Description
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Inglês
)
fornecido por AmphibiaWeb articles
Balebreviceps hillmani is a stout-bodied frog with females having a snout-vent length of 45 - 53 mm and males having a smaller length of 36 - 39 mm. In both males and females, the head and eyes are relatively small. The eyes are more horizontal in shape. The snout is rounded and truncated. Tympanums seem to be absent in this species. The skin texture on the dorsal side is glandular, thick, and deeply pitted. The ventral surface on the other hand, is smooth to weakly granular, except for the throat region, which is very wrinkled. Hind limbs are relatively short yet very muscular. Fingers are tapered and broad, with relative lengths of 1 < 2 < 4 < 3. The palms have tubercles that are well-developed. The feet, as well as toes, are both broad. The toes are tapered and lack webbing, with margins that are slightly compressed to form very faint, lateral flanges. The toes have relatives lengths of 1 < 2 < 5 < 3 < 4 (Largen and Drewes 1989). Balebreviceps hillmani is differentiated from other Brevicipitidae by the presence of posteriorly curved clavicles and absence of middle ear elements. It also has a unique structured palate. The fifth metatarsal has a uniquely elongated proximate epiphysis. Both Balebreviceps and Probreviceps have noticeable longer hind limbs in comparison to Breviceps. Osteologically, the nasals of Balebreviceps are smaller and broadly separated, where as in Probreviceps, the nasals are larger and almost meet in the midline (Largen and Drewes 1989).In life, expect to see a deep purple or brown color on the dorsal side, with a pair of pale yellow or golden stripes located dorsolaterally. The dorsal margins of the head are outlined by a similar pale-colored marking that extends all the way to the tip of the snout. The sides of the head are dark grey-brown with grayish-yellow spotting. The dorsolateral lines can often expand towards the midline and onto the head, so that the dark color in-between turns into a blob or completely disappears depending on the thickness of the lines. The hindlimbs are similar in color to the dorsolateral strips, and often even have a hint of orange. Sometimes they may also be a dark grey-brown color like the forelimbs. The forelimbs may also have dirty yellow blotches. The soles of the hands and feet are flesh colored and occasionally a pale grey. The ventral side is dirty yellow for the most part, although the belly is sometimes pale grey and the chest is often a pinkish color. In alcohol, expect to see the same dark purple brown color on the dorsum, and the dorsolateral stripes become a dirty cream color. The flank area is also a purplish-brown color with yellow or cream colored spotting. The venter is a cream color with markings that are a darker, purple or brown color (Largen and Drewes 1989).Related genera include Breviceps and Probreviceps (Largen and Drewes 1989). Balebreviceps gets its name after the Bale Mountains in southern Ethiopia (Largen and Drewes 1989).
- IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group. (2013). Balebreviceps hillmani. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.3. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded on 24 November 2014.
- Largen, M. J. and Drewes, R. L. (1989). ''A new genus and species of brevicipitine frog (Amphibia, Anura, Microhylidae) from high altitude in the mountains of Ethiopia.'' Tropical Zoology, 2, 13-30.
Distribution and Habitat
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Inglês
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fornecido por AmphibiaWeb articles
All Balebreviceps hillmani have been found in the Bale Mountains of Ethiopia at an altitude of 3200 m under logs and boulders in woodland. There are many species of plants that create a closed canopy at a height of about 8-10m. The environment is very humid, and has a wet season lasting from March until October. Mosses and lichens are abundant (Largen and Drewes 1989).
Life History, Abundance, Activity, and Special Behaviors
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Inglês
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fornecido por AmphibiaWeb articles
When Balebreviceps hillmani was first discovered in 1986, the number of individuals was numerous. However, recent studies from 2006-2011 have found evidence of population decline, causing the species to be listed as Critically Endangered. All individuals of the species occupy a threat-defined location estimated to be about 5 km2. The quality of this habitat in the Bale Mountains has also decreased, mostly due to human-induced habitat deterioration such as grazing, deforestation, fencing, and settlement development. A highway was built in 1983 to make the region more accessible, resulting in possible destruction of the forest and unregulated exploitation. Although it has not been confirmed, chytrid fungus could also impact population size, since it has been detected on this species as well as other amphibians in Ethiopia (IUCN 2013). The Ethiopian Wildlife Conservation Organization is taking action by learning more about the forest in order to make educated recommendations for its protection (Largen and Drewes 1989).
Life History, Abundance, Activity, and Special Behaviors
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por AmphibiaWeb articles
When irritated, Balebreviceps hillmani responds defensively, by lowering the head and inflating the body with air. The body raises from the ground by stiffening and extending the limbs (Largen and Drewes 1989). All Balebreviceps hillmani live an entirely terrestrial life cycle. Male Balebreviceps hillmani lack a vocal sac and both males and females lack an auditory apparatus, and thus this species is insensitive to airborne vibrations. Balebreviceps hillmani should be found above ground, as they do not seem to have a need to burrow. However, they do squeeze themselves into narrow crevices by using force exerted by the backward thrusts from the hindlimbs. At such a high elevation, there is minimal danger from predators, and the very moist environment removes the risk of desiccation (Largen and Drewes 1989).
Bale Mountains tree frog
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por wikipedia EN
The Bale Mountains tree frog (Balebreviceps hillmani) is a species of frogs in the family Brevicipitidae. It is the only species in the monotypic genus Balebreviceps and endemic to the Bale Mountains of Ethiopia.[2] Its natural habitats are tree heath (Erica arborea) woodland near the timberline as well as partly cleared mixed forest further down. Despite its entire range being within the Bale Mountains National Park, it is threatened by habitat loss and deterioration (deforestation) caused by cattle grazing, firewood collection, fencing, and settlement development.[1]
Description
Balebreviceps hillmani is a stout bodied frog. They are most commonly referred to as the Bale Mountains tree frog or the Ethiopian short-headed frog. They have a smooth ventral side, except their throat, while their dorsal side is thick and pitted. The throat of this species is wrinkly. They have short but muscular legs and their toes lack webbing and have a reduced fifth toe. The males lack vocal sacs and the females lack auditory apparatuses, causing them to be unaware of airborne vibrations.[3] A unique feature of this tree frog is their structured palate. They are purple or brown in color with a pair of yellow/golden stripes.
Geographic range and population
The Bale Mountains tree frog is native and endemic to Ethiopia, specifically to Harenna in the Bale Mountains. The current population is continuing to decline since the late 1980s. There is also a decline specifically in the number of mature individuals.[1] The population size is very low and this species is critically endangered.
Habitat
This species is known to live in one woodland, Erica arborea. They are found under logs, boulders, compost, and mosses growing on branches.[3] There has been a continuous decline in the quality of their habitat. Their environment is humid and has a wet season from March until October. The tree frog is normally found above ground, but also fits into small crevices.[4]
Breeding
This species lives an entire terrestrial life cycle. This species is believed to build a terrestrial nest to lay its eggs. The eggs do not undergo an aquatic larval stage, and instead they hatch as smaller versions of the adults.[1]
Threats
The major threats to this species are habitat degradation, deforestation, and human encroachment. The degradation is mainly due to the growing human population, and the deforestation is due to the collection of firewood.[1][3] The growth in population leads to overgrazing and agricultural development.[4] A fungus, the Chytrid, has been found in this species, but no effects are known. When threatened, this species appears larger to its competition. The frog stretches its limbs, stands raised, and inflates his body with air. Predators and desiccation are minimal threats because the frogs are found at such high elevations and moist environments.[3]
Conservation actions
Their habitat is a protected area and has a conservation program, but lacks management.[1] There needs to be an improvement in management in order to protect the habitats from exploitation. The population should also be monitored since it is a critically endangered species whose population is declining continuously. Climate change and diseases should also be monitored to prevent future problems.[5]
References
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^ a b c d e f IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group (2013). "Balebreviceps hillmani". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2013: e.T57703A16948437. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T57703A16948437.en. Retrieved 17 November 2021.
-
^ Frost, Darrel R. (2013). "Balebreviceps Largen and Drewes, 1989". Amphibian Species of the World 5.6, an Online Reference. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 13 January 2014.
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^ a b c d Largen, M.J. and Drewes, R.C. (1989) A new genus and species of brevicipitine frog (Amphibia, Anura, Microhylidae) from high altitude in the mountains of Ethiopia. Tropical Zoology, 2(1): 13-30.
-
^ a b Largen, M.J. (2001) Catalogue of the amphibians of Ethiopia, including a key for their identification. Tropical Zoology, 14: 307-402.
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^ Gascon, C., Collins, J.P. Moore, R.D., Church, D.R., McKay, J.E. and Mendelson III, J.R. (2007) Amphibian Conservation Action Plan. IUCN/SSC Amphibian Specialist Group, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK.
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Bale Mountains tree frog: Brief Summary
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por wikipedia EN
The Bale Mountains tree frog (Balebreviceps hillmani) is a species of frogs in the family Brevicipitidae. It is the only species in the monotypic genus Balebreviceps and endemic to the Bale Mountains of Ethiopia. Its natural habitats are tree heath (Erica arborea) woodland near the timberline as well as partly cleared mixed forest further down. Despite its entire range being within the Bale Mountains National Park, it is threatened by habitat loss and deterioration (deforestation) caused by cattle grazing, firewood collection, fencing, and settlement development.
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Balebreviceps hillmani
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Espanhol; Castelhano
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fornecido por wikipedia ES
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Balebreviceps hillmani: Brief Summary
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Espanhol; Castelhano
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fornecido por wikipedia ES
Balebreviceps hillmani es una especie de anfibio anuro de la familia Brevicipitidae y única representante del género Balebreviceps.
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Balebreviceps hillmani
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Basco
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fornecido por wikipedia EU
(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
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Balebreviceps hillmani: Brief Summary
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Basco
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fornecido por wikipedia EU
Balebreviceps hillmani Balebreviceps generoko animalia da. Anfibioen barruko Brevicipitidae familian sailkatuta dago, Anura ordenan.
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Balebreviceps hillmani
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Francês
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fornecido por wikipedia FR
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Balebreviceps hillmani: Brief Summary
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Francês
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fornecido por wikipedia FR
Balebreviceps hillmani, unique représentant du genre Balebreviceps, est une espèce d'amphibiens de la famille des Brevicipitidae.
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Balebreviceps hillmani
(
Neerlandês; Flamengo
)
fornecido por wikipedia NL
Herpetologie Balebreviceps hillmani is een kikker uit de familie blaasoppies (Brevicipitidae).[2] Het is de enige soort uit het geslacht Balebreviceps
De soort werd voor het eerst wetenschappelijk beschreven door Malcolm John Largen en Robert Clifton Drewes in 1989. De soortaanduiding hillmani is een eerbetoon aan Stanley S. Hillman.
Balebreviceps hillmani is endemisch in Ethiopië, en leeft in bergbossen waar de boom Erica arboreal voorkomt tot net onder de boomgrens. Er is weinig bekend over de soort; vermoed wordt dat de eitjes zich direct tot kleine kikkertjes ontwikkelen, omdat de eitjes ongepigmenteerd en relatief groot zijn.[3]
Referenties
Bronnen
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(en) - American Museum of Natural History - Balebreviceps hillmani - Website Geconsulteerd 25 maart 2016
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(en) - Amphibiaweb - Balebreviceps hillmani - Website
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Balebreviceps hillmani
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Português
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fornecido por wikipedia PT
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Balebreviceps hillmani: Brief Summary
(
Português
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fornecido por wikipedia PT
Balebreviceps hillmani é uma espécie de anfíbio da família Microhylidae. É a única espécie do género Balebreviceps.
É endémica da Etiópia.
Os seus habitats naturais são: regiões subtropicais ou tropicais húmidas de alta altitude e matagal tropical ou subtropical de alta altitude.
Está ameaçada por perda de habitat.
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Balebreviceps hillmani
(
Vietnamita
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fornecido por wikipedia VI
Balebreviceps hillmani là một loài ếch trong họ Nhái bầu. Chúng là đại diện duy nhất của chi Balebreviceps và 100% bị đe dọa hoặc tuyệt chủng.[2] Đây là loài đặc hữu của Ethiopia.
Các môi trường sống tự nhiên của chúng là các khu rừng vùng núi ẩm nhiệt đới hoặc cận nhiệt đới và vùng cây bụi nhiệt đới hoặc cận nhiệt đới vùng đất cao. Loài này đang bị đe dọa do mất môi trường sống.
Chú thích
Tham khảo
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Balebreviceps hillmani: Brief Summary
(
Vietnamita
)
fornecido por wikipedia VI
Balebreviceps hillmani là một loài ếch trong họ Nhái bầu. Chúng là đại diện duy nhất của chi Balebreviceps và 100% bị đe dọa hoặc tuyệt chủng. Đây là loài đặc hữu của Ethiopia.
Các môi trường sống tự nhiên của chúng là các khu rừng vùng núi ẩm nhiệt đới hoặc cận nhiệt đới và vùng cây bụi nhiệt đới hoặc cận nhiệt đới vùng đất cao. Loài này đang bị đe dọa do mất môi trường sống.
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埃塞俄比亞短頭蛙
(
Chinês
)
fornecido por wikipedia 中文维基百科
埃塞俄比亞短頭蛙: Brief Summary
(
Chinês
)
fornecido por wikipedia 中文维基百科
埃塞俄比亞短頭蛙（Balebreviceps hillmani）是埃塞俄比亞短頭蛙屬現時唯一的一個品種，屬於姬蛙科短頭蛙亞科，原生於埃塞俄比亞的熱帶及亞熱帶雨林。由於其棲息地不斷喪失，現時已被列為瀕危物種。
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