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Ursine colobus monkeys are forest dwellers inhabiting lowland forest, deciduous gallery forest, and savanna forest up to 350 meters elevation above sea level.
Range elevation: 350 (high) m.
Habitat Regions: tropical ; terrestrial
Terrestrial Biomes: savanna or grassland ; forest ; rainforest
Other Habitat Features: riparian
Colobus vellerosus is also known by the common names: white-thighed colobus, Geoffroy's black-and-white colobus, white-thighed black-and-white colobus. This species was previously considered a part of the Colobus polykomos group.
Ursine colobus monkeys are social primates and have many vocal, tactile, and visual forms of communication. All Colobus species use a roaring call to advertise territory and location, it resembles a low "rur, rur, rur" noise (Fleagle, 1998). Colobus monkeys also have alarm calls that alert group members when predators have been seen. Alarm calls are characterized as "snorting" and are made by all members of the group except infants. As in other primates, mutual grooming is important to social cohesion ursine colobus monkeys and pheromones and scents aid in recognizing sexual state, age, and status of individuals.
Communication Channels: visual ; tactile ; acoustic ; chemical
Perception Channels: visual ; tactile ; acoustic ; chemical
Populations of ursine colobus monkeys have declined throughout their relatively small range. These monkeys are threatened by habitat destruction and are hunted regularly by a growing human population. They are listed as vulnerable by the IUCN, protected under Appendix II of CITES, and are protected under Class A of the African convention. Populations have become rare even in national parks and declines of 30% in the last 30 years have been estimated. These are now considered rare monkeys in Togo, Benin, Nigeria, and Ghana.
US Federal List: no special status
CITES: appendix ii
IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: vulnerable
There are no known adverse effects of Colobus vellerosus on humans. Like all primates, they may transmit disease to humans, but this has not been reported in C. vellerosus and there is little contact between their populations and humans.
Longevity in Colobus vellerosus is not reported in the literature. However, other colobus monkeys can live into their 20's in the wild and to about 36 years in captivity. Infant mortality rates are reported to be high.
Colobus vellerosus was once considered part of the Colobus polykomos group, but has been considered a distinct species since 1983 (Primate Info Net, 2008). Of the five species of colobus, Colobus vellerosus is distinctive, with predominantly black fur and no white mantle (Fleagle, 1998). The face is black and naked and surrounded by a thick white outer ring of fur. Colobus vellerosus is also characterized by white areas on the thighs that vary in width and length. As in other species of colobus, infants are born with an all white fur coat, which starts to turn black at around three months of age. Also as in other species of colobus, C. vellerous has obsolete thumbs which are just short nubs with nails on them. Which is thought to be an adaptation for better movement through trees. The fingers are long and take the form of a hook to improve grip when grabbing onto branches (Sai, et al., 2006). In comparison to other species of colobus, they have slender bodies and ischial callosities, a hard thickened area of skin on the buttocks that allows comfortable sitting on branches (Estes, 1991). The tail of Colobus vellerosus differs from other species in coloration. Where most other species have predominantly black tails with a bushy white tip, Colobus vellerosus has an all white tail that is usually longer than the body. The weight range is 9.9 to 10.3 kg for males and 8.3 to 8.7 kg in females. Body length is 61 to 66 cm in males and 61 to 64 cm in females (Primate Info Net, 2008). Colobus species are distinguished from other Cercopithecinae by their lack of cheek pouches and their large salivary glands (Fleagle, 1998). They have highly evolved large stomach that is used in the process of breaking down cellulose. The stomach always contains undigested food and can constitute up to a quarter of an adult’s weight (Estes, 1991).
Range mass: 8.3 to 10.3 kg.
Range length: 61 to 61 cm.
Other Physical Features: endothermic ; homoiothermic; bilateral symmetry ; polymorphic
Sexual Dimorphism: male larger
Some predators of ursine colobus monkeys are large raptors, such as crowned hawk eagles (Stephanoaetus coronatus), leopards (Panthera pardus), and humans. Humans threaten these monkeys through habitat destruction, forest fragmentation, and hunting for meat and fur (Sai et al., 2006). Subsistence farming, commercial agriculture development, and selective logging have all contributed to the decline of this species (Marteinson, et al., 2005).
Known Predators:
Ursine colobus monkeys are hunted for their fur and meat. They may play a role in forest regeneration through seed dispersal.
Positive Impacts: food ; body parts are source of valuable material
Ursine colobus monkeys are prey to some top predators in their forest ecosystems. They may also help to disperse the seeds of forest trees that they eat.
Ursine colobus monkeys are mainly folivorous and have a diet that consists of immature leaves and seeds. They also occasionally eat fruits, insects, and termite clay (Primate Info Net, 2008).
Animal Foods: insects
Plant Foods: leaves; seeds, grains, and nuts; fruit
Primary Diet: herbivore (Folivore , Frugivore , Granivore )
Colobus vellerosus is currently found in six countries throughout West Africa; Benin, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria, Togo, and Cote d’Ivoire.
Biogeographic Regions: ethiopian (Native )
As in other species of colobus monkeys, Colobus vellerosus is polygynous. There seem to be no physical characteristics that make it evident when a female is in estrus (Teichroeb and Sicotte, 2008).
Mating System: polygynous
There is relatively little information on reproduction in Colobus vellerosus. Ursine colobus monkeys give birth to a single infant. Mating is evidently not strictly seasonal as births occur year round. More births occur around the rainy season due to abundance of vegetation, which allows the mother to provide plenty of nutrients to her infant (Teichroeb and Sicotte, 2008). Breeding occurs in 20 month intervals and gestation is about 5 to 6 months (Teichroeb and Sicotte, 2008). Time to weaning is not reported, but is from 8 to 15 months in other colobus monkeys. Females mature by four years of age and males by six years of age.
Breeding interval: Breeding occurs in 20 month intervals.
Breeding season: Births can occur year round, but are concentrated in the wet season.
Range number of offspring: 1 (low) .
Range gestation period: 5 to 6 months.
Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (female): 4 years.
Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (male): 6 years.
Key Reproductive Features: iteroparous ; year-round breeding ; gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual ; viviparous
Female ursine colobus monkeys nurse, protect, and care for their young to independence. Other members of the group care for and handle infants as well. Members of the group handle infants carefully, but there is still a high mortality rate among infants (Brent et al., 2007). Females remain in their natal group. Male parental care is not reported in Colobus vellerosus.
Parental Investment: altricial ; pre-fertilization (Provisioning, Protecting: Female); pre-hatching/birth (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Female); pre-weaning/fledging (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Female); post-independence association with parents
Kolobouz Geoffroy (Colobus vellerosus) a zo ur marmouz hag a vev en Aod an Olifant, Benin, Togo, Ghana ha Nigeria.
El còlob ursí (Colobus vellerosus) és una espècie de primat de la família dels cercopitècids. Viu a Benín, Costa d'Ivori, Ghana, Nigèria i Togo, a més de l'extrem sud de Burkina Faso.[1] El seu hàbitat natural són els boscos de plana humits tropicals o subtropicals. Està amenaçat per la pèrdua d'hàbitat.[2]
El còlob ursí (Colobus vellerosus) és una espècie de primat de la família dels cercopitècids. Viu a Benín, Costa d'Ivori, Ghana, Nigèria i Togo, a més de l'extrem sud de Burkina Faso. El seu hàbitat natural són els boscos de plana humits tropicals o subtropicals. Està amenaçat per la pèrdua d'hàbitat.
Der Geoffroy-Stummelaffe (Colobus vellerosus) ist eine Primatenart aus der Gruppe der Stummelaffen. Er ist nach seinem Erstbeschreiber, Isidore Geoffroy, benannt.
Geoffroy-Stummelaffen sind wie alle Stummelaffen schlanke, langschwänzige Primaten mit rückgebildetem Daumen. Das Fell ist überwiegend schwarz gefärbt, er hat weiße Flecken an den Hüften und weiße Haare, die das Gesicht umrahmen. Der Schwanz ist ebenfalls weiß und hat im Gegensatz zu anderen Vertretern der Schwarz-weißen Stummelaffen keine Quaste.
Geoffroy-Stummelaffen leben im westlichen Afrika, ihr Verbreitungsgebiet erstreckt sich von der Elfenbeinküste bis in das westliche Nigeria. Lebensraum dieser Art sind Wälder.
Diese Primaten sind tagaktive Baumbewohner, sie halten sich meist in den Baumkronen auf und kommen kaum auf den Boden. Sie leben in kleinen Gruppen, die sich aus einem Männchen, mehreren Weibchen und dem dazugehörigen Nachwuchs zusammensetzen. Sie sind territorial, die Männchen weisen durch lautes Brüllen vorwiegend am Morgen andere Gruppen auf ihren Aufenthaltsort hin.
Reife Blätter und auch Samen machen den Hauptbestandteil der Nahrung aus, in geringerem Ausmaß verzehren sie auch Früchte und junge Blätter. Ein mehrkammeriger Magen hilft ihnen bei der Verwertung der schwer verdaulichen Blätternahrung.
Nach einer rund fünf- bis sechsmonatigen Tragzeit bringt das Weibchen meist ein einzelnes Jungtier zur Welt. Dieses ist zunächst weiß gefärbt und bildet erst mit mehreren Monaten die typische Schwarz-weiß-Färbung erwachsener Tiere aus.
Wie viele andere Bewohner der westafrikanischen Wälder sind Geoffroy-Stummelaffen durch die fortschreitende Zerstörung ihres Lebensraumes bedroht, hinzu kommt die Bejagung wegen ihres Fleisches. Die IUCN listet die Art als gefährdet (vulnerable).
Früher galt der Geoffroy-Stummelaffe als konspezifisch mit dem Weißbart-Stummelaffen, heute werden sie als getrennte Arten betrachtet. Die in der Elfenbeinküste lebende, früher als Unterart betrachtete Population Colobus vellerosus dollmani stellt eine Hybridbildung zwischen den beiden Arten dar.
Der Geoffroy-Stummelaffe (Colobus vellerosus) ist eine Primatenart aus der Gruppe der Stummelaffen. Er ist nach seinem Erstbeschreiber, Isidore Geoffroy, benannt.
Ẹdun Oríòkun (Colobus vellerosus)
The ursine colobus (Colobus vellerosus), also known as the white-thighed colobus, Geoffroy's black-and-white colobus, or the white-thighed black-and-white colobus,[2] is a species of primate in the family Cercopithecidae.
The ursine colobus is quite distinctive, with predominantly black fur and lacking a white mantle. They have a black and naked face which is surrounded by a thick white halo of fur. The ursine colobus is further characterized by white patches on the thighs which vary in width and length. Like other species of colobus, the babies are born with an all white fur coat, which starts to turn black at around three months of age. In contrast to other species of colobus, they have slender bodies and ischial callosities, a hard thickened area of skin on the buttocks that allows comfortable sitting on branches. It has an all white tail which is longer than the body. They weigh between 9.9 to 10.3 kg (22 to 23 lb) for males and 8.3 to 8.7 kg (18 to 19 lb) in females with a body length of is 61 to 66 cm (24 to 26 in) in males and 61 to 64 cm (24 to 25 in) in females.[3]
Ursine colobus are diurnal and highly arboreal, coming down from trees only occasionally when feeding. Their social behavior is like that of many polygynous monkeys, with each group consisting of related females their juvenile offspring and a territorial male. The males are highly territorial and disperse upon reaching sexual maturity.[3]
Ursine colobus use a roaring call to advertise territory and location, this roar is a low "rur, rur, rur" noise. They also have alarm calls that alert group members when predators have been seen which are a "snorting" sound, made by all members of the group except infants.[3]
Ursine colobus are mainly vegetarian and have a diet which is made up of new leaves and seeds, with the occasional addition of fruits, insects, and termite clay.[3]
Ursine colobuses are found in lowland rainforest and in gallery forests which extend northwards into the Guinea Forest Savannah Zone. In Bénin, these monkeys were observed in several habitats, including swamp forests, semi-deciduous forests and gallery forests.[2]
It is found in Benin, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria, and Togo, as well as very southernmost Burkina Faso.[2] Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.[2]
The ursine colobus is threatened by both hunting and deforestation. Its range falls within a region which includes a dense and rapidly growing human population, where forest destruction has been extensive, and there is uncontrolled hunting of wildlife in many places. However, in some parts of their range these monkeys are held to be sacred. It is listed as Class A under the African Convention, and under Appendix II of CITES. They are known to live within a number of protected areas including Comoe National Park, Fazao-Malfakassa National Park and Mole, Bui and Digya National Parks (Ghana).[2]
The ursine colobus was formerly thought to be a subspecies of Colobus polykomos with which it interbred;[4] however, it has since been recognized as a separate species.[5][6]
The ursine colobus (Colobus vellerosus), also known as the white-thighed colobus, Geoffroy's black-and-white colobus, or the white-thighed black-and-white colobus, is a species of primate in the family Cercopithecidae.
El colobo ursino (Colobus vellerosus) es una especie de primate catarrino de la familia Cercopithecidae. Se encuentra en Benín, Costa de Marfil, Ghana, Nigeria, y Togo. Su hábitat natural son las tierras bajas húmedas forestales subtropicales o tropicales. Está amenazado por la pérdida de hábitat.[2]
El colobo ursino (Colobus vellerosus) es una especie de primate catarrino de la familia Cercopithecidae. Se encuentra en Benín, Costa de Marfil, Ghana, Nigeria, y Togo. Su hábitat natural son las tierras bajas húmedas forestales subtropicales o tropicales. Está amenazado por la pérdida de hábitat.
Colobus vellerosus Colobus generoko animalia da. Primateen barruko Colobinae azpifamilia eta Cercopithecidae familian sailkatuta dago
Colobe magistrat
Colobus vellerosus est une espèce qui fait partie des mammifères Primates. C’est un singe de la famille des Cercopithecidae, appelé en français Colobe magistrat[1] tout comme l'espèce très voisine, Colobus polykomos, à laquelle il est parfois assimilé ou aussi Colobe de Geoffroy. Ce colobe est une espèce vulnérable.
Ce singe, comme tous les colobus, est reconnaissable à sa fourrure noir et blanc. Le jeune colobe est totalement blanc à la naissance.
Il a, comme tous les colobinés et comme les vaches, un estomac particulier divisé en plusieurs poches pour digérer les feuilles, base de son alimentation. Il vit en groupe de dix à cent individus et plus.
Il mesure de 61 à 66 cm, a une queue de 75 à 81 cm et pèse de 8,3 à 19,9 kg[2].
Ce singe a été intensément chassé car sa fourrure est très recherchée pour la confection de manteaux.
Le colobe de Geoffroy est une des 16 espèces de primates d'Afrique qui a été incluse entre 2000 et 2020 dans la liste des 25 primates les plus menacés au monde (depuis 2016 : 2016 ; 2018).
Colobe magistrat
Colobus vellerosus est une espèce qui fait partie des mammifères Primates. C’est un singe de la famille des Cercopithecidae, appelé en français Colobe magistrat tout comme l'espèce très voisine, Colobus polykomos, à laquelle il est parfois assimilé ou aussi Colobe de Geoffroy. Ce colobe est une espèce vulnérable.
Il colobo velleroso (Colobus vellerosus I. Geoffroy, 1834) è una scimmia del Vecchio Mondo appartenente alla famiglia dei Cercopitecidi.
Con un corpo di 61-64 cm, una coda di 75-81 cm e circa 9,9 kg di peso, il colobo velleroso è di colore prevalentemente nero, e mostra meno zone ricoperte di peli bianchi di tutte le altre specie del genere Colobus (a eccezione, ovviamente, del colobo nero, C. satanas, interamente di questo colore)[3]. Le zone bianche sono disposte attorno alla testa a formare una sorta di candida barba che si congiunge sopra le sopracciglia in una sottile striscia dello stesso colore; sono bianche anche una striscia presente sulle cosce e la coda, leggermente cespugliosa[4][5]. Si ritiene che la colorazione bianca e nera di questo animale sia di aiuto nello spezzarne il profilo nell'ombrosa volta della foresta[3]. I piccoli nascono ricoperti da una pelliccia completamente bianca, che inizia a cambiare colore intorno ai tre mesi[6]. Il corpo è snello, con una lunga coda e grandi callosità ischiatiche (le zone di pelle nuda inspessita presenti sul posteriore)[7]. Come negli altri colobi africani, il pollice è ridotto a un piccolo moncherino, ma le altre dita sono lunghe e quando la mano stringe un ramo costituiscono una sorta di gancio che consente all'animale un'ottima presa[3]. In passato questa specie era considerata una sottospecie del colobo orsino (C. polykomos), ma è stata elevata al rango di specie nel 1983[5][8].
Il colobo velleroso è diffuso nell'Africa occidentale dalla Costa d'Avorio alle regioni occidentali della Nigeria(8), in Benin, Ghana, Costa d'Avorio orientale, Nigeria occidentale e Togo[5].
Vive nelle foreste pluviali di pianura, nelle foreste a galleria decidue e nelle foreste circondate da savana, fino a 350 m di quota[4][5].
Il colobo velleroso vive in gruppi misti costituiti in media da 16 esemplari, comprendenti ciascuno fino a quattro maschi adulti[4][5]. Ciascun territorio misura circa 50 ettari. Conosciamo ben poco sul comportamento e sulla biologia riproduttive di questo colobo: sappiamo solamente che la femmina partorisce sempre un unico piccolo[5]. Diurna e arboricola, questa specie predilige rimanere sugli alberi, sebbene talvolta, nelle zone di foresta inframmezzate da savana, si sposti sul terreno da un'isola forestale all'altra. La dieta consiste prevalentemente di foglie, frutta e semi[4]. Come tutte le altre specie di colobo, questa scimmia possiede uno stomaco multicamerato che gli consente di digerire anche le foglie più coriacee[6].
I maggiori pericoli che minacciano le specie di colobo bianche e nere sono la distruzione dell'habitat e la caccia[3][7]. La distruzione e la frammentazione dell'habitat sono state causate dall'agricoltura di sussistenza, dall'agricoltura commerciale e dall'industria del legname[7]. Anche i danni della pressione venatoria, per la carne, la pelliccia e la cattura di esemplari da vendere come animali domestici, sono stati ingenti. Molti popoli africani indossavano tradizionalmente pelli di colobo come ornamento e, all'estero, le pelli venivano utilizzate per foderare cappotti o tessere tappeti o arazzi. La richiesta dall'estero si fece particolarmente elevata sul finire del XIX secolo, quando vennero uccisi uno-due milioni di colobi. Oggi, in alcune parti dell'Africa, i turisti continuano a contribuire al declino di questi animali acquistando souvenir fatti con la pelliccia di questi animali[3]. Tuttavia, questa pratica influisce soprattutto sulle popolazioni di altri colobi bianchi e neri, come il guereza (C. guereza) dell'Africa orientale, mentre il colobo velleroso, più che per la pelle, viene cacciato per la carne[5].
La Convenzione sul Commercio Internazionale delle Specie Minacciate (CITES) inserisce il colobo velleroso nell'Appendice II, regolandone così il commercio oltre i confini nazionali[9]. Attualmente questo colobo non è presente in cattività, ma esso è ospitato in 15 aree protette[5]. Allo scopo di migliorare la conservazione di questo animale, bisognerebbe anzitutto vietarne o regolarne la cattura, e proteggere le zone forestali rimaste da ulteriore degrado e distruzione[7].
Il colobo velleroso (Colobus vellerosus I. Geoffroy, 1834) è una scimmia del Vecchio Mondo appartenente alla famiglia dei Cercopitecidi.
De witbaardfranjeaap (Colobus vellerosus) is een soort uit de familie van de apen van de Oude Wereld (Cercopithecidae). De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd door I. Geoffroy in 1834.
Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
Colobus vellerosus är en primat i familjen markattartade apor som lever i västra Afrika vid Guineabukten.
Liksom flera andra arter i släktet Colobus kännetecknas arten av en päls med svarta och vita ställen. Hos C. vellerosus finns en vit krans kring ansiktet, en vit svans och ofta vita fläckar vid höften, annars är pälsen svart. Primaten når en kroppslängd (huvud och bål) av 61 till 66 cm och en vikt av 8 till 10 kg. Den 75 till 80 cm långa svansen har en hårtofs vid slutet. Hannar är något större och tyngre än honor.[2]
Artens utbredningsområde sträcker sig från Elfenbenskusten över Ghana, Togo och Benin till västra Nigeria. Den vistas i olika sorters skogar i låglandet och ibland i savannen som ansluter i utbredningsområdets norra del.[1]
Individerna bildar flockar med ungefär 16 medlemmar där flera vuxna hannar och honor samt deras ungar ingår. Gruppens revir är cirka 50 hektar stort. De vistas främst i träd men går ibland på marken. C. vellerosus äter blad, frukter och frön. Honor föder en unge per kull. Annars är inte mycket känt om fortplantningssättet.[2]
Denna primat jagas av människor och den hotas även av habitatförstörelse. IUCN listar arten som sårbar (VU).[1]
Colobus vellerosus är en primat i familjen markattartade apor som lever i västra Afrika vid Guineabukten.
Довжина голови й тіла самців: 61-64 см, довжина голови й тіла самиці: 61-66 см, довжина хвоста: 75-81 см, вага самців: 9,9 кг, вага самиць: 8.3 кг. Це стрункі, з довгими хвостами примати. Хутро в основному чорного кольору, він має білі плями на стегнах і біле волосся навколо обличчя. Хвіст також білий і, на відміну від інших членів роду без китиці.
Країни проживання: Бенін; Кот-д'Івуар; Гана; Нігерія; Того. Знайдений у рівнинних тропічних лісах і галерейних лісах і далеко на північ, до лісово-саванової зони.
Ці примати є денними і деревними, вони зазвичай проводять свій час у верхівках дерев. Вони живуть у невеликих групах, які складаються з одного самця, кількох самиць і потомства. Вони є територіальними, самці демонструють територіальність гучним ревом в основному вранці. Зріле листя та насіння складають основну складову раціону, меншою мірою, вони також їдять фрукти і молоде листя. Багатокамерний шлунок допомагає їм при харчуванні. Відомі хижаки: Stephanoaetus coronatus, Panthera pardus, Homo sapiens.
Після приблизно 5—6 місяців вагітності, самиця народжує зазвичай одне дитинча, воно спочатку білого кольору. Самиці стають статевозрілими у 4 роки і самці у 6 років.
Цей вид знаходиться під загрозою в першу чергу із-за полювання і в другу чергу через втрату середовища проживання. Цей вид включений до класу А Африканської конвенції, і Додатку II СІТЕС. Відомий з кількох охоронних територій.
Colobus vellerosus là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Cercopithecidae, bộ Linh trưởng. Loài này được I. Geoffroy mô tả năm 1834.[2]
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Bài viết liên quan đến Bộ Linh trưởng này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn. Colobus vellerosus là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Cercopithecidae, bộ Linh trưởng. Loài này được I. Geoffroy mô tả năm 1834.
센털콜로부스 (Colobus vellerosus) 또는 제프로이콜로부스는 긴꼬리원숭이과에 속하는 영장류의 하나이다. 베냉과 상아 해안, 가나, 나이지리아 그리고 토고 등에서 발견된다. 자연 서식지는 아열대 또는 열대의 습한 저지대 숲이다. 서식지 파괴로 인해 멸종 위기에 처해 있다.[2]
