Keller, Andrew Gosler: Atlas ptaków świata. Warszawa: Oficyna Wydawnicza Multico, 1994. ISBN 83-7073-059-0.
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Fibik oliwkowy: Brief Summary ( Polonês )

fornecido por wikipedia POL

Fibik oliwkowy (Sayornis phoebe) – gatunek ptaka z rodziny tyrankowatych (Tyrannidae). Pierwsza tyranka wiosną powracająca nad strumienie, w pobliże mostów i farm, gdzie gniazduje. Siedząc wyprostowana, kiwa ogonem.

Ze stanów Alabama, Georgia, Tennessee i Wirginia wykazano szczątki kopalne fibika oliwkowego, łącznie datowane na wiek 126–12 tys. lat.

Wygląd Wierzch szarawoczarny. Głowa, skrzydła i ogon nieco ciemniejsze niż grzbiet. Spód białawy z jasnożółtym nalotem. Dziób czarny. Obie płci podobne. U młodych ptaków rdzawe paski na skrzydłach, żółty odcień na spodzie ciała. Rozmiary Długość ciała 16–18 cm. Zasięg, środowisko Wschodnia, środkowa i północno-zachodnia część Ameryki Północnej. Zimę spędza w południowo-wschodniej i południowo-środkowej części Ameryki Północnej.
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wikipedia POL

Sayornis phoebe ( Português )

fornecido por wikipedia PT

Sayornis phoebe é uma espécie de ave da família Tyrannidae. É encontrada no América do Norte.[1]

Referências

  1. Henninger, W.F. (1906). "A preliminary list of the birds of Seneca County, Ohio" (PDF). Wilson Bull. 18 (2): 47–60.
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Sayornis phoebe: Brief Summary ( Português )

fornecido por wikipedia PT

Sayornis phoebe é uma espécie de ave da família Tyrannidae. É encontrada no América do Norte.

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Östfibi ( Sueco )

fornecido por wikipedia SV

Östfibi[2] (Sayornis phoebe) är en nordamerikansk fågel i familjen tyranner inom ordningen tättingar.[3]

Kännetecken

Utseende

Östfibin är en 14-17 centimeter lång tyrann, rätt satt, storhövdad och med medellång stjärt och kort, tunn näbb. Ovansidan är brungrå, undersidan smutsvit, sotfärgad på bröstsidorna. Huvudet är mörkaste delen av kroppen. I fräsch höstdräkt syns en gulanstrykning på buken och vita kanter på vingfjädrarna.[4]

Läten

Sången är ett mycket kort, raspigt och tvådelat fii-bii, som gett arten dess namn. Den sjunger också en variant där den skjuter in en stamning eller två mellan stavelserna. Lätet är ett mjukt tjipp. Som varningssignal till inkräktare eller predatorer kan den också höras slå ihop näbben.[4]

Utbredning och systematik

Fågeln häckar i östra Kanada och USA, och övervintrar så långt söderut som sydöstra Mexiko.[3] Den 24 och 25 april 1987 observerades en östfibi i Storbritannien, i Lundy, Devon.[5] Den behandlas som monotypisk, det vill säga att den inte delas in i några underarter.

 src=
Östfibins utbredningsområde, där rött är häckningsområde och blått övervintringsområde.

Levnadsätt

Östfibin återfinns i öppna skogsområden, skogskanter och parker, framför allt nära vatten. Den ses sitta på taggtrådar eller lågt i ett träd varifrån den gör korta utfall för att fånga insekter för att sedan återvända till samma sittplats. Karakteristiskt är beteendet att konstant vippa stjärten upp och ned. Den är en enstöring som sällan sällskapar med andra individer. Häckande par tillbringar inte mycket tid tillsammans och när honan ligger på ägg kan hon till och med jaga bort hanen.[4]

 src=
Östfibi med nyfångad insekt.

Häckning

Ursprungligen häckade östfibin i klippskrevor, men idag nästan uteslutande nära människan där den placerar sitt bo under en avsats eller kant på en byggnad eller en bro, vanligtvis högst fem meter ovan mark, men har vid några få tillfällen även häckat under marken i en brunn eller cistern.[4]

Endast honan bygger boet av lera, mossa och löv blandat med gräs och djurhår, ett arbete som tar fem till 14 dagar. Olikt de flesta fåglar kan östfibin återanvända samma bo från år till år. ladusvalor tar gärna över gamla fibibon, medan fibin själv kan använda gamla svalbon eller bon tillhörande vandringstrast. Honan lägger en till två kullar med två till sex vita, ibland rödfläckade, ägg som ruvas i 15-16 dagar. Ungarna är flygga 16-20 dagar efter kläckning.[4]

 src=
Ungfåglar i ett bo i Norman, Oklahoma.

Flyttning

Östfibin är en härdig fågel som övervintrar längre norrut än andra tyranner och är en av de tidigaste vårfåglarna att återvända. Vintertid ses den i lövskog, oftare nära öppningar och kanter än inne i obruten skog.[4]

Status och hot

Arten har ett stort utbredningsområde och en stor population, och tros öka i antal.[1] Utifrån dessa kriterier kategoriserar internationella naturvårdsunionen IUCN arten som livskraftig (LC).[1] Världspopulationen uppskattas till 32 miljoner häckande individer.[6]

Namn

Arten har på svenska även kallats grå fibi och östlig fibi. Fibi är ljudhärmande.

Övrigt

1804 blev östfibin den allra första ringmärkta fågeln i Nordamerika när John James Audubon satte en silvertråd på en infångad fågels ben för att kunna spåra den följande år.

Noter

  1. ^ [a b c] Birdlife International 2012 Sayornis phoebe Från: IUCN 2015. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2015.4 www.iucnredlist.org. Läst 2016-02-01.
  2. ^ Sveriges ornitologiska förening (2018) Officiella listan över svenska namn på världens fågelarter, läst 2018-02-14
  3. ^ [a b] Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, D. Roberson, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood (2015) The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: Version 2015 http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download, läst 2016-02-11
  4. ^ [a b c d e f] Eastern Phoebe Faktablad om östfibi på allaboutbirds.org
  5. ^ Östfibi på [www.tarsiger.com Tarsiger.com]
  6. ^ Partners in Flight (2017). Avian Conservation Assessment Database. 2017.

Externa länkar

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wikipedia SV

Östfibi: Brief Summary ( Sueco )

fornecido por wikipedia SV

Östfibi (Sayornis phoebe) är en nordamerikansk fågel i familjen tyranner inom ordningen tättingar.

licença
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Wikipedia författare och redaktörer
original
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wikipedia SV

Sayornis phoebe ( Vietnamita )

fornecido por wikipedia VI

Sayornis phoebe là một loài chim trong họ Tyrannidae.[1]

Chú thích

  1. ^ Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, B.L. Sullivan, C. L. Wood, and D. Roberson (2012). “The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: Version 6.7.”. Truy cập ngày 19 tháng 12 năm 2012.

Tham khảo


Hình tượng sơ khai Bài viết liên quan đến họ chim Đớp ruồi bạo chúa này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
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Sayornis phoebe: Brief Summary ( Vietnamita )

fornecido por wikipedia VI

Sayornis phoebe là một loài chim trong họ Tyrannidae.

licença
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Wikipedia tác giả và biên tập viên
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wikipedia VI