dcsimg

Padogobius ( Catalão; Valenciano )

fornecido por wikipedia CA

Padogobius és un gènere de peixos de la família dels gòbids i de l'ordre dels perciformes.[2]

Espècies

Referències

  1. Berg L. S., 1932. Übersicht der Verbreitung der Süsswasserfische Europas. Zoogeographica, Jena v. 1 (núm. 2). 107-208.
  2. The Taxonomicon (anglès)
  3. Bonaparte, C. L., 1846. Catalogo metodico dei pesci europei. Atti della Settima Adunanza degli Scienziati Italiani Settima Adunanza, Napoli: 1-95.
  4. Canestrini, G., 1867. Due note ittiologiche. Annuario della Società ddei naturalisti in Modena v. 2: 7-13.
  5. BioLib (anglès)
  6. AQUATAB.NET
  7. FishBase (anglès)
  8. Catalogue of Life (anglès)
  9. Discover Life (anglès)
  10. Dictionary of Common (Vernacular) Names (anglès)
  11. UNEP-WCMC Species Database (anglès)


Bibliografia

  • Bianco, P. G. i P. J. Miller, 1990. Yugoslavian and other records of the Italian freshwater goby, Padogobius martensii, and a character polarization in gobioid fishes. Journal of Natural History v. 24 (núm. 5): 1289-1302.


Enllaços externs

 src= A Wikimedia Commons hi ha contingut multimèdia relatiu a: Padogobius Modifica l'enllaç a Wikidata
licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Autors i editors de Wikipedia
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia CA

Padogobius: Brief Summary ( Catalão; Valenciano )

fornecido por wikipedia CA

Padogobius és un gènere de peixos de la família dels gòbids i de l'ordre dels perciformes.

licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Autors i editors de Wikipedia
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia CA

Padogobius ( Inglês )

fornecido por wikipedia EN

Padogobius is a genus of fish in the family Gobiidae, the gobies. They are native to fresh waters of southern Europe.[1]

Species

There are currently two recognized species in this genus:[1]

Mating system

Male - male competition

As with many other Gobiidae species, Padogobius males establish small territories around their nesting sites in freshwater streams and rivers of Northern Italy.[2][3] In P. martensi, both male and female are highly aggressive in defending a hollow beneath a stone.[4] During the breeding season between May and July, these males become exceptionally competitive as they try to acquire larger stones which will have a larger egg-laying surface.[5] Due to the fact that this will influence their breeding success, there is competition between males for this resource that is in limited supply and in high demand.[5] Only larger and more aggressive males will be capable of securing such a valuable resource, which aids in establishing dominance.[5] This intersexual male competition for resources causes male body size to be positively correlated with the quality of the resources in which they defend.[4] This means that larger males are sexually selected for larger body size, as it allows them to be superior at obtaining larger nesting sites and access to females.[6] Their body size also relates to how far apart territories will be from one another, establishing territory size and distribution.[5] Overall it can be said that P. martensi males which are larger and display higher aggression will have a higher Resource Holding Potential[5], or in other words are most likely to win a competition.

Courtship

In this genus we see a mating system that consists not only of male contests but also of direct female choice as well.[7] There is also sexual dimorphism seen during the breeding season. In P. martensi, the females retain their brownish pale colour to remain cryptic, whereas the courting males will have blue fins, a blue strip on the dorsal fin and a dark body.[5] Sexually selected dimorphic traits also extends to distinctions in behaviour traits.[5] Once the male is mature at one year old, it can begin to perform courting displays, although only those above 50 mm in length show any reproductive success.[4] Within the P. martensi species, high ranking males, who have established their dominance by using their size to win male – male contests, may monopolize a mating region and can be seen to start courting earlier on.[5] But the activity of courtship comes at a cost as it makes the males more noticeable to predators.[5] Males with lower ranks are rarely seen courting to conserve energy and reduce social costs.[5] Females assess dominance and correlated body size through courtship displays and provides information about parental care abilities of the male.[5] Minor differences between male behaviours may also provide information related to their ability to perform parental care and influence the females choice. It is also important to note that courting performance doesn’t get better with size.[5]

Courting begins with chemical communication from the female as she emits a sex pheromone through her urine, a prostaglandin derivative,[6] which evokes male courtship in P. martensi.[5] While females remain less active, seen resting on benthic sediment, males will begin performing visual displays and producing sounds.[8] The visual courtship displays are called Approaching – Leading (AL) activities and are the main signal to attract females toward the males nest.[8] This pattern involves moving toward the female (approaching), followed by moving backwards toward the shelter (leading).[8] Females reply by moving towards the shelter in a submissive posture.[8]

The second aspect of courtship displays are the vocalizations made by the males.[8] P. martensi males produce courting calls ranging in frequency from 100-200 Hertz, as soon a prospective mate is within sight, and is done in conjunction with physical displays.[2] There are three different types of breeding vocalizations, the most common being a complex two-part call consisting of drumming and complex rapidly repeating pulses.[2] Outside of the nest, these are produced at a low rate, but as the male enters the nest, the vocal activity rises.[2] This is due to the fact the male and his nest are then concealed and the increased calls can help direct the female to the nest.[2] These sounds are rarely made just before fertilization suggesting that the sounds may not function to sync spawning behaviour but are purely for courtship and leading purposes.[2] In P. nigricans, these vocalizations can continue several minutes after the female has left the site.[2] There has been no documented evidence to show that sensory bias exploitation is part of the motive behind these vocalizations.

Egg laying and parental care

Most research regarding egg laying in the genus Padogobius relates to P. martensi. Egg laying begins once the male has cleaned the underside of the rock of his nest.[6] Once the female has navigated her way into the nest, she assumes a spawning position, in which her belly turns to the ceiling of the hollow.[2] The female then lays on average 170 to 410 elongate shaped eggs per nest.[4] While she is laying her eggs, the male periodically turns upside down to fertilize the eggs.[2] This process takes approximately one hour, after which the female leaves the nest and she will be able to produce another clutch of eggs roughly 30 days later.[6] In these polygynous fish, males will except eggs from many females, as observed with 2 to 3 sets of eggs at multiple stages of development in one nest.[3] Larger males can reproduce more times and are able to obtain more females over the entire mating season.[5] The male’s reproductive success is therefore measured by how many individual clutches he has under his care in his nest.[4]

Immediately after the eggs have been laid and fertilized, it then becomes the role of the male to tend to well-being of the eggs.[4] The females do not take part in parental care activities.[2] This male parental care involves two aspects. The first is defending his nest and eggs against intruders.[4] This is necessary to ensure his reproductive success as nest take over by other males does occasionally take place.[6] When this happens, the existing eggs are cannibalized and the nest owner is evicted from his hollow.[5] The second aspect of parental care involves fanning the eggs vigorously to ensure water circulation around the eggs.[3] This involves the male doing wide sweeps of his pectoral fins as well as doing full body oscillations.[3] This ensures the eggs are kept clean and with an adequate supply of oxygen via gas exchange.[3] Environmental variables impact how intense the fanning activities are. For instance, higher temperatures or lower oxygen levels will increase fanning activities.[3] The male also uses his mouth and body to keep physical contact with the eggs, which helps keep them clean, but this activity tends to decrease in frequency over time, whereas fanning remains consist the entire time.[3] These fanning activities continue for 1 to 2 weeks and parental care ends once the eggs have hatched.[5]

References

  1. ^ a b Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2018). Species of Padogobius in FishBase. June 2018 version.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Lugli, Marco; Torricelli, Patrizia; Pavan, Gianni; Mainardi, Danilo (1997). "Sound production during courtship and spawning among freshwater gobiids (Pisces, Gobiidae)". Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology. 29 (1–4): 109–126. doi:10.1080/10236249709379003.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g Torricelli, Patrizia; Lugli, Marco; Gandolfi, Gilberto (1985). "A quantitative analysis of the fanning activity in the male Padogobius martensi (Pisces: Gobiidae)". Behaviour. 92 (3/4): 288–301. JSTOR 4534416.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g Bisazza, Angelo (June 1989). "Correlates of male reproductive success in Padogobius martensi (Gabiidae)" (PDF). Journal of Fish Biology. 34 (6): 889–899. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.1989.tb03372.x.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Torricelli, Patrizia; Lugil, Marco; Bobbio, Laura (October 1993). "The importance of male‐male competition and sexually selected dimorphic traits for male reproductive success in site‐attached fishes with paternal care: The case of the freshwater goby Padogobius martensi" (PDF). Marine Behaviour & Physiology. 23: 231–256. doi:10.1080/10236249309378868.
  6. ^ a b c d e Bisazza, Angelo (September 1989). "Male competition and female choice in Padogobius martensi (Pisces, Gobiidae)". Animal Behaviour. 38 (3): 406–413. doi:10.1016/S0003-3472(89)80033-8.
  7. ^ Anderson, M.B. (1994). Sexual Selection. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. p. 136. ISBN 978-0691033440.
  8. ^ a b c d e Torricelli, Patrizia; Lugli, Marco; Gandolfi, Gilberto (January 2009). "A quantitative analysis of the occurrence of visual and acoustic displays during the courtship in the freshwater goby, Padogobius martensi (Günther, 1961) (Pisces, Gobiidae)". Italian Journal of Zoology. 53: 85–89. doi:10.1080/11250008609355488.
licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Wikipedia authors and editors
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia EN

Padogobius: Brief Summary ( Inglês )

fornecido por wikipedia EN

Padogobius is a genus of fish in the family Gobiidae, the gobies. They are native to fresh waters of southern Europe.

licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Wikipedia authors and editors
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia EN

Padogobius ( Espanhol; Castelhano )

fornecido por wikipedia ES

Padogobius es un género de peces de la familia Gobiidae y de la orden de los Perciformes.

Especies

 title=
licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Autores y editores de Wikipedia
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia ES

Padogobius: Brief Summary ( Espanhol; Castelhano )

fornecido por wikipedia ES

Padogobius es un género de peces de la familia Gobiidae y de la orden de los Perciformes.

licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Autores y editores de Wikipedia
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia ES

Padogobius ( Italiano )

fornecido por wikipedia IT
 src=
Padogobius bonelli

Padogobius è un genere di pesci ossei appartenenti alla famiglia Gobiidae endemico dell'Italia.

Distribuzione e habitat

Le due specie sono diffuse nel bacino del Po (P. bonelli) e nei corsi d'acqua del versante tirrenico dell'Italia centrale (P. nigricans).

Vivono esclusivamente in acqua dolce e di solito stazionano nelle acque piuttosto correnti dei corsi collinari, anche di piccole dimensioni. Se ne conoscono comunque anche popolazioni lacustri.

Specie

Note

Bibliografia

  • Kottelat M., Freyhof J. Handbook of European Freshwater Fishes, Publications Kottelat, Cornol (CH), 2007

 title=
licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Autori e redattori di Wikipedia
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia IT

Padogobius: Brief Summary ( Italiano )

fornecido por wikipedia IT
 src= Padogobius bonelli

Padogobius è un genere di pesci ossei appartenenti alla famiglia Gobiidae endemico dell'Italia.

licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Autori e redattori di Wikipedia
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia IT

Padogobius ( Neerlandês; Flamengo )

fornecido por wikipedia NL

Vissen

Padogobius is een geslacht van straalvinnige vissen uit de familie van de grondels (Gobiidae).

Soorten

licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Wikipedia-auteurs en -editors
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia NL

Padogobius: Brief Summary ( Neerlandês; Flamengo )

fornecido por wikipedia NL

Padogobius is een geslacht van straalvinnige vissen uit de familie van de grondels (Gobiidae).

licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Wikipedia-auteurs en -editors
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia NL

Padogobius ( Polonês )

fornecido por wikipedia POL
Commons Multimedia w Wikimedia Commons

Padogobiusrodzaj słodkowodnych ryb z rodziny babkowatych (Gobiidae), reprezentowany przez dwa gatunki[2].

Systematyka

 src=
P. nigricans według rysunku Gandolfiego i Tongiorgiego z 1974

Gatunki zaliczane do tego rodzaju[2]:

Ich linia rozwojowa jest niejasna. Spekuluje się, że wszystkie babki, których pochodzenie sięga epikontynentalnego morza, zwanego Paratetydą, mają jedną linię rozwojową. Większość słodkowodnych babek jest natomiast blisko spokrewniona z dwoma lub trzema gatunkami euryhalitycznymi. Tylko babki z rodzaju Padogobius wydają się nie mieć bliskiej relacji z tą grupą morskich ryb i uważa się, że mogły rozwijać się niezależnie[4][5]. Inna hipoteza, oparta na analizach molekularnych, skłania się ku stwierdzeniu pokrewieństwa z babką skalną (Gobius paganellus)[4].

Jako autora rodzaju podaje się Borisa Iljina, który utworzył go w 1933. Często wymienia się także Lwa Berga i rok 1932. Wcześniej w 1930 Iljin utworzył monotypowy rodzaj Fluvicola z gatunkiem typowym Gobius martensii (obecnie synonim P. bonelii). Jako że nazwa Fluvicola była już wykorzystana w systematyce ptaków przez Swainsoma i utworzony przez niego w 1928 rodzaj Fluvicola, Iljin stworzył nowy rodzaj pod nazwą Padogobius ponownie z gatunkiem typowym G. martensii[2].

Występowanie i biotop

Oba gatunki są obecne we Włoszech. P. nigricans znany jest tylko ze środkowej części tego kraju, w dorzeczach kilku rzek w zlewni Morza Tyrreńskiego[3][6]. Obszar występowania P. bonelli jest większy i obejmuje oprócz północnych i środkowych Włoch, południową Szwajcarię, południową Słowenię i dorzecza dwóch chorwackich rzek: Zrmanja i Krka[7][8]. Ten drugi poza naturalnym zasięgiem uważany jest za gatunek inwazyjny. Dotyczy to głównie środkowych Włoch, gdzie przyczynia się do spadku liczebności P. nigricans[7][4]. Są to ryby słodkowodne. Żyją w małych ciekach o bystrym nurcie, przy piaszczystym, żwirowym lub kamienistym dnie[6][8].

Morfologia

 src=
P. nigricans

Są to małe babki, przy czym P. nigricans jest większy od P. bonelli i osiąga do 12,5 cm długości. Podobnie jak większość innych babkowatych, mają dwie oddzielne płetwy grzbietowe. Druga płetwa grzbietowa z jednym promieniem twardym[6][8][9]. Płetwy piersiowe są dobrze rozwinięte. Płetwy brzuszne tworzą rodzaj przyssawki, dzięki której ryby te mogą żerować blisko podłoża[9]. W linii bocznej występuje do 49 łusek, przy czym u P. bonelli 29–43, u P. nigricans 44–49. Trzon ogonowy całkowicie ułuszczony. Większość babek wschodniego Atlantyku, regionów śródziemnomorskiego i pontokaspijskiego cechuje się brakiem kanałów linii nabocznej głowowej. Padogobius wraz z Knipowitschia są jedynymi rodzajami, wśród których są gatunki mające te kanały[10]. U Padogobius jest to P. nigricans[6].

Zachowanie

Oba gatunki mają zbliżoną dietę. Żywią się przede wszystkim bezkręgowcami, głównie muchówkami z rodziny ochotkowatych. Tam, gdzie obszar występowania obu gatunków rodzaju pokrywa się, rozpoznano na podstawie analizy pokarmu zawartego w żołądkach tych ryb również przypadki wzajemnego drapieżnictwa. Babki te silnie ze sobą rywalizują. Konkurują nie tylko o pokarm, ale przede wszystkim o przedłużenie gatunku. W okresie godowym samce rywalizują o najlepsze miejsca pod złożenie jaj. Z reguły są to norki pod lub między kamieniami. Mając wybrane lub zbudowane gniazdo, wykazują silny terytorializm[11]. Samce zdolne są do wydawania dźwięków, mających przede wszystkim rolę „wabika”. W ten sposób chcą zwrócić na siebie uwagę samic. Obserwacje prowadzone w połowie lat 90. na czterech męskich osobnikach P. nigricans pozwoliły zarejestrować dźwięk prosty o sinusoidalnym przebiegu, ze średnią częstotliwością około 80 Hz i średnim czasie trwania około 330 ms. Sygnał jest tym intensywniejszy, im bliżej samca znajduje się samica, osiągając najwyższe wartości, gdy ta jest u wejścia do komory gniazdowej[12]. W czasie tarła P. bonelli jest znacznie bardziej agresywny od P. nigricans. Powoduje to prawie całkowite ograniczenie swobody reprodukcyjnej P. nigricans i jej lokalne wymieranie[11].

Przypisy

  1. Padogobius, w: Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ang.) [dostęp 26 lipca 2018]
  2. a b c Eschmeyer, W. N. & Fricke, R.: Catalog of Fishes electronic version (2 July 2018) (ang.). California Academy of Sciences. [dostęp 26 lipca 2018].
  3. a b Fritz Terofal, Claus Militz: Ryby słodkowodne. Garbarczyk H., Nowakowski E., Wagner J. (tłum.). Warszawa: Świat Książki, 1997, s. 175, seria: Leksykon przyrodniczy. ISBN 83-7129-441-7.
  4. a b c Robert Patzner, James Tassell, Marcelo Kovačić, B. Kapoor (red.): The Biology of Gobies. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2012, s. 285. ISBN 978-1-4398-6233-9. [dostęp 2018-07-26].
  5. Tine Huyse, Jeroen Van Houdt, Filip Volckaert. Paleoclimatic history and vicariant speciation in the „sand goby” group (Gobiidae, Teleostei). „Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution”. 32 (1), s. 324–336, 2004. DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2003.11.007. ISSN 1055-7903 (ang.).
  6. a b c d Padogobius nigricans (ang.) w: Froese, R. & D. Pauly. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication. www.fishbase.org [dostęp: 2018-07-26]
  7. a b Freyhof J. 2006, Padogobius bonelli [w:] The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2006, DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2006.RLTS.T41541A10495695.en [dostęp 2018-07-26] (ang.).
  8. a b c Padogobius bonelli (ang.) w: Froese, R. & D. Pauly. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication. www.fishbase.org [dostęp: 2018-07-26]
  9. a b Stanisław Rutkowicz: Encyklopedia ryb morskich. Gdańsk: Gdańskie Wydawnictwo Morskie, 1982, s. 86–87.
  10. James van Tassell, Annemarie Kramer. A new species of Didogobius (Teleostei: Gobiidae) from the Canary Islands. „Zootaxa”. 3793 (4), s. 453-464, 2014. Magnolia Press. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3793.4.4. ISSN 1175-5334 (ang.).
  11. a b Laura Pompei, Daniela Giannetto, Massimo Lorenzoni. Feeding Ecology of Padogobius nigricans (Canestrini, 1867) and P. bonelli (Bonaparte, 1846) in Aggia River (Umbria, Italy) and their diet overlap. „Hydrobiologi”, 2014. Springer Verlag. DOI: 10.1007/s10750-014-1942-1. ISSN 1573-5117 (ang.).
  12. Marco Lugli, Gianni Pavan, Patrizia Torricelli, P.J. Miller. Breeding sounds of male Padogobius nigricans with suggestions for further evolutionary study of vocal behaviour in gobioid fishes. „Journal of Fish Biology”. 49, s. 648–657, 1996. The Fisheries Society of the British Isles. DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.1996.tb00061.x. ISSN 0022-1112 (ang.).
licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Autorzy i redaktorzy Wikipedii
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia POL

Padogobius: Brief Summary ( Polonês )

fornecido por wikipedia POL

Padogobius − rodzaj słodkowodnych ryb z rodziny babkowatych (Gobiidae), reprezentowany przez dwa gatunki.

licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Autorzy i redaktorzy Wikipedii
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia POL

Padogobius ( Português )

fornecido por wikipedia PT

Padogobius é um género de peixe da família Gobiidae e da ordem Perciformes.[2]

Espécies

Referências

  1. Berg L. S., 1932. Übersicht der Verbreitung der Süsswasserfische Europas. Zoogeographica, Jena v. 1 (núm. 2). 107-208.
  2. The Taxonomicon (em inglês)
  3. Bonaparte, C. L., 1846. Catalogo metodico dei pesci europei. Atti della Settima Adunanza degli Scienziati Italiani Settima Adunanza, Napoli: 1-95.
  4. Canestrini, G., 1867. Due note ittiologiche. Annuario della Società ddei naturalisti in Modena v. 2: 7-13.
  5. BioLib (em inglês)
  6. AQUATAB.NET
  7. FishBase (em inglês)
  8. Catalogue of Life (em inglês)
  9. Discover Life (em inglês)
  10. Dictionary of Common (Vernacular) Names (em inglês)
  11. UNEP-WCMC Species Database (em inglês)

Bibliografia

  • Bianco, P. G. e P. J. Miller, 1990. Yugoslavian and other records of the Italian freshwater goby, Padogobius martensii, and a character polarization in gobioid fishes. Journal of Natural History v. 24 (núm. 5): 1289-1302.

 title=
licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Autores e editores de Wikipedia
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia PT

Padogobius: Brief Summary ( Português )

fornecido por wikipedia PT

Padogobius é um género de peixe da família Gobiidae e da ordem Perciformes.

licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Autores e editores de Wikipedia
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia PT