Karaops

Figures 15–22.Copulatory organs of Karaops monteithi sp. n., female holotype from Lankelly Creek, Coen District, North Queensland, Australia (QM S61052) (15–16), Karaops alanlongbottomi sp. n., male holotype from northwest tip of Degerando Island, Champagny Islands, Western Australia, Australia (WAM T93/1330) (17–18), Karaops keithlongbottomi sp. n., male holotype from Drysdale River Station, Western Australia, Australia (WAM T55002) (19–20), and Karaops larryoo sp. n. male holotype from north of Larryoo, Drysdale River National Park, Western Australia, Australia (WAM T93/1333) (21–22). 15 epigyne, ventral view 16 spermathecae, dorsal view 17, 19, 21 male pedipalp, ventral view 18, 20, 22 male pedipalp, retrolateral view. Scale bar: (15–16) 0.25 mm, (17–22)0.50 mm. Abbreviation: C = conductor.

Map 5.Northern Australia (inset) showing the distribution of Karaops gen. n. Karaops jenniferae sp. n. (black square), Karaops alanlongbottomi sp. n. (white circle), Karaops keithlongbottomi sp. n. (black circle), Karaops larryoo sp. n. (white square), Karaops dawara sp. n. (white stars).

Figures 23–28.Copulatory organs of Karaops jarrit sp. n., male holotype from 11 km NW of Roe’s Rock, Fitzgerald River National Park, Western Australia, Australia (WAM T55003) (23–24), female paratype from southwest of Boddington, Western Australia, Australia (WAM T87168) (25–26), and Karaops marrayagong sp. n., female holotype from Kitty’s Creek, near Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (AM KS19743) (27–28) 23 male pedipalp, ventral view 24 male pedipalp, retrolateral view 25, 27 epigyne, ventral view 26, 28 spermathecae, dorsal view. Scale bar: 0.25 mm.

Map 6.The southwest coast of Western Australia (inset) showing the distribution of Karaops gen. n. Karaops francesae sp. n. (white circles), Karaops toolbrunup sp. n. (white star), Karaops jarrit sp. n.(white triangles), and Karaops ellenae sp. n.(white squares).

Figures 23–28.Copulatory organs of Karaops jarrit sp. n., male holotype from 11 km NW of Roe’s Rock, Fitzgerald River National Park, Western Australia, Australia (WAM T55003) (23–24), female paratype from southwest of Boddington, Western Australia, Australia (WAM T87168) (25–26), and Karaops marrayagong sp. n., female holotype from Kitty’s Creek, near Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (AM KS19743) (27–28) 23 male pedipalp, ventral view 24 male pedipalp, retrolateral view 25, 27 epigyne, ventral view 26, 28 spermathecae, dorsal view. Scale bar: 0.25 mm.

Map 7.Eastern Australia (inset) showing the distribution of Karaops gen. n. Karaops raveni sp. n. (white circles), Karaops manaayn sp. n. (white diamonds), Karaops marrayagong sp. n. (white star).

Figures 29–34.Copulatory organs of Karaops raveni sp. n., male holotype from Brooyar State Forest, Queensland, Australia (QM S50593) (29–30), female paratype from Boat Mountain EP, Queensland, Australia (QM S47057) (31–32), and Karaops badgeradda sp. n., female holotype from Badgeradda Range, Muggon Station, Western Australia, Australia (WAM T97214) (23–34) 29 male pedipalp, ventral view 30 male pedipalp, retrolateral view 31, 33 epigyne, ventral view 32, 34 spermathecae, dorsal view. Scale bar: 0.25 mm (29–32), 0.50 mm (33–34).

Figures 91–95.Karaops spp. in situ. 91 Karaops raveni sp. n., on tree at dusk, Skillion Nature Reserve, New South Wales 92 Karaops badgeraddasp. n., on turned rock, Badgeradda Range, Muggon Station, Western Australia 93 Karaops martamarta sp. n., showing red coloration, from Red Hill, Pilbara, Western Australia 94 Karaops francesae sp. n., female guarding eggsac, Cape Arid, Western Australia 95 Karaops toolbrunup sp. n., on turned rock from scree slope, Toolbrunup, Stirling Ranges, Western Australia.

Figure 96–102.Habitats of Karaops species. 96 Macleay River, New South Wales, habitat of Karaops manaayn sp. n. and Karaops raveni sp. n., both collected under the bark of trees above the river 97 Scree slope in the Tinderry Ranges, New South Wales, habitat of Karaops raveni sp. n., collected from beneath the rocks 98 Badgeradda Range, near Muggon Station, Western Australia, habitat of Karaops badgeradda sp. n., collected from under loose rocks 99 Near Red Hill, Pilbara, Western Australia, habitat of Karaops martamarta sp. n., collected from beneath loose rocks. These spiders are a very red color, as the color of the substrate 100 Cape Arid, Western Australia, habitat of Karaops francesae sp. n., collected from beneath loose rocks on granite outcrop 101 Scree slope on Toolbrunup, Stirling Ranges National park, habitat of Karaops toolbrunup sp. n., collected from beneath rocks on scree slope 102 Forest at Kapalga, near South Alligator River, Kakadu National Park, Northern Territory, habitat of Karaops dawara sp. n., collected from beneath bark.

Figures 110–115.Habitus of representatives of various selenopid genera. 110 Karaops ellenae sp. n., female, from Mount Cooke, Western Australia, Australia 111 Karaops raveni sp. n., female, from Watchimbark Nature Reserve, New South Wales, Australia 112 Makdiops montigenus comb. n., female, from Dehra Dun, India. The orange hue is not natural and due to preservation 113 Makdiops nilgirensis comb. n., female, from Karteri Valley, Tamil Nadu, India. The yellow-orange hue is due to preservation 114 Selenops radiatus Latreille, male, from Namibia 115 Selenops phaselus Muma, male, from Las Abejas, Dominican Republic 116 Pakawops formosanus (Kayashima), penultimate male, Taiwan (photo by Spideryang - http://www.flickr.com/photos/spideryang/3993100774/). Scale bar = 3.00 mm.

Map 7.Eastern Australia (inset) showing the distribution of Karaops gen. n. Karaops raveni sp. n. (white circles), Karaops manaayn sp. n. (white diamonds), Karaops marrayagong sp. n. (white star).

Figures 29–34.Copulatory organs of Karaops raveni sp. n., male holotype from Brooyar State Forest, Queensland, Australia (QM S50593) (29–30), female paratype from Boat Mountain EP, Queensland, Australia (QM S47057) (31–32), and Karaops badgeradda sp. n., female holotype from Badgeradda Range, Muggon Station, Western Australia, Australia (WAM T97214) (23–34) 29 male pedipalp, ventral view 30 male pedipalp, retrolateral view 31, 33 epigyne, ventral view 32, 34 spermathecae, dorsal view. Scale bar: 0.25 mm (29–32), 0.50 mm (33–34).

Figures 91–95.Karaops spp. in situ. 91 Karaops raveni sp. n., on tree at dusk, Skillion Nature Reserve, New South Wales 92 Karaops badgeraddasp. n., on turned rock, Badgeradda Range, Muggon Station, Western Australia 93 Karaops martamarta sp. n., showing red coloration, from Red Hill, Pilbara, Western Australia 94 Karaops francesae sp. n., female guarding eggsac, Cape Arid, Western Australia 95 Karaops toolbrunup sp. n., on turned rock from scree slope, Toolbrunup, Stirling Ranges, Western Australia.

Figure 96–102.Habitats of Karaops species. 96 Macleay River, New South Wales, habitat of Karaops manaayn sp. n. and Karaops raveni sp. n., both collected under the bark of trees above the river 97 Scree slope in the Tinderry Ranges, New South Wales, habitat of Karaops raveni sp. n., collected from beneath the rocks 98 Badgeradda Range, near Muggon Station, Western Australia, habitat of Karaops badgeradda sp. n., collected from under loose rocks 99 Near Red Hill, Pilbara, Western Australia, habitat of Karaops martamarta sp. n., collected from beneath loose rocks. These spiders are a very red color, as the color of the substrate 100 Cape Arid, Western Australia, habitat of Karaops francesae sp. n., collected from beneath loose rocks on granite outcrop 101 Scree slope on Toolbrunup, Stirling Ranges National park, habitat of Karaops toolbrunup sp. n., collected from beneath rocks on scree slope 102 Forest at Kapalga, near South Alligator River, Kakadu National Park, Northern Territory, habitat of Karaops dawara sp. n., collected from beneath bark.

Map 8.The northwest of Western Australia (inset) showing the distribution of Karaops gen. n. Karaops julianneae sp. n. (black star), Karaops badgeradda sp. n. (white star), Karaops karrawarla sp. n. (white diamond), Karaops martamarta sp. n.(white circles), Karaops burbidgei sp. n. (white squares).

Figures 35–42.Copulatory organs of Karaops burbidgei sp. n., male holotype from John Wayne Country, Barrow Island, Western Australia, Australia (WAM T55000) (35–36), female paratype from Barrow Island, site 45, Western Australia, Australia (WAM T76698) (37–38), and Karaops karrawarla sp. n., male holotype from BB3, Bush Bay, Western Australia, Australia (WAM T55001) (39–40), female paratype from Bush Bay, Western Australia, Australia (WAM T76700) 35, 39 male pedipalp, ventral view 36, 40 male pedipalp, retrolateral view 37, 41 epigyne, ventral view 38, 42 spermathecae, dorsal view. Scale bar: 0.25 mm (35–38), 0.50 mm (39–42). Abbreviation: C = conductor.

Map 8.The northwest of Western Australia (inset) showing the distribution of Karaops gen. n. Karaops julianneae sp. n. (black star), Karaops badgeradda sp. n. (white star), Karaops karrawarla sp. n. (white diamond), Karaops martamarta sp. n.(white circles), Karaops burbidgei sp. n. (white squares).

Figures 35–42.Copulatory organs of Karaops burbidgei sp. n., male holotype from John Wayne Country, Barrow Island, Western Australia, Australia (WAM T55000) (35–36), female paratype from Barrow Island, site 45, Western Australia, Australia (WAM T76698) (37–38), and Karaops karrawarla sp. n., male holotype from BB3, Bush Bay, Western Australia, Australia (WAM T55001) (39–40), female paratype from Bush Bay, Western Australia, Australia (WAM T76700) 35, 39 male pedipalp, ventral view 36, 40 male pedipalp, retrolateral view 37, 41 epigyne, ventral view 38, 42 spermathecae, dorsal view. Scale bar: 0.25 mm (35–38), 0.50 mm (39–42). Abbreviation: C = conductor.

Map 8.The northwest of Western Australia (inset) showing the distribution of Karaops gen. n. Karaops julianneae sp. n. (black star), Karaops badgeradda sp. n. (white star), Karaops karrawarla sp. n. (white diamond), Karaops martamarta sp. n.(white circles), Karaops burbidgei sp. n. (white squares).

Figures 43–50.Copulatory organs of Karaops julianneae sp. n., male holotype from Lorna Glen Station, Western Australia, Australia (WAM T64748) (43–44), Karaops martamarta sp. n., female holotype from Trinity Bore South, vic. Cardo Camp, Red Hill, Pilbara, Western Australia, Australia (WAM T97482) (45–46), and Karaops manaayan sp. n., female holotype from Kempsey Road, West Armidale, above Mcleay River, New South Wales, Australia (AM KS043756) (47–48), male paratype from Armidale-Kempsey Road, above Mcleay River, New South Wales, Australia (AM KS113351) (49–50), 43, 45, 47 epigyne, ventral view 44, 46, 48 spermathecae, dorsal view 49 male pedipalp, ventral view 50 male pedipalp, retrolateral view. Scale bar: 0.50 mm. Abbreviation: QP = quadrangular process.

Map 8.The northwest of Western Australia (inset) showing the distribution of Karaops gen. n. Karaops julianneae sp. n. (black star), Karaops badgeradda sp. n. (white star), Karaops karrawarla sp. n. (white diamond), Karaops martamarta sp. n.(white circles), Karaops burbidgei sp. n. (white squares).

Figures 43–50.Copulatory organs of Karaops julianneae sp. n., male holotype from Lorna Glen Station, Western Australia, Australia (WAM T64748) (43–44), Karaops martamarta sp. n., female holotype from Trinity Bore South, vic. Cardo Camp, Red Hill, Pilbara, Western Australia, Australia (WAM T97482) (45–46), and Karaops manaayan sp. n., female holotype from Kempsey Road, West Armidale, above Mcleay River, New South Wales, Australia (AM KS043756) (47–48), male paratype from Armidale-Kempsey Road, above Mcleay River, New South Wales, Australia (AM KS113351) (49–50), 43, 45, 47 epigyne, ventral view 44, 46, 48 spermathecae, dorsal view 49 male pedipalp, ventral view 50 male pedipalp, retrolateral view. Scale bar: 0.50 mm. Abbreviation: QP = quadrangular process.

Figures 91–95.Karaops spp. in situ. 91 Karaops raveni sp. n., on tree at dusk, Skillion Nature Reserve, New South Wales 92 Karaops badgeraddasp. n., on turned rock, Badgeradda Range, Muggon Station, Western Australia 93 Karaops martamarta sp. n., showing red coloration, from Red Hill, Pilbara, Western Australia 94 Karaops francesae sp. n., female guarding eggsac, Cape Arid, Western Australia 95 Karaops toolbrunup sp. n., on turned rock from scree slope, Toolbrunup, Stirling Ranges, Western Australia.

Figure 96–102.Habitats of Karaops species. 96 Macleay River, New South Wales, habitat of Karaops manaayn sp. n. and Karaops raveni sp. n., both collected under the bark of trees above the river 97 Scree slope in the Tinderry Ranges, New South Wales, habitat of Karaops raveni sp. n., collected from beneath the rocks 98 Badgeradda Range, near Muggon Station, Western Australia, habitat of Karaops badgeradda sp. n., collected from under loose rocks 99 Near Red Hill, Pilbara, Western Australia, habitat of Karaops martamarta sp. n., collected from beneath loose rocks. These spiders are a very red color, as the color of the substrate 100 Cape Arid, Western Australia, habitat of Karaops francesae sp. n., collected from beneath loose rocks on granite outcrop 101 Scree slope on Toolbrunup, Stirling Ranges National park, habitat of Karaops toolbrunup sp. n., collected from beneath rocks on scree slope 102 Forest at Kapalga, near South Alligator River, Kakadu National Park, Northern Territory, habitat of Karaops dawara sp. n., collected from beneath bark.