Diseases and Parasites
(
Inglês
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fornecido por Fishbase
Contracaecum Disease (larvae). Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Diagnostic Description
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por Fishbase
Diagnosis: A small medium-sized tilapia, with a relatively deep, flattened body and small head and jaws (Ref. 118638). Lower jaw not longer than 34% of the head, preorbital depth not more than 23.2%; teeth of jaws and pharynx very small, those of the lower pharyngeal restricted to the posterior part of the pad; 27-29 vertebrae (Ref. 2). Scales on lateral line 28-30 (Ref. 2, 34290, 54836), rarely 31 or 32 (Ref. 2). Gill-rakers on lower part of first gill-arch 19-24 (Ref. 34290, 54836). Length/depth ratio of caudal peduncle 0.5-0.8 (Ref. 34290). Males are black with white spots on the flanks and fins; females are more olive coloured, with pale ventral regions, faint vertical barring and dark anal and tail fins (Ref. 2, 4903, 34290, 118638). Lower lip often bluish-white; 8 to 12 dark vertical stripes sometimes visible on flanks (Ref. 2, 4903, 34290). Dorsal, anal and caudal fins dark; soft dorsal, entire caudal and anal fins with well-defined bluish-white spots (Ref. 4903, 34290). Genital papilla intensely white in both sexes (Ref. 2). Ground color in breeding males changes to dark blue-black, whilst whitish spots on body and fins are intensified; eye outstanding with its bright amber iris crossed by a black bar (Ref. 2, 4903, 34290).Description: body moderately deep in very young fish, becoming slender and lozenge shaped with increase in length (Ref. 55020). Maxillary ending below nostril (Ref. 55985) or a little behind it, between nostril and eye (Ref. 55074, 55985). Teeth very small, in 3-6 series, outermost bicuspid, inner tricuspid (Ref. 2, 55985). 2 series of scales on cheek (Ref. 2, 55985), rarely 1 or 2 scales of a third series (Ref. 2). Lower pharyngeal bone slender, its width usually less than, occasionally equal to, its median length (Ref. 2). Pharyngeal teeth very fine and crowded (Ref. 2), restricted to the posterior part of the pad in adults (Ref. 2, 55985). Flanges on either side of the apex of the triangular area of the lower pharyngeal bone unusually broad; microbranchiospines on outer surfaces of second, third and fourth arches; 7 scales over top of caudal peduncle above lateral line (Ref. 2). Generally 4, rarely 3, scales along the lateral series in the length of the caudal peducle (Ref. 56137). Genital papilla small, but white (Ref. 2, 56136) and conspicuous throughout life, crenellated in mature fishes of both sexes (Ref. 2). Dorsal fin reaching caudal fin base in juveniles and middle of caudal fin in adults; anal fin reaching as far backwards as dorsal fin; pectoral fins reaching anal fin base; pelvic fins reaching vent (Ref. 55074). 3-5 scales between bases of pectoral and pelvic fins; last anal fin spine about as long as last dorsal fin spine (Ref. 55985).Coloration: adults generally dark olive-green with white spots (Ref. 2, 4967, 56137) on the flanks formed by the paler centre of each scale (Ref. 2, 54836, 55074, 56136, 56137). If a pattern is present on the caudal fin, it consists of bluish white spots in a dark reticulum, but this may be restricted to the base or middle of the fin or masked by melanin; iridescence of opercular blotch and preorbital bone produces a dark violet effect (Ref. 2). Lower lip white (Ref. 56136). Dorsal fin usually without red marginal band (Ref. 2, 54836). Dorsal, soft anal and caudal fin spotted (Ref. 55985). Breeding males with a very dark blackish (Ref. 2, 55074, 56137) to blue-green body (Ref. 2, 56137) covered with intense white spots above the anal fin (Ref. 2), and a bright yellow iris that is crossed by an oblique dark bar in life (Ref. 2, 55074, 56136, 56137). Dorsal fin in breeding males may have some red color (but not opaque bright red as in other species) mixed with melanin, which disappears as the fish dies, leaving the lappets black (Ref. 2). Lower lip may be bluish green or greenish white in living male (Ref. 2, 56137), but becomes dark in preserved fish (Ref. 2). Branchiostegal membrane may have yellow patches in non-breeding fish and females, but is black in brooding females (Ref. 2, 56137). Juveniles: body usually dark blue (Ref. 55020) or greenish grey (Ref. 55020, 55074, 56136), with lighter ventral surface and scales showing up distinctly (Ref. 56137). 8-12 dark vertical bars on body (Ref. 2, 55074, 56137), extending from dorsal fin to belly (Ref. 56136). Bars may fade quickly in dead fish; one horizontal stripe is often prominent and appears to be caused by the localized intensification of the pigment of the vertical bars; iris usually with orange spot, intensifying with age (Ref. 55020). Indistinct Tilapia-mark (Ref. 2, 4903, 56136) marbling on a yellowish background (Ref. 2, 4903, 56137), taking the form of a dark bar reaching the depth of the dorsal fin and edged by a translucent area (Ref. 55020), but no longer distinguishable at 6.5-7.0cm SL (Ref. 2, 55020). Soft part of dorsal fin (Ref. 55020, 56136), and caudal and anal fins spotted with light circular spots which appear first at about 2.5cm and intensify with age (Ref. 55020).
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Trophic Strategy
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por Fishbase
Inhabits shallow channels, lagoons and basins of vegetated lakes mentioned above. (See also Ref. 3736, 4967 and 32297). Essentially a species of lagoons, especially closed or nearly closed lagoons (Ref. 2) and shallow sheltered bays (Ref. 39939).
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Morphology
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por Fishbase
Dorsal spines (total): 15 - 18; Dorsal soft rays (total): 10 - 13; Anal spines: 3 - 4; Analsoft rays: 9 - 11; Vertebrae: 27 - 29
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Diseases and Parasites
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por Fishbase
Cichlidogyrus Infestation 7. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Diseases and Parasites
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por Fishbase
Cichlidogyrus Infestation 10. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Life Cycle
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por Fishbase
Breeds over shallow muddy bottoms in sheltered inlets and in the papyrus fringe (Ref. 56123). Ripe males are found near the bottom over particular nesting areas (Ref. 39939). Males establish territory and make a nest by mouth-digging (Ref. 2), actively preventing invasion by other fishes (Ref. 39939). Nests made in shallow water, 15-300cm deep (Ref. 2, 56123), 16-20cm in diameter and 1-4m apart, dug in coarse leaf-debris or on shallow muddy bottoms (Ref. 2, 39939). Brooding females from the lagoons are found in pools adjacent to the lagoons/nursery swamps (Ref. 2, 39939). Fry spent their early days in shallow, grassy (Ref. 2, 32297, 39939) and deoxygenated swamps (Ref. 56123), but move to deeper water as their length increases (Ref. 32297, 39939).
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- Recorder
- Crispina B. Binohlan
Diseases and Parasites
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por Fishbase
Cichlidogyrus Disease. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Diseases and Parasites
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por Fishbase
Cichlidogyrus Infestation 4. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Diseases and Parasites
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por Fishbase
Cichlidogyrus Infestation 2. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Diseases and Parasites
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por Fishbase
Cichlidogyrus Infestation. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Biology
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por Fishbase
Occupies an inshore zone and is common in lagoons (Ref. 87). Occasionally forms schools (Ref. 2, 39939). Is mainly diurnal (Ref. 2). Can tolerate considerable deoxygenation (Ref. 2, 1739, 4903, 13046, 32297) and warm temperatures (Ref. 2060), known to occur at 38.0 °C (Ref. 2). Feeds on phytoplankton (Ref. 2, 21, 4903, 34291, 55486) and detritus (Ref. 34291, 55486, 56058). Ovophilic (Ref. 2060), a maternal mouthbrooder (Ref. 4903, 34291, 55074, 118638). Males dig simple pits in shallow water (Ref. 118638). Strongly prone to precocious maturity; this makes it an undesirable aquaculture species (Ref. 118638). Caught in large numbers by small-meshed nets in shallow swampy areas, where it has become established (Ref. 118638). When stocked along with Nile tilapia, probably will assist in filling all suitable niches and competitively excluding native species (Ref. 118638).
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Importance
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por Fishbase
fisheries: ; aquaculture: experimental; aquarium: commercial
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Oreochromis leucostictus
(
Catalão; Valenciano
)
fornecido por wikipedia CA
Oreochromis leucostictus és una espècie de peix de la família dels cíclids i de l'ordre dels perciformes.
Morfologia
Els mascles poden assolir els 36,3 cm de longitud total.[2]
Distribució geogràfica
Es troba a Àfrica: Llacs Edward, George i Albert. Introduït al llac Victòria.[2]
Referències
Bibliografia
- Axelrod, H. R., 1993. The most complete colored lexicon of cichlids. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City (Estats Units).
- Helfman, G., B. Collette i D. Facey: The diversity of fishes. Blackwell Science, Malden, Massachusetts (Estats Units), 1997.
- Moyle, P. i J. Cech.: Fishes: An Introduction to Ichthyology, 4a edició, Upper Saddle River, Nova Jersey, Estats Units: Prentice-Hall (2000).
- Nelson, J.: Fishes of the World, 3a edició. Nova York, Estats Units: John Wiley and Sons. Any 1994.
- Römer U.: Cichliden Atlas, Bd. 1. Melle. 1311 p. Any 1998.
- Trewavas, E., 1983. Tilapiine fishes of the genera Sarotherodon, Oreochromis and Danakilia. British Mus. Nat. Hist., Londres (Regne Unit).
- Welcomme, R.L., 1967. Observations on the biology of the introduced species of Tilapia in Lake Victoria. Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr. 76(3-4):249-279.
- Wheeler, A.: The World Encyclopedia of Fishes, 2a edició, Londres: Macdonald. Any 1985.
Enllaços externs
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Oreochromis leucostictus: Brief Summary
(
Catalão; Valenciano
)
fornecido por wikipedia CA
Oreochromis leucostictus és una espècie de peix de la família dels cíclids i de l'ordre dels perciformes.
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Oreochromis leucostictus
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por wikipedia EN
Oreochromis leucostictus (the blue-spotted tilapia) is a species of cichlid native to Albertine Rift Valley lakes and associated rivers in DR Congo and Uganda. It has now been introduced widely elsewhere East Africa, and is believed to have negative ecological impact, particularly on native tilapias. This species is reported to reach a standard length of up to 36.3 cm (14.3 in), but is usually much smaller. It is exploited by small-scale fishery and aquaculture operations.[2]
Description
Oreochromis leucostictus is a relatively deep-bodied tilapia with a fairly small mouth, narrow, rounded head and high back. Juvenile are pale, countershaded and have around 8 thin faint dark bars on the flank beneath the dorsal fin, with other bars on the head and tail. The fins are faintly spotted and there is a rather vague dark 'tilapia mark' at the based on the soft dorsal fin. Adults of both sexes are characterised by white spotting on the flanks and fins. Mature males are very dark, almost black, sometimes with a blue-green iridescence, and the white spots are very conspicuous. The eye is bright yellow and crossed by an oblique bar. Mature males have elongated filamentous tips to the dorsal and anal fins, but do not have enlarged jaws (in contrast to species like Oreochromis mossambicus). Young fishes have numerous small slender tricuspid teeth, but they become stouter in larger fish, and sometimes bicuspid. Overall, there are usually 4–6 rows of teeth, occasionally up to 8 in larger fish. The lower pharyngeal bone is slender, with numerous crowded teeth. There are 3–5 upper gill rakers, 1 on the angle and 19–23 lower rakers. The dorsal fin has 15–18 spines and 11–13 rays. The anal fin generally has 3-spines, although a single 4-spined individual has been reported, and 9–11 rays. There are 28–31 scales in the lateral line series. Adults are reported to grow to a total length of 28–30 cm in Lake Victoria, but they mature at much smaller sizes in smaller water bodies, with ripening females reportedly as small as 8 cm.[3]
Behaviour and ecology
Oreochromis leucostictus is a typical maternal mouthbrooding cichlid, like all other known members of the genus. During the breeding season, males are conspicuously coloured, defend territories over open sand/mud areas where they construct a 'bower' or mate attraction structure. In this species, the bower is a simple circular pit, dug at depths of less than 60 cm deep, at least along the margins of Lake Victoria. Females visit the bowers of males, laying clutches with one or more, and immediately picking up the eggs in her mouth. The offspring are brooded until they are capable of independent feeding. Like most other members of the genus, the female probably guards them and will retrieve them in her mouth at night or when disturbed.[3]
Oreochromis leucostictus prefers shallow weedy habitats, such as lagoons and bays around the edges of larger lakes. It naturally co-occurs with the Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, which favours rather deeper waters, so the two species appear to have complementary niches. They feed mainly on bottom sediments or plankton, ingesting mainly microscopic plants and cyanobacteria, along with small invertebrates.[3]
Distribution
Oreochromis leucostictus, male, from Lake Malimbe in the Lake Victoria catchment, Tanzania, 2016 [MolEcoFish project]
The natural distribution of this fish is in the catchments of Lakes Edward, George and Albert, in Uganda and eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. It was introduced in Lake Victoria into the 1950s, and is now abundant there, having largely supplanted the native endemic Oreochromis variabilis, although the latter is known to persist in some rocky offshore islands. It was later introduced into Lake Naivasha in Kenya, where it hybridised with and then replaced the formerly abundant Kenyan endemic Oreochromis spilurus nigra.[3] Further introductions to Kenya have continued and molecular genetic studies indicate that O. leucostictus has begun to hybridise with endemic populations of O. niloticus at a number of sites, including Lake Baringo[4] and the hot springs around Lake Bogoria.[5] The species has also been widely distributed in Tanzania, probably as a contaminant of Nile tilapia sourced from Lake Victoria and stocked for aquaculture or attempted fishery improvement.[6] Here too, feral populations are becoming established and hybrids with native species such as Oreochromis urolepis have been reported.[7]
Exploitation and conservation issues
The species is fished where it is found, and widely farmed in small-scale fish ponds, but it is known to mature at small sizes in ponds, a trait undesirable for commercial aquaculture, because ponds are quickly filled up with numerous small fish of low market value. This trait is presumably well developed in this species because it is adapted to live in shallow marginal habitats and so is likely to find itself cut off in pools which may eventually dry up and where larger fish are vulnerable to predators such as birds. Thus, it is unfortunate that the species has been so widely distributed. In addition, it seems to have a propensity to hybridise with native Oreochromis species, leading to genetic contamination and creating hybrid swarms, sometimes apparently replacing the native species altogether eventually. Thus, this species seems to be rather a menace to the maintenance of biodiversity and in particular to the maintenance of wild genetic diversity of tilapias, an important food fish throughout the tropics.
References
-
^ Ntakimazi, G.; Twongo, T.K.; Hanssens, M. (2006). "Oreochromis leucostictus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2006: e.T60627A12388264. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2006.RLTS.T60627A12388264.en. Retrieved 16 November 2021.
-
^ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2019). "Oreochromis leucostictus" in FishBase. September 2019 version.
-
^ a b c d Trewavas, Ethelwynn. (1983). Tilapiine fishes of the genera Sarotherodon, Oreochromis, and Danakilia. London: British Museum (Natural History): (available online via Biodiversity Heritage Library). doi:10.5962/bhl.title.123198.
-
^ Nyingi, D. W.; Agnèse, J.-F. (2007). "Recent introgressive hybridization revealed by exclusive mtDNA transfer from Oreochromis leucostictus (Trewavas, 1933) to Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) in Lake Baringo, Kenya". Journal of Fish Biology. 70: 148–154. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.2007.01327.x. ISSN 0022-1112.
-
^ Ndiwa, Titus Chemandwa; Nyingi, Dorothy Wanja; Agnese, Jean-François (15 September 2014). "An Important Natural Genetic Resource of Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) Threatened by Aquaculture Activities in Loboi Drainage, Kenya". PLOS ONE. 9 (9): e106972. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0106972. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 4164595. PMID 25222491.
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^ Shechonge, Asilatu; Ngatunga, Benjamin P.; Bradbeer, Stephanie J.; Day, Julia J.; Freer, Jennifer J.; Ford, Antonia G. P.; Kihedu, Jonathan; Richmond, Tabitha; Mzighani, Semvua (2018). "Widespread colonisation of Tanzanian catchments by introduced Oreochromis tilapia fishes: the legacy from decades of deliberate introduction" (PDF). Hydrobiologia. 832 (1): 235–253. doi:10.1007/s10750-018-3597-9. ISSN 0018-8158. PMC 6394791. PMID 30880833.
-
^ Shechonge, Asilatu; Ngatunga, Benjamin P.; Tamatamah, Rashid; Bradbeer, Stephanie J.; Harrington, Jack; Ford, Antonia G. P.; Turner, George F.; Genner, Martin J. (2018). "Losing cichlid fish biodiversity: genetic and morphological homogenization of tilapia following colonization by introduced species". Conservation Genetics. 19 (5): 1199–1209. doi:10.1007/s10592-018-1088-1. ISSN 1566-0621. PMC 6182432. PMID 30363773.
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Oreochromis leucostictus: Brief Summary
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por wikipedia EN
Oreochromis leucostictus (the blue-spotted tilapia) is a species of cichlid native to Albertine Rift Valley lakes and associated rivers in DR Congo and Uganda. It has now been introduced widely elsewhere East Africa, and is believed to have negative ecological impact, particularly on native tilapias. This species is reported to reach a standard length of up to 36.3 cm (14.3 in), but is usually much smaller. It is exploited by small-scale fishery and aquaculture operations.
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Oreochromis leucostictus
(
Espanhol; Castelhano
)
fornecido por wikipedia ES
Oreochromis leucostictus es una especie de peces de la familia Cichlidae en el orden de los Perciformes.
Morfología
Los machos pueden llegar alcanzar los 36,3 cm de longitud total.[1]
Distribución geográfica
Se encuentran en África: Lagos Edward, George y Albert. Introducido en el lago Victoria.
Referencias
Bibliografía
- Eschmeyer, William N., ed. 1998. Catalog of Fishes. Special Publication of the Center for Biodiversity Research and Information, núm. 1, vol. 1-3. California Academy of Sciences. San Francisco, California, Estados Unidos. 2905. ISBN 0-940228-47-5.
- Fenner, Robert M.: The Conscientious Marine Aquarist. Neptune City, Nueva Jersey, Estados Unidos : T.F.H. Publications, 2001.
- Helfman, G., B. Collette y D. Facey: The diversity of fishes. Blackwell Science, Malden, Massachusetts, Estados Unidos , 1997.
- Hoese, D.F. 1986: . A M.M. Smith y P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlín, Alemania.
- Maugé, L.A. 1986. A J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse y D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ISNB, Bruselas; MRAC, Tervuren, Flandes; y ORSTOM, París, Francia. Vol. 2.
- Moyle, P. y J. Cech.: Fishes: An Introduction to Ichthyology, 4a. edición, Upper Saddle River, Nueva Jersey, Estados Unidos: Prentice-Hall. Año 2000.
- Nelson, J.: Fishes of the World, 3a. edición. Nueva York, Estados Unidos: John Wiley and Sons. Año 1994.
- Wheeler, A.: The World Encyclopedia of Fishes, 2a. edición, Londres: Macdonald. Año 1985.
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Oreochromis leucostictus: Brief Summary
(
Espanhol; Castelhano
)
fornecido por wikipedia ES
Oreochromis leucostictus es una especie de peces de la familia Cichlidae en el orden de los Perciformes.
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Oreochromis leucostictus
(
Basco
)
fornecido por wikipedia EU
(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
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Oreochromis leucostictus: Brief Summary
(
Basco
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fornecido por wikipedia EU
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Oreochromis leucostictus: Brief Summary
(
Francês
)
fornecido por wikipedia FR
Oreochromis leucostictus est une espèce de poisson de la famille des cichlidae et de l'ordre des perciformes. Cette espèce est endémique de l'Afrique. Il fait partie des nombreuses espèces regroupées sous le nom de Tilapia.
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Oreochromis leucostictus
(
Neerlandês; Flamengo
)
fornecido por wikipedia NL
Vissen Oreochromis leucostictus is een straalvinnige vissensoort uit de familie van de cichliden (Cichlidae).[1] De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1933 door Trewavas.
Bronnen, noten en/of referenties Geplaatst op:
27-02-2013
Dit artikel is een beginnetje over biologie. U wordt uitgenodigd om op bewerken te klikken om uw kennis aan dit artikel toe te voegen.
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Oreochromis leucostictus: Brief Summary
(
Português
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fornecido por wikipedia PT
Oreochromis leucostictus é uma espécie de peixe da família Cichlidae.
Pode ser encontrada nos seguintes países: Burundi, República Democrática do Congo, Quénia, Tanzânia e Uganda.
Os seus habitats naturais são: rios, rios intermitentes, pântanos, lagos de água doce, lagos intermitentes de água doce, marismas de água doce, marismas intermitentes de água doce e deltas interiores.
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Oreochromis leucostictus
(
Vietnamita
)
fornecido por wikipedia VI
Oreochromis leucostictus là một loài cá thuộc họ Cichlidae. Nó được tìm thấy ở Burundi, Cộng hòa Dân chủ Congo, Kenya, Tanzania, và Uganda. Các môi trường sống tự nhiên của chúng là sông, sông có nước theo mùa, đầm nước, hồ nước ngọt, hồ nước ngọt có nước theo mùa, đầm nước ngọt, đầm nước ngọt có nước theo mùa, và vùng đồng bằng nội địa.
Chú thích
Tham khảo
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Oreochromis leucostictus: Brief Summary
(
Vietnamita
)
fornecido por wikipedia VI
Oreochromis leucostictus là một loài cá thuộc họ Cichlidae. Nó được tìm thấy ở Burundi, Cộng hòa Dân chủ Congo, Kenya, Tanzania, và Uganda. Các môi trường sống tự nhiên của chúng là sông, sông có nước theo mùa, đầm nước, hồ nước ngọt, hồ nước ngọt có nước theo mùa, đầm nước ngọt, đầm nước ngọt có nước theo mùa, và vùng đồng bằng nội địa.
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白斑口孵非鯽: Brief Summary
(
Chinês
)
fornecido por wikipedia 中文维基百科
白斑口孵非鯽，為輻鰭魚綱鱸形目隆頭魚亞目慈鯛科的其中一種，分布於非洲愛德華湖、艾伯特湖、喬治湖流域，體長可達36.3公分，棲息在湖泊沿岸水域，成群活動，能忍受低氧環境，以浮游生物及有機碎屑為食，可做為食用魚及觀賞魚。
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