Neotoma floridana (Ord 1818)

Neotoma floridana és una espècie de rosegador de la família dels cricètids. És endèmica dels Estats Units (Alabama, Arkansas, Carolina del Nord, Carolina del Sud Colorado, Florida, Geòrgia, Illinois, Kansas, Louisiana, Mississipí, Missouri, Nebraska, Oklahoma i Texas). Els seus hàbitats naturals són els boscos, els esvorancs i els aiguamolls. Es creu que no hi ha cap amenaça significativa per a la supervivència d'aquesta espècie.^[1] El seu nom específic, floridana, significa 'de Florida' en llatí.^[2]

Referències

Die Östliche Buschratte (Neotoma floridana) ist ein in Nordamerika lebendes Nagetier (Rodentia) aus der Familie der Wühler (Cricetidae).

Merkmale

Erwachsene Östliche Buschratten erreichen eine Gesamtlänge von 305 bis zu 450 Millimetern, wovon der Schwanz 130 bis 180 Millimeter ausmacht. Sie wiegen zwischen 220 bis 384 Gramm bei den Männchen sowie 174 bis 260 Gramm bei den unbefruchteten Weibchen.^[1] Ihr langes, weiches Fell ist an der Oberseite bräunlich-grau, die Unterseite sowie die Füße sind weiß. Der Schwanz ist zweifarbig: oben dunkelbraun und unten weiß. Die Augen sind groß, schwarz und wirken prall. Die Zahnformel lautet I1/1-C0/0-P0/0-M3/3.

Ähnliche Arten

Bei der Östlichen Buschratte ist der vordere Gaumendorn gegabelt und unterscheidet sich dadurch von ähnlichen Tieren aus der Gattung der Amerikanischen Buschratten (Neotoma).^[1]

Verbreitung, Lebensraum und Gefährdung

Die Östliche Buschratte kommt mit mehreren Unterarten in der Mitte und im Südosten der USA verbreitet vor. Sie bewohnt bevorzugt Laubwälder in bergigen Gebieten. Im Gebirge wurde sie noch in einer Höhe von 1740 Metern gefunden. Zuweilen ist sie auch in Sümpfen in Küstengebieten anzutreffen. Die Art wird von der Weltnaturschutzorganisation IUCN als „Least Concern = nicht gefährdet“ klassifiziert.^[2] Eine Ausnahme bildet die in Key Largo in Florida isoliert lebende Unterart Neotoma floridana smalli, die als „Critically Imperiled = kritisch gefährdet“ eingestuft wird.^[3] Ein Rückgang dieser Population ist auf die Besiedlung durch den Menschen und Bodendegradation des Lebensraums sowie auf Parasiten und Raubtiere zurückzuführen.

Lebensweise

Mit Steinen abgedecktes Nest

Virginia-Uhu, ein Hauptfressfeind

Die überwiegend dämmerungs- und nachtaktiven Östlichen Buschratten leben einzeln in Nestern, die aus verschiedenen Materialien am Boden errichtet werden und zuweilen wie ein Abfallhaufen (englisch: midden) wirken. Zum Schutz gegen größere Fressfeinde wird das Nest mit Steinen und kräftigen Stöcken abgedeckt. Die Nester werden meist über lange Zeiträume und mehrere Generationen hindurch bewohnt und dabei weiter ausgebaut und aufgetürmt. Die Brutzeit dauert normalerweise von Februar bis August, selten gibt es Fälle von ganzjähriger Zucht. Die Weibchen werfen in der Regel einmal pro Jahr. Die Tragzeit beträgt ca. 33 bis 35 Tage. Nach der Geburt verbleiben die Jungen für einige Tage fest an den Zitzen der Mutter. Sie öffnen die Augen nach 15 bis 21 Tagen, nach vier Wochen beginnt die Entwöhnungsphase. Die Wurfgröße reicht von einem bis zu sechs Jungtieren.^[1]

Die Östliche Buschratte ernährt sich in erster Linie von Eicheln und Nüssen, die auch in großer Menge in ihren Nestern gelagert werde, so dass in den Monaten, in denen keine frischen Produkte verfügbar sind, dennoch ausreichende gehaltvolle Nahrung zur Verfügung steht. Untersuchungen von Kotpellets in Illinois ergab einen Anteil von Eicheln (Quercus) und Hickory-Nüssen (Carya) von 61 bis 67 %.^[4] Blätter, Knospen, Wurzeln, Pilze und Insekten machen nur einen kleinen Teil der Ernährung aus. Als in den Jahren 1964 und 1965 die Eichenbäume durch ein Massenauftreten von Raupen des nach Nordamerika eingeschleppten Schwammspinners (Lymantria dispar) im Mississippi-River-Becken stark geschädigt wurden und infolgedessen wenig Eicheln gebildet wurden, ging im Jahr 1966 die Population der Östlichen Buschratte dort stark zurück, hat sich inzwischen jedoch wieder erholt.^[4]

Fressfeinde der Östlichen Buschratte sind Langschwanzwiesel (Mustela frenata), Östlicher Fleckenskunk (Spilogale putorius), Erdnatter (Pantherophis obsoletus), Wald-Klapperschlange (Crotalus horridus) und Virginia-Uhu (Bubo virginianus), in dessen Gewöllen sich Reste Östlicher Buschratten fanden.^[1]

Einzelnachweise

1. ↑ ^{a b c d} Robert W. Wiley: Mammalial Species Neotoma floridana, Mammalial Species Nr. 139, The American Society of Mammalogists, 1980, S. 1–7
2. ↑ IUCN Red List für Neotoma floridana
3. ↑ NatureServe Explorer für Neotoma floridana smalli
4. ↑ ^{a b} Anne-MarieMonty & George A. Feldhamer: Conservation Assessment for The Eastern Woodrat, (Neotoma floridana) and The Allegheny Woodrat (Neotoma magister), USDA Forest Service, Eastern Region, 2002, S. 1–36

The eastern woodrat (Neotoma floridana), also known as the Florida woodrat or bush rat, is a pack rat native to the central and Eastern United States. It constructs large dens that may serve as nests for many generations and stores food in outlying caches for the winter. While widespread and not uncommon, it has declined or disappeared in several areas.

Taxonomy

Eight subspecies of the eastern woodrat are currently recognized: N. f. illinoensis, N. f. floridana (the nominate), N. f. smalli, N. f. baileyi, N. f. pennsylvanica, N. f. attwateri, N. f. osagensis, and N. f. rubida. Of these, the Key Largo woodrat (N. f. smalli) is classified as endangered by the IUCN.^[2][3] The Allegheny woodrat (Neotoma magister) was previously considered a subspecies but was elevated to species status based on comparative mitochondrial DNA analyses.^[4] Subspecies are thought to be descended from one species living along the Appalachian Plateau, which subsequently spread out through the Coastal Plain.

Description

The eastern woodrat is a rodent of medium size, with an average length of 21.2 centimetres (8.3 in) and weight of 245 grams (0.540 lb),^[3] but grows up to 17 inches (43 cm) long.^[5] The body is short and stocky and the tail is exceptionally long (15–20 centimetres (5.9–7.9 in)). It is covered in a soft, gray-brown pelage, which is darker dorsally. Belly and feet are white. Sexes are alike, but males tend to be slightly larger.^[2]

Distribution and habitat

Distribution

The distribution for the eastern woodrat stretches across the Southeastern and Midwestern United States. They are located as far south as the Tennessee River and Central Florida. The more central areas they are found are Kentucky and Tennessee. Northern locations include Kansas, central Missouri, and southern Illinois.^[6] They can also be found along the Appalachian Mountains that range all the way to New York.^[2] They're also in some western locations and Piedmont areas of Maryland.^[7] They can be seen in places like woodlands,^[8] prairies, mountains, swamps,^[9] and lowland hardwood forests as far west as Colorado. The more disjunctive population occurrence is in Nebraska and Key Largo, Florida.^[6] Woodrats are usually found in marshes, coastal plains, and grasslands.^[2] The eastern woodrat's habitat ranges latitudinally from central Florida to southeastern New York, and longitudinally from Connecticut to eastern Colorado.^[2] Reintroduction to north-eastern states, such as Illinois, have occurred in the 2010s.^[10]

With a wide range but low population density, this species is considered uncommon. The overall population has been decreasing since 1982. The primary cause for this decline in the southeastern United States has been habitat destruction due to human development of the coastal plains.^[11]

The species has been recovered as a fossil from late Pleistocene deposits in southeastern New Mexico, several hundred miles southwest of its nearest current range.^[12]

The species does not hibernate, even in the northern extremes of its range.^[13]

Habitat

The species inhabits wooded areas, swamps and hedges, with a variety of different habitat preferences reported for the recognized geographic subspecies.^[1] Nests can be located in and around rocky bluffs, upland woods, swamps and hammocks, dry scrub pine, grasslands, abandoned buildings, marshes, and refuse piles.^[8] In Texas they are mostly found around brush piles, in Kansas they are often found around hilltop limestone, the base of trees, standing hollow trees, and under root tangles along gullies. They are recently found in Florida around willow trees. The eastern woodrat likes the ability to cover and get away from predators quickly.^[6]

The nest can be constructed from a variety of different materials, such as sticks and branches, rocks, dry dung, tin cans, glass shards, and lined with dry grass, crushed bark, bird feathers, and even rotting wood, acorn fragments, and loose soil.^[9] These items are either picked up in the mouth or dragged, depending on the size of the item.^[6]

Even though there is only one visible entrance, woodrat nests have multiple escape routes. Each 'house' contains up to 2 nests, but usually only one woodrat will be found in each home. Houses can be up to 4 metres (13 ft) in length, 2 metres (6.6 ft) in width, and more than 1 metre (3.3 ft) in height. The shape depends on the location and may be pyramidal, conical, or domed (if sufficient structural support is present). Nests may be found up to 8 metres (26 ft) above ground in trees or vines, but normally are located at ground level.^[6][2] Houses are efficient shelters from temperature fluctuations and rain.^[2]

Individuals are known to stay in one location for their entire lives, with multiple generations inhabiting the same nest. Unoccupied nests are frequently taken over by other animals, including rabbits, mice, snakes, amphibians, and various invertebrates.^[1][14]

Eastern woodrats are typically solitary creatures, so they usually have a buffer between territories. The females have a smaller territory than males, averaging around 0.17 hectares (0.42 acres). Males average around 0.26 hectares (0.64 acres) and the species-wide average territory area is 662 square metres (7,130 sq ft). Being solitary, the rats tend not to stray much farther than 21 metres (69 ft) from their nests unless sexually active or for a preferred food.^[11]

Ecology

Foraging

As with most members of the genus, the Eastern Woodrat feeds opportunistically on nuts, seeds, fungi, buds, stems, roots, foliage, and fruits.^[1][15] While the eastern woodrat's nest is typically found on the ground, it is a capable climber and may forage above ground.^[2] Eastern Woodrats eat about 5% of their body weight in dry mass each day. During the summer months, most feeding is done while foraging. Only small amounts of food are taken back to the den for daytime feeding.^[2] Woodrats do not change significantly in weight from autumn to spring. Weight of individual woodrats is not correlated to the kilocalories in their caches.^[16]

Eastern woodrats are known for their foraging and caching habits. When searching for food is dangerous or unproductive, animals often use food stores to supply all or part of their diet. This is a feasible strategy to avoid food shortage. It is the habit of collecting and storing both food and nonfood items that has earned the eastern woodrat is other common name of "pack-rat" or "trade rat".^[17] Starting in September, the woodrat will start to forage and store food in its midden for use and survival in the winter.^[18] Although caches do not serve as the sole source of winter food, caches examined yielded as much as 1 imperial bushel (36 L) of plant material.^[17]

Woodrats have great adaptability in their feeding habits. They feed on almost any kind of plant material including leaves, roots and tubers, wood, bark, stems, and seeds.^[7] Although the Eastern Woodrats eat mostly green vegetation, they also eat various types of fruits, nuts, fungi, ferns, and seeds.^[18] Food preferences vary between individuals, populations and geographic areas.^[16] In Texas, pecan nuts are a major food source; in Tennessee, mint and beechnuts were found to be the most cached item; in Pennsylvania, mushrooms were one of the top food items. Acorns are a major food source for all woodrat populations, as oak trees are found throughout its range and acorns can be stored for a long time.^[2] Energy and perishability influence the woodrat's diet and caching. The value of food when consumed should equal or exceed the cost of gathering and storage. Food is chosen by dryness and degree of microbial infection. Woodrats tend to eat perishable food and cache less perishable foods, thus reducing the risk of loss to spoilage.^[19]

Decomposition of food stores appears to be a constant challenge. Woodrats seem to exhibit physiological adaptions that allow them to consume food inhabited by fungi. Fungi can increase nutritional value of some foods by making nutrients within food more accessible by breaking down complex carbohydrates, which woodrats may exploit.^[20]

Although eastern woodrats are herbivores, evidence suggests that the species will take meat if given the opportunity. Snakes, salamanders, mice, and quail have all been found in stomachs of Woodrats.^[21] Gnawed bones have been found in caches, probably used for sharpening teeth and for their mineral contents. Only anecdotal evidence exists concerning woodrat carnivory. However, woodrats will cache carrion if given the chance.^[21]

Drinking water is typically not needed. Woodrats get the water they need from dew, water-containing plants such as succulents, and fruit, and can survive droughts with these water sources alone.^[2]

Reproduction and lifecycle

Eastern woodrats are aggressive towards conspecifics. Older individuals will chase and fight younger woodrats. The species only becomes sociable during breeding season.^[22]

The breeding season of eastern wood rats depends on the climate. Those in warmer climates (e.g. Florida and Georgia) can reproduce all year, while eastern wood rats in higher latitudes (e.g. Kansas and Nebraska) breed from early spring to mid fall. Their estrous cycle lasts between 3 and 8 days, while gestation lasts between 32 and 38 days.^[11] One to six young are born in each litter, and the female may become pregnant again after a week. Females can have up to three litters in a year, with two being normal. They can also sometimes reproduce in their first year, as they reach sexual maturity before males. Females are solely responsible for the young. Females and males fight when they come across each other. If the male wins, copulation occurs, but if the female wins, the male is usually killed during fighting.^[2]

Pups are born with closed eyes, limited amount of hair and immediately attached to the teat. Most of the pelage will have appeared by day 8.^[23] On the 15th day their hair is fully grown and their eyes are wide open. The young wean for 3–4 weeks and become independent after 70–90 days. Juveniles continue growing until they are about 8 months old.^[24] The females start mating as young as 5 months.^[25]

In captivity the Eastern Woodrat has been recorded to live for up to 8.6 years, however the average lifespan in the wild is 3 years. The majority of deaths occur within their first year of life. One field study in Kansas tracked 27 individuals, of which 6 survived to adulthood and only 3 lived long enough to reproduce.^[11]

Predators and parasites

Eastern woodrats are a common prey item for many predators. Most common predators are the great horned owl, spotted skunk, long-tailed weasel, red fox, raccoon, and the timber rattlesnake, along with other various snakes. Woodrats try to avoid predators by being mostly active at night and hiding in their large dens during daylight. Unweaned pups in dens in particular are commonly taken by snakes.^[24]

One of the most common parasites of eastern woodrats are botfly larvae. Adult botflies lay their eggs outside the entrance of the woodrat's den. They then attach themselves to the woodrat's fur when it passes through entrance. Once the eggs hatch, the botfly larvae penetrate the skin and lodge in the woodrat's neck, chest, and abdomen until pupation. The resulting cyst can be 15 mm in diameter but does not seem to cause any obvious discomfort. Botflies infest approximately 16% of the eastern woodrat population.

Raccoons may carry raccoon roundworms, an intestinal parasite. Woodrats may ingest the eggs of the roundworm while foraging at raccoon latrine areas. Larvae migrate to the brain, causing a lack of energy, loss of muscle control, and eventually death. The roundworm is a known mortality factor in woodrats in Indiana, New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania, with infection rates of around 75%.^[24]

Ecological role

Eastern woodrat nests provide homes for a number of other species including, but not limited to, other rodents, insects, reptiles, and frogs.^[26] Seed dispersal by caching and transporting seeds into dens has a great impact on the spread and maintenance of forest ecosystems, and woodrat fecal matter increases soil fertility.^[27] The study of feces from prehistoric woodrat middens has been of great use in archaeological and paleontological research by providing indications about changing floral regimes.^[28]

Interaction with humans

Eastern woodrats are popularly known for being pests. They tend to seek out houses, especially cottages or cabins in wooded areas, for warmth or housing, and do not hesitate to make nests out of mattresses and other furniture while feeding in adjacent cultivated areas. Automobiles may be damaged by chewing on wires and the introduction of nesting materials. Rarely, eastern woodrats may be the carriers of diseases that are communicable to humans.^[27] The eastern woodrat does not have any economic value.^[26]

Conservation

Most subspecies of the eastern woodrat have been classified as Least Concern by the IUCN, with the exception of the Key Largo woodrat. While the species appears to never have been abundant, it remains widespread and reasonably common.^[1] However, at smaller scales, the species has been listed as endangered, threatened, or of special concern in 5 of the 17 states in which they are found. State status designations may not be accurate since there is little research done where woodrats are presumed to be common. All states with recorded population decline are on the edge of the species range. The only conservation action taken has been habitat protection in Indiana, Illinois, North Carolina, and Florida.^[1][11]

Threats

Where eastern woodrats have declined, a variety of possible causes has been identified. Based on the historical records, it appears that extremely cold winters can cause a dramatic decline in populations. In 1912 and 1918, severe winters reduced the Illinois eastern woodrat populations. In 1948 and 1949, long winters with accumulation of snow and ice might have caused high mortality of litters in Kansas and starvation of adults.^[24]

In recent times, urban development is thought to have had an impact. In South Carolina, massive development and urbanization, including forest clearance and road expansion, have led to habitat loss and isolation of woodrat populations. Suitable habitats in the Coastal Plains of South Carolina are not protected at all.^[29]

While woodrats forage on many different food items, they are largely depended on cached acorns and nuts during winter. Eruptions of the gypsy moth in the basin of the Lower Mississippi River in 1964 and 1965 resulted in poor acorn and chestnut crops and subsequently in increased mortality in eastern woodrats in the area.^[24]

The continued spread of raccoons may increase the likelihood of lethal infection of woodrats with the raccoon roundworm.^[29]

Conservation management

In 2003, The Fish and Wildlife Service and Florida department of Environmental Protection jointly initiated a program for the removal of feral and free-roaming cats from conservation areas occupied by woodrats, which has proven largely successful.^[30] Another step towards preserving this species is the separation of human activities from woodrat habitats to reduce human disturbance and secondary effects such as the presence of raccoons.^[11]

The species has been reintroduced in several areas including Pine Hills, Union County and some sites in Missouri.^[10] Reintroduction areas need to be checked for adequate food supplies, shelter resources and absence of raccoon roundworm. It has been suggested that the sex ratio be skewed toward females because eastern woodrats are polygynous, and that a genetically diverse stock be used to improve adaptability and survival rates.^[31]

References

Neotoma floridana Neotoma generoko animalia da. Karraskarien barruko Neotominae azpifamilia eta Cricetidae familian sailkatuta dago.

Erreferentziak

• Neotoma floridanari buruzko informazioa Mammals of The World datubasean

Ikus, gainera

• Neotoma
• Cricetidae

Neotoma floridana est une espèce de mammifères rongeurs de la famille des Cricétidés.

Répartition et habitat

Il vit dans le sud des États-Unis et le nord du Mexique. On le trouve dans les zones boisés, les ravins, les forêts de plaines inondables et les marécages^[1].

Liste des sous-espèces

Selon NCBI (8 avr. 2012)^[2] :

• sous-espèce Neotoma floridana attwateri
• sous-espèce Neotoma floridana floridana
• sous-espèce Neotoma floridana osagensis

Selon Catalogue of Life (8 avr. 2012)^[3] :

• sous-espèce Neotoma floridana floridana (Ord, 1818)
• sous-espèce Neotoma floridana smalli Sherman, 1955

Notes et références

Neotoma floridana is een zoogdier uit de familie van de Cricetidae. De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd door Ord in 1818.

Voorkomen

De soort komt voor in de Verenigde Staten.

Neotoma floridana^{[2][3][4][5][6]} är en däggdjursart som först beskrevs av George Ord 1818. Neotoma floridana ingår i släktet egentliga skogsråttor, och familjen hamsterartade gnagare.^[7][8] IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som livskraftig.^[1]

Utseende

Denna skogsråtta blir 34 till 43 cm lång, inklusive en 15 till 20 cm lång svans. Den väger 217 till 333 g och har en lång och mjuk päls på ovansidan. Vinterpälsen har på ovansidan en gråbrun till grå färg och kroppens sidor är täckt av gulaktig päls. Mellan våren och hösten har ovansidan en enhetlig brun färg. Undersidan och fötterna är hela året vit.^[9]

Ungarna är vid födelsen 87 till 96 mm långa och de väger 11 till 14 g. Efter 5 till 6 veckor byter de inom loppet av några dagar två gånger pälsen.^[9]

Utbredning och habitat

Arten förekommer i centrala och sydöstra USA från South Dakota österut till Virginia och söderut till Mexikanska golfen. Den lever i skogar och andra områden med träd eller buskar som ofta ligger nära vattendrag. Neotoma floridana hittas ofta i träskmarker eller på marskland med tät växtlighet nära marken.^[1]

Ekologi

Individerna bygger bon av kvistar, andra växtdelar och annan bråte som göms i trädens håligheter, under rötter, i täta buskar, i bergssprickor eller i övergivna byggnader. Ett näste som används flera år kan bli ganska stort. Vissa bon har en diameter av 0,45 till 1,25 meter och en höjd av 0,90 meter. Den centrala kammaren fodras med löv, bark och gräs. När det finns ett naturligt skydd ovanför har boet utgången ofta på toppen. I låga träd och i buskar finns vanligen ett tak på toppen. Neotoma floridana godkänner flera andra djur i boet som söker skydd, till exempel kaniner, vitfotad hjortråtta (Peromyscus leucopus), mindre ormar, paddor, salamandrar, spindlar och andra ryggradslösa djur. Arten har ofta en särskild plats där den lämnar avföring och urin. Ibland används toaletten av flera artfränder.^[1]

Neotoma floridana är nattaktiv och den syns sällan under skymningen eller gryningen. Arten stannar vid oönskade väderförhållanden i boet men den håller ingen vinterdvala. Födan utgörs av olika växtdelar som frukter, frön, rötter, svampar, blad, örter och unga växtskott.^[1]

Fortplantningstiden sträcker sig från våren till hösten och varierar lite beroende på utbredning. Honor kan ha två eller tre kullar per år med två till fyra ungar per kull. Dräktigheten uppskattas vara 33 till 39 dagar och sedan föds blinda ungar. De öppnar sina ögon efter 15 till 20 dagar och blir könsmogna innan de är ett år gamla. Livslängden i naturen är vanligen tre år.^[1]

Artens naturliga fiender är bland annat ormen Pantherophis obsoletus och långsvansad vessla.^[1]

Underarter

Arten delas in i följande underarter:^[7]

• N. f. floridana
• N. f. smalli

Bildgalleri

Källor

1. ^ [a b c d e f g] 2008 Neotoma floridana Från: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2 <www.iucnredlist.org>. Läst 2012-10-24.
2. ^ (1996) , database, NODC Taxonomic Code
3. ^ Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, A. L. Gardner, and W. C. Starnes (2003) , Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada
4. ^ Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. (2005) , Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3rd ed., Neotoma floridana
5. ^ Wilson, Don E., and F. Russell Cole (2000) , Common Names of Mammals of the World
6. ^ Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, and A. L. Gardner (1987) Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada, Resource Publication, no. 166
7. ^ [a b] Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (red.) (5 april 2011). ”Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist.”. Species 2000: Reading, UK. http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/search/all/key/neotoma+floridana/match/1. Läst 24 september 2012.
8. ^ ITIS: The Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Orrell T. (custodian), 2011-04-26
9. ^ [a b] Brandi Guilliams (5 april 2008). ”Eastern woodrat” (på engelska). Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. http://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Neotoma_floridana/. Läst 12 juni 2016.

Externa länkar

• Wikimedia Commons har media som rör Neotoma floridana.
  Bilder & media
• Wikispecies har information om Neotoma floridana.
  Artförteckning

Neotoma floridana là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Cricetidae, bộ Gặm nhấm. Loài này được Ord mô tả năm 1818.^[2]

Hình ảnh

Chú thích

Tham khảo

• Dữ liệu liên quan tới Neotoma floridana tại Wikispecies
• Phương tiện liên quan tới Neotoma floridana tại Wikimedia Commons

Bài viết liên quan đến họ gặm nhấm Cricetidae này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.

• x
• t
• s

동부숲쥐 또는 플로리다숲쥐, 덤불쥐(Neotoma floridana)는 비단털쥐과에 속하는 설치류의 일종이다.^[2] 미국 중부와 동부에서 발견되는 숲쥐이다. 많은 개체를 수용하기 위한 둥지를 위해 커다란 굴을 만들고, 겨울 동안 외진 곳에 먹이를 보관한다. 광범위하고 희귀하지 않지만 여러 곳에서 개체수가 줄거나 사라지고 있다.

이명

• N. f. attwateri Mearns, 1897
• N. f. baileyi Merriam, 1894
• N. f. campestris J. A. Allen, 1894
• N. f. haematoreia A. H. Howell, 1934
• N. f. illinoensis A. H. Howell, 1910
• N. f. osagensis Blair, 1939
• N. f. rubida Bangs, 1898
• N. f. smalli Sherman, 1955

각주