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Yellow-cheeked chipmunks make burrows for stashing food and avoiding predators. These burrows are extensive and made in dense undergrowth and downed trees. These animals rely on coastal redwood forests and mixed coniferous or Douglas fir forests for their habitat; although they are rarely found in the tree canopy. A study showed significantly greater densities of chipmunks of this group in old growth, versus secondary forests.
Range elevation: Sea level to 1280 m.
Habitat Regions: temperate ; terrestrial
Terrestrial Biomes: forest
At the end of winter and beginning of spring, a significant portion of their diet consists of fungi. The rest of the year their diet is very broad. The following dietary items of yellow-cheeked chipmunks are based on the contents of cheek pouches: western raspberry, buckthorn, blue-blossom, wax myrtle, California huckleberry, poison oak, bull thistle, scotch broom, and acorns. Yellow-cheeked chipmunks may also consume insects.
Animal Foods: insects
Plant Foods: leaves; seeds, grains, and nuts; fruit; flowers
Other Foods: fungus
Foraging Behavior: stores or caches food
Primary Diet: carnivore (Insectivore ); herbivore (Folivore , Frugivore , Granivore ); mycophage
Since yellow-cheeked chipmunks are both ground dwelling and semi-arboreal, they are a possible vector of disease and parasite transfer to both woodrats and tree squirrels as they share habitats with both species. They are known hosts of western black-legged ticks (Ixodid pacificus). As with the diet of all chipmunks, their foraging behavior and tendency to stash food in burrows makes them important seed dispersers, although some chipmunks may destroy certain types of seeds. Chipmunks are important in the spread of mycorrhizal fungi.
Ecosystem Impact: disperses seeds
Commensal/Parasitic Species:
Chipmunks have immeasurable value to humans as dispersers of seeds and mycorrhizal fungi.
Chipmunks can become pests, they form dense populations and their nesting and feeding habits are very general. When living in close proximity to humans they can cause destruction to gardens, homes, and campsites. Tamias ochrogenys are known hosts of western black-legged ticks (Ixodid pacificus). These ticks are known to transmit Anaplasma phagocytophilum, a bacterium that causes granulocytic anaplasmosis in humans, domestic animals and wildlife. Chipmunks have been identified as vectors for various other tick transmitted diseases, and even the Hantavirus.
Negative Impacts: injures humans (carries human disease)
Yellow-cheeked chipmunks are common within their range and currently, no major threats have been identified. Population estimates for the species exceed 10,000 individuals and the population is reported to be stable.
US Federal List: no special status
CITES: no special status
State of Michigan List: no special status
Yellow-cheeked chipmunks produce low frequency calls, as compared to their close relatives. They consist of two quick chirps that are repeated. These calls are considered diagnostic of the species and have been used to confirm the elevation of T. ochrogenys from a subspecies. Chipmunks also use visual cues to communicate with each other.
Communication Channels: visual ; acoustic
Perception Channels: visual ; tactile ; acoustic ; chemical
Yellow-cheeked, or redwood chipmunks (Tamias ochrogenys), have a narrow distribution in California. Their home range is a small patch along the coast of the northern part of the state that extends no more than 40 kilometers from the shore. The range of this species begins in Sonoma County and extends north to the Eel River, in Humbolt County. Their entire range is less than 20,000 kilometers squared.
Biogeographic Regions: nearctic (Native )
No reliable data exists specifically for this species. However, in one study, the longest lived specimen of T. ochrogenys was two years old. This was hypothesized to be a gross underestimate of their lifespan. Eastern chipmunks, a close relative of yellow-cheeked chipmunks, live 3 to 4 years.
Yellow-cheeked chipmunks are the largest members of the subgenus Neotamias, which includes most Townsend’s chipmunks of western North America. They range in length from 233 to 297 mm. Their tail ranges from 97 to 130 mm in length. Their pelage markings consist of alternating bands of black (5 bands) and light tan (4 bands) running dorsally along their back. Two other sets of bands of similar coloration are present above and below their eyes. As with other chipmunks of the group Neotamias, pale tan or yellowish pelage covers their underbelly. The time of year and stage of molt play an important role in their pelage appearance. They shed twice each year, in the fall, then again in the spring. Their winter coat is notably longer, softer, and denser. There are three prominent characteristics that distinguish T. ochrogenys from other members of the Neotamias group including genetics, chip vocalization, and anatomical variation (of genitalia). The chip vocalization consists of paired syllables, resulting in a “chip-chip” call. The baculum of T. ochrogenys is longer and thicker than that of other Neotamias chipmunks. Yellow-cheeked chipmunks show slight sexual dimorphism, females are about five percent larger than males on average. Their dental formula is 1/1 0/0 2/1 3/3 total=22.
Range mass: 78 to 117.5 g.
Average mass: 94.1 g.
Range length: 233 to 297 mm.
Other Physical Features: endothermic ; homoiothermic; bilateral symmetry
Sexual Dimorphism: female larger
Predators of yellow-cheeked chipmunks possibly include skunks, minks, weasels, martens, domestic cats, and numerous owl and hawk species. They use burrows and lower branches of trees to escape predation. Chipmunks use alarm calls to deter and confuse predators. These calls also warn other chipmunks in the area of possible danger.
Known Predators:
Anti-predator Adaptations: cryptic
In a year, females will have no more than one litter. No data were found specific to this species, but in other species of chipmunks, females are in estrus for only one day and usually mate with multiple males.
Mating System: polygynandrous (promiscuous)
Males are in breeding condition during March, April, and May. Male testes increase in size during reproductive periods. Their testes are the largest in late March through June and gradually shrink through the fall months. Females begin to enter breeding condition about a month later than males, and maintain it for about two months longer. Litters range from two to five individuals, with an average litter size of four.
Breeding interval: Yellow-cheeked chipmunks breed once yearly.
Breeding season: Yellow-cheeked chipmunks breed during mid-March and into the summer months.
Range number of offspring: 2 to 5.
Average number of offspring: 4.
Key Reproductive Features: iteroparous ; seasonal breeding ; gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual ; viviparous
There was no data found for this specific species; however, the young of most chipmunks are altricial.
Parental Investment: altricial
Neotamias ochrogenys ye una especie de royedor de la familia Sciuridae.
Ye un Endemismu de les zones cerca de la mariña del norte de California nos Estaos Xuníos.
L'esquirol llistat de galtes grogues (Neotamias ochrogenys) és una espècie de rosegador de la família dels esciúrids. És endèmic de Califòrnia (Estats Units). S'alimenta de llavors, fruita, fongs i insectes. El seu hàbitat natural és el sotabosc dels boscos costaners de sequoiòidies i boscos mixtos de coníferes. Es creu que no hi ha cap amenaça significativa per a la supervivència d'aquesta espècie.[1]
L'esquirol llistat de galtes grogues (Neotamias ochrogenys) és una espècie de rosegador de la família dels esciúrids. És endèmic de Califòrnia (Estats Units). S'alimenta de llavors, fruita, fongs i insectes. El seu hàbitat natural és el sotabosc dels boscos costaners de sequoiòidies i boscos mixtos de coníferes. Es creu que no hi ha cap amenaça significativa per a la supervivència d'aquesta espècie.
Das Gelbwangen-Streifenhörnchen (Tamias ochrogenys, Syn.: Neotamias ochrogenys) ist eine Hörnchenart aus der Gattung der Streifenhörnchen (Tamias). Es kommt im Küstengebiet im Norden des amerikanischen Bundesstaates Kalifornien vor.
Das Gelbwangen-Streifenhörnchen erreicht eine durchschnittliche Kopf-Rumpf-Länge von etwa 14,7 bis 15,2 Zentimetern, die Schwanzlänge beträgt etwa 10,9 bis 11,5 Zentimeter und das Gewicht etwa 70 bis 90 Gramm. Wie bei anderen Arten der Gattung ist das Fell braun und auf dem Rücken befinden sich mehrere dunkle Rückenstreifen, die durch hellere Streifen getrennt und gegenüber den Körperseiten abgegrenzt sind. Von anderen Arten der Verwandtschaftsgruppe um das Townsend-Streifenhörnchen (Tamias townsendii), zu denen zudem das Allen-Streifenhörnchen (Tamias senex) und das Siskiyou-Streifenhörnchen (Tamias siskiyou) gehören, unterscheidet sich die Art durch die etwas größeren Körpermaße, den dünneren Schwanz, die Form des Penisknochens und die Kommunikationslaute. Vom Sonoma-Streifenhörnchen (Tamias sonomae) und dem Merriam-Streifenhörnchen (Tamias merriami), das südlich der Bucht von San Francisco vorkommt, unterscheidet es sich ebenfalls durch die Körpergröße sowie durch die dunklere Fellfarbe und den kürzeren Schwanz.[1]
Das Gelbwangen-Streifenhörnchen kommt im Küstengebiet im Nordwesten des amerikanischen Bundesstaates Kalifornien vom Van Duzen River und Eel River bis zum Süden des Sonoma County nördlich von Bodega und Freestone vor.[1][2]
Gelbwangen-Streifenhörnchen leben in den nordkalifornischen Küstengebieten in den vom Küstenmammutbaum (Sequoia sempervirens) geprägten Redwood-Wäldern,[1] unter anderem im Redwood-Nationalpark. Es bevorzugt Nadelwaldzonen mit dichtem Unterholz, der Lebensraum ist auf einen Küstenstreifen bis maximal 40 Kilometer Abstand zur Küste und Höhenlagen bis 1280 Meter begrenzt.[1] Die Art ist tagaktiv und primär bodenlebend, kann jedoch auch in Bäume und Gebüsche klettern. Die Tiere ernähren sich vor allem herbivor von Pflanzenteilen, Samen und Früchten, hinzu kommen Pilze und Insekten.[1] Es lebt vor allem in dichten Unterholz und den Gebüschen und ist daher nur schwer zu finden; typisch ist allerdings der niederfrequente und zweiteilige Ruf der Tiere, der sich von dem verwandter Arten unterscheidet.[1]
Über die Fortpflanzung liegen nur wenige Daten vor. Die Männchen sind vom März bis Juni fortpflanzungsfähig, ein trächtiges Weibchen mit vier Embryonen wurde Mitte März gefangen.[1] Aufgrund von Tonaufnahmen von intermediären Rufen wird angenommen, dass es im kalifornischen Humboldt County auch zu Verpaarungen und Hybriden zwischen Gelbwangen-Streifenhörnchen und Allen-Streifenhörnchen (Tamias senex) kommt.[1]
Über Prädatoren liegen keine Informationen vor, als Parasiten sind Dasselfliegen (Gattung Cuterebra) und die Tierlaus Hoplopleura arboricola dokumentiert.[1]
Das Gelbwangen-Streifenhörnchen wird als eigenständige Art innerhalb der Gattung der Streifenhörnchen (Tamias) eingeordnet, die aus 25 Arten besteht.[3] Die wissenschaftliche Erstbeschreibung stammt von dem amerikanischen Naturforscher Clinton Hart Merriam aus dem Jahr 1897, der es als Eutamias townsendi ochrogenys anhand von Individuen aus der Region um Mendocino im Mendocino County, Kalifornien, beschrieb.[3][4] Innerhalb der Streifenhörnchen wird das Gelbwangen-Streifenhörnchen gemeinsam mit den meisten anderen Arten der Untergattung Neotamias zugeordnet, die auch als eigenständige Gattung diskutiert wird.[5] Teilweise wird und wurde das Gelbwangen-Streifenhörnchen als Unterart des Townsend-Streifenhörnchen (Tamias townsendii) betrachtet.[3][2]
Innerhalb der Art werden neben der Nominatform keine weiteren Unterarten unterschieden.[1]
Das Gelbwangen-Streifenhörnchen wird von der International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) trotz des begrenzten Verbreitungsgebietes von weniger als 20.000 km2 als „nicht gefährdet“ (Least Concern, LC) eingeordnet. Begründet wird dies durch das regelmäßige Vorkommen in seinem Verbreitungsgebiet sowie das Fehlen von bestandsgefährdenden Risiken.[2]
Das Gelbwangen-Streifenhörnchen (Tamias ochrogenys, Syn.: Neotamias ochrogenys) ist eine Hörnchenart aus der Gattung der Streifenhörnchen (Tamias). Es kommt im Küstengebiet im Norden des amerikanischen Bundesstaates Kalifornien vor.
The yellow-cheeked chipmunk (Neotamias ochrogenys), also known as the redwood chipmunk, is a species of rodent in the squirrel family, Sciuridae.[2] It is endemic to areas near the coast of northern California in the United States where it inhabits coastal coniferous forest.
The yellow-cheeked chipmunk is the largest species in the genus Neotamias and grows to a total length of 233 to 297 mm (9.2 to 11.7 in) including a tail of 97 to 130 mm (3.8 to 5.1 in). It is a dark, tawny olive with five dark longitudinal stripes on the body, the central one along the spine being the most prominent, and three on the head, where the dark stripe running across the eye has pale stripes on either side. A pale patch of fur is found immediately behind the ear. The sides of the body are ochre which gradually fades to the paler underparts, where dark gray guard hairs are tipped with white. The bushy tail is dorsoventrally flattened, the upper surface being the same color as the body and the underside being reddish-brown to orange. The guard hairs on the tail are also tipped with white. It moults in the fall and the fur in the winter is duller colored, longer, and silkier.[3]
The yellow-cheeked chipmunk is endemic to the coast region of northern California, where it is present in a strip of land nowhere wider than 40 km (25 mi). The southern end of its range is a few kilometers north of Bodega Bay and Freestone in Sonoma County and the northern end is the Eel River in Humboldt County. It occurs at altitudes up to 1,280 m (4,200 ft) in the humid coastal strip of coniferous forest where an understory of shrubby growth occurs.[3]
The yellow-cheeked chipmunk is secretive in its habits and rarely seen, but it can be heard emitting its characteristic shrill double-syllable "chuck-chuck" call which is relatively low-pitched compared to other chipmunk species.[3] This is repeated at regular intervals and is most similar to the call of Townsend's chipmunk (Neotamias townsendii). Little is known of the reproductive habits of the yellow-cheeked chipmunk, but a female carrying four fetuses was caught in March and the testes of males are largest from March to June.[3]
The yellow-cheeked chipmunk feeds on the seeds and fruits of a variety of plants.[3] Grass seeds have been found in its cheek pouches, so it may store some food for later use. In the early part of the year, fungi are eaten and the acorns from oak trees and the seed capsules of stoneseed are eaten over a long period of the year. Insect wings have been found among the stomach contents, so some animal food may also be consumed.[3]
Although the yellow-cheeked chipmunk has a limited range with a total area of occupancy of only 20,000 km2 (7,700 sq mi), the population is steady and it faces no particular threats, so the International Union for Conservation of Nature assesses it as being of "least concern".[1]
The yellow-cheeked chipmunk (Neotamias ochrogenys), also known as the redwood chipmunk, is a species of rodent in the squirrel family, Sciuridae. It is endemic to areas near the coast of northern California in the United States where it inhabits coastal coniferous forest.
Neotamias ochrogenys es una especie de roedor de la familia Sciuridae.
Es endémica de las zonas cerca de la costa del norte de California en los Estados Unidos.
Datos: Q1761305
Multimedia:
Especies: Tamias ochrogenys
Tamias ochrogenys Tamias generoko animalia da. Karraskarien barruko Xerinae azpifamilia eta Sciuridae familian sailkatuta dago.
Tamias ochrogenys on maaoravien sukuun kuuluva jyrsijä, joka esiintyy kotoperäisenä rannikkoalueiden lähettyvillä eteläisessä Kaliforniassa, Yhdysvalloissa.[1]
Tamias ochrogenys on maaoravien sukuun kuuluva jyrsijä, joka esiintyy kotoperäisenä rannikkoalueiden lähettyvillä eteläisessä Kaliforniassa, Yhdysvalloissa.
De geelwangchipmunk (Tamias ochrogenys) is een zoogdier uit de familie van de eekhoorns (Sciuridae). De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd door Merriam in 1897.
De soort komt voor in de Verenigde Staten.
Bronnen, noten en/of referentiesDe geelwangchipmunk (Tamias ochrogenys) is een zoogdier uit de familie van de eekhoorns (Sciuridae). De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd door Merriam in 1897.
Tamias ochrogenys[2][3][4][5][6][7] är en däggdjursart som först beskrevs av Clinton Hart Merriam 1897. Den ingår i släktet jordekorrar och familjen ekorrar.[8][9] Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.[8]
En stor jordekorre med en längd mellan 23 och 30 cm, inräknat en svans mellan 10 och 13 cm. Honan är omkring 5 % större än hanen. Pälsens grundfärg är mörkt gulbrun med dragning åt grönt till mörkt ockrafärgad. Svansens ovansida är mörkt rödbrun till orange; undersidan skiljer sig inte från pälsens grundfärg.[10] På ryggen och sidorna har den 5 svarta längsband, med 4 beige band mellan de svarta. Liknande band finns ovanför och under ögonen. Buken är beige till blekgul. Arten ömsar päls två gånger per år, på vår och höst. Vinterpälsen är längre, tätare och mjukare än sommarpälsen. Käkarna har 22 tänder.[11] Honan har 8 spenar.[10]
Arten är en dagaktiv jordekorre[11] som förekommer i barrskog, bland annat i kustnära skogar av amerikansk sekvoja med tät undervegetation. Den kan gå upp till 1 280 m i bergen.[1] Den gräver ut bon för skydd och födolagring i täta buskage och under timmerstockar. Dessa är ofta omfattande system av många små tunnlar. Arten är mindre aktiv under vintern, men sover ingen vintersömn.[11]
Arten livnär sig av många olika växtdelar, som frön, frukter, ekollon och liknande. Den kan även ta insekter. Mot slutet av vintern och början av våren förtär den mycket svamp.[1][11]
Själv utgör arten byte för skunkar, vesslor, mårdar, tamkatter och ett flertal ugglor och hökar.[11]
Arten förekommer vid Kaliforniens nordvästra kust.[1]
IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som livskraftig, och populationen är stabil. Inga hot mot arten är listade.[1]
Wikispecies har information om Tamias ochrogenys.
Tamias ochrogenys är en däggdjursart som först beskrevs av Clinton Hart Merriam 1897. Den ingår i släktet jordekorrar och familjen ekorrar. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.
Neotamias ochrogenys là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Sóc, bộ Gặm nhấm. Loài này được Merriam mô tả năm 1897.[2] Đây là loài đặc hữu của khu vực gần bờ biển phía bắc California ở Hoa Kỳ, nơi nó sống ở rừng lá kim ven biển. Nó là loài lớn nhất trong chi Neotamias và có tổng chiều dài 233–297 mm bao gồm đuôi dài 97–130 mm.
Neotamias ochrogenys là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Sóc, bộ Gặm nhấm. Loài này được Merriam mô tả năm 1897. Đây là loài đặc hữu của khu vực gần bờ biển phía bắc California ở Hoa Kỳ, nơi nó sống ở rừng lá kim ven biển. Nó là loài lớn nhất trong chi Neotamias và có tổng chiều dài 233–297 mm bao gồm đuôi dài 97–130 mm.
노랑뺨다람쥐 또는 미국삼나무다람쥐(Neotamias ochrogenys)는 다람쥐과에 속하는 설치류의 일종이다.[2] 미국 캘리포니아주 북부 해안 근처의 토착종으로 해안가 침엽수림에서 서식한다.
노랑뺨다람쥐는 네오타미아스속에서 가장 큰 다람쥐 종으로 꼬리 길이 97~130mm를 포함하여 전체 몸길이가 233~297mm이다. 몸의 털은 짙은 황갈색 올리브색을 띠며, 몸 길이 방향으로 5개의 짙은 줄무늬가 있고 중앙 줄무늬가 가장 눈에 띄고 척추를 따라 이어진다. 머리에는 3개의 검은색 줄무늬가 눈을 가로질러 이어지고 양쪽의 줄무늬는 연한 색을 띤다. 귀 바로 뒷쪽에 연한 색의 반점 털이 나 있다. 몸 옆면은 주황색을 띠며 배 쪽으로 갈수록 연해지고, 끝이 흰 짙은 회색의 조모가 나 있다. 붓꼬리 형태의 꼬리는 등배쪽이 편평하고, 윗면은 몸과 같은 색을 띠는 반면에 아랫면은 불그스레한 갈색부터 오렌지색까지 띤다. 꼬리의 조모도 끝이 희다. 가을에 털갈이를 하고, 겨울철 털은 좀더 탁한 색을 띠며 길어지고 부드러워진다.[3]
노랑뺨다람쥐는 캘리포니아 북부 해안가의 토착종으로 폭 40km 이하의 기다란 띠 모양의 땅에서 발견된다. 분포 지역 남쪽 끝은 보데고 만 북쪽의 수 킬로미터 지역과 소노마 군의 프리스톤 지역이고, 북쪽 끝은 훔볼트 군의 일 강이다. 해발 최대 1280m의 가느다란 띠 모양 땅 해안가 습윤 침엽수림에서 발견되며, 관목 덤불 아래에서 서식한다.[3]
