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Procambarus ( Alemão )

fornecido por wikipedia DE

Die Gattung Procambarus aus der Überfamilie der Flusskrebse (Astacoidea) ist in Nord- und Mittelamerika beheimatet und umfasst u. a. den parthenogenetischen Marmorkrebs und den Blauen Floridakrebs (P. alleni). Die meisten Arten der Gattung sind im südlichen Nordamerika zu finden.

Mit über 140 Arten ist Procambarus die zahlenreichste Gattung der Flusskrebse.

Merkmale

Alle Arten, die zu dieser Gattung gezählt werden, zeichnen sich durch eine ähnliche Gliederung des Körpers in Kopf-Brust-Bereich (Vorderkörper) und gegliedertem Hinterleib aus. Beides wird von einem dicken Panzer (Carapax) bedeckt. Am Vorderkörper sitzen fünf Beinpaare, wobei das vorderste Beinpaar zu großen Scheren umgebildet worden ist. Die restlichen dienen als Laufbeine, an denen außerdem Kiemen hängen, mit denen der Flusskrebs atmet.

Die Gliedmaßen des 1. Hinterleibringes des Männchens sind zu einem Gonopodium umgebildet. Das Weibchen trägt die Eier und später die frisch geschlüpften Jungtiere an der Unterseite des Hinterleibs. Typisch für die Gattung sind kleine dornenförmige Haken am Basiselement der Schreitbeine der Männchen zum Festhalten der Weibchen während der Kopulation (Ischiumhaken), der Spermienspeicher (Annulus ventralis) der Weibchen und dazu passend die Spermienfurche der Männchen.

Krebspest

Inzwischen sind viele Arten der Gattung Procambarus als Neozoon weltweit verbreitet. Alle Arten sind mögliche Überträger der Krebspest, einer durch Wasserschimmelpilze wie Aphanomyces astaci hervorgerufenen Krankheit, die alle europäischen Flusskrebsarten befällt und in ihrem Bestand gefährdet.

Untergattungen

  • Procambarus (Acucauda) Hobbs, 1972
  • Procambarus (Austrocambarus) Hobbs, 1972
  • Procambarus (Capillicambarus) Hobbs, 1972
  • Procambarus (Girardiella) Lyle, 1938
  • Procambarus (Hagenides) Hobbs, 1972
  • Procambarus (Leconticambarus) Hobbs, 1972
  • Procambarus (Lonnbergius) Hobbs, 1972
  • Procambarus (Mexicambarus) Hobbs, 1972
  • Procambarus (Ortmannicus) Fowler, 1912
  • Procambarus (Paracambarus) Ortmann, 1906
  • Procambarus (Pennides) Hobbs, 1972
  • Procambarus (Procambarus) Ortmann, 1905
  • Procambarus (Remoticambarus) Hobbs, 1972
  • Procambarus (Scapulicambarus) Hobbs, 1972
  • Procambarus (Tenuicambarus) Hobbs, 1972
  • Procambarus (Villalobosus) Hobbs, 1972
  • incertae sedis

Weitere Arten

Literatur

  • Arnold Edward Ortmann: Procambarus, a new subgenus of the genus Cambarus. Annals of the Carnegie Museum, III, 3, 1905 (Erstbeschreibung)

Weblinks

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Procambarus: Brief Summary ( Alemão )

fornecido por wikipedia DE

Die Gattung Procambarus aus der Überfamilie der Flusskrebse (Astacoidea) ist in Nord- und Mittelamerika beheimatet und umfasst u. a. den parthenogenetischen Marmorkrebs und den Blauen Floridakrebs (P. alleni). Die meisten Arten der Gattung sind im südlichen Nordamerika zu finden.

Mit über 140 Arten ist Procambarus die zahlenreichste Gattung der Flusskrebse.

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wikipedia DE

Procambarus ( Inglês )

fornecido por wikipedia EN

Procambarus is a genus of crayfish in the family Cambaridae, all native to North and Central America. It includes a number of troglobitic species, and the marbled crayfish (marmorkrebs), which is parthenogenetic. Originally described as a subgenus for four species, it now contains around 161 species.

Biogeography

The well-known and widespread Procambarus clarkii
The bright blue aquarium strain of Procambarus alleni

The majority of the diversity is found in the southeastern United States, but the genus extends as far south as Guatemala and Honduras, and on the Caribbean island of Cuba.[2][3] After United States, the highest diversity is in Mexico with about 45 species. Only two are native to Guatemala (P. pilosimanus and P. williamsoni), one to Belize (P. pilosimanus), one to Honduras (P. williamsoni) and three to Cuba (P. atkinsoni, P. cubensis and P. niveus).[3]

Subgenus Ortmannicus was the most widespread, with the range of Procambarus acutus extending as far north as the Great Lakes and New England, as well as south into northeastern Mexico; the subgenus Girardella also extended from the Great Lakes to Mexico, but was distributed further west than Ortmannicus.[4] Scapulicambarus and Pennides were widespread in the southeastern United States, further west (Texas and Louisiana) than Leconticambarus which was centered on Florida and neighbouring states. The subgenus Austrocambarus had the most southerly distribution, being found in Cuba and parts of Central America from Mexico to Belize, Guatemala and Honduras. The other subgenera are more restricted in their distributions, including three endemic to central Mexico, and six endemic to small areas in the United States.[2][3][4]

A few species of Procambarus have been introduced to regions outside their native range, both in North America and other continents. They are frequently categorized as invasive species, representing a threat to natives, including rarer crayfish species.[3][5][6]

Description

Larva

Procambarus can be distinguished from other genera of crayfish by the form of the first pleopod in males, which typically has three or more processes at the tip, compared to two or fewer in Faxonius and Cambarus.[7]

Ecology

Procambarus vazquezae is found only in Laguna Catemaco in Mexico

Most Procambarus species live in various above-ground waters such as rivers, streams, lakes, ponds and swamps, but several are troglobitic, living in caves, particularly in karstic areas. In the United States, these include both species in subgenus Lonnbergius (P. acherontis and P. morrisi).[8] Other cave-dwellers in the United States with various levels of troglomorphic adaptions are P. attiguus, P. erythrops, P. franzi, P. leitheuseri, P. lucifugus, P. milleri and P. orcinus, but these are all members of subgenera that also include species from above-ground waters. In Cuba, P. niveus is a cave-dweller. In Mexico, many species have been recorded in caves, but most of these have also been recorded from above-ground waters; only P. cavernicola, P. oaxacae, P. rodriguezi and P. xilitlae are strict cave-dwellers and troglomorphic.[9] In 2007, troglomorphic specimens of P. clarkii were found in caves in Portugal and Italy.[10]

Taxonomy

The marbled crayfish (marmorkrebs) is parthenogenetic

Procambarus was originally described by Arnold Edward Ortmann in 1905 as a subgenus of a wider genus Cambarus, and originally contained only four species (P. williamsoni, P. digueti, P. mexicanus and P. cubensis).[11] The subgenus was elevated in 1942 to the taxonomic rank of genus by Horton H. Hobbs, Jr., who later erected most of the subgenera fornerly recognised within the genus, in his 1972 monograph The subgenera of the crayfish genus Procambarus (Decapoda: Astacidae).[4] However, more recently the subgenera have been eliminated, and while it is recognized that Procambarus in not monophyletic, later literature does not make further taxonomic changes suggesting that more species sampling is required.[12]

Species

References

  1. ^ "Procambarus Ortmann, 1905". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved June 14, 2011.
  2. ^ a b Horton H. Hobbs, Jr. (1984). "On the distribution of the crayfish genus Procambarus (Decapoda: Cambaridae)". Journal of Crustacean Biology. 4 (1): 12–24. doi:10.2307/1547892. JSTOR 1547892.
  3. ^ a b c d Alvarez. F.; J.L. Villalobos (2015). "The Crayfish of Middle America". In T. Kawai; Z. Faulkes; G. Scholtz (eds.). Freshwater Crayfish: A Global Overview. CRC Press. pp. 448–463. ISBN 9781466586390.
  4. ^ a b c Horton H. Hobbs, Jr. (1972). "The subgenera of the crayfish genus Procambarus (Decapoda: Astacidae)" (PDF). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology. 117: 1–22.
  5. ^ D. M. Holdich; J. D. Reynolds; C. Souty-Grosset; P. J. Sibley (2009). "A review of the ever increasing threat to European crayfish from non-indigenous crayfish species". Knowledge and Management of Aquatic Ecosystems. 394–395 (394–395): 11. doi:10.1051/kmae/2009025.
  6. ^ J. P. G. Jones; J. R. Rasamy; A. Harvey; A. Toon; B. Oidtmann; M. H. Randrianarison; N. Raminosoa; O. R. Ravoahangimalala (2009). "The perfect invader: A parthenogenic crayfish poses a new threat to Madagascar's freshwater biodiversity". Biological Invasions. 11 (1): 1475–1482. doi:10.1007/s10530-008-9334-y. S2CID 19583878.
  7. ^ Richard Fox (June 27, 2006). "Procambarus". Invertebrate Anatomy OnLine. Lander University. Archived from the original on January 17, 2012. Retrieved March 28, 2010.
  8. ^ James W. Fetzner, Jr. (January 11, 2006). "Troglobitic crayfishes". Global Crayfish Resources. Carnegie Museum of Natural History. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved June 14, 2011.
  9. ^ Mejía-Ortíz, L.M.; R.G. Hartnoll; J.A. Viccon-Pale (2003). "A New Stygobitic Crayfish from Mexico, Procambarus Cavernicola (Decapoda: Cambaridae), with a Review of Cave-Dwelling Crayfishes in Mexico". Journal of Crustacean Biology. 23 (2): 391–401. doi:10.1163/20021975-99990349.
  10. ^ Mazza, Giuseppe; Sofia, Ana; Reboleira, P.S.; Goncalves, Fernando; Aquiloni, Laura; Inghilesi, Alberto; Spigoli, Daniele; Stoch, Fabio; Taiti, Stefano; Gherardi, Francesca; Tricarico, Elena (2014). "A New Threat to Groundwater Ecosystems: First Occurrences of the Invasive Crayfish Procambarus clarkii (Girard, 1852) in European Caves". Journal of Cave and Karst Studies. 86 (1): 62–65. doi:10.4311/2013LSC0115.
  11. ^ Arnold Edward Ortmann (1905). "Procambarus, a new subgenus of the genus Cambarus". Annals of Carnegie Museum. 3 (3).
  12. ^ Crandall, Keith A.; De Grave, Sammy (8 August 2017). "An updated classification of the freshwater crayfishes (Decapoda: Astacidea) of the world, with a complete species list". Journal of Crustacean Biology. 37 (5): 615–653. doi:10.1093/jcbiol/rux070. Retrieved 17 November 2022.
  13. ^ Álvarez, Torres & Villalobos (2021). "Procambarus adani • A New Species of Crayfish of the Genus Procambarus, and Notes on Procambarus pilosimanus (Decapoda: Cambaridae) from Chiapas, Mexico". Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad. doi:10.22201/ib.20078706e.2021.92.3833.
  14. ^ Lyko, Frank (2017). "The marbled crayfish (Decapoda: Cambaridae) represents an independent new species". Zootaxa. 4363 (4): 544–552. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4363.4.6. PMID 29245391.

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Procambarus: Brief Summary ( Inglês )

fornecido por wikipedia EN

Procambarus is a genus of crayfish in the family Cambaridae, all native to North and Central America. It includes a number of troglobitic species, and the marbled crayfish (marmorkrebs), which is parthenogenetic. Originally described as a subgenus for four species, it now contains around 161 species.

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Wikipedia authors and editors
original
visite a fonte
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wikipedia EN

Procambarus ( Francês )

fornecido por wikipedia FR

Procambarus est un genre d'écrevisses de la famille des Cambaridae, toutes natives de l'Amérique du Nord jusqu'à l'Amérique Centrale. Il inclut un certain nombre d'espèces cavernicoles et des formes parthénogénétiques. Décrit à l'origine comme un sous-genre de quatre espèces, il renferme à ce jour 160 espèces réparties en 16 sous-genres.

Liste des sous-genres

Voir aussi

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wikipedia FR

Procambarus: Brief Summary ( Francês )

fornecido por wikipedia FR

Procambarus est un genre d'écrevisses de la famille des Cambaridae, toutes natives de l'Amérique du Nord jusqu'à l'Amérique Centrale. Il inclut un certain nombre d'espèces cavernicoles et des formes parthénogénétiques. Décrit à l'origine comme un sous-genre de quatre espèces, il renferme à ce jour 160 espèces réparties en 16 sous-genres.

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Auteurs et éditeurs de Wikipedia
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wikipedia FR

Procambarus ( Neerlandês; Flamengo )

fornecido por wikipedia NL

Procambarus is een geslacht van tienpotigen uit de familie van de Cambaridae.

Soorten

Het geslacht omvat zo'n 160 soorten, waarvan meerdere met de naam Amerikaanse rivierkreeft worden aangeduid.

Verspreiding

De meeste soorten komen voor in het zuidoosten van de Verenigde Staten, maar sommige soorten komen ook in andere delen van de VS voor alsmede in Mexico, Cuba en Centraal-Amerika. Een aantal soorten komt als exoot voor op andere continenten.

Enkele soorten worden voor de consumptie geteeld.

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Procambarus: Brief Summary ( Neerlandês; Flamengo )

fornecido por wikipedia NL

Procambarus is een geslacht van tienpotigen uit de familie van de Cambaridae.

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Procambarus ( Norueguês )

fornecido por wikipedia NO

Procambarus er en slekt av ferskvannskreps (familie Cambaridae, underorden eggbærereker) som inngår i den store gruppen av såkalte tifotkreps. Gruppen omfatter nordlige ferskvannskreps, og det som på engelsk kalles «crayfish». Den inneholder 12 underslekter og det er (2013) minst 160 arter i denne slekten.

Utbredelsen er nordlig med forekomster i elver og innsjøer i Nord-Amerika og Mellom-Amerika.

Taksonomisk plassering

Taksonomien til storkreps er komplisert og under stadig revisjon. Det er generelt omstridt å fin-inndele organismer taksonomisk. En moderne oppdatering av systematikken gis her med basis i WoRMS-databasens systematikk fra 2017.[1].

Treliste

Kilder

Referanser

  1. ^ Cambaridae - WoRMS. Besøkt 9. juli 2017.

Eksterne lenker

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wikipedia NO

Procambarus: Brief Summary ( Norueguês )

fornecido por wikipedia NO

Procambarus er en slekt av ferskvannskreps (familie Cambaridae, underorden eggbærereker) som inngår i den store gruppen av såkalte tifotkreps. Gruppen omfatter nordlige ferskvannskreps, og det som på engelsk kalles «crayfish». Den inneholder 12 underslekter og det er (2013) minst 160 arter i denne slekten.

Utbredelsen er nordlig med forekomster i elver og innsjøer i Nord-Amerika og Mellom-Amerika.

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wikipedia NO

Procambarus ( Polonês )

fornecido por wikipedia POL
Commons Multimedia w Wikimedia Commons

Procambarusrodzaj raków z rodziny Cambaridae obejmujący około 160 gatunków, występujących w Ameryce Północnej i Środkowej.

Klasyfikacja

Podrodzaje[1]:

Znaczenie gospodarcze

Niektóre gatunki np.Scapulicambarus clarkii mają znaczenie gospodarcze[2].

Przypisy

  1. a b Procambarus, w: Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ang.).
  2. Procambarus clarkii – rak luizjański – Terrarium, „Terrarium”, 21 stycznia 2018 [dostęp 2018-05-10] (pol.).
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Procambarus: Brief Summary ( Polonês )

fornecido por wikipedia POL

Procambarus – rodzaj raków z rodziny Cambaridae obejmujący około 160 gatunków, występujących w Ameryce Północnej i Środkowej.

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Procambarus ( Português )

fornecido por wikipedia PT

Procambarus é um género de crustáceo da família Cambaridae.

Este género contém as seguintes espécies:

Referências

 title=
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Procambarus: Brief Summary ( Português )

fornecido por wikipedia PT

Procambarus é um género de crustáceo da família Cambaridae.

Este género contém as seguintes espécies:

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Procambarus ( Sueco )

fornecido por wikipedia SV

Procambarus är ett släkte sötvattenlevande kräftor i familjen Cambaridae. Släktet är uppdelat i sexton undersläkten (se Taxobox till höger), som alla förekommer i Nord- och Centralamerika. Merparten av arterna lever i sydöstra USA, men utbredningsområdet sträcker sig därifrån söderut till Belize och Guatemala, och österut till Kuba.[2] Med sina cirka 160 arter[1] är släktet ett av de allra talrikaste bland kräftorna.

Arter (i urval)

Källor

  1. ^ [a b] ITIS – Standard Report Page: Procambarus
  2. ^ Horton H. Hobbs, Jr. (1984). ”On the distribution of the crayfish genus Procambarus (Decapoda: Cambaridae)”. Journal of Crustacean Biology 4 (1): sid. 12–24. doi:10.2307/1547892.
Crayfish (PSF) cleaned.png Denna kräftdjursrelaterade artikel saknar väsentlig information. Du kan hjälpa till genom att tillföra sådan.
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Procambarus: Brief Summary ( Sueco )

fornecido por wikipedia SV

Procambarus är ett släkte sötvattenlevande kräftor i familjen Cambaridae. Släktet är uppdelat i sexton undersläkten (se Taxobox till höger), som alla förekommer i Nord- och Centralamerika. Merparten av arterna lever i sydöstra USA, men utbredningsområdet sträcker sig därifrån söderut till Belize och Guatemala, och österut till Kuba. Med sina cirka 160 arter är släktet ett av de allra talrikaste bland kräftorna.

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wikipedia SV