Comprehensive Description
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology
Boulengerella lucius (Cuvier, 1816)
hydrocyon lucius Cuvier, 1816:168 [name in footnote with generic name in lower case; indicated as a new species originating in Brazil).
Hydrocyon lucius.—Cuvier, 1819:359, pl. 26, fig. 3 [type locality: Brazil].—Myers, 1950:46 [Xiphostoma cuvieri placed as a synonym of lucius].
Xiphostoma lucius.—Müller and Troschel, 1845:20 [questionably placed as synonym of Xiphostoma cuvieri Agassiz in Spix and Agassiz, 1829].—Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1849:350 [redescription based on holotype of hydrocyon lucius; distinctiveness of species from X. cuvieri argued],—Günther, 1864:357 [based on Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1849],—Eigenmann and Eigenmann, 1891:59 [based on Günther, 1864].—[not Holmberg, 1889:366; 1891:192].
Hydrocynus lucius.—Eigenmann, 1910:446 [literature compilation].—Bertin, 1948:30 [type depository].
Boulengerella lucius.—Fowler, 1950:329 [literature compilation; references in part, not listed literature citations of species in Río Paraguay system; not reported occurrence of species in Río Paraguay system]; 1975:123 [literature compilation],—Lowe-McConnell, 1991:68 [Brazil, Río Xingu].—[not Ringuelet and Arámbunu, 1961:34; Ringuelet et al., 1967:169; Ringuelet, 1975:73; López et al., 1987:16].
Boulengerella lucium.—Schultz, 1950:52 [in part, hydrocyon lucius citations; not Xiphostoma cuvieri, X. ocellatum, and X. longipinne synonymies and citations; British Guiana (= Guyana): Essequibo River, Rockstone].
Boulengerella lucia.—Géry, 1977:106 [assignment to subgenus Spixostoma; in part, not synonym of B. ocellatus and B. cuvieri].—Ferreira, 1984:355 [Brazil: Par´ Santarém, Represa de Cuuruá-Una].—[not Cala, 1990:94; Taphorn and García-Tenía, 1991:39].
DIAGNOSIS.—The location of the dorsal-fin base distinctly anterior to the vertical through the anal-fin origin in Boulengerella lucius distinguishes it from all ctenoluciids except B. cuvieri and B. xyrekes. Boulengerella lucius differs from those two species in having the membranes of the basal portions of the middle caudal-fin rays darkly pigmented and forming a series of horizontally elongate patches between the fin rays, contrary to having an irregularly rotund, discrete, dark spot on the basal portions of those fin rays (compare Figure 40 with those for B. cuvieri and B. xyrekes). The distinctly dusky middle caudal-fin rays and random pattern of dark spots on the ventrolateral portion of the body (Figure 40) in B. lucius further distinguishes it from B. cuvieri and B. xyrekes, which lack such dusky caudal-fin pigmentation and have instead diffuse dusky midlateral body stripes. Boulengerella lucius and B. cuvieri also differ in the number of vertebrae (45 or 46 versus 48 or 49, respectively) and number of premaxillary teeth in specimens greater than ~80 mm HL (Figure 39). The absence of a dark oblique band across the posteroventral portion of the third infraorbital in B. lucius further distinguishes that species from B. xyrekes, which has such pigmentation except in the largest specimens. The latter two species also differ in number of lateral-line scales (98–117 in B. lucius versus 87–94 in B. xyrekes) and number of predorsal scales (62–72 versus 54–63, respectively). Autapomorphies for B. lucius are detailed under the “Phylogenetic Reconstruction,” above.
DESCRIPTION.—The species is one of the larger in the genus, with the largest measured specimen being 420 mm SL. Head and body notably elongate (Figure 40). Greatest body depth at dorsal-fin origin in smaller individuals, distinctly anterior to that line in larger specimens. Dorsal profile of head and body nearly straight to dorsal-fin origin, very slightly posteroventrally angled at base of dorsal fin, straight from rear of fin to adipose fin. Dorsal surface of body in preserved specimens often somewhat flattened anterior to dorsal fin, somewhat flattened to smoothly rounded transversely posterior to fin. Ventral profile of body gently convex from tip of snout to caudal peduncle; convexity more pronounced in larger individuals. Prepelvic region of body transversely rounded.
Head distinctly pointed in both lateral and dorsal views. Form of upper jaw, lower jaw, and nostrils as described for Boulengerella lateristriga, above. Fleshy process at tip of snout proportionally small in 54 mm SL specimen; proportionally larger in larger examined individuals. Interorbital region proportionally wider in larger specimens.
Arrangement and form of teeth in both premaxillae and dentaries comparable to those in Boulengerella lateristriga described above. Premaxillary teeth in a single row, with 104–153 teeth in specimens of 43–128 mm HL, with number of teeth somewhat variable at a particular standard length. Overall ontogenetic trend is for an allometric increase in number of teeth; rate of increase decreasing at larger standard lengths (Figure 39). Cleared and counterstained juvenile of 99.0 mm SL with two patches of 2 or 3 teeth on medial portion of premaxilla. No inner series of premaxillary teeth present in examined individuals. Maxilla with 16–18 teeth along its anterior margin in specimens of 43–128 mm HL. Dentary lacking teeth anteriorly immediately proximate to symphysis, with 101–144 teeth arranged in a single series in specimens of 43–128 mm HL. Overall ontogenetic trend is for increase in number of teeth at larger standard lengths. Number of dentary teeth somewhat variable within limited range of head lengths. Dentary without inner row of teeth in examined specimens. Teeth on upper and lower pharyngeal tooth-plates small and conic.
Lateral line nearly completely perforated, with approximately 3–7 scales overlying basal portions of middle caudalfin rays lacking pores. Scales on body with surface sculpturing and irregular margins, but without distinct cteni. Scales along pre-and postdorsal midlines arranged somewhat irregularly.
Dorsal fin ii–iii,8. First basal dorsal-fin pterygiophore inserting behind neural spine of 22nd vertebra. Posterior terminus of dorsal fin distinctly anterior to vertical line through anal-fin origin. Distal margin of dorsal fin somewhat convex. Anal fin iii,8. First basal anal-fin pterygiophore inserting behind hemal spine of 31st or 32nd vertebrae. Form of anal fin highly variable ontogenetically. Posterior rays distinctly longer than anterior rays in smaller individuals, forming distinct elongate lobe. Posterior rays becoming progressively relatively shorter with increasing standard length, distinctly shorter than anterior rays in largest individuals examined. Pectoral fin i,16–20,iii-iv; pointed in profile with first branched ray longest; tip extends posteriorly one-third distance to pelvic-fin origin in smaller individuals, less than one-quarter of distance in larger specimens. Pelvic fin i,7; distal margin obtusely pointed; reaches posteriorly over one-half distance to anal fin in smaller individuals, approximately one-third of distance in larger specimens. Caudal fin forked. Adipose fin present.
VERTEBRAE.—45(4), 46 (8).
LIFE COLORATION (based on a photograph of a recently collected specimen from the Rio Trombetas, Amazonas, Brazil, provided by Heiko Bleher).—Overall coloration of head and body bright silver. Obscure dark longitudinal stripe extending from rear of orbit to posterior margin of infraorbital series and expanded to large spot on anterior margin of opercle. Body with variably shaped, dark spots on ventrolateral and lateral surfaces. Dark pigmentation on fins as described under “Color in Alcohol.” Anterodorsal portion of dorsal fin and distal portions of dorsal and ventral lobes of caudal fin orange-red.
Morphometrics
Standard Length 133–420
1. Body depth at dorsal-fin origin 0.127–0.173
2. Snout to dorsal-fin origin 0.652–0.714
3. Snout to anal-fin origin 0.799–0.854
4. Snout to pectoral-fin origin 0.275–0.323
5. Snout to pelvic-fin origin 0.595–0.649
6. Dorsal-fin origin to hypural joint 0.282–0.345
7. Dorsal-fin origin to anal-fin origin 0.165–0.211
8. Dorsal-fin origin to pelvic-fin insertion 0.141–0.184
9. Dorsal-fin origin to pectoral-fin insertion 0.390–0.449
10. Caudal-peduncle depth 0.064–0.075
11. Pectoral-fin length 0.105–0.151
12. Pelvic-fin length 0.105–0.141
13. Length of longest dorsal-fin ray 0.129–0.169
14. Length of longest anal-fin ray 0.077–0.092
15. Anal-fin base 0.064–0.081
16. Head length 0.278–0.343
17. Snout length 0.450–0.512
18. Orbital diameter 0.128–0.167
19. Postorbital length 0.332–0.380
20. Lower-jaw length 0.558–0.630
21. Interorbital width 0.198–0.251
Meristics
Scales along lateral-line series
98–117
Pored lateral-line scales
90–108
Scale rows between dorsal-fin origin and lateral-line series
12–14
Scale rows between anal-fin origin and lateral-line series
9–11
Predorsal median scales
62–72
Postdorsal median scales
17–22
Branched dorsal-fin rays
8
Branched anal-fin rays
8
Pectoral-fin rays
21–28
Branched pelvic-fin rays
7
Vertebrae
45–46
COLOR IN ALCOHOL.—Specimens with residual guanine on scales silvery to silvery-golden, darker on dorsal surface of head and body. Distinct to obscure longitudinal stripe extending from rear of orbit to posterior margin of infraorbital series. Specimens completely or largely lacking guanine on scales with ground coloration of head and body ranging from light tan to brown, somewhat to distinctly more dusky dorsally in smaller individuals; darker overall and light to dark brown laterally and dorsally in larger individuals. Intensity of dark pigmentation variable between samples, perhaps as consequence of differing water conditions, and variable to a lesser degree within population samples. Snout and fleshy tissue along margin of upper jaw dusky in lighter colored smaller specimens, entire snout dusky in smaller dark-colored individuals and all examined larger specimens. Variably distinct horizontal stripe of darker pigmentation extending from rear of orbit to posterior margin of infraorbital series; stripe more intense posteriorly and more obvious in specimens with overall darker body pigmentation. Opercle somewhat to distinctly dusky on its ventral portion, typically with distinct dark spot on middle of its dorsal portion and dark pigmentation anteriorly in region proximate to rear of horizontal stripe on third infraorbital.
Body with somewhat random pattern and number of small, variably shaped, dark spots on ventrolateral and lateral surfaces. Individual spots approximately size of exposed surface of individual body scales, sometimes juxtaposed and forming larger spot. Spots on dorsal portions of body variably masked by darker pigmentation in that region in overall darker individuals. Dorsal fin without any pronounced pattern, somewhat to distinctly dusky with degree of pigmentation correlated with intensity of overall body pigmentation. Caudal fin with basal one-half to two-thirds of ventral and dorsal rays and all middle rays variably dusky. Distal portions of ventral and dorsal rays hyaline. Dark pigmentation most developed on membranes between middle rays of fin, particularly basally where pigmentation forms series of small elongate patches between neighboring fin rays; patches not distinct from dark pigmentation on remainder of fin membrane in specimens with darker overall head and body coloration. Individual patches of dark pigmentation on fin membranes separated by lighter pigmentation overlying basal portions of individual fin rays. Patches less apparent in larger individuals, particularly specimens with overall darker body pigmentation. Elongate posterior rays of anal fin dark in smaller individuals. Larger specimens with short posterior anal rays unpigmented. Central portion of pelvic fin dusky to dark, intensity and proportion of fin with dark pigmentation correlated with degree of overall body coloration. Pectoral fin hyaline to distinctly dusky.
DISTRIBUTION.—Rio Amazonas and Río Orinoco basins (Figure 41).
DISTRIBUTION.—Rio Amazonas, Rio Tocantins, and Rio Orinoco basins, Essequibo River system of Guyana, Oyapock River (Rio Oiapoque) along border between French Guiana and Brazil, and coastal rivers of states of Amapá and Pará in Brazil (Figure 45).
MATERIAL EXAMINED.—316 specimens (complete data taken on 111 specimens, 50.2–675 mm SL; partial data taken on 49 additional specimens).
BRAZIL. No specific locality: MHNN 89.823, 1 (325, holotype of Xiphostoma cuvieri). Piauí: Rio Parnahyba (= Parnaíba), Therezina (= Teresina), ANSP 69620, 1 (cited locality questionable, see comments under “Remarks,” above). Amapá: Rio Araguari, Ferreira Gomes (˜0°80′N, 51°10′W), MZUSP 32145, 5 (1, 340). Rio Cupixi, at bridge on road to Serra do Navio (00°40′N, 51°40′W), MZUSP 32146, 5 (1, 590). Pará: No specific locality (probably region of Belém based on collector, E.C. Starks), AMNH 3945, 3. [Rio] “Tocantins,” MNHN 4233, 1 (–163; holotype of Xiphostoma oseryi). Rio Capim, Praia da Caramandia (01°40′S, 40°47′W), MZUSP 23874, 6. Rio Capim, Vila Santana, MZUSP 23994, 1. Rio Capim, near Badajós, MZUSP 13038–39,2. Rio Capim and tributary streams, USNM 319784, 2 (1, 147; specimen cleared and counterstained). Rio Tocantins, lagoa in front of Jatobá (04°32′S, 49°32′W), MZUSP 24150, 1; MZUSP 24118, 2. Rio Tocantins, Jatobá, lagoa near Canal do Capitariquara, MZUSP 24162, 10. Río Tocantins, Baião (02°41′S,49°51′W), MZUSP 24068, 1 (175). Río Tocantins, between Mocajuba and Baião, MZUSP 24062, 2 (1, 151). Rio Itacaiunas, Serra dos Carajás, Caldeirão (05°45′S, 50°30′W), MZUSP 31612, 31 (1, 675); MZUSP 32161, 1; MZUSP 32159, 5. Rio Itacaiunas, Caldeirão, Igarapé Águas Claras, MZUSP 32158, 1. Rio Trombetas, Oriximiná (01°40′S, 56°00′W), MZUSP 5466, 2. Rio Trombetas, Reserva Biologica de Trombetas, MZUSP 15808, 1. Igarapé Sororoca, Furo de Panaquera, MZUSP 22986, 1. Furo de Panaquera, Engenho Santo Antônio, MZUSP 23974, 1. Cametá, Igarapé Oricurá, MZUSP 24038, 1. Rio Tapajós, MZUSP 25485, 1 (640). Río Tapajós, Santo Antônio, MZUSP 25574, 1 (620). Rio Tapajós, Alter de Chão (02°30′S, 55°00′W), MZUSP 8466, 1 (245); MZUSP 9530, 1. Rio Tapajós, between Itaituba and São Luis (04°25′S, 56°10′W), MZUSP 32151, 11. Rio Tapajós basin, Rio Jamanxim, above Bebul (04°43′S, 56°18′W), MZUSP 25294, 1. Cachoeira do Maranháozinho, Rio Tapajós, near S˜o Luis, MZUSP 24287, 2 (1, 186). Rio Xingu, Belo Monte (03°10′S, 51°50′W), MZUSP 43129, 1 (174). Rio Xingu, Aldeia Gorotire, municipio de São Felix do Xingu (06°38′S, 51°59′W), MZUSP 35972, 1 (335). Rio Xingu, Cachoeira do Espelho, MZUSP 36849, 3 (1, 225). Amazonas: Rio Urubu, 25 mi (40 km) from Itacoatiara (03°09′S, 58°40′W), USNM 179525, 1 (192). Rio Amazonas, Itacoatiara (03°09′S, 58°25′W), MZUSP 13500, 1. Paraná do Urucará, municipio de Urucará (02°32′S, 57°45′W), MZUSP 7526, 1 (173). Lago Saracá (02°53′S, 58°21′W), MZUSP 5803, 2. Lago Manacapuru (03°08′S, 64°06′W), MZUSP 6540, 1. Rio Negro, vicinity of Manaus (03°06′S, 60°00′W), MZUSP 6675, 1 (137). Rio Jauaperi, from its mouth to 100 km upstream (01°26′S, 62°35′W), MZUSP 22291, 1. Rio Negro, São Gabriel de Cachoeira (00°07′S, 67°05′W), MZUSP 32172, 1. Igarapé Baré, Lago Amana, mouth of Rio Japurá, MZUSP 36090, 1. Rio Tefé, Vista Escura, MZUSP 42711, 1 (620); MZUSP 32147, 3 (1, 290). Rio Javari, immediately downstream of confluence of Rio Jaquirana and Rio Gálvez, NRM 24122, 6. Mato Grosso: Rio Juruena, USNM 199229, 1 (81.0); USNM 194389, 1 (353); USNM 194411, 1 (625). Rio Xingu, confluence of Rio Coluene and Rio Sete de Setembre (14°37′S, 53°34′W), MZUSP 32148, 3. Goiás: Rio Araguaia, Aruanã (14°54′S, 51°05′W), USNM 191563, 3 (2, 183–190). Rio Paraná, Iaciara, Fazenda Salobre, 8 km above ferry crossing along highway 112 (14°09′S, 46°40′W), MZUSP 40580, 8. Rio Paraná, Nova Roma, below mouth of Rio São Domingos, MZUSP 40772, 1. Roraima: Rio Negro, between mouth of Rio Branco and the Rio Xeruini, MZUSP 32160, 1. Rio Branco, Boa Vista (02°49′N, 60°40′W), MZUSP 23579, 1 (230). Rio Branco, Cachoeira do Bern Querer (02°00′N, 61°00′W), MZUSP 32150, 5 (2, 160–375). Igarapé Grande, tributary to Rio Uraricoera, along road from Boa Esperanca to Boa Vista (03°20′N, 61°30′W), MZUSP 23622, 1 (186). Rondonia: Rio São Domingo, tributary of Rio Ji-Paraná at Santa Cruz de Serra, MZUSP 28177, 1. Rio Machado, Lago do Paraiso (08°40′S, 62°30′W), MZUSP 14039, 3 (1, 320).
PERU. Loreto: Rio Nanay, ˜20 km upstream from mouth, USNM 280451, 1 (141). Rio Nanay, at Nanay Beach, W of Iquitos (03°50′S, 73°11′W), USNM 280450, 1 (140). Rio Nanay drainage, left bank sand playa opposite Llanchama Cocha, NRM 25215, 5 (4, 98.0–121). Río Nanay, left bank sand playa opposite mouth of Quebrada Agua Negra, NRM 25259, 4 (3, 118–164). Río Nanay, just above Cocha Morona, ˜14.4 km above Río Amazonas (03°43′S, 73°18′W), ANSP 136818, 2. Río Nanay, ˜4 km below Nina Rumi (03°44′S, 73°20′W), ANSP 167107, 2. Río Putomayo, El Estrecho, NRM 25225, 2(1, 58.8). Río Putomayo, El Estrecho, flooded margin of river at Fundo Alvarez, NRM 13507, 2. Río Putomayo basin, downstream of EI Estrecho, S shore of Cedros Cocha, NRM 25223, 1. Río Napo basin, Cocha Aucapoza, 1.
COLOMBIA. Amazonas: Leticia, Lagos de Leticia (04°09′S, 69°57′W), NRM 14974, 1. Meta: Río Manacacias, near La Esperanzas, MCZ 58972, 2. Quebrada Venturosa, above road between La Balsa and Puerto Lopez, ANSP 128301, 2.
FRENCH GUIANA. Oyapock River, Saut Maripa and upstream (03°48′N, 51°54′W), ZMA 107.628, 1 (355). Oyapock River basin, Riviere Camapi, ZMA 119.696, 1 (103). Oyapock River, rapids of Trois Sauts (02°15′N, 52°53′W), ZMA 107.812, 1.
GUYANA. Essequibo River, CAS 68821, 6 (3, 96.0–137). Essequibo River N of Kurupukari, ROM 62511, 1 (144); ROM 62512, 1. Essequibo River, Kurupukari, ROM 62513, 2 (118–126). Essequibo River, N of Tambikabo, ROM 62514, 4 (2, 106–175). Essequibo River, ˜1 mi upstream from Tambikabo Inlet, ROM 62515, 1 (480). Rockstone, USNM 66208, 1 (103). Essequibo River at Rockstone, MCZ 30024, 2 (103–110); AMNH 38039, 1 (50.2). Bartica, AMNH 13414, 1. N bank of Cuyuni River, AMNH 72963, 2 (1, 121); AMNH 72993, 2.
VENEZUELA. Territorio Federal Delta Amacuro: Río Orinoco, Caño Guarguapo, LACM 43382–5, 5 (112–240); MBUCV V-13080, 3 (1, 161). Laguna La Ceiba, Los Castillos de Guyana, MHNLS 4781, 1. Monagas: Río Orinoco, 161 n mi (˜298 km) upstream of sea buoy, USNM 226266, 1 (113). Laguna Guatero, near Barrancas, 142 n mi (˜263 km) from sea buoy (8°43′N, 62° 11′W), ANSP 149506, 1 (94.2). Río Orinoco, small pool on N side of Isla Tres Caños (8°40′N, 62°10′W), USNM 226258, 1 (143). Río Orinoco, inlet on N side of Isla Varadero, downstream from Barrancas, LACM 43384–1, 1 (130). Laguna Las Barrancas (8°25′N, 62°9′W), MHNLS 5080, 1. Río Orinoco, backwater of Caño Araguao, 112 n mi (–207 km) from sea buoy (8°38′N, 61°43′W), USNM 226340, 1 (146). Río Orinoco, Caño Chivera, Isla Chivera, near Barrancas, LACM 43399–4,4 (132–192). Río Orinoco, Isla Tapatapa, Laguna Tapatapa, MBUCV V-13349, 1. Guarico: Caño Los Aceites, MHNLS 6391, 1. Santa Rita, Río Manapire, MBUCV V-5746, 1. Río San Jose, ˜10 km N of confluence of Río San Jose and Río Guariquito, UMMZ 214837, 2 (285–300). Amazonas: Río Orinoco at El Burro (6° 12′N, 67°26′W), ANSP 160095, 2 (124–210). Small caño connecting with Río Orinoco immediately S of EI Burro, USNM 270341, 1 (152). Río Mavaca, AMNH 93100, 1 (dry skeleton). Río Mavaca at Tapirapeco base camp (1°51′N, 65°08′W), AMNH 93030, 2 (265–280). Río Pamoni, ˜0.5 km from confluence of Río Casiquiare (2°50′N, 65°24′W), ANSP 162750, 1 (370); ANSP 162757, 2. Side Channel of Río Ventuari, ˜12 km above confluence with Río Orinoco (4°04′N, 66°56′W), ANSP 161218, 2. Caño Orera, at border between Estado Bolivar and Estado Amazonas, ˜ 68 km NE of Puerto Ayacucho (6°10′N, 67°22′W), ANSP 165676, 1 (260). Bolivar: Río Orinoco basin, Ciudad Bolivar, Lago Les Tejitas (08°08′N, 63°33′W), ANSP 166586, 2 (117–170). Río Caura at Puerto Las Majadas (7°38′18″N, 64°50′24″W), ANSP 160093, 7 (6, 86.3–141); ANSP 169687, 2 (1, 155). Caño (possibly Caño Curimo) feeding Río Caura near confluence of Río Caura and Río Orinoco (7°37′48″N, 64°50′42″W), ANSP 159596, 6 (176–290). Río Caura, Maripa, at bridge, MHNLS 8170, 1. Río Caura, Laguna Paramoto, MHNLS 4053, 1. Río Orinoco, Laguna Las Garzas, MHNLS 4056, 1. San Felix, Laguna Tamarindo, MHNLS 4057, 4; MHNLS 4055, 1; MHNLS 4058, 2. San Felix, Laguna Guaiparo, MHNLS 4052, 2 (1, 158). Confluence of Río Orinoco and Río Caura (7°38′36″N, 64°50′W), ANSP 160356, 1. Río Mato (7°02′N, 65°13′W), ANSP 139625, 1. Río Cuyuni, Isla Anacoco (06°23′N, 58°41′W), MHNLS 4779, 3 (2, 127–155); MHNLS 5738, 3 (122–177). Río Cuyuni, 2 km from Mission Anacoco, MHNLS 9952, 1. Apure: Río Cinaruco basin, Laguna Larga (6°33.32′N, 67°24.81′W), INHS 61438, 2 (186–280). Caño Guaritico, between Fundo Los Ventanas and Fundo Cornelio Herrera, MHNLS 9651, 2; MHNLS 9653, 2; MHNLS 9652, 1; MHNLS 9648, 4 (2, 170–247); MHNLS 9650, 4 (3, 188–237). Caño Guaritico, Hato El Frio, MHNLS 9655, 1. Caño Guaritico, at confluence with Río Apure, MHNLS 9656, 3. Caño Setentia, at confluence with Caño Guaritico, MHNLS 9654, 2; MHNLS 9647, 1. Laguna Depirital, Caño Guaritico, MHNLS 9649, 1 (195). Río Capanaparo, along highway from San Fernando de Apure to Puerto Paez, MBUCV V-4669,3(1, 127). Río Capanaparo, MHNLS 779, 3 (1, 147).
- citação bibliográfica
- Vari, Richard P. 1995. "The neotropical fish family Ctenoluciidae (Teleostei: Ostariophysi: Characiformes) : supra and intrafamilial phylogenetic relationships, with a revisionary study." Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology. 1-97. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.564
