dcsimg

Lifespan, longevity, and ageing

fornecido por AnAge articles
Maximum longevity: 31.1 years (captivity) Observations: A hybrid between a silvered and a Southern Java langur lived 31.2 years in captivity (Richard Weigl 2005).
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Benefits ( Inglês )

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There are no studies that document decreased health of people or agricultural plants because of Trachypithecus auratus.

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Cannon, W. and A. Vos 2009. "Trachypithecus auratus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Trachypithecus_auratus.html
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William Cannon, James Madison University
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Abby Vos, James Madison University
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Suzanne Baker, James Madison University
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Tanya Dewey, Animal Diversity Web
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Sem título ( Inglês )

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Trachypithecus auratus has also been recognized by the following synonyms: Trachypithecus kohlbruggei (Sody, 1931), Trachypithecus maurus (Horsfield, 1823), Trachypithecus pyrrhus (Horsfield, 1823), Trachypithecus sondaicus (Robinson & Kloss, 1919), and Trachypithecus stresemanni Pocock, 1934.

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Cannon, W. and A. Vos 2009. "Trachypithecus auratus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Trachypithecus_auratus.html
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William Cannon, James Madison University
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Abby Vos, James Madison University
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Suzanne Baker, James Madison University
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Tanya Dewey, Animal Diversity Web
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Behavior ( Inglês )

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Javan langurs communicate acoustically. They use alarm calls that sound like "ghek-ghok-ghek-ghok." They also communicate through visual cues and touch. Infants are brightly colored and females will look after and protect infants of other females. It has been hypothesized that females behave in this manner because the bright orange color of the infants signals that they need to be cared for. Allogrooming is an important way to cement social bonds. Aggression is communicated with physical interactions, vocalizations, and visual cues, all of which establish social rank. Research on chemical communication by Trachypithecus auratus has been lacking.

Communication Channels: visual ; tactile ; acoustic

Perception Channels: visual ; tactile ; acoustic ; chemical

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Cannon, W. and A. Vos 2009. "Trachypithecus auratus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Trachypithecus_auratus.html
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William Cannon, James Madison University
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Abby Vos, James Madison University
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Suzanne Baker, James Madison University
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Tanya Dewey, Animal Diversity Web
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Conservation Status ( Inglês )

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Javan langurs are listed as vulnerable on the IUCN Red List. Populations are decreasing due to human activities, such as habitat loss resulting from agricultural expansion, hunting, and the illegal pet trade. Laws protecting Trachypithecus auratus in Indonesia were passed in 1999. Javan langurs are found in 3 Indonesian national parks: Gunung Halimun, Pangandaran, and Ujung Kulon.

US Federal List: no special status

CITES: no special status

State of Michigan List: no special status

IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: vulnerable

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Cannon, W. and A. Vos 2009. "Trachypithecus auratus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Trachypithecus_auratus.html
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William Cannon, James Madison University
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Abby Vos, James Madison University
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Suzanne Baker, James Madison University
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Tanya Dewey, Animal Diversity Web
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Benefits ( Inglês )

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Javan langurs are important members of native ecosystems and may form the basis of ecotourism activities. Javan langurs are sometimes hunted for food or captured for trade, but these are illegal activities.

Positive Impacts: pet trade ; food

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Cannon, W. and A. Vos 2009. "Trachypithecus auratus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Trachypithecus_auratus.html
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William Cannon, James Madison University
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Abby Vos, James Madison University
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Suzanne Baker, James Madison University
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Tanya Dewey, Animal Diversity Web
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Associations ( Inglês )

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Javan langurs impact forest vegetation through their diet, they eat leaves and may help to disperse seeds through their frugivory. No studies have been conducted on the parasites that infect Trachypithecus auratus.

Ecosystem Impact: disperses seeds

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Cannon, W. and A. Vos 2009. "Trachypithecus auratus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Trachypithecus_auratus.html
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William Cannon, James Madison University
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Abby Vos, James Madison University
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Suzanne Baker, James Madison University
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Tanya Dewey, Animal Diversity Web
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Trophic Strategy ( Inglês )

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Javan langurs eat mostly leaves and flowers. Their enlarged salivary glands and sacculated stomachs are well adapted for this plant diet. They also eat fruit, ripe and unripe, and insect larvae. The diet consists of 15 to 27% unripe fruit and 10 to 12% ripe fruit. They may eat fruits mainly to get at the seeds. Javan langurs prefer leaves rich in protein content and low in fiber. Different groups will feed at the same food source without significant aggression. Adult males do not proportionally feed as often as other group members, females and the young.

Animal Foods: insects

Plant Foods: leaves; seeds, grains, and nuts; fruit; flowers

Primary Diet: herbivore (Folivore , Frugivore )

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Cannon, W. and A. Vos 2009. "Trachypithecus auratus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Trachypithecus_auratus.html
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William Cannon, James Madison University
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Abby Vos, James Madison University
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Suzanne Baker, James Madison University
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Tanya Dewey, Animal Diversity Web
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Distribution ( Inglês )

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Trachypithecus auratus, commonly known as the Javan langur, is isolated to Java, Bali, and the Indonesian island of Lombok. They can be found in both the inland forests of western Indonesia as well as the southern coastline.

Biogeographic Regions: oriental (Native )

Other Geographic Terms: island endemic

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Cannon, W. and A. Vos 2009. "Trachypithecus auratus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Trachypithecus_auratus.html
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William Cannon, James Madison University
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Abby Vos, James Madison University
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Suzanne Baker, James Madison University
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Tanya Dewey, Animal Diversity Web
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Habitat ( Inglês )

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Trachypithecus auratus inhabits both the interior and edges of rainforests, and has been observed in both primary and secondary forests in the Dieng Mountains of central Java. Trachypithecus auratus has been observed in a variety of forest types: mangrove, beach, freshwater swamp, lowland and hill forest, deciduous forest, and mountain forest up to 3500 meters.

Range elevation: 0 to 3500 m.

Habitat Regions: tropical ; terrestrial

Terrestrial Biomes: forest ; rainforest ; mountains

Aquatic Biomes: coastal

Wetlands: swamp

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Cannon, W. and A. Vos 2009. "Trachypithecus auratus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Trachypithecus_auratus.html
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William Cannon, James Madison University
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Abby Vos, James Madison University
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Suzanne Baker, James Madison University
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Tanya Dewey, Animal Diversity Web
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Life Expectancy ( Inglês )

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The lifespan of Trachypithecus auratus is approximately 20 years, like many other species of Old World monkeys.

Average lifespan
Status: wild:
20 years.

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Cannon, W. and A. Vos 2009. "Trachypithecus auratus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Trachypithecus_auratus.html
autor
William Cannon, James Madison University
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Abby Vos, James Madison University
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Suzanne Baker, James Madison University
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Tanya Dewey, Animal Diversity Web
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Morphology ( Inglês )

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Two subspecies of Javan langurs are described: western Javan langur (or western Javan ebony langur (Trachypithecus auratus mauritius) and eastern Javan langurs (or spangled ebony langurs, Trachypithecus auratus auratus). However, several genetic studies dispute the validity of T. auratus subspecies. Both subspecies have glossy black coats with brown on the legs and belly. Sometimes, individual T. auratus auratus have orange coats. Orange color morphs are found in a restricted portion of the distribution of eastern Javan langurs. Javan langur infants are born with orange coats and the coats get darker as they age. Female coloration is slightly different, they have yellow pubic patches. Javan langur mass is approximately 7 kg. Head and body length is from 44 to 65 cm and tail length is 61 to 87 cm. They move quadrupedally and have enlarged salivary glands and a dental formula of 2:1:2:3. Javan langurs also have sacculated stomachs that assist in breaking down plant materials.

Average mass: 7 kg.

Range length: 44 to 65 cm.

Other Physical Features: endothermic ; homoiothermic; bilateral symmetry

Sexual Dimorphism: sexes colored or patterned differently

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Cannon, W. and A. Vos 2009. "Trachypithecus auratus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Trachypithecus_auratus.html
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William Cannon, James Madison University
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Abby Vos, James Madison University
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Suzanne Baker, James Madison University
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Tanya Dewey, Animal Diversity Web
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Associations ( Inglês )

fornecido por Animal Diversity Web

The only known predators of Javan langurs are humans. Humans illegally hunt them for food and the pet trade. Anti-predator adaptations of T. auratus include a shrill alarm call when a human is sighted. Likely natural predators include the now extinct, Javan tiger (Panthera tigris sondaica) and Javan leopards (Panthera pardus melas).

Known Predators:

  • humans (Homo sapiens)
  • Javan leopards (Panthera pardus melas)
  • Javan tiger (Panthera tigris sondaica)
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Cannon, W. and A. Vos 2009. "Trachypithecus auratus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Trachypithecus_auratus.html
autor
William Cannon, James Madison University
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Abby Vos, James Madison University
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Suzanne Baker, James Madison University
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Tanya Dewey, Animal Diversity Web
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Animal Diversity Web

Reproduction ( Inglês )

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Javan langurs have 1 to 2 males in each group, which has a large effect on the group's mating behavior. There is virtually no within-group competition among males, ensuring that they are successful in mating. Males in the group father all offspring. Females in social groups cooperate to care for all young in the group.

Mating System: polygynous ; cooperative breeder

Female Javan langurs typically begin to breed around 3 to 4 years of age, and give birth once a year, one offspring at a time. Breeding and births can occur throughout the year. The infants develop quickly and are often independent within their first year of life. Mothers in the group all care for each others' young, otherwise known as "allomothering." Other aspects of reproduction are not reported in the literature.

Breeding interval: Javan Langurs breed once yearly.

Breeding season: Javan langurs breed throughout the year.

Average number of offspring: 1.

Average time to independence: 12 months.

Range age at sexual or reproductive maturity (female): 3 to 4 years.

Key Reproductive Features: iteroparous ; year-round breeding ; gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual ; viviparous

Females are the primary caregivers for the infants and are known to care for infants from other females within the group. The vibrant color of young Javan langurs may make it easier for mothers to keep track of their offspring, and to ensure that they are protected and cared for.

Parental Investment: precocial ; female parental care ; pre-independence (Provisioning: Female)

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Cannon, W. and A. Vos 2009. "Trachypithecus auratus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Trachypithecus_auratus.html
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William Cannon, James Madison University
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Abby Vos, James Madison University
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Suzanne Baker, James Madison University
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Tanya Dewey, Animal Diversity Web
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Animal Diversity Web

Biology ( Inglês )

fornecido por Arkive
The Javan langur is a diurnal and arboreal primate (5). It feeds mainly on leaves, fruit, flowers, flower buds, and insect larvae and, like other members of the Colobinae subfamily, has evolved a specialised stomach to digest plant material more efficiently (3). This species also has enlarged salivary glands to assist it in breaking down food (5). This langur lives in social groups of around seven individuals, with one or two adult males in the group (5). Adult females are aggressive towards females from other groups, and have been observed looking after the offspring of other mothers, as well as their own. It is thought that juveniles are brightly coloured because this alerts females to their presence and ensures that they will always be noticed and protected (3) (5). Mating occurs throughout the year and females produce one offspring at a time (5).
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Conservation ( Inglês )

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The species is currently found in 3 protected areas – Gunung Halimun NP, Pangandaran NR and Ujung Kulon NP (2). In addition to protecting the remaining forest habitat, it is essential that more is done to stop hunting and the bush meat trade in this part of the world (7). Without human intervention and protection, the endangered Javan langur will face extinction in the future (3).
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Description ( Inglês )

fornecido por Arkive
The name 'langur' means 'long tail' in Hindi (4), and this species' tail is indeed noticeably long, measuring up to 87 cm in length while the body is only around 55 cm long (2) (3). There are two subspecies of the Javan langur: the eastern Javan or spangled ebony langur (Trachypithecus auratus auratus) has two distinct colourations: the more common one being glossy black in colour with a slight brownish tinge on the sides of the body, 'sideburns', and legs (5). The skin of the face, palms and soles is also black. The rarer form of this subspecies is a deep orange colour with yellow tinges on the side of the body, limbs and hair around the ears, and black tinges on the back (5). The second subspecies, the western Javan or West Javan ebony langur (Trachypithecus auratus mauritius) is glossy black with a very slight brownish tinge on the sides of the body, sideburns and legs (5). Female Javan langurs can be distinguished from males by the pale, yellowish white patch around the pubic area. Juveniles are even more distinctive as they are orange in colour (6).
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Habitat ( Inglês )

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Inhabits the interior and peripheral areas of rainforests (5).
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Range ( Inglês )

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This species is found on the island of Java and the smaller islands of Bali and Lombok, Indonesia, though the subspecies are geographically separated (5). The subspecies Trachypithecus auratus auratus is found between Blitar, Ijen, Pugeran, eastern Java and Gunung Ujungtebu, while the subspecies Trachypithecus auratus mauritius has a restricted distribution from west Java to Jakarta, as well as inland in Bogor, Cisalak, Jasinga and Ujung Kulon, then along the south coast to Cikaso or Ciwangi (5).
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Status ( Inglês )

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Classified as Endangered (EN B1+2ab) on the IUCN Red List 2004 (1). Two subspecies are recognised: Trachypithecus auratus auratus is classified as Endangered (EN A1c, B1+2cd), and Trachypithecus auratus mauritius as Endangered (EN B1+2ab) on the IUCN Red List 2004 (1).
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Threats ( Inglês )

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This primate is threatened by the destruction of its habitat for timber and cultivation (1). In Indonesia there have been cases of local people deliberately setting fire to forest to clear it for agriculture, which has had devastating consequences for this arboreal monkey (3). Hunting is also a major threat in Indonesia, and the increased availability of firearms has made the problem worse (3).
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Langur daurat ( Catalão; Valenciano )

fornecido por wikipedia CA
 src= Per a altres significats, vegeu «Langur daurat de Gee».

El langur daurat (Trachypithecus auratus) és una espècie de primat de la família dels cercopitècids. Es troba a l'illa de Java i algunes illes properes més petites que formen part d'Indonèsia. El seu hàbitat natural són les selves pluvials, on pot viure tant a l'interior com a la perifèria. Està amenaçat per la caça i la pèrdua d'hàbitat.[1]

Referències

 src= A Wikimedia Commons hi ha contingut multimèdia relatiu a: Langur daurat Modifica l'enllaç a Wikidata
  1. Nijman, V.; Supriatna, J. Trachypithecus auratus. UICN 2008. Llista Vermella d'espècies amenaçades de la UICN, edició 2008, consultada el 4 gener 2009.


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Langur daurat: Brief Summary ( Catalão; Valenciano )

fornecido por wikipedia CA

El langur daurat (Trachypithecus auratus) és una espècie de primat de la família dels cercopitècids. Es troba a l'illa de Java i algunes illes properes més petites que formen part d'Indonèsia. El seu hàbitat natural són les selves pluvials, on pot viure tant a l'interior com a la perifèria. Està amenaçat per la caça i la pèrdua d'hàbitat.

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Hulman jávský ( Checo )

fornecido por wikipedia CZ

Hulman jávský, nazývaný také budeng (Trachypithecus auratus), je kočkodanovitý (Cercopithecidae) primát náležící do rodu Trachypithecus. Druh popsal Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire v roce 1812 a rozlišovány jsou dva poddruhy: Trachypithecus auratus mauritius a Trachypithecus auratus auratus,[2] na základě některých studií někdy zpochybňovány.[3]

Výskyt

Hulman jávský je zvířetem orientální oblasti,[4] endemit Indonésie. Vyskytuje se pouze na ostrově Jáva a několika okolních ostrovech. Na základě subspecií se rozšířil takto:[5]

  • T. a. auratus; východ ostrova a dále ostrovy Bali, Lombok (patrně introdukován, neboť ostrov leží na východní straně Wallaceovy linie[3]), Palau Sempu a Nusa Barung,
  • T. a. mauritius; západ až střed Jávy a část jižního pobřeží a některé další oblasti.

Jednotlivé populace však žijí dosti roztříštěně.[3]

Hulman jávský preferuje k životu lesy až do nadmořské výšky 3 500 metrů, žije v jejich různých typech včetně druhotných, nížinných, horských, mangrovů a dalších. Obývá i některé plantáže.[3][4]

Popis

Hulman jávský měří mezi 44 až 65 centimetry. Ocas je delší než tělo (samotný název langur, používaný pro opici v angličtině, znamená v překladu dlouhý ocas), měří 61 až 87 cm. Hmotnost tohoto druhu je odhadována na 7 kilogramů. Vyvinul se pohlavní dimorfismus, samice mají bíle zbarvenou pubickou oblast, kdežto samci ne. Zbarvení je jinak po celém těle černé, na obličeji a chodidlech světlejší. Vyvinout se mohou hnědé znaky. Mláďata mají barvu rezavou, tato barva na ně pravděpodobně upozorňuje samice, díky čemuž jsou stále chráněna samicemi v tlupě. Zajímavostí je, že mezi oblastmi Blitar, Ijen a Pugeran žijí hulmani, kterým rezavá barva přetrvá až do dospělosti.[3][5][6][4]

Chování

Hulmani jávští žijí ve skupinách o asi 7 členech s jedním až dvěma samci, zbytek tvoří samice. Existovat však mohou i tlupy i několikrát větší, převážně v oblastech s delším obdobím sucha, vždy však s maximálně dvěma samečky. Protože více samců v tlupě není (mladí samci se rozptýlí), neprobíhají zde souboje o samice. Hulmani se ozývají voláním znějícím jako ghek-ghok-ghek-ghok, o chemické komunikaci nebyly zjištěny dostatečné informace. Aktivní jsou ve dne a žijí na stromech. Hlavní část potravy tvoří listí, především čerstvé, ale nepohrdnou ani jinou potravou, jako je ovoce či květy, někdy se mohou živit i insektivorně (hmyzožravě). Tuto potravu jim umožňuje výkonněji trávit speciálně upravený žaludek a slinné žlázy. Během dělení se o zdroje potravy neprobíhají mezi opicemi bitky. Rozmnožování může nastat celoročně, samice má jednoho potomka za rok; za tu dobu se také mladí hulmani stanou na matce nezávislými. O mláďata pečují všechny samice v tlupě. Za tři až čtyři roky je dosaženo pohlavní dospělosti (samice).[4][6]

Délka života je asi dvacet let. Predátorem je levhart jávský (Panthera pardus melas), tygr jávský (Panthera tigris sondaica), další možný predátor, na ostrově vyhynul ve dvacátém století.[4]

Ohrožení

Populace hulmana jávského je klesající, během třech generací o 30 %. Za tato čísla mohou především lidské aktivity. Opice jsou z roztříštených stanovišť vytlačovány kvůli lidskému osídlení či zisku zemědělské půdy, jsou také pronásledovány pro obchod se zvířaty či maso. Dle Mezinárodního svazu ochrany přírody jde o zranitelný taxon. Je chráněn dle Úmluvy o mezinárodním obchodu s ohroženými druhy volně žijících živočichů a rostlin (příloha II, obchodování je tedy na mezinárodní úrovni omezeno a podřízeno dozoru) a zákonů Indonésie.

Tento druh obývá tři chráněné oblasti, z toho dva národní parky, chován je i v zajetí. Přesto je pro jeho záchranu nutná další ochrana stanoviště a zamezení pytláctví.[5][6]

Odkazy

Reference

  1. Červený seznam IUCN 2018.1. 5. července 2018. Dostupné online. [cit. 2018-08-11]
  2. hulman jávský. www.biolib.cz [online]. [cit. 2018-01-28]. Dostupné online. (česky)
  3. a b c d e Javan Lutung - Trachypithecus auratus. www.ecologyasia.com [online]. [cit. 2018-01-28]. Dostupné online.
  4. a b c d e Trachypithecus auratus (Javan langur). Animal Diversity Web [online]. [cit. 2018-01-28]. Dostupné online. (anglicky)
  5. a b c Trachypithecus auratus (Ebony Leaf Monkey, Javan Langur, Javan Lutung). www.iucnredlist.org [online]. [cit. 2018-01-28]. Dostupné online.
  6. a b c Javan langur videos, photos and facts - Trachypithecus auratus. Arkive [online]. [cit. 2018-01-28]. Dostupné online. (anglicky)

Externí odkazy

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wikipedia CZ

Hulman jávský: Brief Summary ( Checo )

fornecido por wikipedia CZ

Hulman jávský, nazývaný také budeng (Trachypithecus auratus), je kočkodanovitý (Cercopithecidae) primát náležící do rodu Trachypithecus. Druh popsal Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire v roce 1812 a rozlišovány jsou dva poddruhy: Trachypithecus auratus mauritius a Trachypithecus auratus auratus, na základě některých studií někdy zpochybňovány.

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Schwarzer Haubenlangur ( Alemão )

fornecido por wikipedia DE
 src=
Neben schwarzgefärbten Tieren gibt es auch eine orangefarbene Morphe

Der Schwarze Haubenlangur (Trachypithecus auratus) ist eine in Indonesien verbreitete Primatenart aus der Gruppe der Schlankaffen.

Merkmale

 src=
Schädel (Sammlung Museum Wiesbaden)

Schwarze Haubenlanguren sind schlanke Primaten mit einem langen Schwanz. Ihre Kopfrumpflänge beträgt 45 bis 65 Zentimeter, der Schwanz wird bis zu 90 Zentimeter lang. Das Gewicht variiert zwischen 5 und 9 (durchschnittlich 7) Kilogramm. Man unterscheidet zwei farblich unterschiedene Varianten (Farbpolymorphismus): die häufigere hat ein schwarzes Fell mit hellen Haarspitzen an den Gliedmaßen und am Kopf. Die seltenere Farbvariante ist orangebraun gefärbt, wobei die Gliedmaßen und der Bauch gelblich sein können. Die Haut ist bei der dunklen Morphe schwarz und bei der orangefarbenen unpigmentiert oder getupfelt. Das Gesicht ist durch einen Kranz nach vorne gerichteter Haare umrandet.

Verbreitung und Lebensraum

 src=
Verbreitungsgebiet des Schwarzen Haubenlanguren

Der Schwarze Haubenlangur lebt auf der indonesischen Insel Java sowie auf den kleineren Inseln Bali, Lombok und Nusa Barung. Lebensraum dieser Art sind Wälder.

Lebensweise

Diese Primaten sind tagaktive Baumbewohner. Sie sind geschickte Kletterer, die sich vorwiegend vierbeinig durch das Geäst fortbewegen. Sie leben in Gruppen von 6 bis 21 Tieren. Diese Gruppen bestehen aus einem oder zwei Männchen, mehreren Weibchen und dem dazugehörigen Nachwuchs. Die übrigen Männchen leben einzelgängerisch oder in Junggesellengruppen.

Nahrung

Schwarze Haubenlanguren sind vorwiegend Pflanzenfresser. Sie nehmen Blätter (beispielsweise des Teakbaumes), Früchte, Blüten und Knospen zu sich, in geringem Ausmaß auch Insektenlarven. Erd- und Sandbrocken, die ebenfalls verschluckt werden, dienen dem mechanischen Aufschließen der Nahrung und der Salze- und Mineralstoffaufnahme. Wie alle Schlankaffen haben sie einen mehrkammerigen Magen zur besseren Aufschlüsselung der schwer verdaulichen Pflanzennahrung. Auch große Speicheldrüsen dienen diesem Zweck.

Fortpflanzung

 src=
Weibchen mit Jungtier (orangefarbene Morphe)

Die Fortpflanzung kann das ganze Jahr über erfolgen. Nach einer rund 170-tägigen Tragzeit bringt das Weibchen meist ein einzelnes Jungtier zur Welt. Diese wiegt bei der Geburt rund 300 bis 400 Gramm und hat wie bei allen Haubenlanguren zunächst ein orangegelbes Fell. Nicht nur die Mutter kümmert sich um den Nachwuchs, sondern auch die anderen Weibchen. Sie reichen das Junge herum, spielen mit ihm und tragen es. Nach 12 bis 15 Monaten wird es entwöhnt und erreicht die Geschlechtsreife mit drei bis vier Jahren. Männchen müssen beim Eintreten der Geschlechtsreife ihre Geburtsgruppe verlassen, Weibchen verbleiben hingegen meist zeitlebens darin. Die Lebenserwartung beträgt rund 20 Jahre in freier Wildbahn und 30 Jahre in menschlicher Obhut.

Gefährdung

Schwarze Haubenlanguren sind in ihrem Bestand bedroht. Ihre Heimatinsel Java ist sehr dicht von Menschen besiedelt, ihr Verbreitungsgebiet ist verkleinert und zerstückelt. Die Hauptbedrohung stellt die Lebensraumzerstörung dar, die Art ist in der Roten Liste der IUCN als stark gefährdet (endangered) gelistet.[1]

Systematik

Es wurden zwei Unterarten unterschieden: T. a. auritus in der Mitte und im Osten von Java und T. a. mauritius im Westen der Insel (bei dieser Unterart gibt es keine orangefarbenen Morphen). Letztere wurde inzwischen zu einer eigenständigen Art (siehe Westlicher Haubenlangur (Trachypithecus mauritius)).

Literatur

  • Thomas Geissmann: Vergleichende Primatologie. Springer-Verlag, Berlin u. a. 2003, ISBN 3-540-43645-6.
  • Ronald M. Nowak: Walker’s Mammals of the World. 6th edition. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore MD 1999, ISBN 0-8018-5789-9.
  • Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Hrsg.): Mammal Species of the World. A taxonomic and geographic Reference. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore MD 2005, ISBN 0-8018-8221-4.

Einzelnachweise

  1. Nijman, V. 2021. Trachypithecus auratus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T39848A17988500. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T39848A17988500.en. 6. November 2021.
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wikipedia DE

Schwarzer Haubenlangur: Brief Summary ( Alemão )

fornecido por wikipedia DE
 src= Neben schwarzgefärbten Tieren gibt es auch eine orangefarbene Morphe

Der Schwarze Haubenlangur (Trachypithecus auratus) ist eine in Indonesien verbreitete Primatenart aus der Gruppe der Schlankaffen.

licença
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Autoren und Herausgeber von Wikipedia
original
visite a fonte
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wikipedia DE

East Javan langur ( Inglês )

fornecido por wikipedia EN

The East Javan langur (Trachypithecus auratus), also known as the ebony lutung, Javan langur or Javan lutung, is an Old World monkey from the Colobinae subfamily. It is most commonly glossy black with a brownish tinge to its legs, sides, and "sideburns".[3] It is found on the island of Java, as well as on several of the surrounding Indonesian islands. The Latin word auratus in its scientific name means "golden", and refers to a less common color variant. Note that the common name golden langur is used for a different species.

Like all langurs, this species' tail is noticeably long, measuring up to 98 cm in length while the body is only around 55 cm long.[4] The two subspecies of this lutung are fairly similar in appearance and are geographically separated; males and females are both usually glossy black, although the females pale, yellowish white patch around the pubic area. Juveniles of both subspecies are orange in color.[5] The nominate subspecies Trachypithecus auratus auratus has a rare morph that does not lose its juvenile coloration when it matures, instead the coloration darkens slightly, with yellow tinges on its sides, limbs, and around its ears, and a black tinge on its back.[3]

The East Javan langur inhabits the interior and peripheral areas of rainforests.[3]

This primate is diurnal and arboreal.[3] Its diet is primarily herbivorous, eating leaves, fruit, flowers, and flower buds, although it also eats insect larvae. As with other colobines, it has evolved a specialised stomach to digest plant material more efficiently.[4] This species also has enlarged salivary glands to assist it in breaking down food.[3]

Like other langurs, the East Javan langur is a social animal, living in groups of around seven individuals, with one or two adult males in the group.[3] Although they will look after offspring of other mothers as well as their own, adult females are aggressive towards females from other groups. The brighter coloring of juveniles may alert females to their presence and ensures that they will always be noticed and protected.[3][4] This species has no discernible mating season and females produce one offspring at a time.[3]

Subspecies

Formerly there were two subspecies of Trachypithecus auratus recognized:

  • Eastern Javan langur or spangled ebony lutung, Trachypithecus auratus auratus
  • Western Javan langur, Trachypithecus auratus mauritius

Roos et al., 2008, elevated T. a. mauritius to a separate species as Trachypithecus mauritius.[6]

Gallery

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Trachypithecus auratus.
  1. ^ Roos, C., Boonratana, R., Supriatna, J., Fellowes, J.R., Groves, C.P., Nash, S.D., Rylands, A.B. and Mittermeier, R.A. (2014). "An updated taxonomy and conservation status review of Asian primates" (PDF). Asian Primates Journal. 4 (1): 2–38. Retrieved 2018-08-30.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  2. ^ Nijman, V. (2021). "Trachypithecus auratus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T39848A17988500. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T39848A17988500.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h "Primate Fact Sheets". 2003-10-15. Archived from the original on 2008-02-08. Retrieved 2021-05-05.
  4. ^ a b c Macdonald, D. (2001). The New Encyclopedia of Mammals. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  5. ^ Rowe, N. (1996). The Pictorial Guide to the living Primates. East Hampton, New York: Pogonias Press.
  6. ^ Roos, C.; et al. (2008). "Mitochondrial phylogeny, taxonomy and biogeography of the silvered langur species group (Trachypithecus cristatus)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 47 (2): 629–636. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2008.03.006. PMID 18406631.
licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Wikipedia authors and editors
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia EN

East Javan langur: Brief Summary ( Inglês )

fornecido por wikipedia EN

The East Javan langur (Trachypithecus auratus), also known as the ebony lutung, Javan langur or Javan lutung, is an Old World monkey from the Colobinae subfamily. It is most commonly glossy black with a brownish tinge to its legs, sides, and "sideburns". It is found on the island of Java, as well as on several of the surrounding Indonesian islands. The Latin word auratus in its scientific name means "golden", and refers to a less common color variant. Note that the common name golden langur is used for a different species.

Like all langurs, this species' tail is noticeably long, measuring up to 98 cm in length while the body is only around 55 cm long. The two subspecies of this lutung are fairly similar in appearance and are geographically separated; males and females are both usually glossy black, although the females pale, yellowish white patch around the pubic area. Juveniles of both subspecies are orange in color. The nominate subspecies Trachypithecus auratus auratus has a rare morph that does not lose its juvenile coloration when it matures, instead the coloration darkens slightly, with yellow tinges on its sides, limbs, and around its ears, and a black tinge on its back.

The East Javan langur inhabits the interior and peripheral areas of rainforests.

This primate is diurnal and arboreal. Its diet is primarily herbivorous, eating leaves, fruit, flowers, and flower buds, although it also eats insect larvae. As with other colobines, it has evolved a specialised stomach to digest plant material more efficiently. This species also has enlarged salivary glands to assist it in breaking down food.

Like other langurs, the East Javan langur is a social animal, living in groups of around seven individuals, with one or two adult males in the group. Although they will look after offspring of other mothers as well as their own, adult females are aggressive towards females from other groups. The brighter coloring of juveniles may alert females to their presence and ensures that they will always be noticed and protected. This species has no discernible mating season and females produce one offspring at a time.

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Wikipedia authors and editors
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia EN

Trachypithecus auratus ( Espanhol; Castelhano )

fornecido por wikipedia ES

El lutung o langur de Java, (Trachypithecus auratus) es una especie de primate catarrino de la familia Cercopithecidae que habita en la isla de Java y algunas islas vecinas.[2]

Subespecies y distribución

La especie se distribuye en las islas indonesias de Java, Bali, Lombok, Pulau Sempu y Nusa Barung; siendo probable que la población de Lombok hubiese sido introducida por los humanos.[3]

  • T. auratus auratus (langur de Java oriental), se encuentra al oriente de Java, Bali, Lombok, Pulau Sempu y Nusa Barung.
  • T. auratus mauritius (langur de Java occidental), restringida al occidente de Java.

En 1995, la actual especie Trachypithecus ebenus se clasificó temporalmente como subespecie de T. auratus,[4]​ pero fue elevada posteriormente al rango de especie en 2001.

En 2008, Roos et al, confirieron a T. a. mauritius el rango de especie, con el nombre binomial Trachypithecus mauritius.[5]

Características

 src=
Madre e hijo de la población clara de la subespecie T. auratus auratus.

Las dos subespecies tienen un pelaje negro lustroso de color gris en las extremidades, flancos y vientre. Algunos ejemplares de la subespecie T. a. auratus poseen pelaje anaranjado. Las crías nacen con pelaje de colo naranja, el cual tiende ha hacerse más obscuro con la edad.[6]​ Las hembras difieren por el hecho de poseer un parche amarillo en la región púbica.[7][8]​ Dentro de la subespecie Trachypithecus auratus auratus existe una pequeña población cuyos individuos no pierden su coloración juvenil al llegar a la edad adulta; en lugar de ello, el pelaje solo se obscurece ligeramente, guardando matices amarillos en los flancos, los miembros, alrededor de los oídos, y un tinte negro en la espalda.[8]

El promedio de peso corporal es de 7 kg, la talla promedio es de 55 cm, y como todos los langures la cola es muy larga alcanzando hasta 98 cm de longitud.[9]

El lutung de Java habita dentro y en los alrededores de la selva tropical.[8]​ Es un primate diurno y arbóreo.[8]​ Su dieta es principalmente herbívora, consistente en hojas, frutos, flores y brotes; en menor proporción también se alimentan de larvas. Como otros colobinos, poseen estómagos especializados para digerir plantas de modo eficiente.[9]​ También poseen glándulas salivares grandes que les ayudan a digerir los alimentos.[8]

Es un animal social que convive en grupos de al menos siete individuos, con uno o dos machos adultos dentro del mismo.[8]​ Las hembras, a pesar de ocuparse de sus propias crías y las de las otras hembras del grupo, son agresivas en presencia de hembras de otros grupos.[8]​ La especie no posee una temporada de apareamiento discernible y las hembras paren un solo vástago por vez.[8]

Conservación

La UICN considera al langur de Java una especie vulnerable, a causa del declive de su población a raíz de la captura dentro del tráfico ilegal de mascotas, la caza y la pérdida de hábitat.[1]

Referencias

  1. a b Nijman, V. & Supriatna, J. (2008). «Trachypithecus auratus». Lista Roja de especies amenazadas de la UICN 2012.1 (en inglés). ISSN 2307-8235. Consultado el 16 de julio de 2012.
  2. Groves, Colin (2005). Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M., eds. Mammal Species of the World (3ª edición). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 175. ISBN 0-8018-8221-4.
  3. Groves, C.P. (2001). Primate Taxonomy. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institute Press.
  4. Bradon-Jones, D (1995). «A revision of the Asian pied leaf monkeys (Mammalia: Cercopithecidae: Superspecies Semnopithecus auratus), with the description of a new subspecies». Raffles Bull. Zool 43: 3-43.
  5. Roos, C. et al. (2008). «Mitochondrial phylogeny, taxonomy and biogeography of the silvered langur species group (Trachypithecus cristatus. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 47 (2): 629-636. PMID 18406631. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2008.03.006.
  6. Rowe, N. (1996). The Pictorial Guide to the living Primates. East Hampton, New York: Pogonias Press.
  7. Myers, P., R. Espinosa, C. S. Parr, T. Jones, G. S. Hammond, and T. A. Dewey (2008). «Trachypithecus auratus» (en inglés). ADW - University of Michigan Museum of Zoology. Consultado el 17 de julio de 2012.
  8. a b c d e f g h «Primate Fact Sheets». 15 de octubre de 2003. Consultado el 17 de julio de 2012.
  9. a b Macdonald, D. (2001). The New Encyclopedia of Mammals. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

 title=
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Trachypithecus auratus: Brief Summary ( Espanhol; Castelhano )

fornecido por wikipedia ES

El lutung o langur de Java, (Trachypithecus auratus) es una especie de primate catarrino de la familia Cercopithecidae que habita en la isla de Java y algunas islas vecinas.​

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Trachypithecus auratus ( Basco )

fornecido por wikipedia EU

Trachypithecus auratus Trachypithecus Asiako Colobinae primateetako espezie bat da. Normalki beltz distiratsuak dira, zonalde marroi batekin euren hanketan eta alboetan[1]. Javako uhartean eta bere inguruan dauden Indonesiako uharte txikietan baino ez dira bizi. Latinezko izenak auratus hitza darama, hau da, urre kolorekoa eta hain ohikoa ez den barietate bati egiten dio erreferentzia.

Galeria

Erreferentziak

  1. Javan Langur (Trachypithecus auratus) . Noiz kontsultatua: 2017-05-01.

Kanpo estekak

(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
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original
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wikipedia EU

Trachypithecus auratus: Brief Summary ( Basco )

fornecido por wikipedia EU

Trachypithecus auratus Trachypithecus Asiako Colobinae primateetako espezie bat da. Normalki beltz distiratsuak dira, zonalde marroi batekin euren hanketan eta alboetan. Javako uhartean eta bere inguruan dauden Indonesiako uharte txikietan baino ez dira bizi. Latinezko izenak auratus hitza darama, hau da, urre kolorekoa eta hain ohikoa ez den barietate bati egiten dio erreferentzia.

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Langur de Java ( Francês )

fornecido por wikipedia FR

Trachypithecus auratus

Le Langur de Java ou Semnopithèque noir (Trachypithecus auratus) est une espèce de singe de la famille des Cercopithecidae, originaire de l'île de Java ainsi que de plusieurs îles environnantes en Indonésie.

Morphologie

Il est le plus souvent d'un noir brillant avec une teinte brunâtre des pattes, des flancs et des "favoris". Les femelles sont plus pâles, avec une tache blanche jaunâtre autour de la zone pubienne. Les jeunes des deux sous-espèces sont de couleur orange[1].

Comme tous les langurs, cette espèce dispose d'une queue assez longue, mesurant jusqu'à 87 cm alors que le corps ne présente qu'une longueur de l'ordre de 55 cm[2]. Les deux sous-espèces du semnopithèque sont assez semblables en apparence mais sont géographiquement séparées. La sous-espèce nominale Trachypithecus auratus auratus est une sous-espèce rare qui ne perd pas sa coloration juvénile à l'âge adulte, mais la coloration s'assombrit légèrement, avec des reflets jaunes sur les côtés, les membres et près des oreilles et une teinte noire sur le dos[3]. Cependant, les noms communs entelle dorée ou langur doré sont utilisés pour une espèce différente (Trachypithecus geei).

Comportement

Alimentation

Il est essentiellement herbivore, se nourrissant de feuilles, de fruits, de fleurs et de boutons de fleurs, mais il mange aussi des larves d'insectes. Comme les autres Colobinés, il a un estomac apte à digérer le matériel végétal de façon plus efficace. Cette espèce a également augmenté la taille de ses glandes salivaires pour l'aider à digérer les aliments.

Mode de vie

C'est un animal diurne et arboricole. Animal social, il vit en groupes d'environ sept individus, avec un ou deux mâles adultes dans le groupe[3]. Même si elles s'occupent de la progéniture des autres mères de leur propre groupe, les femelles adultes sont agressives envers les femelles d'autres groupes. La couleur plus lumineuse des juvéniles sert à alerter les femelles de leur présence et leur garantit qu'ils seront toujours remarqués et protégés[3],[2].

Reproduction

Cette espèce n'a pas de saison d'accouplement discernable et les femelles s'accouplent toute l'année. Elles ne donnent naissance qu'à un petit à la fois[3].

Répartition et habitat

Carte de l'Asie du sud est avec une tache verte centrée sur Java
Répartition (en vert) du langur de Java en Asie du Sud Est

Il vit en Indonésie et habite les régions intérieures et périphériques des forêts tropicales humides[3].

Liste des sous-espèces

Selon Mammal Species of the World (version 3, 2005) (28 mars 2011)[4] et NCBI (28 mars 2011)[5]:

  • sous-espèce Trachypithecus auratus auratus - Langur de Java oriental
  • sous-espèce Trachypithecus auratus mauritius - Langur de Java occidental

Galerie

Notes et références

  1. Rowe, N. (1996). The Pictorial Guide to the living Primates. East Hampton, New York: Pogonias Press.
  2. a et b Macdonald, D. (2001). The New Encyclopedia of Mammals. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  3. a b c d et e Javan Langur (Trachypithecus auratus)
  4. Mammal Species of the World (version 3, 2005), consulté le 28 mars 2011
  5. NCBI, consulté le 28 mars 2011

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wikipedia FR

Langur de Java: Brief Summary ( Francês )

fornecido por wikipedia FR

Trachypithecus auratus

Le Langur de Java ou Semnopithèque noir (Trachypithecus auratus) est une espèce de singe de la famille des Cercopithecidae, originaire de l'île de Java ainsi que de plusieurs îles environnantes en Indonésie.

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Auteurs et éditeurs de Wikipedia
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Lutung budeng ( Indonésio )

fornecido por wikipedia ID

Lutung budeng (Trachypithecus auratus) adalah sejenis lutung yang rambutnya berwarna hitam legam. Monyet anggota suku Cercopithecidae ini menyebar terbatas (endemik) di Indonesia bagian barat.

Pengenalan

 src=
Individu dengan warna terang

Lutung berukuran sedang, dengan panjang kepala dan tubuh antara 46-75 cm. Lutung budeng memiliki rambut tubuh berwarna hitam. Dan seperti jenis lutung lainnya, lutung ini memiliki ekor yang panjang, antara 61-82 cm.[2]

Jantan dan betina dewasa umumnya berwarna hitam, dengan betina memiliki warna putih kekuningan di sekitar kelaminnya. Anak lutung memiliki rambut tubuh berwarna jingga keemasan. Subspesies nominal, T. a. auratus yang menyebar di Jawa bagian timur, kadang-kadang memiliki individu dewasa yang berwarna jingga seperti bayi lutung, namun sedikit lebih gelap dengan ujung rambut kuning[3].

Kebiasaan

Lutung budeng adalah hewan diurnal, yakni aktif pada waktu siang hari di atas pepohonan. Makanan pokoknya terdiri dari tumbuh-tumbuhan. Memakan dedaunan, buah-buahan dan bunga. Spesies ini juga memakan larva serangga.

Lutung budeng hidup berkelompok, yang dalam satu kelompoknya terdiri dari sekitar tujuh ekor lutung, termasuk satu atau dua ekor lutung jantan dewasa. Lutung betina biasanya hanya mempunyai satu anak setiap kali melahirkan dan saling bantu membesarkan anak-anak lutung. Namun lutung betina juga bersifat sangat agresif terhadap lutung betina dari kelompok lain.

Hewan ini diketahui menghuni pelbagai tipe hutan, mulai dari hutan mangrove, hutan pantai, hutan rawa air-tawar, hutan hujan dataran rendah, hutan gugur daun tropika, serta hutan pegunungan hingga ketinggian sekitar 3.000-3.500 m dpl[4]. Juga ditemukan di hutan-hutan tanaman jati, rasamala, dan akasia[4]. Di wilayah Pegunungan Dieng, lutung budeng didapati baik di hutan primer maupun sekunder, di bagian tepi maupun di pedalaman hutan[5]

Agihan, anak jenis dan konservasi

Lutung budeng tersebar di hutan-hutan Pulau Jawa, Bali dan Lombok. Sejauh ini diakui dua subspesies dari lutung budeng, yang dibedakan dari daerah sebarannya:

  • Lutung budeng timur, Trachypithecus auratus auratus. Menyebar di Jawa Barat bagian timur hingga ke Jawa Timur, Pulau Sempu dan Nusa Barung, Bali, serta Lombok.
  • Lutung budeng barat, Trachypithecus auratus mauritius. Menyebar di wilayah Banten dan setengah Jawa Barat bagian barat: Ujung Kulon, Jasinga, Bogor, Cisalak, Jakarta, Palabuhanratu, ke timur di pesisir selatan hingga Cikaso, atau Ciwangi di pedalaman[6].

Oleh Roos dkk. (2008), ras barat dianggap sebagai spesies yang tersendiri, Trachypithecus mauritius.[7]

Spesies ini terancam kelestariannya oleh kehilangan serta degradasi habitatnya, yang terdesak oleh perluasan lahan-lahan pertanian dan permukiman manusia; fragmentasi habitat; serta perburuan untuk dimakan atau diperdagangkan sebagai hewan timangan. Oleh sebab itu, IUCN memasukkannya ke dalam Daftar Merah IUCN dalam status Rentan (VU, Vulnerable).[8]

Lutung budeng dilindungi oleh undang-undang Republik Indonesia sejak 1999. Perdagangannya diawasi oleh CITES dan termasuk ke dalam Apendiks 2. Lutung ini juga tercatat keberadaannya di dalam kawasan-kawasan konservasi seperti: Taman Nasional Ujung Kulon, Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun Salak, Taman Nasional Gunung Gede Pangrango, Cagar Alam Pananjung Pangandaran, Taman Nasional Meru Betiri, Taman Nasional Baluran, serta Taman Nasional Bali Barat.

Referensi

  1. ^ Geoffroy, É. 1812. "Tableau des Quadrumanes, ou des Animaux composant le premier Ordre de la Classe des Mammifères". Annales du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle. Tome XIX: 93. Paris :G. Dufour et cie.
  2. ^ Corbet, G.B. & J.E. Hill. 1992. The Mammals of Indomalayan Region: a systematic review: 174. Oxford: Nat. Hist. Mus. Publ. & Oxford Univ. Press.
  3. ^ Payne, J., C.M. Francis, K. Phillipps, S.N. Kartikasari. 2000. Panduan Lapangan Mamalia di Kalimantan, Sabah, Sarawak & Brunei Darussalam: 359. Bogor: WCS-IP, The Sabah Society & WWF Malaysia.
  4. ^ a b Nijman, V. 2000. "Geographic distribution of ebony leaf monkey Trachypithecus auratus (E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1812) (Mammalia: primates: Cercopithecidae)." Contributions to Zoology 69(3).
  5. ^ Nijman, V. & S. van Balen. 1998. "A faunal survey of the Dieng Mountains, central Java, Indonesia: distribution and conservation of endemic primate taxa." Oryx 32(2): 145–56.
  6. ^ Brandon-Jones, D. 1995. "A revision of the Asian pied leaf monkeys (Mammalia: Cercopithecidae: superspecies Semnopithecus auratus), with a description of a new subspecies." Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 43: 3-43.
  7. ^ Roos, C.; et al. (2008). "Mitochondrial phylogeny, taxonomy and biogeography of the silvered langur species group (Trachypithecus cristatus)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 47 (2): 629–636. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2008.03.006. PMID 18406631.Pemeliharaan CS1: Penggunaan et al. yang eksplisit (link)
  8. ^ Nijman, V. & J. Supriatna. 2008. Trachypithecus auratus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.3. . Downloaded on 31 March 2015.

Galeri

Individu berwarna terang di beberapa kebun binatang:

Pranala luar

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Lutung budeng: Brief Summary ( Indonésio )

fornecido por wikipedia ID

Lutung budeng (Trachypithecus auratus) adalah sejenis lutung yang rambutnya berwarna hitam legam. Monyet anggota suku Cercopithecidae ini menyebar terbatas (endemik) di Indonesia bagian barat.

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Trachypithecus auratus ( Italiano )

fornecido por wikipedia IT

Il presbite di Giava (Trachypithecus auratus É. Geoffroy, 1812) noto anche come presbite color ebano o budeng, è una scimmia del Vecchio Mondo appartenente alla sottofamiglia dei Colobini[1]. Vive solamente sull'isola di Giava e su alcune isole indonesiane circostanti. Va ricordato che con il nome comune presbite dorato viene indicata una specie diversa (Trachypithecus geei).

Descrizione

Generalmente è di colore nero lucido, con le zampe, i fianchi e le «basette» brunastri[2]. Il termine latino auratus che compare nel suo nome scientifico significa «dorato», e si riferisce ad alcuni rari esemplari dalla colorazione insolita.
Come in tutti i presbiti, la coda di questa specie è molto lunga: può raggiungere gli 87 cm di lunghezza, mentre il corpo è di soli 55 cm[3]. Le due sottospecie di questo presbite sono abbastanza simili nell'aspetto, ma sono separate geograficamente; sia i maschi che le femmine sono di colore nero lucido, nonostante queste ultime abbiano una chiazza di pelo bianco giallastro sulla regione pubica. I piccoli di entrambe le sottospecie sono di colore arancio[4]. La sottospecie nominale, Trachypithecus auratus auratus, include inoltre una rara razza che da adulta non perde la colorazione giovanile: il suo mantello si fa più scuro molto lentamente ed ha i fianchi, gli arti e la zona intorno alle orecchie di colore giallo, anche se il dorso è nero[2].

Habitat

Il presbite di Giava vive nelle aree interne e periferiche delle foreste pluviali[2].

Alimentazione

Questo primate è un animale diurno e arboricolo[2]. La sua dieta è prevalentemente erbivora, dal momento che si nutre di foglie, frutta, fiori e boccioli, nonostante mangi anche larve d'insetti. Come altri Colobini, ha evoluto uno stomaco specializzato in grado di digerire più efficacemente la materia vegetale[3]. Ha inoltre ghiandole salivari più grandi che gli permettono di sminuzzare meglio il cibo[2].

Comportamento

Come altri presbiti, anche quello di Giava è un animale sociale; vive in gruppi di circa sette esemplari, guidati da uno o due maschi adulti[2]. Sebbene si prendano cura dei figli delle altre come del proprio piccolo, le femmine adulte sono molto aggressive nei confronti di quelle di altri gruppi. La colorazione brillante dei piccoli potrebbe avvertire le femmine della loro presenza e garantire loro di essere individuati e protetti[2][3]. In questa specie non vi è una stagione degli amori ben definita e le femmine danno alla luce un solo piccolo per volta[2].

Sottospecie

Se ne riconoscono due sottospecie:

  • Presbite color ebano splendente o presbite di Giava orientale, Trachypithecus auratus auratus
  • Presbite di Giava occidentale, Trachypithecus auratus mauritius

Conservazione

La lista rossa dell'IUCN classifica questa specie come vulnerabile[5].

Galleria d'immagini

Note

  1. ^ (EN) Colin Groves, Trachypithecus auratus, in D.E. Wilson e D.M. Reeder (a cura di), Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3ª ed., Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005, ISBN 0-8018-8221-4.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h Primate Fact Sheets, su members.tripod.com, 15 ottobre 2003. URL consultato il gennaio 2004.
  3. ^ a b c D. Macdonald, The New Encyclopedia of Mammals, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2001.
  4. ^ N. Rowe, The Pictorial Guide to the living Primates, East Hampton, New York, Pogonias Press, 1996.
  5. ^ (EN) Nijman, V. & Supriatna, J. 2008, Trachypithecus auratus, su IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Versione 2020.2, IUCN, 2020.

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Trachypithecus auratus: Brief Summary ( Italiano )

fornecido por wikipedia IT

Il presbite di Giava (Trachypithecus auratus É. Geoffroy, 1812) noto anche come presbite color ebano o budeng, è una scimmia del Vecchio Mondo appartenente alla sottofamiglia dei Colobini. Vive solamente sull'isola di Giava e su alcune isole indonesiane circostanti. Va ricordato che con il nome comune presbite dorato viene indicata una specie diversa (Trachypithecus geei).

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Autori e redattori di Wikipedia
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wikipedia IT

Javaanse langoer ( Neerlandês; Flamengo )

fornecido por wikipedia NL

De Javaanse langoer (Trachypithecus auratus) is een bedreigde apensoort. Hij behoort tot de onderfamilie van de slankapen. Deze aap leeft vooral in Indonesië: in Bali, Java, Lombok en Zuid-Sumatra.

De lengte is 43 - 65 cm en de staart is 61 - 87 cm. Zijn gewicht is 5 - 8 kg. Volwassen apen kunnen zowel zwart als oranje bruin gekleurd zijn. Jongen worden met de oranje bruine kleur geboren en verkleuren binnen een periode van 7 maanden naar hun echte kleur. Langoeren die later zwart van kleur zullen worden, hebben vaak een donkere staart punt.

Leefwijze

De aap is diurnaal, dat wilzeggen dat ze een dag en nacht ritme hebben en leven voornamelijk in de bomen. De Javaanse langoer eet voornamelijk bladeren, vruchten, bloemen en bloemknoppen, maar eet toch ook insectenlarven. Net zoals andere slankapen is de maag voor een betere vertering aangepast aan het dieet van plantendelen. Het heeft ook vergrote speekselklieren voor het verteren van het voedsel.

De Javaanse langoer is net zoals de andere langoeren een sociaal dier, dat in groepen van ongeveer zeven dieren leeft, inclusief 1 tot 2 volwassen mannetjes. De vrouwtjes passen niet alleen op hun eigen jongen, maar ook op die van de andere vrouwtjes in de groep. De vrouwtjes zijn agressief naar de vrouwtjes van andere groepen. De vrouwtjes werpen één jong per keer. Er is geen speciale paartijd.

Wikispecies Wikispecies heeft een pagina over Trachypithecus auratus.
Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
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Javaanse langoer: Brief Summary ( Neerlandês; Flamengo )

fornecido por wikipedia NL

De Javaanse langoer (Trachypithecus auratus) is een bedreigde apensoort. Hij behoort tot de onderfamilie van de slankapen. Deze aap leeft vooral in Indonesië: in Bali, Java, Lombok en Zuid-Sumatra.

De lengte is 43 - 65 cm en de staart is 61 - 87 cm. Zijn gewicht is 5 - 8 kg. Volwassen apen kunnen zowel zwart als oranje bruin gekleurd zijn. Jongen worden met de oranje bruine kleur geboren en verkleuren binnen een periode van 7 maanden naar hun echte kleur. Langoeren die later zwart van kleur zullen worden, hebben vaak een donkere staart punt.

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wikipedia NL

Lutung jawajski ( Polonês )

fornecido por wikipedia POL
Trachypithecus auratus[1] Lutungi jawajskie w zoo w Hanowerze
Lutungi jawajskie w zoo w Hanowerze Głowa lutunga jawajskiego
Głowa lutunga jawajskiego Systematyka Domena eukarionty Królestwo zwierzęta Typ strunowce Podtyp kręgowce Gromada ssaki Podgromada żyworodne Infragromada łożyskowce Rząd naczelne Podrząd wyższe naczelne Nadrodzina koczkodanowce Rodzina koczkodanowate Podrodzina gerezy Rodzaj lutung Gatunek lutung jawajski

Lutung jawajski (Trachypithecus auratus)[2] – gatunek ssaka z rodziny makakowatych. Zamieszkuje lasy deszczowe Jawy, Bali i Indonezji. W Polsce zwierzęta tego gatunku można spotkać w ogrodach zoologicznych między innymi w Gdańsku[3][4] i Zamościu[5]. Jest gatunkiem endemicznym.

Wygląd

Małpy te zwykle mają srebrnoczarną sierść z odcieniami brązu widocznymi na nogach, głowach i bokobrodach. Łacińska nazwa auratus oznacza tyle, co złoty, co odnosi się do rzadziej spotykanego, rudego umaszczenia tych zwierząt[6]. Taki sam kolor sierści pojawia się wśród zwierząt młodych, które wybarwiają się w trakcie dorastania[3][7]. Dorastają do 55cm i ważą do 8kg[5]. Jak w przypadku wszystkich lutungów ich ogony potrafią osiągać zaskakujące długości do aż 98cm[8].

Dymorfizm płciowy

Samice posiadają jaśniejszą sierść wokół obszaru łonowego.

Pożywienie

Dieta tego gatunku lutungów opiera się przede wszystkim na roślinach. Małpy te jedzą liście, owoce, kwiaty oraz ich pąki. Zjadają także larwy owadów. Tak jak inne gerezy lutung jawajski posiada wyspecjalizowany żołądek, dzięki któremu może trawić rośliny w bardziej wydajny sposób[8]. Posiadają powiększone gruczoły ślinowe, które pomagają im w rozbijaniu żywności[6].

Podgatunki

Występują dwa podgatunki tych zwierząt:Trachypithecus auratus auratu oraz Trachypithecus auratus mauritius. Są do siebie bardzo zbliżone, jednak zajmują inne terytoria. Podgatunek Trachypithecus auratus auratus nie traci swojego młodzieńczego, rudawego zabarwienia; jego sierść jedynie lekko przyciemnia się. Czarny kolor pojawia się jedynie na plecach małp[6].

Tryb życia

Zwierzę społeczne, żyjące w grupach składających się z około siedmiu osobników, z jednym lub dwoma samcami. Samice wspólnie zajmują się potomstwem, jednak potrafią atakować przedstawicielki innych grup. Jasne umaszczenie młodych sprawia, że pozostali członkowie stada mogą łatwiej je dostrzegać i chronić przed niebezpieczeństwem. Nie mają wyraźnego okresu gotowego, a samice wychowują jednego potomka na raz[6]

Przypisy

  1. Trachypithecus auratus, w: Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ang.).
  2. Mammal Species of the World - Browse: auratus, www.departments.bucknell.edu [dostęp 2018-12-15] .
  3. a b Wyborcza.pl, trojmiasto.wyborcza.pl [dostęp 2018-12-15] .
  4. Zoo Gdańsk, www.zoo.gda.pl [dostęp 2018-12-15] .
  5. a b LUTUNG JAWAJSKI - ZOO Zamość, www.zoo.zamosc.pl [dostęp 2018-12-15] .
  6. a b c d Javan Langur (Trachypithecus auratus), uakari.tripod.com [dostęp 2018-12-15] .
  7. N.N. Rowe N.N., The Pictorial Guide to the living Primates, East Hampton, Nowy Jork: Pogonias Press, 1996 .
  8. a b D.D. Macdonald D.D., The New Encyclopedia of Mammals, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001 .
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Lutung jawajski: Brief Summary ( Polonês )

fornecido por wikipedia POL

Lutung jawajski (Trachypithecus auratus) – gatunek ssaka z rodziny makakowatych. Zamieszkuje lasy deszczowe Jawy, Bali i Indonezji. W Polsce zwierzęta tego gatunku można spotkać w ogrodach zoologicznych między innymi w Gdańsku i Zamościu. Jest gatunkiem endemicznym.

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Autorzy i redaktorzy Wikipedii
original
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wikipedia POL

Trachypithecus auratus ( Português )

fornecido por wikipedia PT

O Langur-de-java (Trachypithecus auratus) é uma das 17 espécies de Trachypithecus.[1][4]

Referêcias

  1. a b «Trachypithecus auratus na lista vermelha da IUCN» (em inglês). Lista vermelha da IUCN. Consultado em 15 de setembro de 2012
  2. «Trachypithecus auratus auratus na lista vermelha da IUCN» (em inglês). Lista vermelha da IUCN. Consultado em 16 de setembro de 2012
  3. «Trachypithecus auratus mauritius na lista vermelha da IUCN» (em inglês). Lista vermelha da IUCN. Consultado em 16 de setembro de 2012
  4. Groves, C.P. (2005). Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. (eds.), ed. Mammal Species of the World 3 ed. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 111–184. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494
 title=
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Trachypithecus auratus: Brief Summary ( Português )

fornecido por wikipedia PT

O Langur-de-java (Trachypithecus auratus) é uma das 17 espécies de Trachypithecus.

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Trachypithecus auratus ( Sueco )

fornecido por wikipedia SV

Trachypithecus auratus är en primat i familjen markattartade apor som förekommer på Java och mindre öar i samma region. Det svenska trivialnamnet svart bladapa förekommer för arten.[2]

Utseende

Individerna når en kroppslängd mellan 44 och 65 cm samt en svanslängd mellan 61 och 87 cm. Vikten är omkring 7 kg. Arten förekommer i två färgvarianter. Den första är huvudsakligen svart med gråa eller bruna hårtoppar vid huvudet eller extremiteterna. Mera sällan är orange individer med en gulaktig buk. Honor har en ljusare fläck vid könsorganen.[3]

Utbredning och habitat

Trachypithecus auratus lever på Java och mindre öar i närheten som Bali, Lombok, Palau Sempu och Nusa Barung. Habitatet utgörs av olika sorters skogar upp till 3 500 meter över havet. De hittas även i människans trädodlingar.[1]

Ekologi

Arten vistas främst i skogar och är aktiv på dagen. Födan utgörs av blad, frukter, blommor, knopp och i viss mån av insektslarver. Individerna bildar flockar med omkring sju medlemmar. Gruppen består av en eller två vuxna hannar, några vuxna honor och deras ungar. Andra honor än modern är delaktig i ungarnas vård. Mot individer från andra flockar är de däremot aggressiva. Det finns inga fasta parningstider och honan föder en unge per kull.[3]

Status

Djuret jagas av människan för köttets skull och det fångas för att hålla som sällskapsdjur. Även levnadsområdets omvandling till jordbruksmark och samhällen är ett hot. Beståndet minskar och därför listas arten av IUCN som sårbar (VU).[1]

Referenser

  1. ^ [a b c] Nijman, V. & Supriatna, J. 2008 Trachypithecus auratus Från: IUCN 2010. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2010.4. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Läst 21 januari 2012.
  2. ^ David W. McDonald (en), S. Ulfstrand (sv), red (1996). ”Bladapor”. Bonniers Stora Verk Om Jordens Djur. "Apor". Bonnier Lexikon AB. sid. 102-111. ISBN 91-632-0077-5
  3. ^ [a b] M. Richardson (3 december 2005). ”Javan langur”. ARKive. Arkiverad från originalet den 28 januari 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180128190950/http://www.arkive.org/javan-langur/trachypithecus-auratus/#text=All. Läst 21 januari 2012.
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Trachypithecus auratus: Brief Summary ( Sueco )

fornecido por wikipedia SV

Trachypithecus auratus är en primat i familjen markattartade apor som förekommer på Java och mindre öar i samma region. Det svenska trivialnamnet svart bladapa förekommer för arten.

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Trachypithecus auratus ( Ucraniano )

fornecido por wikipedia UK

Опис

Довжина хвоста: 61-87 см. Довжина голови й тіла: 44-65 см. Середня вага: 7 кг. Має два різних типи забарвлень: більш поширеним з яких є глянсово чорний колір з легким коричневим відтінком боків тіла, 'бакенбардів' і ніг. Шкіра обличчя, долоні й підошви чорні. Рідшою формою є глибокий жовтогарячий колір з жовтими відтінками на боках тіла, кінцівках і волоссі навколо вух, і чорним відтінком на спині.

Поширення

Країни проживання: Індонезія (Балі, Ява, Калімантан, Суматра). Зустрічається в мангрових, пляжних і прісноводних заболочених лісах, постійно вологих низинних і гірських лісах, сухих листяних лісах і гірських лісах до 3000-3500 м.

Стиль життя

Полюбляє їсти листя та квіти, хоча також спожива насіння фруктів, незрілі фрукти, личинки комах. Це денний і деревний вид. Живе в соціальних групах близько семи осіб, з одним або двома дорослими самцями в групі. Дорослі самиці агресивні по відношенню до самиць з інших груп, але можуть доглядати за потомством інших матерів з їх групи. Парування відбувається протягом усього року й самиці народжують одне дитинча. Тривалість життя становить близько 20 років. Основні хижаки: Homo sapiens, Panthera pardus melas, Panthera tigris sondaica

Загрози та охорона

Загрози включають втрату і деградацію середовища проживання за рахунок розширення сільського господарства та населених пунктів, полювання на їжу і все частіше для торгівлі, фрагментація до невеликих ізольованих популяцій. Цей вид занесений Додаток II СІТЕС, і захищений індонезійським законодавством з 1999 року. Мешкає в англ. Pangandaran Nature Reserve, англ. Gunung Halimun National Park і англ. Ujung Kulon National Park.

Посилання


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wikipedia UK

Trachypithecus auratus ( Vietnamita )

fornecido por wikipedia VI

Trachypithecus auratus là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Cercopithecidae, bộ Linh trưởng. Loài này được É. Geoffroy mô tả năm 1812.[2]

Hình ảnh

Chú thích

  1. ^ Nijman, V. & Supriatna, J. (2008). Trachypithecus auratus. 2008 Sách đỏ IUCN. Liên minh Bảo tồn Thiên nhiên Quốc tế 2008. Truy cập ngày 4 tháng 1 năm 2009.
  2. ^ a ă Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. biên tập (2005). “Trachypithecus auratus”. Mammal Species of the World . Baltimore: Nhà in Đại học Johns Hopkins, 2 tập (2.142 trang). ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.

Tham khảo


Hình tượng sơ khai Bài viết liên quan đến Bộ Linh trưởng này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
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cc-by-sa-3.0
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Wikipedia tác giả và biên tập viên
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia VI

Trachypithecus auratus: Brief Summary ( Vietnamita )

fornecido por wikipedia VI

Trachypithecus auratus là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Cercopithecidae, bộ Linh trưởng. Loài này được É. Geoffroy mô tả năm 1812.

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cc-by-sa-3.0
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Wikipedia tác giả và biên tập viên
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
wikipedia VI

Блестящий гульман ( Russo )

fornecido por wikipedia русскую Википедию
Без ранга: Вторичноротые
Подтип: Позвоночные
Инфратип: Челюстноротые
Надкласс: Четвероногие
Подкласс: Звери
Инфракласс: Плацентарные
Надотряд: Euarchontoglires
Грандотряд: Euarchonta
Миротряд: Приматообразные
Отряд: Приматы
Инфраотряд: Обезьянообразные
Надсемейство: Собакоголовые
Семейство: Мартышковые
Подсемейство: Тонкотелые обезьяны
Триба: Presbytini
Род: Кази
Вид: Блестящий гульман
Международное научное название

Trachypithecus auratus É. Geoffroy, 1812

Ареал

изображение

Охранный статус Wikispecies-logo.svg
Систематика
на Викивидах
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Изображения
на Викискладе
ITIS 573060NCBI 222416EOL 128466FW 237549

Блестящий гульман[1] (лат. Trachypithecus auratus) — вид приматов из семейства мартышковых. Шерсть чёрная или жёлто-коричневая, конечности и бока коричневатые.[2] Является эндемиком острова Ява и нескольких близлежащих индонезийских островов.

Описание

Как и другие лангуры, представители этого вида обладают длинным хвостом, составляющим до 98 см в длину, тогда как длина тела около 55 см.[3] Вид имеет два подвида, разделённых географически. Как самцы, так и самки имеют чёрную шерсть, однако брюхо самок светло-серое или жёлтое. Детёныши обоих подвидов оранжевые.[4] Особи подвида Trachypithecus auratus auratus иногда остаются с детской желтоватой расцветкой и во взрослом возрасте.[2]

Поведение

Обитают во внутренних и периферийных районах дождевых лесов Индонезии.[2] Активны днём, проводят большую часть времени на деревьях.[2] Рацион преимущественно растительный: едят листья, фрукты, цветы, почки. Иногда в рацион включаются личинки насекомых. Пищеварительная система приспособлена для переваривания грубой растительной пищи.[3] Обладают увеличенными слюнными железами, помогающими переваривать пищу.[2]

Образуют группы от пяти до десяти животных. В группе один или два взрослых самца.[2] Самки участвуют в воспитании всех детёнышей группы, как своих, так и чужих, однако агрессивны к самкам из других групп.[2][3] Нет выраженного брачного периода, размножаются круглый год. В помёте обычно один детёныш.[2]

Подвиды

  • Trachypithecus auratus auratus
  • Trachypithecus auratus mauritius

Некотоыре приматологи считают T. a. mauritius отдельным видом Trachypithecus mauritius.[5]


Примечания

  1. Полная иллюстрированная энциклопедия. «Млекопитающие» Кн. 2 = The New Encyclopedia of Mammals / под ред. Д. Макдональда. — М.: Омега, 2007. — С. 458. — 3000 экз.ISBN 978-5-465-01346-8.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Primate Fact Sheets (неопр.) (15 октября 2003). Проверено январь 2004.
  3. 1 2 3 Macdonald, D. The New Encyclopedia of Mammals. — Oxford : Oxford University Press, 2001.
  4. Rowe, N. The Pictorial Guide to the living Primates. — East Hampton, New York : Pogonias Press, 1996.
  5. Roos, C.; et al. (2008). “Mitochondrial phylogeny, taxonomy and biogeography of the silvered langur species group (Trachypithecus cristatus)”. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 47 (2): 629—636. DOI:10.1016/j.ympev.2008.03.006. PMID 18406631.
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Блестящий гульман: Brief Summary ( Russo )

fornecido por wikipedia русскую Википедию

Блестящий гульман (лат. Trachypithecus auratus) — вид приматов из семейства мартышковых. Шерсть чёрная или жёлто-коричневая, конечности и бока коричневатые. Является эндемиком острова Ява и нескольких близлежащих индонезийских островов.

licença
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자바원숭이 ( Coreano )

fornecido por wikipedia 한국어 위키백과

자바원숭이(Trachypithecus auratus[1]) 또는 자바랑구르콜로부스아과에 속하는 구세계원숭이의 일종이다. 자바루뚱 또는 흑단랑구르라고 부르기도 한다. 일반적으로 다리와 옆구리 그리고 살쩍에 다갈색의 기미가 있으며 대부분, 광택이 흐르는 검은 색 털을 지니고 있다.[3] 원산지인 자와섬뿐만 아니라 인도네시아 근해의 여러 섬에서 서식한다. 라틴어 학명 "아우라투스"(auratus)는 "황금빛"이라는 뜻이지만, 덜 흔한 색이기에 일반 명으로 사용되지 않는다. 일반명 황금랑구르는 다른 종의 이름으로 사용되므로 주의해야 한다.

모든 랑구르처럼, 이 종의 꼬리는 특히 길어서, 길이가 87 cm에 달하는 반면에 몸은 단지 55 cm정도이다.[4]루뚱의 2종의 아종은 외모에서는 상당히 비슷하고, 지리적으로만 분리되어 있다. 수컷과 암컷 모두 통상적으로 광택이 나는 검은 색이지만, 암컷은 엷은 색을 띠며 음부 주위에 누르스름한 흰 반점이 있다. 두 아종의 새끼들은 오렌지 색을 띤다.[5] Trachypithecus auratus auratus라는 이름의 아종은 다 자라서도 어린 시절의 채색을 잃어버리지 않는 희귀한 종의 하나이다. 다만 채색은 약간 어두워지며, 옆구리와 손발 그리고 귀 주변에 노란 색조를, 등쪽에는 검은색 색조를 띤다.[3]

자바루뚱은 내륙 지역과 우림 바깥 지역에 거주한다.[3]

영장류는 주행성 동물이며 수목형 동물이다.[3] 이들의 먹이는 주로 초식으로, 잎과 과일, 꽃 그리고 꽃 봉오리를 먹지만, 가끔은 곤충의 유충을 먹기도 한다.

다른 콜로부스아과처럼, 식물을 좀 더 효과적으로 소화시키기 위한 특별한 위장을 지니고 있다.[4] 이 종들은 또한 음식을 쉽게 분해할 수 있도록 침샘이 발달해 있다.[3]

아종:

갤러리

각주

  1. Groves, C.P. (2005). Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M., 편집. 《Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference》 (영어) 3판. 존스 홉킨스 대학교 출판사. 175쪽. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
  2. “Trachypithecus auratus”. 《멸종 위기 종의 IUCN 적색 목록. 2008판》 (영어). 국제 자연 보전 연맹. 2008. 2009년 1월 4일에 확인함.
  3. “Primate Fact Sheets”. 2003년 10월 15일. 2004년 1월에 확인함.
  4. Macdonald, D. (2001). 《The New Encyclopedia of Mammals》. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  5. Rowe, N. (1996). 《The Pictorial Guide to the living Primates》. East Hampton, New York: Pogonias Press.
 title=
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Wikipedia 작가 및 편집자

자바원숭이: Brief Summary ( Coreano )

fornecido por wikipedia 한국어 위키백과

자바원숭이(Trachypithecus auratus) 또는 자바랑구르는 콜로부스아과에 속하는 구세계원숭이의 일종이다. 자바루뚱 또는 흑단랑구르라고 부르기도 한다. 일반적으로 다리와 옆구리 그리고 살쩍에 다갈색의 기미가 있으며 대부분, 광택이 흐르는 검은 색 털을 지니고 있다. 원산지인 자와섬뿐만 아니라 인도네시아 근해의 여러 섬에서 서식한다. 라틴어 학명 "아우라투스"(auratus)는 "황금빛"이라는 뜻이지만, 덜 흔한 색이기에 일반 명으로 사용되지 않는다. 일반명 황금랑구르는 다른 종의 이름으로 사용되므로 주의해야 한다.

모든 랑구르처럼, 이 종의 꼬리는 특히 길어서, 길이가 87 cm에 달하는 반면에 몸은 단지 55 cm정도이다. 이 루뚱의 2종의 아종은 외모에서는 상당히 비슷하고, 지리적으로만 분리되어 있다. 수컷과 암컷 모두 통상적으로 광택이 나는 검은 색이지만, 암컷은 엷은 색을 띠며 음부 주위에 누르스름한 흰 반점이 있다. 두 아종의 새끼들은 오렌지 색을 띤다. Trachypithecus auratus auratus라는 이름의 아종은 다 자라서도 어린 시절의 채색을 잃어버리지 않는 희귀한 종의 하나이다. 다만 채색은 약간 어두워지며, 옆구리와 손발 그리고 귀 주변에 노란 색조를, 등쪽에는 검은색 색조를 띤다.

자바루뚱은 내륙 지역과 우림 바깥 지역에 거주한다.

영장류는 주행성 동물이며 수목형 동물이다. 이들의 먹이는 주로 초식으로, 잎과 과일, 꽃 그리고 꽃 봉오리를 먹지만, 가끔은 곤충의 유충을 먹기도 한다.

다른 콜로부스아과처럼, 식물을 좀 더 효과적으로 소화시키기 위한 특별한 위장을 지니고 있다. 이 종들은 또한 음식을 쉽게 분해할 수 있도록 침샘이 발달해 있다.

아종:

동부자바원숭이 또는 동부자바루뚱 (Trachypithecus auratus auratus) 서부자바원숭이 또는 서부자바루뚱 (Trachypithecus auratus mauritius)
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