Polyporus

Slo.: satjasti lukniar - Habitat: Deciduous forest, dominant Fraxinus excelsior, south oriented slope, warm place, partly protected against direct rain, in half shade, average precipitations 2.000-2.600 mm/year, average temperature 10-12 deg C, elevation 320 m (1.050 feet), Pre-Alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: Dead branch of a deciduous tree lying on a heap of dead wood. - Comment: Caps had a diameter of about 2-3 cm (about one inch). - Ref.: (1) Personal communication with Mr. Gregor Podgornik, NAC (Natural History Center), Tolmin, Slovenia EC. (2) A.Bernicchia, Polyporaceae s.l., Fungi Europaei 10, Edizioni Candusso (2005), p 455. (3) D.Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 563.

Slo.: satjasti lukniar - Syn.: Polyporus mori, Hexagonia mori - Habitat: Hardwood forest with a few scattered Picea abies, S oriented hill slope, cretaceous clastic rock (flysh) bedrock, in shade, humid and relatively warm place, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 490 m (1.600 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: still hanging dead stalk of Clematis vitalba, about 12 - 14 mm (0.5 inch) in diameter and 30 cm (one foot) above ground. - Comments: Unusual substratum - dead Clematis vitalba. None of sources checked mentions Clematis as a possible substratum; fairly aged fruitbody; growing solitary, pileus diameter 28 mm (1.2 inch) yellow-beige (oac855), pores concolorous with the cap, stipe 4 mm in diameter about 5 mm (0.2 inch) long, slightly lighter than cap, no black color on it. SP faint whitish. - Spore dimensions: 10.8 (SD = 0.7) x (SD = 3.7) micr., Q = 2.96 (SD = 0.22), n = 30. Motic B2-211A, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. Congo red. -Ref.: (1) A.Bernicchia, Polyporaceae s.l., Edizioni Candusso (2005), p 455. (2) G.J.Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Bade-Wrttembergs, Band 1, Ulmer (2000), p 602.

Slo.: etinasti luknjiar - syn.: Polyporus lepideus Fr. - Habitat: Young riparian forest, Picea abies and Salix eleagnos dominant trees, next to a river; flat terrain occasionally flooded during high water levels of the river, calcareous, young alluvial ground; in shade, humid ground and air; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 530 m (1.740 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: fallen trunk of an old Salix eleagnos mostly not in direct contact with ground, still in bark, moss covered, in the late disintegration phase.Comments: According to its species name Polyporus ciliatus should have distinctly fringed edge of the pileus. However, this was barely so with this find. Apparently this trait is not very reliable. However, very small pores, barely seen by naked eye (6 pores/mm measured) and appearance in spring clearly distinct it from very similar Polyporus brumalis.About 50 pilei found on two places. Growing solitary and in groups, occasionally two fruitbodies confluent at the base of the stipe; pilei diameter from 35 to 70 mm, pore layer thin, up to 3 mm; stipe 3 - 5 cm long, 4 - 6 mm in diameter, equal and somewhat thicker at the base; pilei surprisingly sturdy, quite hard to cut and chew; smell mild, pleasant, mushroomy; taste distinct, mushroomy, somewhat unpleasant; SP abundant, whitish-light beige, oac851.Spores smooth. Dimensions: 5,4 [6 ; 6,2] 6,8 x 1,8 [2,1 ; 2,2] 2,5 microns; Q = 2,4 [2,8 ; 2,9] 3,3; N = 30; C = 95%; Me = 6,1 x 2,1 microns; Qe = 2,9. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water, fresh material. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) L. Ryvarden, I. Melo, Poroid fungi of Europe, Synopsis Fungorum 31., Fungiflora (2014), p 357. (2) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2. Verlag Mykologia (1986), p 326. (3) A. Bernicchia, Polyporaceaes l., Fungi Europaei, Vol. 10., Edizioni Candusso (2005), p 460. (4) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 510. (5) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 1, Ulmer (2000), p 609.

Slo.: gomoljavi luknicar - Habitat: Mixed hard-woodland, nearly flat ground, cretaceous clastic rock (flysh), rain protected by trees canopies, shade, precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, altitude 450 m (1.500 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: fallen heavily rotten branch of Fraxinus excelsior, on ground. Determination not certain, based on field characters only. Ref.: A. Bernicchia, Polyporaceae s.l. in Italia, Bologna Uni. (1990), p476

Slo.: hrastov blazinec - Polyporus campestris (Quelet 1872) Krieglsteiner 1999, Syn.: Dichomitus campestris, Trametes campestris - Habitat: Steep mountain slope, south oriented, thermophilic hardwood forest, Fagus sylvatica, Ostrya carpinifolia, Corylus avellana, Pinus rubra; warm and dry place, calcareous rocky ground, partly in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 810 m (2.650 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: still standing, dead trunk of Corylus avellana, still in bark, 6.5 cm (2.5 inch) in diameter, in initial stage of disintegration. - Comments: Photography and description in dry state. Growing solitary about 1.5 m (5 feet) above ground. sporocarp dimensions: 11 x 6,5 cm (4.5 x 2.5 inch), 11 mm (7/16 inch) thick; perennial fruitbody with 5-6 pore layers 1 - 1.5 mm thick each, subiculum 1-2 mm thick; smell indistinctive; flesh very hard, very difficult to separate from the wood; (sterile) pore surface at the edges of the fruitbody black (oac908), reddish-ocher-brown (oac708), trama wood color (oac807). KOH 5% on trama distinctive, chestnut brown, on pores surface almost none. SP none. - Ref.: (1) http://www.mycobank.org/MycoTaxo.aspx?Link=T&Rec=459442 13-19 x 4-5.5 m (2) G.J.Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Bade-Wrttembergs, Band 1, Ulmer (2000), p 608. (3) R.Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 315. 9-12.5/3-5 (4) A.Bernicchia, Polyporaceae s.l., Edizioni Candusso (2005), p 201. 12-17/3,5-5.

Slo.: luskasti luknjiar - Habitat: Pebble island of river Soa, full sun, exposed to direct precipitations, average precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 350 m (1.150 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: Alive trunk of Alnus incana sill in bark, downed and transported by high water and deposited on a pebble island of river Soa. - Comments: Some fresh shoots with buds and young leaves from otherwise rootless trunk show that the trunk is still alive. Spore dimensions: 12.8 (SD=1.0) x 4.6 (SD= 0.53) micr., Q= 2.8 (SD= 0.19), n=33. Motic B2-211A, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. - Ref.: A.Bernicchia, Polyporaceae s.l., Fungi Europaei 10, Edizioni Candusso (2005), p 486. M.Bon, Pareys Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 314. R.M.Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 1056.

Slo.: raznolini luknjiar - syn.: Polyporus leptocephalus (Jacq.) Fr., Polyporus elegans - Habitat: mountain lake shore, in willow thickets, among tall herbs, flat terrain, calcareous alluvial, skeletal ground; in shade, humid place, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 2.800 mm/year, average temperature 5-7 deg C, elevation 960 m (3.150 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: fallen, dead trunk of Salix eleagnos in its initial disintegration stage.Comments: Assuming this find belongs to Polyporus Fr. (sens.lat.) large measured spores point to the group Polyporus s.str. with only two members in Europe, namely Polyoprus tuberaster and Polyporus squamosus (Ref.1). Since Polyporus tuberster grows on ground from a sclerotium the only candidate from this group remains Polyporus squamoss. However, density of pores (measured 5-6 pores/mm; typical for Polyporus squamosus 1-2/mm) apparently exclude this option. Also, pilei surface do not show even a trace of radially arranged darker squamules so typical for Polyporus squamosus. So, this option seems out. On the other hand macroscopic traits fit well to Polyporud varius. Pilei size, density of pores, pilei color (for young pilei), decurrent pores, black, short, relatively thin stipe and substratum all speak in favor of this determination. However, measured spores are way too big. I have no convincing explanation for this discrepancy. May be that the sporocarps found were too young to sporulate and that the spores measured belong to some other fungi in the vicinity of the find? SP was (if at all) very faint, practically invisible for the naked eye.Growing solitary and in a single group of four pilei fuzzed at the base; pilei diameter up to 6.5 cm; stipe short, thin compared to pilei diameter, almost entirely black; context firm, leathery, almost difficult to cut; when dry very hard; context slowly darkening to light brown when cut; pore surface also darkening to light brown when handled; smell distinct, mushroomy, pleasant; taste distinct, mushroomy, slightly unpleasant after a while; SP almost none.Spores smooth. Dimensions: 13 [13.9 ; 14.4] 15.2 x 4.9 [5.4 ; 5.7] 6.1 microns; Q = 2.3 [2.5 ; 2.6] 2.8; N = 20; C = 95%; Me = 14.1 x 5.5 microns. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water, in vivo. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) L. Ryvarden, R.L. Gilbertson, European Polypores, part 2., Synopsis Fungorum 7., Fungiflora A/S (1994), p 586. (2) R.Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 298. (3) S.Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 510. (4) G.J.Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 1., Ulmer (2000), p 510.(5) A.Bernicchia, S.P.Gorjon, Cortitiaceaes.i., Fungi Europaei Vol.12., EdizioniCandusso (2010), p 473. (6) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 1060. (7) D.Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 562. (8) L. Ryvarden, Polyporaceae of North Europe, Vol. I & II, Islo (1978). (9) S. Domanski, H. Orlos, A. Skirgiello, Grzby, Polyporaceac II, Mucronoporaceae II, Springfield, Warshaw (1967).

Slo.: rombasti luknjicar - Syn.: Boletus arcularius Batsch, Polyporellus arcularius (Batsch) Fr. (1880) - Habitat: Wood-side of a pasture land, southeast oriented slopes, partly sunny, precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 570 m (1.900 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: rotten thick branch of a deciduous tree lying on ground among grasses. - Comment: Determination not certain. Based on field characters only. - Ref.: A.Bernicchia, Polyporaceae s.l. in Italia, Instituto di Patologia Vegetale, Uni. degli Studi di Bologna (1990), pp462.

Slo.: satjasti lukniar - Habitat: Deciduous forest, dominant Fraxinus excelsior, south oriented slope, warm place, partly protected against direct rain, in half shade, average precipitations 2.000-2.600 mm/year, average temperature 10-12 deg C, elevation 320 m (1.050 feet), Pre-Alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: Dead branch of a deciduous tree lying on a heap of dead wood. - Comment: Caps had a diameter of about 2-3 cm (about one inch). - Ref.: (1) Personal communication with Mr. Gregor Podgornik, NAC (Natural History Center), Tolmin, Slovenia EC. (2) A.Bernicchia, Polyporaceae s.l., Fungi Europaei 10, Edizioni Candusso (2005), p 455. (3) D.Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 563.

Slo.: satjasti lukniar - Syn.: Polyporus mori, Hexagonia mori - Habitat: Hardwood forest with a few scattered Picea abies, S oriented hill slope, cretaceous clastic rock (flysh) bedrock, in shade, humid and relatively warm place, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 490 m (1.600 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: still hanging dead stalk of Clematis vitalba, about 12 - 14 mm (0.5 inch) in diameter and 30 cm (one foot) above ground. - Comments: Unusual substratum - dead Clematis vitalba. None of sources checked mentions Clematis as a possible substratum; fairly aged fruitbody; growing solitary, pileus diameter 28 mm (1.2 inch) yellow-beige (oac855), pores concolorous with the cap, stipe 4 mm in diameter about 5 mm (0.2 inch) long, slightly lighter than cap, no black color on it. SP faint whitish. - Spore dimensions: 10.8 (SD = 0.7) x (SD = 3.7) micr., Q = 2.96 (SD = 0.22), n = 30. Motic B2-211A, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. Congo red. -Ref.: (1) A.Bernicchia, Polyporaceae s.l., Edizioni Candusso (2005), p 455. (2) G.J.Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Bade-Wrttembergs, Band 1, Ulmer (2000), p 602.

Slo.: etinasti luknjiar - syn.: Polyporus lepideus Fr. - Habitat: Young riparian forest, Picea abies and Salix eleagnos dominant trees, next to a river; flat terrain occasionally flooded during high water levels of the river, calcareous, young alluvial ground; in shade, humid ground and air; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 530 m (1.740 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: fallen trunk of an old Salix eleagnos mostly not in direct contact with ground, still in bark, moss covered, in the late disintegration phase. Comments: According to its species name Polyporus ciliatus should have distinctly fringed edge of the pileus. However, this was barely so with this find. Apparently this trait is not very reliable. However, very small pores, barely seen by naked eye (6 pores/mm measured) and appearance in spring clearly distinct it from very similar Polyporus brumalis. About 50 pilei found on two places. Growing solitary and in groups, occasionally two fruitbodies confluent at the base of the stipe; pilei diameter from 35 to 70 mm, pore layer thin, up to 3 mm; stipe 3 - 5 cm long, 4 - 6 mm in diameter, equal and somewhat thicker at the base; pilei surprisingly sturdy, quite hard to cut and chew; smell mild, pleasant, mushroomy; taste distinct, mushroomy, somewhat unpleasant; SP abundant, whitish-light beige, oac851. Spores smooth. Dimensions: 5,4 [6 ; 6,2] 6,8 x 1,8 [2,1 ; 2,2] 2,5 microns; Q = 2,4 [2,8 ; 2,9] 3,3; N = 30; C = 95%; Me = 6,1 x 2,1 microns; Qe = 2,9. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water, fresh material. AmScope MA500 digital camera. Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF Ref.: (1) L. Ryvarden, I. Melo, Poroid fungi of Europe, Synopsis Fungorum 31., Fungiflora (2014), p 357. (2) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2. Verlag Mykologia (1986), p 326. (3) A. Bernicchia, Polyporaceaes l., Fungi Europaei, Vol. 10., Edizioni Candusso (2005), p 460. (4) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 510. (5) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 1, Ulmer (2000), p 609.

Slo.: gomoljavi luknicar - Habitat: Mixed hard-woodland, nearly flat ground, cretaceous clastic rock (flysh), rain protected by trees canopies, shade, precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, altitude 450 m (1.500 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: fallen heavily rotten branch of Fraxinus excelsior, on ground. Determination not certain, based on field characters only. Ref.: A. Bernicchia, Polyporaceae s.l. in Italia, Bologna Uni. (1990), p476

Slo.: hrastov blazinec - Polyporus campestris (Quelet 1872) Krieglsteiner 1999, Syn.: Dichomitus campestris, Trametes campestris - Habitat: Steep mountain slope, south oriented, thermophilic hardwood forest, Fagus sylvatica, Ostrya carpinifolia, Corylus avellana, Pinus rubra; warm and dry place, calcareous rocky ground, partly in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 810 m (2.650 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: still standing, dead trunk of Corylus avellana, still in bark, 6.5 cm (2.5 inch) in diameter, in initial stage of disintegration. - Comments: Photography and description in dry state. Growing solitary about 1.5 m (5 feet) above ground. sporocarp dimensions: 11 x 6,5 cm (4.5 x 2.5 inch), 11 mm (7/16 inch) thick; perennial fruitbody with 5-6 pore layers 1 - 1.5 mm thick each, subiculum 1-2 mm thick; smell indistinctive; flesh very hard, very difficult to separate from the wood; (sterile) pore surface at the edges of the fruitbody black (oac908), reddish-ocher-brown (oac708), trama wood color (oac807). KOH 5% on trama distinctive, chestnut brown, on pores surface almost none. SP none. - Ref.: (1) http://www.mycobank.org/MycoTaxo.aspx?Link=T&Rec=459442 13-19 x 4-5.5 m (2) G.J.Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Bade-Wrttembergs, Band 1, Ulmer (2000), p 608. (3) R.Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 315. 9-12.5/3-5 (4) A.Bernicchia, Polyporaceae s.l., Edizioni Candusso (2005), p 201. 12-17/3,5-5.

Slo.: zimski luknjiar - Habitat: Light mostly broadleaf wood with scattered Picea abies, south oriented, relatively warm place, modestly steep mountain slope, cretaceous clastic rock (flysh) bedrock; humid, partly sunny, exposed to direct rain; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 490 m (1.600 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: fallen deciduous tree trunk, rotten but still partly in bark; possibly Fagus sylvatica. - Comment: Winter season and habitus of this observation speak in favor of Polyporus brumalis. However, spore dimensions and pore shape correspond better to Polyporus arcularious, which is a spring mushroom according to almost all references I found. Krieglsteiner (Ref.(3)) states that transition forms between both are frequent. According to Donk they are named Polyporus brumalis f. subarcularious, Donk, Medded. Nedl. Mycol. Ver. 18-20: 133 (1933). Index Fungorum considers this name as a synonym of P.brumalis. What is the latest word about somewhat ambiguous taxonomy of these two difficult to separate species is unknown to me. Interestingly the mushrooms where completely frozen when photographed, nevertheless after a day at room temperature they sporulated abundantly. Growing in a group of about 25 fruitbodies on a single about 4 m long log. Pileus diameter from 2.5 cm (one inch) to 6 cm (2.5 inch). Flesh tough, when dry very hard. SP abundant, light gray-whitish (oac893). Cap brown-gray (oac 639), pores surface beige (oac793), stipe brown (oac743) with some white mycelium at the base. Smell indistinctive. Spore dimensions: 7.2 (SD = 0.4) x 2.6 (SD = 0.2) micr., Q = 2.77 (SD = 0.21), n = 30. Motic B2-211A, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. Kongo Red. Ref.: (1) A.Bernicchia, Polyporaceae s.l., Edizioni Candusso (2005), p 459. (2) M.Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 314. (3) G.J.Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Bade-Wrttembergs, Band 1, Ulmer (2000), p 602. (4) R.Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 297. (5) A.Bernicchia, Polyporaceae s.l., Edizioni Candusso (2005), p 457 (data of P.arcularius).

Slo.: luskasti luknjiar - Habitat: Pebble island of river Soa, full sun, exposed to direct precipitations, average precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 350 m (1.150 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: Alive trunk of Alnus incana sill in bark, downed and transported by high water and deposited on a pebble island of river Soa. - Comments: Some fresh shoots with buds and young leaves from otherwise rootless trunk show that the trunk is still alive. Spore dimensions: 12.8 (SD=1.0) x 4.6 (SD= 0.53) micr., Q= 2.8 (SD= 0.19), n=33. Motic B2-211A, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. - Ref.: A.Bernicchia, Polyporaceae s.l., Fungi Europaei 10, Edizioni Candusso (2005), p 486. M.Bon, Pareys Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 314. R.M.Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 1056.

Slo.: raznolini luknjiar - syn.: Polyporus leptocephalus (Jacq.) Fr., Polyporus elegans - Habitat: mountain lake shore, in willow thickets, among tall herbs, flat terrain, calcareous alluvial, skeletal ground; in shade, humid place, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 2.800 mm/year, average temperature 5-7 deg C, elevation 960 m (3.150 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: fallen, dead trunk of Salix eleagnos in its initial disintegration stage. Comments: Assuming this find belongs to Polyporus Fr. (sens.lat.) large measured spores point to the group Polyporus s.str. with only two members in Europe, namely Polyoprus tuberaster and Polyporus squamosus (Ref.1). Since Polyporus tuberster grows on ground from a sclerotium the only candidate from this group remains Polyporus squamoss. However, density of pores (measured 5-6 pores/mm; typical for Polyporus squamosus 1-2/mm) apparently exclude this option. Also, pilei surface do not show even a trace of radially arranged darker squamules so typical for Polyporus squamosus. So, this option seems out. On the other hand macroscopic traits fit well to Polyporud varius. Pilei size, density of pores, pilei color (for young pilei), decurrent pores, black, short, relatively thin stipe and substratum all speak in favor of this determination. However, measured spores are way too big. I have no convincing explanation for this discrepancy. May be that the sporocarps found were too young to sporulate and that the spores measured belong to some other fungi in the vicinity of the find? SP was (if at all) very faint, practically invisible for the naked eye. Growing solitary and in a single group of four pilei fuzzed at the base; pilei diameter up to 6.5 cm; stipe short, thin compared to pilei diameter, almost entirely black; context firm, leathery, almost difficult to cut; when dry very hard; context slowly darkening to light brown when cut; pore surface also darkening to light brown when handled; smell distinct, mushroomy, pleasant; taste distinct, mushroomy, slightly unpleasant after a while; SP almost none. Spores smooth. Dimensions: 13 [13.9 ; 14.4] 15.2 x 4.9 [5.4 ; 5.7] 6.1 microns; Q = 2.3 [2.5 ; 2.6] 2.8; N = 20; C = 95%; Me = 14.1 x 5.5 microns. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water, in vivo. AmScope MA500 digital camera. Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF Ref.: (1) L. Ryvarden, R.L. Gilbertson, European Polypores, part 2., Synopsis Fungorum 7., Fungiflora A/S (1994), p 586. (2) R.Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 298. (3) S.Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 510. (4) G.J.Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 1., Ulmer (2000), p 510. (5) A.Bernicchia, S.P.Gorjon, Cortitiaceaes.i., Fungi Europaei Vol.12., EdizioniCandusso (2010), p 473. (6) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 1060. (7) D.Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 562. (8) L. Ryvarden, Polyporaceae of North Europe, Vol. I & II, Islo (1978). (9) S. Domanski, H. Orlos, A. Skirgiello, Grzby, Polyporaceac II, Mucronoporaceae II, Springfield, Warshaw (1967).

Slo.: rombasti luknjicar - Habitat: Wood-side of a pasture land, southeast oriented slopes, partly sunny, precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 570 m (1.900 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: rotten thick branch of a deciduous tree lying on ground among grasses. - Comment: Determination not certain. Based on field characters only. - Ref.: A.Bernicchia, Polyporaceae s.l. in Italia, Instituto di Patologia Vegetale, Uni. degli Studi di Bologna (1990), pp462.

Slo.: satjasti lukniar - Habitat: Deciduous forest, dominant Fraxinus excelsior, south oriented slope, warm place, partly protected against direct rain, in half shade, average precipitations 2.000-2.600 mm/year, average temperature 10-12 deg C, elevation 320 m (1.050 feet), Pre-Alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: Dead branch of a deciduous tree lying on a heap of dead wood. - Comment: Caps had a diameter of about 2-3 cm (about one inch). - Ref.: (1) Personal communication with Mr. Gregor Podgornik, NAC (Natural History Center), Tolmin, Slovenia EC. (2) A.Bernicchia, Polyporaceae s.l., Fungi Europaei 10, Edizioni Candusso (2005), p 455. (3) D.Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 563.

Slo.: satjasti lukniar - Syn.: Polyporus mori, Hexagonia mori - Habitat: Hardwood forest with a few scattered Picea abies, S oriented hill slope, cretaceous clastic rock (flysh) bedrock, in shade, humid and relatively warm place, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 490 m (1.600 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: still hanging dead stalk of Clematis vitalba, about 12 - 14 mm (0.5 inch) in diameter and 30 cm (one foot) above ground. - Comments: Unusual substratum - dead Clematis vitalba. None of sources checked mentions Clematis as a possible substratum; fairly aged fruitbody; growing solitary, pileus diameter 28 mm (1.2 inch) yellow-beige (oac855), pores concolorous with the cap, stipe 4 mm in diameter about 5 mm (0.2 inch) long, slightly lighter than cap, no black color on it. SP faint whitish. - Spore dimensions: 10.8 (SD = 0.7) x (SD = 3.7) micr., Q = 2.96 (SD = 0.22), n = 30. Motic B2-211A, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. Congo red. -Ref.: (1) A.Bernicchia, Polyporaceae s.l., Edizioni Candusso (2005), p 455. (2) G.J.Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Bade-Wrttembergs, Band 1, Ulmer (2000), p 602.

Slo.: etinasti luknjiar - syn.: Polyporus lepideus Fr. - Habitat: Young riparian forest, Picea abies and Salix eleagnos dominant trees, next to a river; flat terrain occasionally flooded during high water levels of the river, calcareous, young alluvial ground; in shade, humid ground and air; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 530 m (1.740 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: fallen trunk of an old Salix eleagnos mostly not in direct contact with ground, still in bark, moss covered, in the late disintegration phase. Comments: According to its species name Polyporus ciliatus should have distinctly fringed edge of the pileus. However, this was barely so with this find. Apparently this trait is not very reliable. However, very small pores, barely seen by naked eye (6 pores/mm measured) and appearance in spring clearly distinct it from very similar Polyporus brumalis. About 50 pilei found on two places. Growing solitary and in groups, occasionally two fruitbodies confluent at the base of the stipe; pilei diameter from 35 to 70 mm, pore layer thin, up to 3 mm; stipe 3 - 5 cm long, 4 - 6 mm in diameter, equal and somewhat thicker at the base; pilei surprisingly sturdy, quite hard to cut and chew; smell mild, pleasant, mushroomy; taste distinct, mushroomy, somewhat unpleasant; SP abundant, whitish-light beige, oac851. Spores smooth. Dimensions: 5,4 [6 ; 6,2] 6,8 x 1,8 [2,1 ; 2,2] 2,5 microns; Q = 2,4 [2,8 ; 2,9] 3,3; N = 30; C = 95%; Me = 6,1 x 2,1 microns; Qe = 2,9. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water, fresh material. AmScope MA500 digital camera. Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF Ref.: (1) L. Ryvarden, I. Melo, Poroid fungi of Europe, Synopsis Fungorum 31., Fungiflora (2014), p 357. (2) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2. Verlag Mykologia (1986), p 326. (3) A. Bernicchia, Polyporaceaes l., Fungi Europaei, Vol. 10., Edizioni Candusso (2005), p 460. (4) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 510. (5) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 1, Ulmer (2000), p 609.

Slo.: gomoljavi luknicar - Habitat: Mixed hard-woodland, nearly flat ground, cretaceous clastic rock (flysh), rain protected by trees canopies, shade, precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, altitude 450 m (1.500 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: fallen heavily rotten branch of Fraxinus excelsior, on ground. Determination not certain, based on field characters only. Ref.: A. Bernicchia, Polyporaceae s.l. in Italia, Bologna Uni. (1990), p476