Trophic Strategy
(
Inglês
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Only found in Lake Chala (Ref. 2, 4967, 36900). Sometimes swimming in shoals (Ref. 36900, 55060). It feeds on algae and debris off the bottom between the rocks near the shore (Ref. 2, 55060).
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- Grace Tolentino Pablico
Morphology
(
Inglês
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fornecido por Fishbase
Dorsal spines (total): 16 - 17; Dorsal soft rays (total): 11 - 13; Anal spines: 3 - 4; Analsoft rays: 10 - 16; Vertebrae: 31 - 34
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- Crispina B. Binohlan
Life Cycle
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Inglês
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fornecido por Fishbase
A maternal mouthbrooder (Ref. 118638).
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Diagnostic Description
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Inglês
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Diagnosis: A large bodied tilapia, with a relatively large and forward-facing snout, body at least 2.8 times as long as deep (Ref. 4967, 118638). The species can be distinguished by following characters: teeth very small, in narrow bands; pharyngeal bone narrow, its width about 26% length of head, with fine teeth, crowded posteriorly, the blade equal to the median length of the toothed area in young, about 1.5 times as long in adults; pectoral fin usually less than 36% of standard length; anal spines III-IV; scales of chest and belly very small, in some individuals showing an abrupt transition from the flank scales for a short distance behind the pectoral-pelvic interspace; in some the dorsal scales may also be small; and caudal peduncle at least 1.3 times longer than deep (Ref. 2, 4967). Males characterised by an intricate melanin pattern on the head, flank scales that are darker towards posterior side, and a background light grey-blue colour; the dorsal region is darker than the ventral, and ripe males with dark pectoral, anal, caudal fins, while the dorsal fin is dark with orange margins; females with less contrasting colours, with flanks uniformly grey or olive, with a lighter ventral region (Ref. 118638).Description: The upper profile of the head is approximately straight, the mouth terminal with the jaws meeting evenly (Ref. 2). Mouth rather large, extending to between nostril and eye (Ref. 1870, 2989). The teeth are smaller and more slender than even in Oreochromis jipe; in the largest specimens a few of the outer teeth are tricuspid and some of the posterior may be unicuspid, but most are bicuspid; in adults many teeth are worn or broken, probably the result of browsing on the rocks; the inner series are irregular and the toot-bands are narrower than in O. jipe and O. pangani; in the biggest fish teeth of the inmost row are unicuspid (Ref. 2). The pharyngeal teeth are small and slender, restricted to a small area (Ref. 2). Scales cycloid; the number of scales in the lateral series shows equal modes at 34 and 35, higher numbers being often due to interpretation of smaller scales, in some cases on one side only; 18-19 scales on upper lateral line, 15-16 scales on lower lateral line; 3 series of scales on the cheek; scales on cheek rather small (Ref. 2, 1870, 2989, 55061). Dorsal fin with XVI-XVII spines and 11-13 soft rays, last dorsal spine longest; the total anal rays are 14-16, with III-IV spines and 10-13 soft rays; pectoral fin pointed, a little shorter than head, not extending to origin of anal fin; pelvic fin reaching vent; caudal fin truncate (Ref. 2, 1870, 55061). Vertebrae 31-34 (Ref. 2).Colouration: Adult metallic blue-black on upper parts of head and body, shading to iridescent dark greenish blue on lower parts of gill-cover and jaws and to blackish bronze on the flanks; breast speckled dark green and white, belly grey on white; some individuals with edge of dorsal fin dark orange (Ref. 2). Large males are a deep royal blue and every scale is distinct; this colour shades down to a pearly white on the belly, with a tinge of yellow on the throat; the fins are also royal blue and all points are a flaming orange or a bright vermilion colour (Ref. 36900). The females are grass-green with dark green backs (Ref. 36900). Young bronze on flanks, greenish bronze on back, cream on belly; head as adult but not so dark; caudal and dorsal fins dark green, lower fins paler iridescent green (Ref. 2). A checkered effect in both young and adult produced by the darker anterior part of each scale (Ref. 2). In alcohol, young fishes have a well-marked dark mid-lateral longitudinal band, continuous or emphasized on 11-13 narrow dark vertical bars, which also bear a series of 5-7 blotches above the upper lateral line; the tilapia-mark, present through variably emphasized at these sizes, is horizontally elongate (Ref. 2).
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Biology
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Inglês
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fornecido por Fishbase
Only found in Lake Chala (Ref. 2, 4967, 36900); several non-native tilapias are now established in this small lake as a result of stocking, and Oreochromis hunteri is apparently much less common than previously (Ref. 118638). Sometimes swimming in shoals (Ref. 36900, 55060). It feeds on algae and debris off the bottom between the rocks near the shore (Ref. 2, 55060). A maternal mouthbrooder (Ref. 118638). Fished in Lake Chala (Ref. 118638). IUCN conservation status is critically endangered (Ref. 118638).
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Oreochromis hunteri
(
Catalão; Valenciano
)
fornecido por wikipedia CA
Oreochromis hunteri és una espècie de peix de la família dels cíclids i de l'ordre dels perciformes.
Morfologia
Els mascles poden assolir els 30 cm de longitud total.[2]
Distribució geogràfica
Es troba a Àfrica: és una espècie de peix endèmica del llac Chala.[2]
Referències
Bibliografia
- Axelrod, H. R., 1993. The most complete colored lexicon of cichlids. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City (Estats Units).
- Eccles, D.H., 1992. FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Field guide to the freshwater fishes of Tanzania. Prepared and published with the support of the United Nations Development Programme (project URT/87/016). FAO, Roma, Itàlia.
- Helfman, G., B. Collette i D. Facey: The diversity of fishes. Blackwell Science, Malden, Massachusetts (Estats Units), 1997.
- Moyle, P. i J. Cech.: Fishes: An Introduction to Ichthyology, 4a edició, Upper Saddle River, Nova Jersey, Estats Units: Prentice-Hall (2000).
- Nelson, J.: Fishes of the World, 3a edició. Nova York, Estats Units: John Wiley and Sons. Any 1994.
- Römer U.: Cichliden Atlas, Bd. 1. Melle. 1311 p. Any 1998.
- Seegers, L., L. De Vos i D.O. Okeyo, 2003. Annotated checklist of the freshwater fishes of Kenya (excluding the lacustrine haplochromines from Lake Victoria). J. E. Afr. Nat. Hist. 92:11-47.
- Trewavas, E., 1983. Tilapiine fishes of the genera Sarotherodon, Oreochromis and Danakilia. British Mus. Nat. Hist., Londres (Regne Unit).
- Wheeler, A.: The World Encyclopedia of Fishes, 2a edició, Londres: Macdonald. Any 1985.
Enllaços externs
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Oreochromis hunteri: Brief Summary
(
Catalão; Valenciano
)
fornecido por wikipedia CA
Oreochromis hunteri és una espècie de peix de la família dels cíclids i de l'ordre dels perciformes.
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Oreochromis hunteri
(
Alemão
)
fornecido por wikipedia DE
Oreochromis hunteri ist eine Fischart aus der Familie der Buntbarsche (Cichlidae), die im Chala-See an der Grenze zwischen Kenia und Tansania endemisch vorkommt.
Merkmale
Oreochromis hunteri erreicht eine Länge von 30 cm. Sein Körper ist in etwa 2,8 mal so lang wie hoch. Die Schnauze ist lang, das Maul ist endständig. Die in Reihen angeordneten Zähne sind sehr klein. Die Pharyngealia ist schmal. Ihre Breite liegt bei etwa 26 % der Kopflänge. Sie ist mit kleinen Zähnen besetzt, die sich vor allem im hinteren Bereich der Pharyngealia befinden. Die Schuppen auf Brust und Bauch sind sehr klein und der Übergang von den größeren Schuppen der Körperseiten zu den kleinen Brust- und Bauchschuppen erlogt bei einigen Individuen abrupt. Bei manchen Exemplaren sind die Schuppen auf dem Rücken ebenfalls klein. Der Schwanzstiel ist 1,3 mal länger als hoch. Männchen haben eine helle blaugraue Grundfarbe und zeigen auf dem Kopf und auf den Körperseiten ein dunkles Fleckenmuster. Der Rücken ist dunkler als der Bauch. Bei geschlechtsreifen Männchen sind die Rücken-, die After- und die Schwanzflosse sowie die Brustflossen dunkel. Die Rückenflosse hat einen orangefarbenen Rand. Weibchen sind einförmig grau bis olivfarben mit einem hellen Bauch.[1][2]
- Flossenformel: Dorsale XVI–XVII/11–13; Anale III–IV/10–16.[1]
- Wirbel: 31–34.
Lebensweise und Gefährdung
Oreochromis hunteri kommt ausschließlich im ostafrikanischen Chala-See vor, einem 4,2 km² großen Kratersee, dessen maximale Tiefe bei 90 Metern liegt. Die Fische ernähren sich von Algen und Detritus und sind maternale Maulbrüter, das heißt die Mutter übernimmt das Maulbrüten. Da die Fische inzwischen selten geworden sind, wahrscheinlich durch die Konkurrenz durch drei vom Menschen ausgesetzte, ursprünglich nicht im Chala-See heimische Buntbarscharten, gilt die Art inzwischen als stark bedroht (critically endangered).[3] Zu den befürchteten Hybridisierungen mit Oreochromis cf. korogwe, der etwa 1990 in den See eingeführt wurde, ist es bisher nicht gekommen.[4] Die drei vom Menschen eingeführten Buntbarscharten sind inzwischen häufiger als Oreochromis hunteri.[5]
Systematik
Die Art wurde im Jahr 1889 durch den deutsche Ichthyologen Albert Günther erstmals wissenschaftlich beschrieben. Dabei wurde auch eine neue Gattung eingeführt, Oreochromis, was übersetzt "Berg-Chromis" lautet (von gr. óreios „gebirgsbewohnend“, und chromis), da die Fische aus der Umgebung des Kilimanjaro stammen. Oreochromis hunteri ist die Typusart der Gattung Oreochromis.[6] Sie gehört zu einer kleinen Radiation von drei nah verwandten Oreochromis-Arten im Einzugsbereich des oberen Pangani. Oreochromis jipe aus dem Jipe-See ist die mit Oreochromis hunteri am engsten verwandte Art. Anhand der genetischen Variabilität wird geschlossen das die Vorfahren von Oreochromis hunteri vor etwa 25.000 Jahren in den Chala-See gelangt sind.[4]
Belege
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↑ a b Oreochromis hunteri auf Fishbase.org (englisch)
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↑ Ethelwynn Trewavas (1983). Tilapiine fishes of the genera Sarotherodon, Oreochromis, and Danakilia /. London: British Museum (Natural History). doi:10.5962/bhl.title.123198, Seite 369–374.
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↑ Oreochromis hunteri in der Roten Liste gefährdeter Arten der IUCN 2006. Eingestellt von: Bayona, J.D.R., Odhiambo, E.A. & Hanssens, M., 2006. Abgerufen am 27. April 2019.
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↑ a b Dieleman, J., Muschick, M., Nyingi, W.D. & Verschuren, D. (2018): Species integrity and origin of Oreochromis hunteri (Pisces: Cichlidae), endemic to crater Lake Chala (Kenya–Tanzania). Hydrobiologia, April 2019, Volume 832, Issue 1. DOI: 10.1007/s10750-018-3570-7
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↑ Moser, F.N., van Rijssel, J.C., Ngatunga, B., Mwaiko, S. & Seehausen, O. (2018): The origin and future of an endangered crater lake endemic; phylogeography and ecology of Oreochromis hunteri and its invasive relatives. Hydrobiologia, April 2019, Volume 832, Issue 1. DOI: 10.1007/s10750-018-3780-z
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↑ Albert C. L. G. Günther (1889): On some fishes from Kilima-Njaro District. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1889 (1): 70-72.
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Oreochromis hunteri: Brief Summary
(
Alemão
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fornecido por wikipedia DE
Oreochromis hunteri ist eine Fischart aus der Familie der Buntbarsche (Cichlidae), die im Chala-See an der Grenze zwischen Kenia und Tansania endemisch vorkommt.
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Lake Chala tilapia
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Inglês
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fornecido por wikipedia EN
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Lake Chala tilapia: Brief Summary
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Inglês
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fornecido por wikipedia EN
The Lake Chala tilapia (Oreochromis hunteri) is a species of cichlid fish that is endemic to Lake Chala, a small crater lake on the border of Kenya and Rombo District of Kilimanjaro Region in Tanzania. It mostly lives in relatively deep water, at depths between 20–45 m (66–148 ft). It is considered critically endangered by the IUCN, with the two primary threats being deterioration of its habitat due to siltation, and other non-native tilapia species that have been introduced to Lake Chala. Before these introductions, the Lake Chala tilapia was the only fish in Lake Chala. It is very closely related to the similar Jipe tilapia (O. jipe), another highly threatened species from the same general region of Kenya and Tanzania. The Lake Chala tilapia can reach a standard length of up to 30 cm (12 in).
The specific name hunteri honours the British zoologist Henry C. V. Hunter (1861-1934), who collected the type, and who provided notes on this species' distribution. O. hunteri is the type species of the genus Oreochromis.
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Oreochromis hunteri
(
Espanhol; Castelhano
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fornecido por wikipedia ES
Oreochromis hunteri es una especie de peces de la familia Cichlidae en el orden de los Perciformes.
Morfología
Los machos pueden llegar alcanzar los 30 cm de longitud total.[2]
Distribución geográfica
Se encuentran en África: es una especie de peces endémica del lago Chala.
Referencias
Bibliografía
- Eschmeyer, William N., ed. 1998. Catalog of Fishes. Special Publication of the Center for Biodiversity Research and Information, núm. 1, vol. 1-3. California Academy of Sciences. San Francisco, California, Estados Unidos. 2905. ISBN 0-940228-47-5.
- Fenner, Robert M.: The Conscientious Marine Aquarist. Neptune City, Nueva Jersey, Estados Unidos : T.F.H. Publications, 2001.
- Helfman, G., B. Collette y D. Facey: The diversity of fishes. Blackwell Science, Malden, Massachusetts, Estados Unidos , 1997.
- Hoese, D.F. 1986: . A M.M. Smith y P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlín, Alemania.
- Maugé, L.A. 1986. A J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse y D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ISNB, Bruselas; MRAC, Tervuren, Flandes; y ORSTOM, París, Francia. Vol. 2.
- Moyle, P. y J. Cech.: Fishes: An Introduction to Ichthyology, 4a. edición, Upper Saddle River, Nueva Jersey, Estados Unidos: Prentice-Hall. Año 2000.
- Nelson, J.: Fishes of the World, 3a. edición. Nueva York, Estados Unidos: John Wiley and Sons. Año 1994.
- Wheeler, A.: The World Encyclopedia of Fishes, 2a. edición, Londres: Macdonald. Año 1985.
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Oreochromis hunteri: Brief Summary
(
Espanhol; Castelhano
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fornecido por wikipedia ES
Oreochromis hunteri es una especie de peces de la familia Cichlidae en el orden de los Perciformes.
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Oreochromis hunteri
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fornecido por wikipedia EU
(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
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Oreochromis hunteri: Brief Summary
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Basco
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Oreochromis hunteri Oreochromis generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Actinopterygii klasean sailkatzen da, Cichlidae familian.
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Oreochromis hunteri
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Francês
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Oreochromis hunteri: Brief Summary
(
Francês
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fornecido por wikipedia FR
Oreochromis hunteri est une espèce de poisson de la famille des cichlidae et de l'ordre des perciformes. Cette espèce est endémique de l'Afrique. Il fait partie des nombreuses espèces regroupées sous le nom de Tilapia.
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Oreochromis hunteri
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Neerlandês; Flamengo
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Oreochromis hunteri
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Português
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Oreochromis hunteri: Brief Summary
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Português
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fornecido por wikipedia PT
Oreochromis hunteri é uma espécie de peixe da família Cichlidae.
É endémica do Quénia. Os seus habitats naturais são: lagos de água doce.
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Rô phi hồ Chala
(
Vietnamita
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fornecido por wikipedia VI
Rô phi hồ Chala (Oreochromis hunteri) là một loài cá thuộc họ Cichlidae. Nó là loài đặc hữu của Kenya. Môi trường sống tự nhiên của chúng là hồ nước ngọt.
Nguồn
Tham khảo
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^ Bayona, J.D.R., Odhiambo, E.A. & Hanssens, M. 2006. Oreochromis hunteri. In: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on ngày 8 tháng 5 năm 2013.
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Rô phi hồ Chala: Brief Summary
(
Vietnamita
)
fornecido por wikipedia VI
Rô phi hồ Chala (Oreochromis hunteri) là một loài cá thuộc họ Cichlidae. Nó là loài đặc hữu của Kenya. Môi trường sống tự nhiên của chúng là hồ nước ngọt.
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亨氏口孵非鯽
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Chinês
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fornecido por wikipedia 中文维基百科
亨氏口孵非鯽: Brief Summary
(
Chinês
)
fornecido por wikipedia 中文维基百科
亨氏口孵非鯽，為輻鰭魚綱鱸形目隆頭魚亞目慈鯛科的其中一種，被IUCN列為極危保育類動物，分布於非洲Chala湖流域，體長可達30公分，棲息在湖泊，屬雜食性，以藻類及有機碎屑為食，生活習性不明。
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