Piliocolobus pennantii (Waterhouse 1838)

The meat of Pennant's red colobus is commonly sold in commercial bushmeat markets. Growing African cities increases the need of animal protein, such as bushmeat. The bushmeat market in West Africa alone is a multibillion dollar industry. Sooty mangabeys, black and white colobus, and red colobus are especially at risk, because they provide hunters with the most profit.

Positive Impacts: food

Pennant's red colobus is considered critically endangered by the IUCN. Conservation International named the species as one of the “world’s 25 most endangered primate species” in 2006. A combination of habitat loss and hunting has resulted in low population sizes. Pennant's red colobus are sold in bushmeat markets, and are easy targets for hunters because they are both loud and slow.

US Federal List: no special status

CITES: no special status

Pennant's red colobus engage in three major social behaviors. The first of these is social presenting, in which the presenter faces its rear toward the receiver and lifts the hindquarters higher than the rest of the body. This act of submission is performed by all but the adult males. Social presenting usually leads to social mounting. The receiver of the social presenting responds by mounting the presenter in the same manner done during mating. Social mounting displays dominance and is done by all except the least dominant members of the group, infants. Social grooming often follows these behaviors. Through this process, unwanted material, such as dead skin, insects, or parasites, are removed from one individual by another, often using his or her mouth. While the hygienic aspect of this act is rather important, its true purpose is to strengthen the bond between those involved. Social grooming becomes more common when another group is near. Pennant’s red colobus are also known to be rather loud. Noises described as “barks” and “squawks” may be a very important auditory communication between individuals and between troops.

Communication Channels: tactile ; acoustic

Perception Channels: visual ; tactile ; acoustic ; chemical

Pruess's red colobus (Piliocolobus pennantii pruessi) was once considered to be a fourth subspecies of Pennant's red colobus. However, some are now considering it to be an entirely separate species and have given it the new designation of Piliocolobus pruessi.

There are no known adverse affects of Piliocolobus pennantii on humans.

Red colobus monkeys, including Pennant's red colobus, are preyed upon by chimpanzees. This species also acts as a seed disperser, as it consumes fruits and seeds. Social groups of Colobus monkeys compete with each other for food; the most successful competitors are often the largest groups.

Colobus monkeys are the only monkeys with a complex multichambered stomach containing cellulose-digesting bacteria. Because of this complex digestive system and relationship with bacteria, colobus monkeys are extremely successful in rainforest habitats in both Africa and Asia. Other Old World monkeys appear to be in direct competition with colobus monkeys for food. However, because of the unique digestive abilities of colobus monkeys, they eat very different proportions of shared resources, and competition is thus less extreme with other Old World monkeys.

Ecosystem Impact: disperses seeds

Pennant's red colobus search for food in the upper division of the forest and tend to eat in the morning and again in the evening. Their diet consists of foliage in the form of immature leaves and shoots, as well as seeds and fruits. Colobus monkeys have complex stomachs capable of fermentation, allowing them to break down difficult plant materials like cellulose. Because of this fermenting process ripe, sugary fruits result in excess gas and acid formation when eaten. This causes pain and could result in death. Therefore, this species can only digest fruits that are unripe and tough. Pennant's red colobus have also been known to eat fungi and even termite clay.

Plant Foods: leaves; seeds, grains, and nuts; fruit

Primary Diet: herbivore (Folivore )

The range of Pennant’s red colobus (Piliocolobus pennantii) has been reduced to only a few small areas in Central West Africa. One subspecies, P. p. pennantii (Bioko red colobus), is present in the southwestern side of Bioko Island. In the eastern and central Democratic Republic of Congo, the subspecies P. p. bouvien (Bouvier’s red colobus) is present. Another subspecies, P. p. epieni (Niger delta red colobus) is aptly named, as it is found in southern Nigeria.

Biogeographic Regions: ethiopian (Native )

Pennant's red colobus are arboreal and spend the majority of their lives in the treetops. They can be found at all levels of the canopy in both primary and secondary rainforest. This genus of monkey occurs in higher densities in primary forests than other genera of Colobinae. Some Pennant's red colobus are also found in marsh forests. Unlike members of a similar genus g. Colobus (black and white colobus), Pennant's red colobus are not found in dry forests. In general, this species is found at relatively high elevations.

Habitat Regions: tropical ; terrestrial

Terrestrial Biomes: rainforest

Wetlands: marsh

Little information is available regarding the lifespan of Pennant’s red colobus monkeys. Other members of the subfamily Colobinae have been known to live 25 to 30 years.

One of the most striking features of colobus monkeys is their lack of thumbs. A bump remains where the thumb should be, making it look as though the thumb has been cut off. To allow climbing, the other fingers are elongated and form a hook to grip branches. As with many climbing mammals, the limbs of Pennant's red colobus are also elongated. In general, male Pennant's red colobus tend to be larger than females. This speices ranges in mass from 7 to 11 kg. The length of the head and body is usually between 53 and 63 cm, while the tail ranges from 60 to 70 cm. The head tends to be rather small and the belly is round.

Subspecies of Pennant's red colobus vary in the coloration of their pelage. The shaggy hair varies between shades of maroon and orange. The crown is usually dark red to nearly black, and the back feet and tail tend to be dark brown. White is often found on the hair of the pubic region. The hair on the forehead is distinctly parted down the center.

Range mass: 7 to 11 kg.

Range length: 53 to 63 cm.

Sexual Dimorphism: male larger

Other Physical Features: endothermic ; bilateral symmetry

Chimpanzees are a common predator of red colobus and can reduce populations by as much as 10 % in a year. The large social groups of red colobus are an anti-predatory defense. Some red colobus listen for warming calls of other species of monkeys to alert them to danger. Humans also hunt Pennant's red colobus for meat.

Known Predators:

• Chimpanzee Pan troglodytes
• Humans homo sapiens

Not much is known about the reproduction of Pennant's red colobus, though the reproduction of other species in the subfamily Colobinae is likely similar. The genital area of females swells during estrus. Females use "social presenting" to signal that they are ready to mate. Colobus monkeys breed in a sort of "communal marriage" in which females ready to mate and males retreat from the larger group. Colobus monkeys are polygynous, meaning each male breeds with multiple females.

Mating System: polygynous ; cooperative breeder

There is no specific breeding season for colobus monkeys, and females give birth approximately every two years. Pennant's red colobus Piliocolobus pennantii give birth to one offspring at a time. The gestation period of this particular species is not known, but the gestation period of other colobus monkeys ranges from five to seven months. After gestation, female colobus monkeys leave the group, accompanied by a single male, and do not return until a day after the birth. In Africa, female Colobinae tend to reach sexual maturity between 3 and 4 years and males between 5 and 6 years.

Breeding interval: Pennant's red colobus breed approximately once every 2 years.

Breeding season: There is no specific breeding season for Pennant's red colobus.

Average number of offspring: 1.

Range gestation period: 5 to 7 months.

Average time to independence: 8 months.

Range age at sexual or reproductive maturity (female): 3 to 4 years.

Range age at sexual or reproductive maturity (male): 5 to 6 years.

Key Reproductive Features: year-round breeding ; gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual ; viviparous

For the first 1 to 3.5 months after birth of Pennant's red colobus, generally only the mother handles the infant. After this time, other group members help care for the young. Mother Pennant's red colobus allow their offspring to hang from their bellies for about 8 months. Young of both sexes have genital regions that mimic those of adult females. This is thought to protect unidentifiably male youth from being expelled from the group by adult males.

Parental Investment: female parental care ; pre-hatching/birth (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Male, Female); pre-weaning/fledging (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Female); pre-independence (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Female); post-independence association with parents; extended period of juvenile learning

Little is known about the specific behaviour of Pennant's red colobus, but much can be inferred from what is known about red colobus species generally (5). Red colobus typically live in large troops of 12 to 82 individuals (7), a single troop residing in a territory of 25 to 150 hectares (5). Sovereignty over the territory is signalled via a variety of barks and chirps given by all members (5). Like other red colobus, Pennant's red colobus' groups are multi-male and multi female, usually with around twice as many females (6). Females tend to remain with the same group throughout their lives, while males may move from group to group (5). Little is known about the reproductive biology of Pennant's red colobus. Red colobus are arboreal, often leaping across wide gaps by using the elasticity of a branch to propel themselves between trees (5). The diet consists of leaves, fruit, seeds and flowers (3) (5). Colobines are the only monkeys with chambered stomachs specially adapted to help digest tough leaf material (7).

Although protected areas do exist within the range of Pennant's red colobus, none of those in which any of the subspecies occur are particularly well protected. It has therefore been recommended that a priority for the conservation of this species must be to rigorously protect all those populations that are known to still exist, as well as to undertake field surveys to better understand current distributions and abundance of the subspecies (8). Indeed, one of Africa's highest primate conservation priorities is to create a protected area on Bioko Island (2). A survey is desperately needed for Bouvier's red colobus (P. p. bouvieri) to establish whether a population still survives, although this may be problematic in the marsh forest environment of the region it has historically occupied (1). Major international conservation organisations need to work closely with national protected area authorities to help safeguard this rare and little understood red colobus species. For Bouvier's red colobus (P. p. bouvieri), however, it may already be too late (8).

Like other red colobus, Pennant's red colobus has a typically small head, long back and round belly. The limbs are very long and the elongated fingers are aligned to form a powerful hook, well adapted to gripping branches. As with other African colobus, no thumb exists, only a small remnant bump (5). Colouration varies with the subspecies but is generally blackish-red on the crown, dark brown on the back, feet and tail, and fawn coloured on the rump, forearms and legs (6). Hair on the forehead is characteristically parted down the centre (5). Taxonomic relationships, both within this species as well as with other red colobus, are widely debated by experts and require clarification.

Primary and secondary rainforest, as well as marsh forest (2) (3) (6).

Found only in a few small areas in Central West Africa (5). The Bioko red colobus (P. p. pennantii) is found on Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea, Bouvier's red colobus (P. p. bouvieri) in east-central Democratic Republic of Congo, and the Niger delta red colobus (P. p. epieni) in southern Nigeria (2) (8).

Classified as Endangered (EN A2cd) on the IUCN Red List 2004 (1), and listed on Appendix II of CITES (4), both as Procolobus pennantii. The IUCN recognises four subspecies: Bouvier's red colobus (P. p. bouvieri) is classified as Critically Endangered on the IUCN Red List 2004, although it is in fact suspected to be extinct, with no reported sightings in the last 20 years (1). The Niger delta red colobus (P. p. epieni), the Bioko red colobus (P. p. pennantii) and Preuss's red colobus (P. p. preussi) are all classified as Endangered on the IUCN Red List 2004 (1). However, there has been some debate over the status of Preuss's red colobus (P. p. preussi) in recent years, with many experts and organisations (including CITES and the Integrated Taxonomic Information System [ITIS]) now classing it not a subspecies of Pennant's red colobus, but rather as a distinct species, P. preussi (2).

The red colobus monkeys of Central West Africa are probably more threatened than any other taxonomic group of primates in Africa. All the subspecies of Pennant's red colobus are close to extinction, with very restricted ranges and small numbers as a result of extensive habitat loss and intensive hunting (8). Their loud vocalisations and slow movement make red colobus monkeys easy targets for hunters (5). Bouvier's red colobus (P. p. bouvieri) has not been observed alive by scientists in at least 20 years, raising concerns that it may already be extinct (1). The Bioko red colobus (P. p. pennantii) probably has the most restricted range of the other subspecies, found only in the southwest of Bioko Island, which is approximately just 2,000 km² (1). Here it is threatened by commercial bushmeat hunting and ongoing habitat destruction (1) (8).

The Niger Coastal Delta is an enormous classic distributary system located in West Africa, which stretches more than 300 kilometres wide and serves to capture most of the heavy silt load carried by the Niger River. The peak discharge at the mouth is around 21,800 cubic metres per second in mid-October. The Niger Delta coastal region is arguably the wettest place in Africa with an annual rainfall of over 4000 millimetres. Vertebrate species richness is relatively high in the Niger Delta, although vertebrate endemism is quite low. The Niger Delta swamp forests occupy the entire upper coastal delta. Historically the most important timber species of the inner delta was the Abura (Fleroya ledermannii), a Vulnerable swamp-loving West African tree, which has been reduced below populations viable for timber harvesting in the Niger Delta due to recent over-harvesting of this species as well as general habitat destruction of the delta due to the expanding human population here. Other plants prominent in the inner delta flood forest are: the Azobe tree (Lophira alata), the Okhuen tree (Ricinodendron heudelotii ), the Bitter Bark Tree (Sacoglottis gabonensis), the Rough-barked Flat-top Tree (Albizia adianthifolia), and Pycnanthus angolensis. Also present in its native range is the African Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis)

There are a number of notable mammals present in the upper (or inner) coastal delta in addition to the Critically Endangered Niger Delta Red Colubus (Procolobus pennantii ssp. epieni), which primate is endemic to the Niger Delta. The near-endemic White-cheeked Guenon (Cercopithecus erythrogaster, VU) is found in the inner delta. The Endangered Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) is also found in the inner delta. The limited range Black Duiker (Cephalophus niger) is fournd in the inner delta and is a near-endemic to the Niger River Basin. The restricted distribution Mona Monkey (Cercopithecus mona), a primate often associated with rivers, is found here in the Niger Delta. The Near Threatened Olive Colobus (Procolobus verus) is restricted to coastal forests of West Africa and is found here in the upper delta.

Some of the reptiles found in the upper coastal Niger Delta are the African Banded Snake (Chamaelycus fasciatus); the West African Dwarf Crocodile (Osteolaemus tetraspis, VU); the African Slender-snouted Crocodile (Mecistops cataphractus); the Benin Agama (Agama gracilimembris); the Owen's Chameleon (Chamaeleo oweni); the limited range Marsh Snake (Natriciteres fuliginoides); the rather widely distributed Black-line Green Snake (Hapsidophrys lineatus); Cross's Beaked Snake (Rhinotyphlops crossii), an endemic to the Niger Basin as a whole; Morquard's File Snake (Mehelya guirali); the Dull Purple-glossed Snake (Amblyodipsas unicolor); the Rhinoceros Viper (Bitis nasicornis). In addition several of the reptiles found in the outer delta are found within this inner delta area.

Five threatened marine turtle species are found in the mangroves of the lower coastal delta: Leatherback Sea Turtle (Dermochelys coricea, EN), Loggerhead Sea Turtle (Caretta caretta, EN), Olive Ridley Turtle (Lepidochelys olivacea, EN), Hawksbill Sea Turtle (Eretomychelys imbricata, CR), and Green Turtle (Chelonia mydas, EN).

Other reptiles found in the outer NIger Delta are the Nile Crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus), African Softshell Turtle (Trionyx triunguis), African Rock Python (Python sebae), Boomslang Snake (Dispholidus typus), Cabinda Lidless Skink (Panaspis cabindae), Neon Blue Tailed Tree Lizard (Holaspis guentheri), Fischer's Dwarf Gecko (Lygodactylus fischeri), Richardson's Leaf-Toed Gecko (Hemidactylus richardsonii), Spotted Night Adder (Causus maculatus), Tholloni's African Water Snake (Grayia tholloni), Smith's African Water Snake (Grayia smythii), Small-eyed File Snake (Mehelya stenophthalmus), Western Forest File Snake (Mehelya poensis), Western Crowned Snake (Meizodon coronatus), Western Green Snake (Philothamnus irregularis), Variable Green Snake (Philothamnus heterodermus), Slender Burrowing Asp (Atractaspis aterrima), Forest Cobra (Naja melanoleuca), Rough-scaled Bush Viper (Atheris squamigera), and Nile Monitor (Varanus niloticus).

There are a limited number of amphibians in the inner coastal delta including the Marble-legged Frog (Hylarana galamensis). At the extreme eastern edge of the upper delta is a part of the lower Niger and Cross River watersheds that drains the Cross-Sanaka Bioko coastal forests, where the near endemic anuran Cameroon Slippery Frog (Conraua robusta) occurs.

El còlob vermell de Pennant (Procolobus pennantii) és una espècie de primat de la família dels cercopitècids. El seu àmbit de distribució és particularment disjunta i se l'ha descrit com a trencaclosques biogeogràfic, amb una població a l'illa de Bioko (Guinea Equatorial), una altra al delta del riu Níger (sud de Nigèria) i una altra al centre-est de la República del Congo. Viu a selves i boscos pantanosos. Està amenaçat per la pèrdua d'hàbitat i la caça per utilitzar-lo com a bushmeat. La subespècie bouvieri està classificada com a animal "en perill crític. Es tem que ja s'hagi extingit, car no n'hi ha hagut cap observació confirmada des de fa uns 20 anys.

Aquest tàxon fou anomenat en honor del naturalista britànic Thomas Pennant.

Der Pennant-Stummelaffe (Piliocolobus pennantii) ist eine Primatenart aus der Gruppe der Stummelaffen, der auf der äquatorialguineischen Insel Bioko endemisch ist und vor allem im Südwesten der Insel lebt.

Pennant's colobus or Pennant's red colobus (Piliocolobus pennantii) is a species of tree-dwelling primate in the family Cercopithecidae. It is endemic to tropical Central Africa. Three subspecies have traditionally been recognised but its distribution is peculiarly disjunct and has been considered a biogeographical puzzle, with one population on the island of Bioko (Equatorial Guinea), a second in the Niger River Delta in southern Nigeria, and a third in east-central Republic of Congo. It is found in rainforests and marshy forests. It is threatened by habitat loss and hunting for bushmeat.

El colobo de Pennant (Piliocolobus pennantii) es una especie de primate catarrino de la familia Cercopithecidae. Su distribución es particularmente dispersa, con una población en la isla de Bioko (Guinea Ecuatorial), una segunda en el delta del río Níger en el sudeste de Nigeria y una tercera en el centro-oriente de la República del Congo.​​ Se le encuentra en selvas y matorrales. Está amenazada por la pérdida de hábitat y la caza por su carne y una subespecie, P. p. bouvieri, está clasificada como en peligro de extinción,​ con el temor que se hubiera extinguido, ya que no se han confirmado avistamientos durante al menos 20 años.,​ hasta que en abril de 2015 se fotografío un ejemplar con cría en el parque nacional Ntokou-Pikounda de la República del Congo.​ La subespecie P. p. pennantii se incluye en la lista de Los 25 primates en mayor peligro del mundo.​

Se reconocen tres subespecies de este colobo:​

Piliocolobus pennantii pennantii Piliocolobus pennantii epieni Piliocolobus pennantii bouvieri

Groves en 2007 elevó a rango de especie a P. p. epieni y P. p. bouvieri como P. epieni y P. bouvieri, respectivamente,​​ teniéndose evidencia genética preliminar que apoya al menos la promoción de P. epieni.​

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Piliocolobus pennantii Piliocolobus generoko animalia da. Primateen barruko Colobinae azpifamilia eta Cercopithecidae familian sailkatuta dago

Pennantinruostegueretsa (Piliocolobus pennantii) on Piliocolobus-sukuun kuuluva laji. Sillä on muiden suvun lajien tapaan pieni pää, pyöreä vatsa ja pitkä selkä. Sen raajat ovat pitkät. Laji muodostaa 12-82 yksilön laumoja. Se hyppää taitavasti suurtenkin puustossa olevien aukkojen yli. Pennantinruostegueretsaa esiintyy joillakin alueilla Keski-Afrikan läntisessä osassa. Naaraan tiineys kestää noin 4-5 kuukautta ja poikasia syntyy yksi kerrallaan. Pennantinruostegueretsa syö lehtiä, kukkia, siemeniä ja hedelmiä. Laji on äärimmäisen uhanalainen.

Colobe bai de Zanzibar, Colobe bai de Pennant

Piliocolobus pennantii (syn. Procolobus pennantii) est une espèce en danger critique d'extinction qui fait partie des Primates. C’est un colobe, un singe de la famille des Cercopithecidae, appelé en français Colobe bai de Zanzibar ou Colobe bai de Pennant. La classification de cette espèce est encore discutée.

Colobus Pennant atau colobus merah Pennant (Procolobus pennantii) adalah sebuah spesies primata pemanjat pohon dalam keluarga Cercopithecidae. Hewan tersebut adalah endemik dari Afrika Tengah tropis.

Il colobo rosso di Pennant o colobo di Pennant (Piliocolobus pennantii Waterhouse, 1838) è un primate della famiglia dei Cercopitecidi.

Procolobus pennantii é uma espécie de primata da família Cercopithecidae. Sua distribuição geográfica é peculiarmente disjunta e tem sido considerada um problema biogeográfico, com uma população na ilha Bioko (Guiné Equatorial), uma segunda no delta do rio Níger no sul da Nigéria, e outra no centro-leste da República do Congo. É encontrando em florestas chuvosas e pantanosas. Está ameaçado de extinção principalmente por conda ta perda do habitat e caça, e uma subespécie, bouvieri, é listada como "criticamente em perigo", com a possibilidade de já estar extinta, já que não exitem registros confirmados há pelo menos 20 anos.

São reconhecidas três subespécies:

Procolobus pennantii pennantii Procolobus pennantii epieni Procolobus pennantii bouvieri

Entretanto, Groves (2007) elevou P. p. epieni, e P. p. bouvieri paraP. epieni e P. bouvieri, respectivamente.

Piliocolobus pennantii (tidigare Procolobus pennantii) är en däggdjursart som först beskrevs av Waterhouse 1838. Piliocolobus pennantii ingår i släktet röda guerezor och familjen markattartade apor. IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som akut hotad. Det svenska trivialnamnet Pennants guereza förekommer för arten.

Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life. Wilson & Reeder (2005) skiljer mellan tre underarter.

Опис

Довжина голови й тіла: 53-63 см. Довжина хвоста: 60-70 см. Вага: 11 кг. Має струнку будову і редукований великий палець. Колір хутра різний, як правило, верх голови червонувато-чорний, спина, ступні й хвіст темно-коричневі, живіт, передні кінцівки і задні ноги сірі.

Поширення

Країни проживання: Конго; Екваторіальна Гвінея; Нігерія. Населяє в основному тропічні ліси.

Стиль життя

Ці тварини є денними і деревними, вони живуть у великих групах, які складаються з багатьох самців і самиць і молодих тварин. Дієта складається з листя, плодів, пагонів та інших рослинних матеріалів.

Загрози та охорона

Загрози: руйнування середовища проживання, полюванням задля м'яса та хутра. Внесений в Додаток II СІТЕС і класу B Африканського Конвенції про збереження природи і природних ресурсів. Проживає в англ. Gran Caldera and Southern Highlands Scientific Reserve (510 км²) і, можливо, в англ. Pico Basile National Park (330 км²).

Посилання

• Oates, J.F., Struhsaker, T. & Ting, N. 2008. Procolobus pennantii. In: IUCN 2013 (англ.)
• ARKive (англ.)

Procolobus pennantii là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Cercopithecidae, bộ Linh trưởng. Loài này được Waterhouse mô tả năm 1838.

Международное научное название

Piliocolobus pennantii (Waterhouse, 1838)

Ареал

Охранный статус
Систематика
на Викивидах
Изображения
на Викискладе ITIS 944235NCBI 591944

Гвинейский колобус (лат. Piliocolobus pennantii) — вид обезьян семейства мартышковых отряда приматов, один из видов рода Красные колобусы. Вид сильно уязвим ввиду разрушения естественной среды обитания и охоты. Один из подвидов, P. n. bouvieri считается находящимся в критической опасности — несмотря на то, что в 2015 году было задокументировано его присутствие в дикой природе, он может быть на краю вымирания.^[1][2]

Таксономия

Впервые был описан Джорджем Уотерхаусом, куратором музея при Лондонским зоологическим обществом и назван в честь натуралиста Томаса Пеннанта. Традиционно выделяют три подвида: Piliocolobus pennantii pennantii, Piliocolobus pennantii epieni и Piliocolobus pennantii bouvieri. Впрочем в 2007 году Колин Гровс поднял P. p. epieni и P. p. bouvieri до статуса вида.^[3][4] Эта точка зрения поддерживается не всеми, однако есть генетические подтверждения того, что по крайней мере Piliocolobus epieni должен быть выделен в отдельный вид.^[5]

Описание

Примат среднего размера, длина тела составляет от 53 до 63 см, длина хвоста от 60 до 70 см. Вес от 7 до 10 кг. Голова небольшая, конечности сильно вытянуты. Пальцы длинные, большой палец не отстоит. Окрас различается у разных подвидов, в целом шерсть чёрная или тёмно-коричневая, морда и конечности каштаново-коричневые или красноватые, брюхо светло-коричневое. Хвост очень длинный, используется для балансировки.^[6]

Распространение

Встречается в нескольких изолированных локациях на западе Центральной Африки. Номинативный подвид P. p. pennantii является эндемиком острова Биоко, площадью всего 32 км, расположенному у берегов Экваториальной Гвинеи. Подвид P. p. bouvieri встречается в Республике Конго на правом берегу реки Конго. P. p. epieni встречается в дельте реки Нигер в Нигерии.^[5] Населяет влажные леса, как первичные, так и вторичные, а также болотистые районы.^[7]

Поведение

Образует крупные группы от двенадцати до восьмидесяти особей, занимающие территорию до 25 до 150 гектар. В группе несколько самцов и большое количество самок с потомством. Большую часть времени проводят на деревьях.^[1] Беременность длится около пяти месяцев, в помёте обычно один детёныш.^[1] Рацион состоит преимущественно из свежих листьев, а также цветов, фруктов и семян. Желудок многокамерный, приспособлен к перевариванию свежей растительной пищи.^[8]

Статус популяции

Международный союз охраны природы присвоил охранный статус «В опасности» номинативному подвиду P. pennantii, поскольку его ареал составляет менее 500 км², и он является объектом охоты.^[9] Подвид P. epieni находится в критической опасности, его популяция сократилась более, чем на 80 % за 30 лет,^[10] подвид P. bouvieri также находится в критической опасности, в дикой природе его не наблюдали с 1970-х годов до 2015 года, когда появилось одно фотосвидетельство его присутствия в одном из национальных парков Республики Конго, однако считается, что этот подвид находится на грани вымирания.^[2][5][11]

Примечания

Гвинейский колобус (лат. Piliocolobus pennantii) — вид обезьян семейства мартышковых отряда приматов, один из видов рода Красные колобусы. Вид сильно уязвим ввиду разрушения естественной среды обитания и охоты. Один из подвидов, P. n. bouvieri считается находящимся в критической опасности — несмотря на то, что в 2015 году было задокументировано его присутствие в дикой природе, он может быть на краю вымирания.

페넌트콜로부스(Procolobus pennantii)는 긴꼬리원숭이과에 속하는 영장류의 하나이다. 이들 개체군은 비오코섬 (적도기니)과 나이지리아 동부의 니제르 강 삼각주 그리고 콩고 공화국 중동부에 각각 격리되어, 기묘하게 분포하고 있어 생물지리학적 수수께기의 하나로 간주되고 있다. 우림과 습지 늪에서 발견된다. 서식지 파괴와 부쉬미트를 위한 사냥으로 멸종 위기에 처해 있으며, 아종 "부비에"(bouvieri)는 심각한 멸종 위기종으로 분류되고 있으며 적어도 지난 20년동안 목격된 적이 없어서, 일부는 이미 멸종된 것으로 보기도 한다.

다음과 같은 3종의 아종이 있다.

비오코붉은콜로부스 (Procolobus pennantii pennantii) 나이저삼각주붉은콜로부스 (Procolobus pennantii epieni) 부비어붉은콜로부스 (Procolobus pennantii bouvieri)