nomes no trilho de navegação
L'Asterocampa celtis, ye una especie de lepidópteru perteneciente a la familia Nymphalidae. [1]
La parte cimera de les ales ye principalmente de color gris-marrón o marrón-naranxa. La zona subterminal de la nala anterior tien una o dos enllordies oculares, dacuando colos centros de color azul. La parte inferior de les ales pueden ser de color gris claru o marrón. Les ales posteriores tienen una fila de color negru, mariellu con aros y llurdios oculares centrada n'azul.
Asterocampa celtis puede trate cerca de los cantos del monte, los regueros cercanos, alredor d'edificios, y cerca del mugor y llurdios de folla.
Los adultos nun visiten les flores, pero aliméntense de fruta en descomposición, la cazumbre d'árboles, cuchu y cadabres d'animales.
Especies del xéneru Celtis son les plantes d'acoyida pa esta especie.
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Denton, Texas
.L'Asterocampa celtis, ye una especie de lepidópteru perteneciente a la familia Nymphalidae.
Asterocampa celtis (Syn.: Apatura Celtis)[1] ist ein Schmetterling aus der Familie der Edelfalter (Nymphalidae).
Die Flügelspannweite dieser Falter beträgt 40 bis 55 Millimeter, nach anderen Quellen zwischen 50 und 66 Millimetern[2]. Sie sind gelbbraun gefärbt und besitzen an den Spitzen der Vorderflügel weiße Punkte. Auf dem Hinterflügel sind es schwarze Flecke die eine Reihe am Außenrand bilden. Die Oberseiten der Vorderflügel besitzen einen charakteristischen schwarzen Augenfleck am äußeren Rand. Die Unterseiten der Flügel sind heller gefärbt und weisen dieselben Flecken auf wie auf der Oberseite, allerdings sind die Flecken hier noch weiß umrandet. Die Männchen sind in der Regel kleiner als die Weibchen und haben schmalere Flügel.[2]
Die Eier sind cremig grün, weiß oder hellgelb gefärbt und durch eine Reihe von vertikalen Rippen gezeichnet.[2]
Der Körper der Raupen ist grün mit grün-blauen Seiten und gelben Streifen die teilweise in einer Zick-Zack Linie verlaufen. Zwischen den Härchen befinden sich helle Punkte. Der Kopf ist grün oder braun mit vertikalen cremefarbenen Streifen und zwei langen Gabelhörnern hinter denen jeweils eine gelbe Linie verläuft. Ausgewachsene Raupen werden ca. 35 Millimeter groß.[2] Sie haben eine sehr raue Haut[3].
Die Puppen sind gelb bis blau-grün mit einer gelben Linie mittig am Rücken und hellen Punkten am Bauch sowie vielen weißen schräg verlaufenden Linien unterhalb des Rückens. Eine dieser Linien kommt vom Analwinkel (Tornus) des Flügels und zwei andere dicke Linien verlaufen von den Spitzen der Hörner bis zur Mitte des Thorax in der Nähe der Rückenlinie. Weiterhin gibt es weiße Wellenlinien an den Seiten des Bauches die um den oberen Teil des Flügels verlaufen.
Adulte Falter ernähren sich vom Saft faulender Früchte und Obst[4] nehmen manchmal aber auch Blumennektar z. B. vom Wasserdost (Eupatorium)[3], Schlamm, Aas und Kot auf. Männchen sitzen den ganzen Tag auf kleinen Bäumen, sonnenbeschienenen Baumstämmen oder anderen erhöhten Objekte und warten auf vorbeifliegende Weibchen. Am häufigsten tun sie dies vom frühen Nachmittag bis zum Sonnenuntergang. Ebenso sind menschliche Köpfe, sofern sich diese in ihrem Revier befinden gerne genommene Aussichtsplattformen, hier nehmen sie auch Schweiß auf.[2] Sie haben einen sehr schnellen Flug. Weibchen sind weniger aktiv als Männchen, dadurch sind sie schwerer zu beobachten.[2] Es werden mehrere Generationen von März bis November im Süden von Texas und in Florida ausgebildet. In Missouri sind es drei Generationen und weiter nördlich dann zwei Generationen von Juni bis September. Manchmal versammeln sich ganze Schwärme dieser Schmetterlinge in ihrem südlicheren Verbreitungsgebiet.[2]
Die Raupen befressen besonders junge Blätter von Zürgelbäumen (Celtis) und Ulmengewächsen (Ulmaceae)[1]. Sie sind Einzelgänger und ruhen oft auf der Unterseite von Blättern. Ihre Entwicklung ist schneller als die der Art Asterocampa clyton. Im dritten Raupenstadium überwintert die Art. Hierfür ziehen sie sich in ein Nest aus zwei zusammen gesponnen Blättern zurück. Hier verfärbt sie sich während des Winters auch ins braune[4].
Die Eier werden meistens einzeln, manchmal aber auch in Gruppen von bis zu 20, seltener mehr, an jungen Nahrungspflanzen oder frischen Trieben abgelegt. Manchmal auch auf Rinde oder Zweigen.
Die Art ist in Nordamerika von der subtropischen bis zur gemäßigten Zone verbreitet. Ihr Verbreitungsgebiet reicht vom Süden Mexikos nordöstlich in den Südwesten der USA bis nach Nebraska und in weite Teile der östlichen USA. Ausnahmen bilden hier die nördlichen Hälften von Wisconsin, Michigan und New York sowie Neuengland. Er ist häufig in Nord und Zentral Florida ist aber selten in Südflorida.[2]
Sie bewohnt hier sehr unterschiedliche Lebensräume von Flusswäldern über Wüsten aber auch städtische Parkanlagen oder Bergregionen[2].
Im ITIS-Report werden 3 Unterarten unterschieden:[5]
In der Literatur gibt es noch eine weitere Unterart.
Die Art ist weit verbreitet und häufig.
Asterocampa celtis (Syn.: Apatura Celtis) ist ein Schmetterling aus der Familie der Edelfalter (Nymphalidae).
Asterocampa celtis, the hackberry emperor, is a North American butterfly that belongs to the brushfooted butterfly family, Nymphalidae.[2] It gets its name from the hackberry tree (Celtis occidentalis and others in the genus Celtis) upon which it lays its eggs. The hackberry tree is the only host plant for A. celtis and is the food source for larvae.
The hackberry emperor is known for being a quick, mercurial butterfly. It often is found along water sources and lowlands, although it lives in a broad range of habitats. Another notable characteristic is that it rarely is spotted visiting a flower, which is considered unusual for a butterfly.[3]
Species in the genus Asterocampa are regarded as being "cheater" organisms, since these butterflies do not pollinate flowers when they feed from them. This species can more accurately be described as parasitizing their hosts and plant food sources since they extract nutrients without providing any benefits to the host.[4]
As a member of the family Nymphalidae, the hackberry emperor oviposits its eggs in clutches, or clusters, upon hackberry leaves. There are a few plausible evolutionary reasons for this behavior, but the exact cause for this species' behavior is in contention. Possible explanations include higher fecundity that may be aided by aposematic coloration.[5]
The hackberry emperor is found across a wide range within North America. It has been observed as far south as central Mexico and north into parts of Eastern Canada. Its range extends to the southwest into regions like Arizona, New Mexico, and other parts of the Rockies, as shown by the map. It can commonly be found across the Midwest and especially along the east coast from Florida up to New England.[3][6]
Asterocampa celtis lives wherever the hackberry tree lives. There are a variety of species of the hackberry line, and A. celtis is not found preferentially on any one kind of hackberry. More specifically, the butterfly lives in cities, forests, and wooded areas, and especially prefers areas near rivers or other bodies of water. The species is not very deterred by human development. Furthermore, the hackberry emperor may be seen near woodland edges, near creeks, around buildings, and around damp, muddy areas.[6]
The larvae of A. celtis feed upon the leaves and leaf buds of hackberry trees. They must first climb back up their host tree to eat after they are done hibernating over winter. The caterpillars have been known to eat so much at a time that they can completely defoliate a tree.[3][7]
Adults feed on a variety of food sources. They seldom make visitations to flowers so nectar is not a primary food source. Instead, they commonly eat hackberry sap, feces, dead animals including decaying pigs, snakes, and dogs, and old fruit.[8] They drink from water in puddles. Also, they are known to land on humans to lick off their sweat to gain sodium.[3][6]
A. celtis usually lays eggs in clusters on the underside of hackberry leaves, although it has been observed to occasionally lay eggs on the top of a leaf. Laying eggs in clusters results in higher fecundity for the female. Some factors influencing oviposition could be that laying eggs in a large cluster decreases the time and energy necessary for searching for new leaf sites, which decrease the risk of maternal death between oviposition events. For A. celtis, laying eggs in clusters is its best strategy to produce the most offspring.[5][7]
The pale eggs are laid in clusters of 5-20 eggs on the host plant.[9] Eggs look white with a faint green-yellow hue.
The body is approximately 1.4" long. The head has brown-black colored dorsal horns. The body is a primarily green with whitish-yellow chalazae, or bumps. At the rear, two sharp tails protrude outwards level with the abdomen.
Half-grown larvae hibernate over the winter in fallen hackberry leaves along the forest floor. In the spring, they emerge again and climb back up the hackberry tree to eat the foliage.[3][7]
Pupae have a dark green color with white spots all around the body. There are also white lines going diagonally across the abdomen.[3]
Pupae are found on the underside of hackberry leaves and metamorphose into adults in the early summer.[7]
A. celtis adults exhibit sexual dimorphism. Males have smaller, darker bodies and more slender wings than females. Both males and females are light brown with a row of black or white dots near the far edge of their wings. White spots near the front of the wing help distinguish it from a similar butterfly, the Tawny Emperor.[3][6]
Adult hackberry emperors lay two broods in a year. This production of multiple generations within one year makes it such that all life stages may be present at one time within a single site or host tree.[7]
A. celtis visits flowers in an unusual way. On the rare occasion that the butterfly visits flowers for feeding, it does not allow its feet or its antennae to touch the flower. Only the proboscis is used to touch parts of the flower, which suggests that the butterfly would be an ineffective pollinator. This is considered to be “cheater” behavior. Typically, the specialized relationship of flowering plants and butterflies results in mutual benefit, in that the butterfly gains nutrients from flower visits while the host plant gains reproductive fitness from assistance in pollination. However, the hackberry emperor likely does not aid in pollination in any significant way.[4]
Generalist species like birds and mammals, such as bears and raccoons, will eat larvae that lie along the forest floor. The stink bug is also a very common predator of hackberry emperor eggs.[6][10]
Scelionid egg parasites antagonize many species of Asterocampa, including the hackberry emperor. A tachinid fly parasitoid, Chetogena edwardsii, is another common threat to the hackberry emperor.[10]
Male searching behavior in butterflies generally falls into two different strategies. One strategy is to actively patrol an area for females. Patrollers are attracted to still objects that resemble a mate. The other strategy is to perch. Perchers typically spend only part of the day actively looking for a mate. They sit perched upon a branch waiting for a female to fly by. When a male sees movement nearby it will quickly fly out to attempt to mate, but stay within a limited habitat.[11]
A. celtis exhibit perching behavior. The male rests on rocks, trees, or fallen branches often along streams from the afternoon until around sundown.[11]
The hackberry emperor is not under serious threat. It can commonly be found throughout most of its distribution.[12]
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In Denton, Texas, United States
In Butler County, Kansas, United States
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) Asterocampa celtis, the hackberry emperor, is a North American butterfly that belongs to the brushfooted butterfly family, Nymphalidae. It gets its name from the hackberry tree (Celtis occidentalis and others in the genus Celtis) upon which it lays its eggs. The hackberry tree is the only host plant for A. celtis and is the food source for larvae.
The hackberry emperor is known for being a quick, mercurial butterfly. It often is found along water sources and lowlands, although it lives in a broad range of habitats. Another notable characteristic is that it rarely is spotted visiting a flower, which is considered unusual for a butterfly.
Species in the genus Asterocampa are regarded as being "cheater" organisms, since these butterflies do not pollinate flowers when they feed from them. This species can more accurately be described as parasitizing their hosts and plant food sources since they extract nutrients without providing any benefits to the host.
As a member of the family Nymphalidae, the hackberry emperor oviposits its eggs in clutches, or clusters, upon hackberry leaves. There are a few plausible evolutionary reasons for this behavior, but the exact cause for this species' behavior is in contention. Possible explanations include higher fecundity that may be aided by aposematic coloration.
Asterocampa celtis es una especie de lepidóptero de la familia Nymphalidae.
La parte superior de las alas es principalmente de color gris-marrón o marrón-naranja. La zona subterminal del ala anterior tiene uno o dos ocelos, a veces con los centros de color azul. La parte inferior de las alas pueden ser de color gris claro o marrón. Las alas posteriores tienen una fila de color negro, amarillo con aros y ocelos centrada en azul.
Asterocampa celtis puede verse cerca de los bordes del bosque, los arroyos cercanos, alrededor de los edificios, y cerca de la humedad y manchas de barro.
Los adultos no visitan las flores, pero se alimentan de fruta en descomposición, la savia de árboles, estiércol y cadáveres de animales.
Se encuentra en Norteamérica, en el este y centro del país y parte del sureste de Canadá.
Las plantas nutricias de esta especie pertenecen al género Celtis
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Asterocampa celtis es una especie de lepidóptero de la familia Nymphalidae.
Asterocampa celtis
Le Papillon du micocoulier (Asterocampa celtis) est un insecte lépidoptère de la famille des Nymphalidae, de la sous-famille des Apaturinae et du genre Asterocampa.
Asterocampa celtis a été nommé par Jean-Baptiste Alphonse Dechauffour de Boisduval et John Eatton Le Conte en 1835.
Synonymes :Apatura celtis Boisduval & Le Conte, [1835]; Doxocopa celtis ; Godman & Salvin, [1901]; Chlorippe celtis ; Dyar, 1903[1].
Asterocampa celtis se nomme Hackberry Butterfly en anglais, la sous-espèce Asterocampa celtis celtis Eastern Hackberry Butterfly, la sous-espèce Asterocampa celtis antonia Empress Antonia ou Western Hackberry Butterlfy et la sous-espèce Asterocampa celtis reinthali Florida Hackberry Butterfly[1].
Le Papillon du micocoulier est un papillon de couleur fauve, aux ailes antérieures concaves et de taille moyenne avec une envergure variant de 35 à 63 mm. Les antérieures sont fauves tachées de blanc et les postérieures plus jaune avec une ligne submarginale de gros points marron.
Le revers est marbré de beige nacré avec une ligne submarginale de gros ocelles aux postérieures, dont l'un est décalé, ocelles bleutés cernés de jaune puis d'une fine ligne marron. Aux antérieures il y a que trois ocelles[2],[3]
Le chenille est verte ornée de lignes jaunes avec deux cornes jaunes sur la tête et deux courtes queues[2].
Il vole en deux générations, entre mai et octobre[4].
Il hiverne au stade de chenille dans des feuilles mortes[3].
Les plantes hôtes sont des Celtis, Celtis occidentalis, Celtis laevigata et Celtis tenuifolia[1],[2],[3].
Il est présent dans le sud du Canada dans la vallée du fleuve Saint-Laurent et le sud de l'Ontario et dans tout l'est, le centre et le sud-ouest des USA (il est absent du nord-ouest) Il est aussi présent dans le nord du Mexique[2].
Il réside en lisière des forêts, en bordure des routes, le long des berges des rivières[3].
Pas de statut de protection particulier[3].
Asterocampa celtis
Le Papillon du micocoulier (Asterocampa celtis) est un insecte lépidoptère de la famille des Nymphalidae, de la sous-famille des Apaturinae et du genre Asterocampa.
Asterocampa celtis is een vlinder uit de familie van de Nymphalidae, onderfamilie Apaturinae. De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort verwijst naar de waardplant.
De vlinder heeft een spanwijdte van 41 tot 57 millimeter. De grondkleur van de vleugel is bruin. Aan de vleugelpunt van de voorvleugel bevindt zich een zwart gebied met witte vlekken. Daaronder is een oogvlek te zien, evenals enkele op de achtervleugel. Er is behoorlijke geografische variatie in tekening.
De soort vliegt van mei tot oktober in 2 jaarlijkse generaties.
Asterocampa celtis gebruikt soorten netelboom (Celtis) als waardplant, met name Celtis laevigata. De rups is groen met gele tekening, en heeft een gevorkte "staart". De rups overwintert in groepjes tussen dood blad. Voor de overwintering wordt de rups bruin, na de winter krijgt de rups zijn groene kleur weer terug.
De soort komt met name voor in het oostelijk deel van de Verenigde Staten en het noorden van Mexico.
Onderkant van de vleugels
Rups
Asterocampa celtis is een vlinder uit de familie van de Nymphalidae, onderfamilie Apaturinae. De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort verwijst naar de waardplant.
Asterocampa celtis là một loài bướm Bắc Mỹ thuộc họ Nymphalidae.[1] Nó lấy tên của nó từ cây Celtis occidentalis và những loài khác trong chi Celtis) mà nó đẻ trứng của nó. Cây hackberry là cây chủ duy nhất cho A. celtis và là nguồn thức ăn cho ấu trùng.
Chúng thường được tìm thấy dọc theo nguồn nước và vùng đất thấp, mặc dù nó sống trong một phạm vi rộng của môi trường sống. Một đặc điểm đáng chú ý khác là hiếm khi bị phát hiện khi đến thăm một bông hoa, được coi là không bình thường đối với một con bướm. [2]
Loài trong chi Asterocampa được coi là sinh vật "lừa đảo", vì những con bướm này không thụ phấn hoa khi chúng ăn từ chúng. Loài này có thể được mô tả chính xác hơn là ký sinh trùng với vật chủ và nguồn thức ăn từ khi chúng chiết xuất chất dinh dưỡng mà không cung cấp bất kỳ lợi ích nào cho vật chủ.[3]
Asterocampa celtis là một loài bướm Bắc Mỹ thuộc họ Nymphalidae. Nó lấy tên của nó từ cây Celtis occidentalis và những loài khác trong chi Celtis) mà nó đẻ trứng của nó. Cây hackberry là cây chủ duy nhất cho A. celtis và là nguồn thức ăn cho ấu trùng.
Chúng thường được tìm thấy dọc theo nguồn nước và vùng đất thấp, mặc dù nó sống trong một phạm vi rộng của môi trường sống. Một đặc điểm đáng chú ý khác là hiếm khi bị phát hiện khi đến thăm một bông hoa, được coi là không bình thường đối với một con bướm.
Loài trong chi Asterocampa được coi là sinh vật "lừa đảo", vì những con bướm này không thụ phấn hoa khi chúng ăn từ chúng. Loài này có thể được mô tả chính xác hơn là ký sinh trùng với vật chủ và nguồn thức ăn từ khi chúng chiết xuất chất dinh dưỡng mà không cung cấp bất kỳ lợi ích nào cho vật chủ.
