Viola chaerophylloides (Regel) W. Becker

Herbs perennial, acaulescent, dwarf at anthesis, 4-20 cm tall, to more than 30 cm tall at fruiting. Rhizome erect, short, 3-10 mm, stout, surrounded by remains of stipules, with 3-6 robust yellowish or white roots. Basal leaves 2-6, long petiolate; stipules over 1/2 adnate to petioles, broadly lanceolate, membranous, margin sparsely denticulate and ciliate or entire, apex acuminate; petioles 3-9 cm at anthesis, usually green, sometimes purplish, glabrous, nitid, elongated at fruiting to more than 20 cm; leaf blade glabrous on both surfaces or pubescent along veins, 3-sect, segments shortly stipitate, lateral segments deeply 2-fid, central segment deeply 2- or 3-fid, terminal lobes highly variable in shape and size, ovate-lanceolate, lanceolate, oblong, or linear-lanceolate, margin irregularly dentate or shallowly divided, sometimes triparted to pinnatiparted or 3-lobed, apex obtuse or acute. Flowers white, creamy-white, or purplish, large, 2-2.5 cm in diam., fragrant; pedicels usually purplish, nitid, subequaling or exceeding leaves at anthesis, glabrous, 2-bracteolate above middle; bracteoles linear or linear-lanceolate, margin very remotely and minutely denticulate. Sepals oblong-ovate or narrowly ovate, 1-1.4 cm, basal auricles developed, 4.5-6 mm, glabrous, 3-veined, margin membranous, apex irregularly emarginate or shallowly divided. Petals broadly obovate, upper petals 1.3-1.5 cm × ca. 9 mm, lateral ones ca. 1.5 × 0.7 cm, sparsely bearded, anterior one purple-striate, 1.6-2 cm (spur included); spur long, 5-7 mm, stout, straight or slightly curved downward. Anthers 2.5-3 mm, spur of anterior 2 stamens ca. 5 mm, slender, ca. 1.5 mm in diam. Ovary ca. 2 mm, glabrous; styles ca. 3 mm, base slightly geniculate; stigmas slightly thickly margined on lateral sides and abaxially, slightly raised in central part, shortly beaked in front, with a rounded stigma hole at tip of beak. Capsule narrowly ellipsoid, large, 1-1.6 cm, glabrous, apex acute. Seeds numerous, ovoid, ca. 2.2 mm, ca. 1.5 mm in diam.

Anhui, Chongqing, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Liaoning, Shandong, Zhejiang [Japan, Korea, SE Russia].

Mixed forests, forest margins, shaded and moist places in stream valleys, thickets on sunny slopes, grassy slopes; below 2000 m.

Viola chaerophylloides là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Hoa tím. Loài này được (Regel) W. Becker miêu tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1902.

南山堇菜（学名：Viola chaerophylloides）为堇菜科堇菜属的植物。分布于俄罗斯、日本、朝鲜以及中国大陆的黑龙江、山东、四川、吉林、江西、安徽、陕西、辽宁、浙江、甘肃、山西、河南、河北、江苏、青海、湖北、内蒙古等地，生长于海拔1,600米的地区，多生长于林缘、溪谷阴湿处、阳坡灌丛、山地阔叶林下及草坡。