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Hewittia malabarica ist die einzige Pflanzenart der Gattung Hewittia aus der Familie der Windengewächse (Convolvulaceae). Sie kommt in tropischen Regionen Afrikas und Asiens vor; auf Jamaika ist sie ein Neophyt.
Hewittia malabarica sind windende oder niederliegende, ausdauernde, krautige Pflanzen, die Wuchshöhen von 1 bis 2 m erreichen. Die Sprossachsen sind mehr oder weniger fein behaart, an den Nodien bilden sich oftmals Wurzeln. Die Laubblätter stehen an 1 bis 6 cm langen Blattstielen, die Blattspreiten sind eiförmig, 3 bis 10 cm lang und 3 bis 8 cm breit. Sie sind mit anliegenden Trichomen besetzt oder nahezu unbehaart, gelegentlich sind sie auch drüsig gepunktet. Der Blattrand ist bewimpert, ganzrandig oder das Blatt ist mehrlappig, die Blattbasis ist herzförmig, spießförmig oder abgeschnitten. Nach vorn sind die Blätter spitz zulaufend, stachelspitzig oder mit lang auslaufender Spitze.
Die Pflanzen blühen ganzjährig und bilden ebenso ganzjährig Früchte. Die Blütenstände bestehen meist nur aus einer Blüte. Diese stehen an 1,5 bis 10 cm langen Blütenstandsstielen, die Tragblätter sind langgestreckt-lanzettlich, nach vorn zugespitzt, fein behaart und 0,7 bis 1,5 cm lang. Der Blütenstiel ist 2 bis 4 mm lang. Die zwittrigen, radiärsymmetrischen Blüten sind fünfzählig. Die fünf Kelchblätter sind ungleichmäßig geformt, auf der nach außen weisenden Seite fein behaart. Die äußeren drei Kelchblätter sind breit eiförmig, 0,9 bis 1,5 cm lang und 0,6 bis 0,9 cm breit. Die inneren zwei Kelchblätter sind langgestreckt-lanzettlich und etwas kürzer. Die Krone ist 2 bis 2,5 cm lang, blassgelb oder weißlich mit einem violetten Zentrum. Entlang der Mitte der einzelnen Kronblätter verläuft ein Streifen mit dichter, feiner Behaarung. Die Staubblätter sind 9 mm lang, die Staubfäden sind an der Basis fein behaart, die Staubbeutel sind eiförmig-dreieckig. Der oberständige Fruchtknoten ist zottig behaart.
Die eingedrückt kugelförmige Kapselfrüchte werden vom beständigen und sich vergrößernden Kelch umschlossen. Sie haben einen Durchmesser von 8 bis 10 mm, sind fein behaart und enthalten höchstens vier Samen. Die Samen sind mattschwarz, eiförmig-dreieckig und 4 bis 6 mm lang. Das Hilum ist fein behaart, die restliche Samenoberfläche ist unbehaart.
Die Chromosomenzahl beträgt 2n = 30.
Hewittia malabarica ist in Afrika und Asien beheimatet, kommt auch als eingeschleppte Pflanze auf Jamaika vor. Sie wächst an sonnigen Standorten auf meist sandigen Boden in Dickichten, an Straßenrändern, auf gerodeten Waldflächen, an Flussufern und in Plantagen. In China kommt sie in Höhenlagen zwischen 0 und 600 m vor.
Die Erstveröffentlichung erfolgte 1753 unten den Namen (Basionym) Convolvulus malabaricus durch Carl von Linné. Die Neukombination zu Hewittia malabarica (L.) Suresh wurde 1988 durch Cheriyachanasseri Ramachandran Suresh veröffentlicht. Weitere Synonyme für Hewittia malabarica (L.) Suresh sind: Hewittia asarifolia Klotzsch, Hewittia barbeyana Chod. & Roulet, Hewittia bicolor (Vahl) Wight & Arn., Hewittia hirta Klotzsch, Hewittia puccioniana (Chiov.) Verdc., Hewittia scandens (Milne) Mabb., Hewittia sublobata (L.f.) Kuntze.[1] Der Gattungsname Hewittia ehrt den englischen Botaniker und Phrenologen Hewett Watson (1804–1881).[2]
Hewittia malabarica ist die einzige Pflanzenart der Gattung Hewittia aus der Familie der Windengewächse (Convolvulaceae). Sie kommt in tropischen Regionen Afrikas und Asiens vor; auf Jamaika ist sie ein Neophyt.
Hewittia malabarica is a flowering plant in the monotypic genus Hewittia Wight & Arn., belonging to the family Convolvulaceae and widespread throughout tropical Africa, Asia, and Polynesia. It is a climbing or prostrate perennial herb with slender stems and flowers that are pale yellow, cream, or white with a purple center, and large leaves that can be used as a cooked vegetable or used in folk medicine with the roots. The stems can be used to make ropes.
Hewittia malabarica is close in form to some Convolvulus species.[2] It is a twining,[3][4] climbing or prostrate,[2][5] herbaceous perennial plant.[6][7][8] with a stem that is velvet-hairy[8] or pubescent (covered in downy hairs) [5][7] and slender[2][5][6] that is up to 1–3 m (3 ft 3 in – 9 ft 10 in) long.[5][6][7] These long stems can twin or climb into the surrounding vegetation, or they scramble over the ground where they occasionally form new roots at the nodes.[6][7][5]
The leaves are arranged alternately,[5] with a petiole (leaf stalk) that is between 1–9 cm (0–4 in) long.[5][7][8] They are oblong to obovate (teardrop) shaped,[8][3][7] and 2–14 cm (1–6 in) long,[3] and 3–10 cm (1–4 in) wide,[5][8][7] with an entire (smooth) or dentate (toothed) edge and an acuminate (with a long point) apex.[8][3][7] They are pilose (having soft separate hairs) to velvety (hairy on the surface), with a cordate (heart shaped) or hastate (shaped like an halberd) base.[5][3][7]
In Pondoland, Cape Province, South Africa, it blooms in May, whereas in China, it flowers and fruits nearly all year.[7]
the 1-3 axillary (arising from the axil) flowers borne on each cyme[5][3][2][7] are found near the leaf joint,.[3] Each flower is bracteate (with bracts),[2][5] with a peduncle (flower stalk) between 1.5–10 cm (1–4 in) long.[5][7] The bracts are oblong-lanceolate shaped,[3] 0.7–1.5 cm (0–1 in) long, pubescent (covered with short, soft hairs) and acuminate (tapering to a point).[7] The inflorescences are bisexual (bearing both male and female reproductive organs),[5] with a pedicel (flower stalk) up to 3 cm long.[5][7] It has 5 sepals,[5][3] which are lanceolate to ovate shaped and up to 17 mm long.[5][7] The outer 3 are much larger than the inner 2 sepals,[5][3] and it can be identified from other similar coloured morning glory flowers by its overlapping sepals.[8] The corolla (the collective term for the petals) are campanulate (bell-shaped,[3]) to funnel-shaped,[2][5] 2–3.5 cm (1–1 in) long.[5][3][7] They are pale yellow, cream or white with a purple center,[2][3][7] The petals are pilose (covered with soft, weak, thin, and separated hairs) on the outside in 5 bands.[5][7]
The stamens are about 9 mm long,[7] located within the corolla tube and also enclosed.[5][3] It has a superior ovary (located above the flower),[5] which is 1 or 2 celled,[3] and hairy,[5] or villous (covered with long, soft, straight hairs).[7] The style is filiform (thread-like) and the 2 stigmas are ovate-oblong shaped.[5][3][9] The anthers are ovoid-deltoid shaped.[7]
After flowering it produces a seed capsule (or fruit), which is depressed globose (almost spherical) to quadrangular (almost square).[5][8][3] It is pilose (has soft separate hairs),[5][7][2] has 4 valves and measures about 8–10 mm (0–0 in) in diameter.[5][8][7] Inside are 2-4 black, sub-globose seeds, which are 3–6 mm (0–0 in) in diameter.[5][8][7] It has a persistent style.[3][7]
It has a chromosome no. = 2n=30.[5][7]
In China, it is known as 'zhu cai teng' and in India as 'paymoostey'.[2] In India, it has the common name Malabar Bindweed.[8][10] It is also known as 'Hewitt's Dwarf Morning Glory' in South Africa.[11]
The genus name, Hewittia, is in honour of Hewett Watson (1804–1881), an English phrenologist, botanist and evolutionary theorist.[12] The Latin specific epithet malabarica is the feminine form of malabaricus, meaning coming from or related to Malabar, India.[13]
Hewittia malabarica was originally described and published by D.H.Nicolson, C.R.Suresh & K.S.Manilal in 'An Interpretation of Van Rheede's Hortus Malabaricus' on page 88 in 1988.[1][7]
The genus Hewittia has several synonyms including Eremosperma Chiov., Kethosia Raf., Palmia Endl., Sanilum Raf. and Shutereia Choisy. It was first published in Madras J. Lit. Sci. Vol.5 on page 22 in 1837.[14] The genus is recognized by the United States Department of Agriculture and the Agricultural Research Service, but they do not list any known species.[15] The synonyms of the species are listed in the taxobox (top righthand corner).
Its widespread native range is the Tropical & subtropical Old World,[1] which includes throughout tropical Africa, Asia and Polynesia.[5][8]
It is found in the countries of Angola,[16] Bangladesh, Benin, Borneo, Burundi, Cambodia,[7] Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, China (south-central and south-east, in Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Taiwan and Yunnan,[7]), Eswatini, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Hainan (a province of China),[7] India (including Assam),[7] Ivory Coast, Jawa, Kenya, Laos,[7] Lesser Sunda Islands, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi,[17] Malaya,[7] Mali, Maluku, Mozambique,[18] Myanmar,[7] New Guinea,[7] Nigeria, Philippines,[7] Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa,[4] (including the regions of the Cape Provinces, the Northern Provinces, and KwaZulu-Natal), Sri Lanka, Sudan,[19] Sumatra, Taiwan,[20] Tanzania,[21] Thailand,[22] Togo, Uganda,[19] Vietnam,[7] Zambia,[23] Zaire and Zimbabwe.[1]
It has been introduced and naturalized in Jamaica.[5][7]
It grows in grassland, in woodlands and forests (mixed open types[5]), along the edges of forests,[3][5][24] in bushveld,[24][19] forest clearings,[7] along roadsides,[3][7][5] along dry watercourses,[5] and along stream banks.[7][24]
In Africa. it grows at altitudes of 0–1,800 metres (0–5,906 ft) above sea level,[6][5][3] in China it only reaches about 600 m.[7] It is considered as a ruderal or agrestal (wild in cultivated fields) weed,[21][24] in cultivated areas,[3][5] and waste ground.[19]
It is listed as least concern on the Red List of South African Plants.[24]
It can be grown on a wide range of soil types but will grow best in deep sandy loams with permanent moisture.[6]
In Tanzania, the plant grows in areas where the mean annual rainfall is in the range of 1,100 - 2,100 mm. It also grows in areas with a pronounced dry season and also in those with almost no dry season.[6]
It can be grown from seed.[25]
It has various uses; as well as being an edible plant, it has medicinal uses, is used in rope making, and is also an ornamental garden plant.[25][6]
It is used in folk medicine, where the leaves are rubbed on sores.[26]
In the China, the leaf is used in an oral decoction and in baths.[27] A root decoction is drunk to rid the body of Oxyuris or 'threadworms'.[26]
The leaves are used as a cooked vegetable,[2] they are collected from the wild and then cooked.[5] It is often available when other vegetables are scarce.[6]
They are chopped up, boiled, the water is then drained and the vegetable is mixed with pounded groundnuts or coconut milk and eaten with ugali or rice. Alternatively, the leaf is cooked with other vegetables such as Amaranthus or bidens, coconut milk or groundnut paste is then added and the whole mixture is served with a staple such as rice.[6][25]
In Uganda, they are popular with the Langi people, who use it for a traditional dish called 'onyebe'.[5]
It is also occasionally grown as an ornamental plant and also as a ground cover in plantations.[6] In Madagascar, it is used as a cover-plant in plantations of 'ylang-ylang' (Cananga odorata (Lam.) Hook f. & Thomson) and it is also grazed by cattle.[5] It is used as cattle fodder in Benin with a wide range of other plants.[28] The fiber from the inner bark is also used to make ropes.[5][6]
Hewittia malabarica is a flowering plant in the monotypic genus Hewittia Wight & Arn., belonging to the family Convolvulaceae and widespread throughout tropical Africa, Asia, and Polynesia. It is a climbing or prostrate perennial herb with slender stems and flowers that are pale yellow, cream, or white with a purple center, and large leaves that can be used as a cooked vegetable or used in folk medicine with the roots. The stems can be used to make ropes.
Hewittia malabarica es una especie de plantas con flores perteneciente a la familia de las convolvuláceas.
Especie postrada o hierba perennifolia. Tiene hojas oblongas u ovadas, de hasta 14 cm de longitud, variable o cordadas en la base, aterciopelada o con pelos en ambas superficies, margen entero o dentado. Inflorescencia con 1-3-flores en grupos. Corola de color amarillo pálido o blanquecino con un oscuro color rojo púrpura centro. El fruto es una cápsula esférica a casi cuadrada, peluda, coronada con el estilo persistente.
Notas:Varias especies del género Merremia también pueden tener flores de colores similares. Se pueden distinguir por las hojas que son pinnadas o palmeadas lobuladas o compuestas.
La especie se encuentra en África y Asia. Crece en lugares soleados en suelo de arena en forma de matorrales, en las carreteras, en las zonas forestales despejadas, en riberas de los ríos y en las plantaciones. En China, que se produce a una altitud de 0 a 600 m.
Hewittia malabarica fue descrita por (Carlos Linneo) Suresh y publicado en An Interpretation of Van Rheede's Hortus Malabaricus 88. 1988.[1]
Datos: Q9003381
Multimedia:
Especies: Hewittia malabarica
Hewittia malabarica es una especie de plantas con flores perteneciente a la familia de las convolvuláceas.
Hewittia malabarica est une espèce de plantes dicotylédones de la famille des Convolvulaceae, originaire des régions tropicales d'Afrique et d'Asie. Ce sont des plantes herbacées grimpantes ou prostrées, aux feuilles alternes simples, dont les tiges peuvent atteindre 3 mètres de long. C'est l'unique espèce du genre Hewittia (genre monotypique).
Le nom générique « Hewittia » est un hommage à John Hewitt (1880-1961), zoologiste et naturaliste anglais[2].
Selon The Plant List (12 juillet 2019)[1] :
Hewittia malabarica est une espèce de plantes dicotylédones de la famille des Convolvulaceae, originaire des régions tropicales d'Afrique et d'Asie. Ce sont des plantes herbacées grimpantes ou prostrées, aux feuilles alternes simples, dont les tiges peuvent atteindre 3 mètres de long. C'est l'unique espèce du genre Hewittia (genre monotypique).
Hewittia malabarica là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Bìm bìm. Loài này được (L.) Suresh mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1988.[1]
Hewittia malabarica là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Bìm bìm. Loài này được (L.) Suresh mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1988.
吊鐘藤（学名：Hewittia malabarica）为旋花科吊鐘藤屬下的一个种。
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