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Confusingly, this species was collected in three separate locations by separate individuals and described with a new name each time. Andersson (1939) made the first finding, and described the frog from a single adult male specimen from the village of Kauliang (Kambawti) in Kachin State, Myanmar near the Chinese border.It was found in “dense bamboo-jungles and primeval forest” at 2130 m (7000 feet).Andersson allocated it as “forma” (subspecies) burmana of Polypedates (Rhacophorus) dennysii.The holotype was placed in the Naturhistoriska Rijkmuseet (NHRM 1858) in Stockholm, Sweden.
Smith (1940) subsequently described a single specimen, collected by R. Kaulback in 1939 as new species Rhacophorus taronensis from Patsarlamdam, Taron Valley, Northern Myanmar.Smith described it as similar to R. bimaculatus, differing in having reduced finger webbing, absence of a heel projection, and different coloration.This specimen, housed in the British Museum of Natural History (BMNH), is the only individual ever described as R. taronensis.
In 1984, Yang and Su described Rhacophorus gongshanensis from specimens found in western Yunnan Province, China.Described as related to Rhacophorus feae (now Polypedates feae), Yang and Su noted that R. gongshanensis differed in reduced webbing, heels that overlapped, and light spots on the legs.
The Myanmar Herpetological Survey Project, consisting of collaboration between California Academy of Sciences (CAS), National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution (USNM) and the Nature and Wildlife Conservation Division, Forest Department, Ministry of Forestry, Myanmar collected more Rhacophorus individuals in 2002 and in the process of categorizing these specimen, recognized the similarities between R. gongshanensis and R. taronensis holotypes (Wilkinson and Rao 2004; Wogan et al. 2008).Wilkinson and Rao (2004) followed up, systematically reexamined the holotypes and paratypes of these nomina, which they synonymized as R. taronensis.Ohler (2009) subsequently re-measured and redescribed Andersson’s holotype of Polypedates (Rhacophorus) dennysii burmana in the format of other recently described Rhacophorus species. She compared Andersson’s holotype with the R. taronensis holotype and data from the R. gongshanensis holotype, finding that all three nomina fall in the range of intraspecific variation of the specimens collected in by the Myanmar Herpetological Survey Project. Ohler (2009) assigned the R. taronensis of Wilkinson and Rao (2004) as junior synonym for R. burmanus, the first available nomen for the species.See also Frost 2015.
Rhacophorus burmanus is a treefrog that inhabits mountain forests of northern Kachin state, Myanmar, and in the neighboring Baoshan Prefecture and Gongshan County, Nujian Prefecture in Yunnan Province, China.It is known from bamboo and grass clumps, trees and shrubs near water sources such as ponds, pools and small streams.Its larvae develop in water (Datong and Shunqing 2004).Ohler (2009) and Wilkinson and Rao (2004) provided evidence that R. gongshanensis and R. taronensis are both junior synonyms of R. burmanus.
Confusingly, this species was collected in three separate locations by separate individuals and described with a new name each time. Andersson (1939) made the first finding, and described the frog from a single adult male specimen from the village of Kauliang (Kambawti) in Kachin State, Myanmar near the Chinese border.It was found in “dense bamboo-jungles and primeval forest” at 2130 m (7000 feet).Andersson allocated it as “forma” (subspecies) burmana of Polypedates (Rhacophorus) dennysii.The holotype was placed in the Naturhistoriska Rijkmuseet (NHRM 1858) in Stockholm, Sweden.
Smith (1940) subsequently described a single specimen, collected by R. Kaulback in 1939 as new species Rhacophorus taronensis from Patsarlamdam, Taron Valley, Northern Myanmar.Smith described it as similar to R. bimaculatus, differing in having reduced finger webbing, absence of a heel projection, and different coloration.This specimen, housed in the British Museum of Natural History (BMNH), is the only individual ever described as R. taronensis.
In 1984, Yang and Su described Rhacophorus gongshanensis from specimens found in western Yunnan Province, China.Described as related to Rhacophorus feae (now Polypedates feae), Yang and Su noted that R. gongshanensis differed in reduced webbing, heels that overlapped, and light spots on the legs.
The Myanmar Herpetological Survey Project, consisting of collaboration between California Academy of Sciences (CAS), National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution (USNM) and the Nature and Wildlife Conservation Division, Forest Department, Ministry of Forestry, Myanmar collected more Rhacophorus individuals in 2002 and in the process of categorizing these specimen, recognized similarities between R. gongshanensis and R. taronensis holotypes (Wilkinson and Rao 2004; Wogan et al. 2008).Wilkinson and Rao (2004) followed up, systematically reexamined the holotypes and paratypes of these nomina, which they synonymized as R. taronensis.
Ohler (2009) subsequently re-measured and redescribed Andersson’s holotype of Polypedates (Rhacophorus) dennysii burmana in the format of other recently described Rhacophorus species. She compared Andersson’s holotype with the R. taronensis holotype and data from the R. gongshanensis holotype, finding that all three nomina fall in the range of intraspecific variation of the specimens collected in by the Myanmar Herpetological Survey Project. Ohler (2009) assigned the R. taronensis of Wilkinson and Rao (2004) as junior synonym for R. burmanus, the first available nomen for the species.
Below follow original descriptions of two nomens originally considered distinct species, but subsequently synonymized as Rhacophorus taronensis by Wilkinson and Rao (2004).Evidence that Rhacophorus taronensis is a junior synonym of R. burmanus was later described by Ohler (2009).
Original description of the nomen Rhacophorus taroensis from Smith (1940), as reproduced by Wilkinson and Rao (2004).
"Vomerine teeth in strong, almost transverse, groups, commencing at the inner margin of the choanae. Head broader than long, much depressed; snout rounded, scarcely projecting beyond the mouth, shorter than the eye; canthus rostralis distinct; loreal region oblique, feebly concave; nostril a little nearer the tip of the snout than the eye, nearly as broad as the interorbital space, broader than the upper eyelid; tympanum very distinct, 4/5 the diameter of the eye, close to it. Outer three fingers with very large discs, which are as broad as long and as large as the tympanum; more than half webbed, the membrane reaching the disc of the 4th finger and that of the 2nd on the outer side; toes fully webbed, their discs smaller than those of the fingers; the tibio-tarsal articulation reaches to between the eye and the tip of the snout; subarticular tubercles of both fingers and toes strongly developed; a short oval inner metatarsal tubercle; no outer. Skin smooth above, that of the belly and hinder part of the thighs coarsely granulate. A dermal fringe, feebly distinct, on the outer side of the fore-arm, tarsus and foot. Bluish above, green in life, with small black spots; lower parts whitish, thickly speckled with dark grey; hinder part of thighs black with white spots. From snout to vent 78 mm."
Literal translation of original Chinese description of the nomen Rhacophorus gongshanensis by Yang and Su (1984), from Wilkinson and Rao (2004).
"The body is medium in size, the largest among the 6 male specimens is only 72.2 mm long, the only female specimen is 81.5 mm long. Lhe head is slightly longer than wide in males, but wider than long in the female; the rostrum sharply angles downward from the nostril forward, the canthus rostralis is obvious, the loreal region slants slightly outward, the surface of the loreal region is concave; the nostrils are located midway between the tip of the snout and eyes; the internarial distance is shorter than the interorbital distance; the top of head is flat; the tympanum is elliptical and close to the eye, with a vertical diameter V: of the diameter of the eye, and close in size to the disc of the third finger; the back of the tongue has a deep notch; vomerine teeth are not curved into an arch, the lateral end is slightly beyond the anterior angle of the internal nares, slightly inclined caudally but does not pass the posterior edge of the internal nares.
"The forearm of the male frog is strong, that of the female is slightly weaker, the length of the forearm and hand is slightly beyond half of the body. Fingers are flattened, and rank according to size from big to small, as 3, 4, 2, 1. The disc is wide and straight at terminal end, with a transverse groove at the tip. The disc of the first finger is small; the second, third and fourth fingers are approximately - webbed, the second finger is webbed to the subarticular tubercle, the third and fourth fingers are webbed to the distal end of the subarticular tubercle, the first and second fingers are only webbed at the base; the inner edge of the first finger and outer edges of the second and third fingers with obvious marginal webbing; the tubercles at the distal end of the third and fourth fingers are bigger than those at the proximal end; the inner edge of the first finger is enlarged at the base in a transverse direction. The hind limbs are 1.5 times that of the body size, the specimen KIZ 810485 is 1.7 times, tibiotarsal articulation reaches to the middle or anterior edge of eyes, the left and right heels overlap; feet are shorter than the tibia (6 males), but reverse for the female; webbing on the toes are relatively well developed to the base of the disc, only the fourth toe webbed to the distal subarticular tubercle; the subarticular tubercles are small and round, inner metatarsal tubercle is small, flat and elliptical, no outer metatarsal tubercle.
"The male frog is dotted with white asperities on the dorsal aspect of the body and hind limbs, but the female frog with fewer asperities than the male; dense fiat areolation on the ventral surface, the areolation on the lower jaw, throat, and pectoral region is smaller than other areas, the front of the lower jaw of the female frog is smooth without tubercles, the supratympanic fold is linear but slopes slightly backward.
"In life, the pupil is a horizontal ellipse, blue-black, iris is greenish yellow. Upper surface of head, body, and the four limbs is grass-green, with sparsely scattered small brown spots. The flank and inner and outer side of thigh with many creamy yellow spots, big or small, with dark reddish brown to purple edges. The canthus rostralis, lateral edge of eyelid, and supratympanic fold are light brown. The anterior half of the fingers and toes are violet on dorsum, the posterior half remains grass-green. The supracloacal region, from the tibiotarsal articulation to the base of the fifth toe, and outer side of forearm to the base of fourth finger with a yellowish fine linear dermal ridge. Ventral surface light brown to purple, with scattered deep dark spots.”
Rhacophorus burmanus is a treefrog that inhabits mountain forests of northern Kachin state, Myanmar, and in the neighboring Baoshan Prefecture and Gongshan County, Nujian Prefecture in Yunnan Province, China.It is known from bamboo and grass clumps, trees and shrubs near water sources such as ponds, pools and small streams.Its larvae develop in water (Datong and Shunqing 2004).Ohler (2009) and Wilkinson and Rao (2004) provided evidence that R. gongshanensis (described from the Gaoligong mountains of western Yunnan Province, China by Yang and Su, 1984 and also collected in Baoshan Prefecture in a 2003 California Academy of Science and Kunming Institute of Zoology expedition) and R. taronensis (described from northern Myanmar, by Smith 1940) are both junior synonyms of R. burmanus.
(Ohler 2009; Smith 1940; Wilkinson and Rao 2004; Yang and Shunging 2004).
Rhacophorus gongshanensis Rhacophorus generoko animalia da. Anfibioen barruko Rhacophoridae familian sailkatuta dago, Anura ordenan.
Rhacophorus gongshanensis Rhacophorus generoko animalia da. Anfibioen barruko Rhacophoridae familian sailkatuta dago, Anura ordenan.
Rhacophorus taronensis Rhacophorus generoko animalia da. Anfibioen barruko Rhacophoridae familian sailkatuta dago, Anura ordenan.
Rhacophorus taronensis Rhacophorus generoko animalia da. Anfibioen barruko Rhacophoridae familian sailkatuta dago, Anura ordenan.
