Comments
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por eFloras
Studies of Magnolia acuminata have failed to reconcile the nature of variation in this widespread species. In an attempt to settle differences in variation patterns, J.W. Hardin (1954) recognized four infraspecific taxa in M. acuminata . Later (1972, 1989) Hardin abandoned his earlier views for a more conservative stance, stating that variation in M. acuminata lacked any consistent pattern or geographic correlation. This is the view taken here--no infraspecific taxa are accepted for M. acuminata at this time. Its flowers are normally greenish and glaucous or sometimes yellow to orange-yellow, less showy than those of other magnolias in the flora. In southern areas, trees with yellow to orange-yellow flowers (originally described by Michaux as M. cordata ) occur in North Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, and perhaps elsewhere, together with trees that bear normal greenish flowers. Both filiform and flagelliform trichomes occur on the leaves; cylindric trichomes also occur.
Magnolia acuminata is of value to horticulturists because no other species of the genus has yellow tepals . Magnolia acuminata contains major quantities of xanthophyll lutein-5,6-epoxide and, in smaller amounts, acarotene-5,6-epoxide. Although this carotenoid occurs randomly throughout populations of M. acuminata , often it is masked by chlorophyll and not visibly expressed. Sometimes the carotenoid pigment shows through, as in the hybrid M. acuminata × M. denudata 'Elizabeth'. In that cross the M. acuminata parent tree was a nondescript plant with greenish flowers; yet out of this hybrid came 'Elizabeth', a stunning plant with light canary yellow flowers, a result completely unexpected. A thorough field study of M. acuminata is clearly warranted, and further investigation of the carotenoid flower pigments is needed to clarify the taxonomy of this widespread tree.
The largest known tree of Magnolia acuminata , 29.6m in height with a trunk diameter of 1.26m, is recorded from a specimen cultivated in Waukon, Iowa (American Forestry Association 1994).
The Cherokee and Iroquois tribes used Magnolia acuminata , largely the bark, as an analgesic, antidiarrheal, gastrointestinal aid, anthelmintic, toothache remedy, and for various other uses (D.E. Moerman 1986).
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Description
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por eFloras
Trees, deciduous, single-trunked, to
30 m. Bark dark gray, furrowed. Pith homogeneous. Twigs
and foliar buds silvery-pubescent. Leaves distinctly alternate,
not in terminal whorl-like clusters; stipules 3.2-4.3 × 1.4-1.6 cm,
abaxially pilose. Leaf blade broadly ovate-elliptic, oblong to oblong-obovate,
rarely somewhat rotund, (5-)10-25(-40) × 4-15(-26) cm, base cuneate
to truncate or broadly rounded, often somewhat oblique, apex acuminate;
surfaces abaxially pale green to whitish, pilose to nearly glabrous, adaxially
green, glabrous or rarely scattered pilose. Flowers slightly aromatic,
6-9 cm across; spathaceous bracts 2, abaxially silky-pubescent; tepals
erect, strongly glaucous to greenish or sometimes yellow to orange-yellow,
outermost tepals reflexed, much shorter, green; stamens (50-)60-122(-139),
5-13 mm; filaments white; pistils (35-)40-45(-60).
Follicetums oblong-cylindric,
often asymmetric, 2-7 × 0.8-2.7 cm; follicles short-beaked, glabrous.
Seeds heart-shaped, somewhat flattened to somewhat globose, 9-10
mm, smooth, aril reddish orange. 2n=76.
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Distribution
(
Inglês
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fornecido por eFloras
Bark dark gray, furrowed. Pith homogeneous. Twigs and foliar buds silvery-pubescent. Leaves distinctly alternate, not in terminal whorl-like clusters; stipules 3.2-4.3 × 1.4-1.6 cm, abaxially pilose. Leaf blade broadly ovate-elliptic, oblong to oblong-obovate, rarely somewhat rotund, (5-)10-25(-40) × 4-15(-26) cm, base cuneate to truncate or broadly rounded, often somewhat oblique, apex acuminate; surfaces abaxially pale green to whitish, pilose to nearly glabrous, adaxially green, glabrous or rarely scattered pilose. Flowers slightly aromatic, 6-9 cm across; spathaceous bracts 2, abaxially silky-pubescent; tepals erect, strongly glaucous to greenish or sometimes yellow to orange-yellow, outermost tepals reflexed, much shorter, green; stamens (50-)60-122(-139), 5-13 mm; filaments white; pistils (35-)40-45(-60). Follicetums oblong-cylindric, often asymmetric, 2-7 × 0.8-2.7 cm; follicles short-beaked, glabrous. Seeds heart-shaped, somewhat flattened to somewhat globose, 9-10 mm, smooth, aril reddish orange. 2 n =76.
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Habitat
(
Inglês
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fornecido por eFloras
Trees , deciduous, single-trunked, to 30 m.
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Synonym
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por eFloras
Magnolia virginiana Linnaeus var. (e) acuminata
Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 536. 1753; Kobus acuminata (Linnaeus) Nieuwland;
Magnolia acuminata var. alabamensis Ashe; M. acuminata
var. aurea (Ashe) Ashe; M. acuminata subsp. cordata
(Michaux) E. Murray; M. acuminata var. cordata (Michaux) Seringe;
M. acuminata var. ludoviciana Sargent; M. acuminata var.
ozarkensis Ashe; M. acuminata var. subcordata (Spach)
Dandy; M. cordata Michaux; Tulipastrum acuminatum (Linnaeus)
Small; T.acuminatum var. aureum Ashe; T.acuminatum
var. flavum Small; T.acuminatum var. ludovicianum
(Sargent) Ashe; T.acuminatum var. ozarkense (Ashe) Ashe;
T.americanum Spach; T.americanum var.
subcordatum Spach; T.cordatum (Michaux) Small
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Distribution
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Espanhol; Castelhano
)
fornecido por IABIN
Chile Central
Associated Forest Cover
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por Silvics of North America
Cucumbertree is found scattered in the oak-hickory forest. It is
an associated species in six eastern intermediate to climax
forest cover types (5). In northern hardwoods cucumbertree is a
minor component in Sugar Maple (Society of American Foresters
Type 27) and Black Cherry-Maple Type 28). In upland oaks
of the central forest region it is a component in White Oak-Black
Oak-Northern Red Oak (Type 52), Yellow-Poplar (Type 57),
Yellow-Poplar-Eastern Hemlock (Type 58), and Yellow-Poplar-White
Oak-Northern Red Oak (Type 59).
In the northern and central hardwoods and Appalachian Highlands,
cucumbertree commonly is associated with sugar maple (Acer
saccharum), yellowpoplar (Liriodendron tulipifera), yellow
buckeye (Aesculus octandra), several oaks Quercus spp.), and
black walnut (Juglans nigra). Common understory
vegetation includes spring beauty (Claytonia caroliniana),
trilliums (Trillium spp.), violets (Viola spp.),
Solomons-seal (Polygonatum pubescens), and sweet cicely
(Osmorhiza spp.). In the Allegheny Plateau of northern
Pennsylvania and southern New York, cucumbertree usually is
associated with black cherry (Prunus serotina), sugar
maple, yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis), sweet birch
(B. lenta), yellow-poplar, hemlock (Tsuga spp.), basswood
(Tilia spp.), northern red oak Quercus rubra), and
butternut (Juglans cinerea). Understory vegetation
includes black cherry, white ash (Fraxinus americana), sugar
maple, beech (Fagus grandifolia), red maple (Acer
rubrum), striped maple (A. pensylvanicum), witch-hazel
(Hamamelis virginiana), hobblebush (Viburnum
alnifolium), and other viburnums.
In the upland oak types throughout the East, cucumbertree is
associated with white oak Quercus alba), red oak, black
oak (Q. velutina), chestnut oak
(Q. prinus), yellow-poplar, elms (Ulmus spp.), hickories
(Carya spp.), maples, blackgum (Nyssa sylvatica),
white ash, basswood, yellow birch, and black cherry. Common
understory species include dogwood (Cornus spp.), sassafras
(Sassafras albidum), sourwood (Oxydendrum arboreum),
serviceberry (Amelanchier arborea), viburnums, witch-hazel,
grape (Vitis spp.), greenbrier (Smilax spp.), tick
trefoil (Desmodium spp.), and hawthorn (Crataegus
spp.).
In the Appalachian and Cumberland Mountains, cucumbertree commonly
occurs with yellow-poplar, eastern hemlock (Tsuga
canadensis), white ash, basswood, birches, sugar maple,
northern red oak, black oak, and white oak. Common understory
vegetation includes hemlock, sugar maple, beech, birch,
rhododendron (Rhododendron spp.), viburnums, wild
hydrangea (Hydrangea arborescens), and several ferns (Dyopteris
spp.). At higher elevations in the central uplands oak types,
cucumbertree is associated with yellow-poplar, white oak,
northern red oak, black cherry, buckeye, white ash, beech,
eastern white pine (Pinus strobus), and maples.
Understory vegetation includes maples, oaks, hickory, black
cherry, grape, spicebush (Lindera benzoin), wild
hydrangea, viburnum, dogwood, and ferns.
At its southern limits in the Coastal Plains from Louisiana to
west Florida, cucumbertree is associated with Sweetbay (Magnolia
uirginiana), bigleaf magnolia (M. macrophylla), and
southern magnolia (M. grandiflora) in addition to white
oak, water oak (Quercus nigra), swamp chestnut oak Q.
michauxii), and southern red oak (Q. falcata), elms,
hickories, yellow-poplar, beech, maples, white ash, and blackgum.
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Climate
(
Inglês
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fornecido por Silvics of North America
Cucumbertree is the hardiest of the native tree-size magnolias.
The climate is described as humid to subhumid throughout its
range. There are 110 to 260 days in the growing season, with 150
to 160 frost-free days in the northern portion of the range and
180 to 230 frost-free days in the southern portion. Annual
precipitation measures 890 to 2030 min (35 to 80 in), of which
about 510 to 1020 mm. (20 to 40 in) fall during the growing
season. The mean annual temperature varies from a low of 7°
C (45° F) in the northern range to 18° C (65° F)
in the south. January temperatures usually are between -7°
to 10° C (20° to 50° F); July temperatures are
between 18° to 27° C (65° to 80° F); however,
sometimes there are extremes well above and well below these
temperatures for relatively short periods of time. Average annual
snowfall measures from 200 cm (80 in) or more in the north to
only a trace of snow in the south (25,29).
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Damaging Agents
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Inglês
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fornecido por Silvics of North America
Cucumbertree has no important disease
agents; however, it is very sensitive to ground fires and frost
(8). Nectria galligena is common on cucumbertree stands on
unsuitable sites, particularly in the southern Appalachian
region. Nectria cankers cause defects but seldom kill the tree.
Ambrosia beetles such as Platypus compositus, a common wood borer,
seriously degrade recently felled trees during warm months. In
the South, it is common to saw logs within 2 to 3 weeks after
felling (2). The magnolia scale (Neolecanium cornuparuum),
one of the largest scale insects in the United States, can
seriously injure magnolia species. Other sap-sucking insects that
attack cucumbertree are the European fruit lecanium (Parthenolecanium
corni); the oleander pit scale (Asterolecanium
pustulans); and the San Jose scale (Quadraspidiotus
perniciosus). Common insect defoliators of cucumbertree are
0dontopus calceatus, Phyllocnistis magnoliella, and Phyllophaga
forsteri (2).
Sapsucker damage is common on cucumbertree. Bird peck causes stain
streaks in the wood several feet above and below each peck,
resulting in lumber degrade.
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Flowering and Fruiting
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Inglês
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fornecido por Silvics of North America
Cucumbertree flowers from early
April through early July depending on location (22).
Self-pollination usually does not occur because the flowers do
not produce ripe pollen until the female stigma is no longer
receptive (12). Magnolia flowers are perfect and are borne singly
at the ends of the branches. They appear after the leaves start
developing. The flowers close at night and do not last longer
than 2 to 4 days. Pollination is largely by insects. The fruit, a
green cucumber-shaped cone, ripens in late August or September.
The thickened, rounded, red knobby follicles open exposing
reddish-orange seeds that hang on slender threads before falling
to the ground (7). The outer seedcoat is fleshy, oily, and soft;
the inner seedcoat is hard, thin, and membranous enclosing a
large and fleshy endosperm.
Weather adversely influences the sensitive flower receptivity and
available pollen. Also, cucumbertrees have a shorter period of
receptivity and pollen shedding than other native magnolias (14).
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Growth and Yield
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Inglês
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fornecido por Silvics of North America
Cucumbertree can reach a height of about
30 m (100 ft) and a d.b.h. of 91 to 122 cm (36 to 48 in).
Typically, this tree is 18 to 24 m (60 to 80 ft) tall and 60 cm
(24 in) in d.b.h. Cucumbertree grows fast in moist, deep soils of
coves and lower slopes. This species matures in 100 years and
seldom lives more than 150 years (8). Generally, the species is
rapid growing and short lived. There are no available published
data on the growth rate and yield of individual trees.
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Reaction to Competition
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Inglês
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fornecido por Silvics of North America
This species is classed as
intermediate in shade tolerance (24). Observations on the Fernow
Experimental Forest, Parsons, WV, indicate that cucumbertree
regeneration is more frequent in clearcuts than in partial cuts.
In early development of central Appalachian hardwood stands,
cucumbertree competes favorably with yellow-poplar and black
cherry on good oak sites and with oak species on fair sites.
Cucumbertree is similar to yellow-poplar in that it usually
develops a straight bole at a young age. Cucumbertree produces
considerable branches, but since it self-prunes well in closed
stands, it is usually clear boled (8).
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Rooting Habit
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Inglês
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The root system for cucumbertree is deep
and widespread, and trees rarely develop a taproot (30).
Cucumbertree is susceptible to windthrow, especially on steep
slopes.
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Seed Production and Dissemination
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Inglês
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fornecido por Silvics of North America
Cucumbertree produces
from 10 to 60 seeds per fruit. Good seed crops usually occur
every 4 to 5 years, but less frequently at the margins of the
geographic range. Light seed crops occur in intervening years.
Seed bearing begins at about 30 years and is optimum at age 50
and beyond (18). The average number of uncleaned seeds per
kilogram is about 3,530 (1,600/lb); for depulped, cleaned seed,
the average ranges from about 6,400 to 14,600/kg (2,900 to
6,600/lb) (7,18). Seeds are usually disseminated by birds, wind,
water, and gravity soon after ripening in the fall.
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Seedling Development
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Inglês
)
fornecido por Silvics of North America
Magnolia seed of all species seems
more sensitive to adverse temperatures and moisture factors than
other tree seed (7). All seeds of magnolia species lose viability
if fully dried or stored over winters at room temperatures.
During germination, the cotyledons (epigeous) emerge from the
ground. Germination occurs the first or second spring following
seed production. Seed dormancy can be overcome by several months
of low temperature. Normally, it is essential to stratify the
seed for first-year germination. Moist, cold storage is
recommended (14). Average seed germination is 55 percent; seeds
germinate in 35 to 60 days. The clean or uncleaned seed can be
stored at 0° to 5° C (32° to 41° F) in sealed
containers for several years with little loss of viability.
Reproduction of cucumbertree in the forests is scarce because of
the destruction of seeds by birds and rodents, high
susceptibility of the seedlings to freezing, and the exacting
conditions required for germination (18). Nursery practices used
to artificially propagate magnolia seed include sowing the seed
in the fall or stratifying the seed several months and then
sowing the seed in the late winter or spring. The beds should be
mulched and the mulch not removed until there is no possibility
of a late spring frost. Young seedlings need half shade during
most of the first summer in the seedbed. Normally plantings are
done with 1-0 bare root seedlings (18). Cucumbertree is easy to
transplant (30).
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Soils and Topography
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Inglês
)
fornecido por Silvics of North America
This species prefers rich soils of bottomland and north to east
slopes and is most plentiful in mountains and hills. The
soils must be well drained, moist, and deep. Most slopes where
this species is found are gentle to moderate, up to 25 percent,
though cucumber tree is also found on steeper slopes. The species
is found at elevations as high as 1524 in (5,000 ft) above sea
level.
Cucumbertree is found in three orders and five suborders of soil
(28). The dominant order, Inceptisols, occurs on approximately 60
percent of the species range, particularly in the Appalachians.
On steep slopes greater than 25 percent, cucumbertree grows on
coarse loams. On gentle to moderate slopes it is found on fine
loams. Here, water is readily available to plants during more
than one-half of the year or more than three consecutive months
during the growing season. Soil textures are finer than loamy
sand and these soils have a moderate to high nutrient content.
Approximately 35 percent of the soils are Ultisols, occurring on
gentle to steep slopes in the southern range. These soils
are low in nutrients. On slopes greater than 25 percent,
cucumbertree grows on fine to coarse loams, clays, and on
well-drained quartz sands. On slopes up to 25 percent it is
confined to coarse loams (28).
The remaining soils on which cucumbertree grows are in the order
Alfisols.
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Special Uses
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Inglês
)
fornecido por Silvics of North America
In general, wildlife use of cucumbertree for food is low; however,
the seeds are eaten by several species of birds and small mammals
(11). Grackles and blackbirds also eat the young fruit of the
cucumber tree (14). Twigs, leaves, and buds are browsed by deer;
although cucumbertree is classed as nonpalatable by some
investigators (9), others have considered it an important deer
plant food in West Virginia during one or more seasons (1).
Cucumbertree is a valuable forest and shade tree, highly desirable
for ornamental planting because of the showy flowers, fruits, and
attractive foliage and bark (18). This species has been planted
successfully well north of its native range (4); it grows well in
slightly acid, well-drained soil (26).
Cucumbertree is used for wood products and resembles yellow-poplar
except that the wood is heavier, harder, and stronger (3). This
species is commonly used for lumber in the Appalachian Mountains,
especially in West Virginia and adjoining States. The wood is
usually sold as yellow-poplar; it has not been sold as
cucumbertree lumber since 1928 (3). The wood is used in
furniture, fixtures, venetian blinds, siding, interior trim,
sashes, doors, boxes, and crates (10). Cucumbertree is not as
desirable for fuelwood as the denser hardwoods. Compared with
hickory, which has a fuel value of 100, cucumbertree has a fuel
value of 57 (on a volume basis).
Cucumbertree has a specific gravity of 0.44 based on oven-dry
weight and green volume, and 0.48 based on oven-dry weight and
volume at 12 percent moisture content (27). Generally,
the wood is close grained, durable, and susceptible to decay.
Sapwood typically is a light color while the heartwood is pale
brown. The branches of this species are soft and break easily,
making tree climbing difficult (22).
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Vegetative Reproduction
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Inglês
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fornecido por Silvics of North America
Cucumbertree sprouts readily and
often is used as grafting root stock for named varieties and
ornamental species. Propagation is from seed or grafts; use of
cuttings is unsuccessful (15). Successful grafting allows this
species to be grown far north of its natural range (17).
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Brief Summary
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por Silvics of North America
Magnoliaceae -- Magnolia family
H. Clay Smith
Cucumbertree (Magnolia acuminata), also called cucumber
magnolia, yellow cucumbertree, yellow-flower magnolia, and
mountain magnolia, is the most widespread and hardiest of the
eight native magnolia species in the United States, and the only
magnolia native to Canada. They reach their greatest size in
moist soils of slopes and valleys in the mixed hardwood forests
of the southern Appalachian Mountains. Growth is fairly rapid and
maturity is reached in 80 to 120 years. The soft, durable,
straight-grained wood is similar to yellow-poplar (Liriodendron
tulipifera). They are often marketed together and used for
pallets, crates, furniture, plywood, and special products. The
seeds are eaten by birds and rodents and this tree is suitable
for planting in parks.
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Distribution
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por Silvics of North America
Cucumbertree is widely distributed but never abundant. It grows on
cool moist sites mostly in the mountains from western New York
and southern Ontario southwest to Ohio, southern Indiana and
Illinois, southern Missouri south to southeastern Oklahoma and
Louisiana; east to northwest Florida and central Georgia; and
north in the mountains to Pennsylvania.
-The native range of cucumbertree.
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Šácholan přišpičatělý
(
Checo
)
fornecido por wikipedia CZ
Šácholan přišpičatělý (Magnolia acuminata), též nazývaný magnólie přišpičatělá, je opadavý strom z čeledi šácholanovitých. Dorůstá výšky okolo 20 metrů a na rozdíl od ostatních šácholanů má žlutozelené květy. V Česku je pěstován jako okrasný strom.
![src=]()
Mapa rozšíření šácholanu přišpičatělého
Popis
Šácholan přišpičatělý je opadavý strom dorůstající výšky 12 až 20, výjimečně až 30 metrů. Koruna je kuželovitá. Borka je světle až tmavě šedá, ve stáří hluboce brázditá. Letorosty jsou lysé nebo slabě pýřité, světle hnědé až šedé nebo červenavé. Listové pupeny jsou stříbřitě chlupaté, 2 až 3 cm dlouhé. Listy jsou zřetelně střídavé a nejsou nahloučené na koncích větví. Listy jsou eliptické, vejčité až obvejčité, 10 až 25 cm dlouhé a 4 až 15 cm široké, na bázi klínovité, uťaté až široce zaokrouhlené, na vrcholu zašpičatělé. Listy jsou na líci tmavě zelené a lysé, na rubu světle zelené, chlupaté až skoro lysé. Řapíky jsou 2,5 až 3,5 cm dlouhé. Na podzim se listy barví do žlutých odstínů. Květy rozkvétají po olistění nebo zároveň s rozvíjejícími se listy. Jsou lehce vonné, žlutozelené až žlutooranžové, zvonkovitě pohárkovité, 6 až 8 cm vysoké, se 6 až 9 okvětními plátky. Okvětní lístky jsou vzpřímené, pouze 3 vnější jsou zelené, nazpět skloněné a mnohem kratší. Tyčinky jsou 5 až 13 mm dlouhé, s bílými tyčinkami. Souplodí, zvané šách, je malinově červené, 5 až 8 cm dlouhé, často asymetrické. Měchýřky jsou krátce zobánkaté a lysé. Semena jsou poněkud zploštělá až téměř kulovitá, srdcovitého tvaru, asi 10 mm dlouhá, s jasně červenooranžovým míškem.[2][3][4]
Listy šácholanu přišpičatělého
Kmen šácholanu přišpičatělého
Šách šácholanu přišpičatělého
Rozšíření
Šácholan přišpičatělý je rozšířen ve východních oblastech USA, kde roste ve smíšených lesích společně s liliovníkem tulipánokvětým (Liriodendron tulipifera) a dubem bílým (Quercus alba).[2]
Taxonomie
Tento druh byl poprvé popsán Carlem Linném v díle Species Plantarum z roku 1753 pod názvem Magnolia virginiana var. acuminata. V díle Systema Naturae, vydaném o 6 let později, jej již uvádí pod jménem Magnolia acuminata.[5][6] V současné klasifikaci rodu Magnolia je řazen do podrodu Yulania, sekce Yulania a podsekce Tulipastrum jako její jediný zástupce.[7]
Kříženci
Magnolia x brooklinensis je kříženec šácholanu přišpičatělého s asijským šácholanem liliokvětým (Magnolia liliiflora).[8] Známý a velmi ceněný je i kříženec se šácholanem obnaženým (M. denudata). Vzniklé hybridy se vyznačují světle kanárkově žlutou barvou květů, u magnólií zcela ojedinělou.[3]
Význam
Severoameričtí indiáni, zvl. Čerokíové a Irokézové, používali kůru šácholanu přišpičatělého jako analgetikum, na trávicí potíže a proti průjmu, jako anthelmintikum, při bolestech zubů aj.[3] V Česku je tento šácholan pěstován jako okrasný strom.[4][9]
Reference
-
↑ Červený seznam IUCN 2018.1. 5. července 2018. Dostupné online. [cit. 2018-08-10]
-
↑ a b KOBLÍŽEK, J. Jehličnaté a listnaté dřeviny našich zahrad a parků. 2. vyd. Tišnov: Sursum, 2006. ISBN 80-7323-117-4.
-
↑ a b c Flora of North America: Magnolia acuminata [online]. Dostupné online.
-
↑ a b Dendrologie online: Magnolia acuminata [online]. Dostupné online.
-
↑ The International Plant Names Index [online]. Dostupné online.
-
↑ The Plant List [online]. Dostupné online.
-
↑ Magnolia Society: Classification of Magnoliaceae [online]. 2004, rev. 2007. Dostupné online.
-
↑ SPONGBERG, Stephen A. Some Old and New Interspecific Magnolia Hybrids. Arnoldia. 1976, roč. 36, čís. 4.
-
↑ Florius - katalog botanických zahrad [online]. Dostupné online.
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Šácholan přišpičatělý: Brief Summary
(
Checo
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fornecido por wikipedia CZ
Šácholan přišpičatělý (Magnolia acuminata), též nazývaný magnólie přišpičatělá, je opadavý strom z čeledi šácholanovitých. Dorůstá výšky okolo 20 metrů a na rozdíl od ostatních šácholanů má žlutozelené květy. V Česku je pěstován jako okrasný strom.
![src=]()
Mapa rozšíření šácholanu přišpičatělého
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Gurken-Magnolie
(
Alemão
)
fornecido por wikipedia DE
Die Gurken-Magnolie (Magnolia acuminata) ist eine Art aus der Gattung der Magnolien und gehört damit zur Familie der Magnoliengewächse (Magnoliaceae). Sie wächst als laubabwerfender Baum im Osten Nordamerikas, dort wird sie cucumber tree genannt. Der Name bezieht sich auf die unregelmäßig gekrümmten, ledrigen Früchte.
Erscheinungsbild
![src=]()
Blätter der Gurken-Magnolie (
Magnolia acuminata).
Die Gurken-Magnolie ist ein sommergrüner Baum, der bis zu 24 Meter, in Ausnahmefällen bis zu 30 Meter hoch wird. Er hat eine gewölbte, pyramidal aufgebaute Krone, die aus aufrechten bis leicht abgespreizten Ästen besteht. Anders als bei der in Mitteleuropa häufig angepflanzten Tulpen-Magnolie ist bei dieser Magnolienart der Stamm schlank und gerade. Knospen und junge Zweige sind silbrig behaart, an älteren Ästen wird die dunkelgraue Rinde fein zerfurcht.
Die wechselständigen Blätter werden zehn bis 25 Zentimeter lang und vier bis 15 Zentimeter breit. Die Blattform ist elliptisch mit einer schlanken Spitze. Der Blattgrund ist keilförmig bis leicht herzförmig. Auf der Oberseite sind die Blätter von frischgrüner Farbe, unterseits hellgrün bis weißlich und manchmal behaart.
Die von April bis Juni zeitgleich mit den Blättern erscheinenden, leicht duftenden Blüten stehen einzeln an den Enden der Zweige und sind bis zu neun Zentimeter breit. Eine einzelne Blüte besteht aus drei äußeren, kurzen und grünen Tepalen und sechs weiteren, bläulich-grünen, hellgrünen, hellgelben oder gelb-orangen Blütenhüllblättern, die spiralig angeordnet sind. Die Blüten erreichen einen Durchmesser von fünf bis zehn Zentimetern. Im Zentrum befinden sich 60 bis 120 Staubblätter mit weißen Staubfäden sowie 40 bis 45 Stempel. Die entstehende Sammelbalgfrucht ist zuerst grün und färbt sich später rot. Weil nicht alle einzelnen Balgfrüchte Samen enthalten, sind die Früchte oft unregelmäßig geformt. Die Samen sind etwa einen Zentimeter groß, herzförmig und von einem orange-roten Samenmantel (Arillus) umgeben.
Verbreitungsgebiet
Die Gurken-Magnolie hat ihr ursprüngliches Verbreitungsgebiet im Osten Nordamerikas, es deckt sich weitgehend mit dem Verlauf der Appalachen. Im Norden erreicht sie Ontario und ist damit die einzige Magnolien-Art, die in Kanada vorkommt. Im Süden reichen vereinzelte Vorkommen noch bis zum Golf von Mexiko, im Westen werden noch die Ozark-Berge besiedelt. Die Gurken-Magnolie ist bis zu einer Höhe von 1500 Metern anzutreffen. Das Klima ist temperiert und feucht, der Jahresniederschlag variiert im Verbreitungsgebiet zwischen 900 und 2000 mm, die Jahresdurchschnittstemperatur zwischen 7 °C und 18 °C.
Die besiedelten Böden sind nährstoffreich, tiefgründig und gut mit Wasser versorgt. Der pH-Wert liegt meist im sauren Bereich, aber auch Kalkböden werden vertragen. Auf trockenen oder staunassen Böden kommt diese Art nicht vor. Am häufigsten wächst sie an nordwärts oder nach Osten gerichteten Hängen.
Die Wälder werden von verschiedenen Eichen- und Hickory-Arten, von Rot- und Zucker-Ahorn dominiert. Weitere häufige Bäume sind der Tulpenbaum, Aesculus octandra und die Schwarznuss. Im Unterwuchs wachsen Sträucher wie Hamamelis virginiana, verschiedene Cornus- und Viburnum-Arten.
Verwendung
Die Gurken-Magnolie wird gelegentlich in Parks oder Gärten als Ziergehölz kultiviert. Für diesen Zweck wurden auch einige Sorten ausgelesen, wichtiger ist sie allerdings als Kreuzungspartner, um gelb blühende Magnolien zu züchten.
- 'Elizabeth' – Magnolia acuminata × Magnolia denudata, eine der ersten gelb blühenden Magnolien im Handel, Blüten vor dem Laubaustrieb, cremeweiß bis hellgelb. Das zur Kreuzung verwendete Exemplar der Gurken-Magnolie hatte unauffällige grüne Blüten, überraschenderweise ergab die Kreuzung eine Pflanze mit gelben Blüten.
- 'Yellow Bird' – Magnolia 'Evamaria' × Magnolia acuminata, ebenfalls gelbe Blüten.
-
Magnolia × brooklynensis – Magnolia acuminata × Magnolia liliiflora, die Kreuzung zwischen grün-gelb und violett blühenden Pflanzen ergibt manchmal seltsam bräunliche Blütenfarben, aber auch gelbe oder violette Blüten können vorkommen. Benannt nach dem botanischen Garten Brooklyn, wo diese Kreuzungen ab 1954 begonnen wurden.
Das Holz wird gelegentlich im Möbelbau verwendet, im Handel wird es zusammen mit dem Holz des Tulpenbaums als yellow poplar vermarktet.
Die Cherokee- und Irokesen-Indianer nutzten die Rinde der Gurken-Magnolie als Medizin.[1]
Systematik
Die Pflanze wurde schon 1753 von Carl von Linné auf der Grundlage einer früheren Publikation von Mark Catesby als Varietät von Magnolia virginiana beschrieben.[2] 1759 gab er sie als eigenständige Art an.[3] Der Name acuminata bedeutet „zugespitzt“ und bezieht sich auf die Blattform.
Innerhalb der Gattung Magnolia wird die Gurken-Magnolie in die Untergattung Yulania, dort in die Sektion Yulania eingeordnet; sie ist der einzige Vertreter der Subsektion Tulipastrum. Alle anderen Arten aus der Sektion Yulania stammen aus Ostasien, wie die Yulan-Magnolie, die Purpur-Magnolie oder die Stern-Magnolie.[4] Die Anzahl der Chromosomen beträgt 2n = 4x = 76, die Pflanzen sind also tetraploid. Im Verbreitungsgebiet gibt es eine beträchtliche Variationsbreite, etwa was die Behaarung, die Größe der Pflanzen oder die Blütenfarbe betrifft. Mehrere Varietäten wurden beschrieben, heute geht man allerdings davon aus, dass sich die Unterschiede nicht einzelnen Populationen zuordnen lassen. Besonders die Varietät subcordata (Spach) Dandy wird noch häufig genannt, sie soll sich durch gelbe Blüten, kleinere, etwa zehn Meter hohe Pflanzen und behaarte Blätter und Zweige unterscheiden.[5] In der Flora of North America wird jedoch ausdrücklich erwähnt, die Gurken-Magnolie solle besser ohne innerartliche Taxa geführt werden.
Einzelnachweise
-
↑ Native American Ethobotany Database - University of Michigan
-
↑ Linné: Species Plantarum. Bd. 1. Salvius, Holmiae 1753, S. 536.
-
↑ Linné: Systema Naturae, Editio Decima. Bd. 2. Salvius, Holmiae 1759, S. 1082.
-
↑ Classification of Magnoliaceae. Magnolia Society International, 2012, abgerufen am 22. Dezember 2015. vgl. R. B. Figlar, H. P. Nooteboom: Notes on Magnoliaceae IV. in: Blumea. Leiden 49,2004,1,87.
-
↑ Callaway, 1994, S. 170.
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Gurken-Magnolie: Brief Summary
(
Alemão
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fornecido por wikipedia DE
Die Gurken-Magnolie (Magnolia acuminata) ist eine Art aus der Gattung der Magnolien und gehört damit zur Familie der Magnoliengewächse (Magnoliaceae). Sie wächst als laubabwerfender Baum im Osten Nordamerikas, dort wird sie cucumber tree genannt. Der Name bezieht sich auf die unregelmäßig gekrümmten, ledrigen Früchte.
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Magnolia acuminata
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Cômi
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Magnolia acuminata
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Udmurt
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Magnolia acuminata
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por wikipedia EN
Magnolia acuminata, commonly called the cucumber tree (often spelled as a single word "cucumbertree"), cucumber magnolia or blue magnolia, is one of the largest magnolias, and one of the cold-hardiest. It is a large forest tree of the Eastern United States and Southern Ontario in Canada. It is a tree that tends to occur singly as scattered specimens, rather than in groves.[2]
The cucumber tree is native primarily within the Appalachian belt, including the Allegheny Plateau and Cumberland Plateau, up to western Pennsylvania and New York. There are also numerous disconnected outlying populations through much of the southeastern U.S., and a few small populations in Southern Ontario. In Canada, the cucumber tree is listed as an endangered species and is protected under the Canadian Species at Risk Act.[3] In 1993 The North American Native Plant Society purchased Shining Tree Woods to preserve a stand of Magnolia acuminata, which is also known as "The Shining Tree".
The leaves are deciduous, simple and alternate, oval to oblong, 12–25 centimetres (4.7–9.8 in) long and 6–12 centimetres (2.4–4.7 in) wide, with smooth margins and downy on the underside. They come in two forms, acuminate at both ends, or moderately cordate at the base (these are usually only formed high in the tree).
Unlike most magnolias, the flowers are not showy. They are typically small, yellow-green, and borne high in the tree in April through June. The leaves of Magnolia acuminata are pointed at the tip and provide it with its name - 'acuminate' means tapering to a fine point. The name "cucumber tree" refers to the unripe fruit, which is green and often shaped like a small cucumber; the fruit matures to a dark red color and is 6–8 centimetres (2.4–3.1 in) long and 4 centimetres (1.6 in) broad, with the individual carpels splitting open to release the bright red seeds, 10–60 per fruit. The ripe fruit is a striking reddish orange color.
Uses and cultivation
Cucumber trees are excellent shade trees for parks and gardens, though they are not recommended for use as street trees. In cultivation, they typically only grow 15–20 m (49–66 ft) tall, although they reach over 30 m (98 ft) in ideal forest situations. They can become quite massive: the United States national (and presumed world) champion in Stark County, Ohio measures eight feet (2.4 m) in diameter and 96 ft (29 m) tall. They grow best in deep, moist, well-drained soils that are slightly acidic although they are tolerant of alkaline soils.
They are tricky to transplant due to their coarse, fleshy root system and should be planted shallow and moved in early spring with a good soil ball.
In the timber trade, the wood of this tree is interchangeable with that of the related tuliptree (Liriodendron tulipifera).
Magnolia acuminata has been used in hybridizing new varieties that share its yellow flower color and cold hardiness.
It additionally has been marked as a pollinator plant, supporting and attracting bees and butterflies. It is a host plant for butterflies, providing food during their larval stage.[4]
Gallery
1880 accession (#15154*D), Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University
References
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Magnolia acuminata: Brief Summary
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por wikipedia EN
Magnolia acuminata, commonly called the cucumber tree (often spelled as a single word "cucumbertree"), cucumber magnolia or blue magnolia, is one of the largest magnolias, and one of the cold-hardiest. It is a large forest tree of the Eastern United States and Southern Ontario in Canada. It is a tree that tends to occur singly as scattered specimens, rather than in groves.
The cucumber tree is native primarily within the Appalachian belt, including the Allegheny Plateau and Cumberland Plateau, up to western Pennsylvania and New York. There are also numerous disconnected outlying populations through much of the southeastern U.S., and a few small populations in Southern Ontario. In Canada, the cucumber tree is listed as an endangered species and is protected under the Canadian Species at Risk Act. In 1993 The North American Native Plant Society purchased Shining Tree Woods to preserve a stand of Magnolia acuminata, which is also known as "The Shining Tree".
The leaves are deciduous, simple and alternate, oval to oblong, 12–25 centimetres (4.7–9.8 in) long and 6–12 centimetres (2.4–4.7 in) wide, with smooth margins and downy on the underside. They come in two forms, acuminate at both ends, or moderately cordate at the base (these are usually only formed high in the tree).
Unlike most magnolias, the flowers are not showy. They are typically small, yellow-green, and borne high in the tree in April through June. The leaves of Magnolia acuminata are pointed at the tip and provide it with its name - 'acuminate' means tapering to a fine point. The name "cucumber tree" refers to the unripe fruit, which is green and often shaped like a small cucumber; the fruit matures to a dark red color and is 6–8 centimetres (2.4–3.1 in) long and 4 centimetres (1.6 in) broad, with the individual carpels splitting open to release the bright red seeds, 10–60 per fruit. The ripe fruit is a striking reddish orange color.
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Magnolia acuminata
(
Espanhol; Castelhano
)
fornecido por wikipedia ES
Magnolia acuminata, magnolia acuminada[1] es una especie arbórea de la familia Magnoliaceae. En una de las magnolias más grandes y más resistentes al frío. Es un gran árbol de los bosques del nordeste de Estados Unidos y sur de Ontario en Canadá. Es un árbol que tiende a encontrarse solo como ejemplar disperso y no en forma de arboledas.[2]
Distribución y hábitat
El árbol es nativo principalmente del cinturón de los Apalaches, incluida la meseta de Allegheny y la meseta de Cumberland, llegando hasta el oeste de Pensilvania y Nueva York. También hay numerosas poblaciones periféricas desconectadas en gran parte del sureste de EE.UU., y una pocas poblaciones pequeñas al sur Ontario, en Canadá, se encuentra en peligro de extinción y está protegido por la Ley canadiense de Especies en Riesgo.[3]
Descripción
Las hojas son caducifolias simples y alternas, con las láminas ovales de hasta 12-25 cm de largo y 6-12 cm de ancho, con los márgenes lisos y suaves en la parte inferior. Se producen en dos formas, acuminadas en ambos extremos, o moderadamente cordadas en la base (por lo general sólo se forman de parte alta del árbol).
A diferencia de la mayoría de las magnolias , las flores no son vistosas . Son pequeñas y de color amarillo- verdoso. El fruto madura a un color rojo oscuro y es de 6-8 cm de largo y 4 cm de ancho, con los carpelos individuales que se abren para liberar 10-60 brillante semillas de color rojo por fruto. La fruta madura es de un llamativo color naranja rojizo.
Usos y cultivo
Son excelentes árboles de sombra para parques y jardines, aunque no se recomienda el uso de árboles en las calles. En el cultivo, por lo general sólo crecen 15-20 m de altura, a pesar de que alcance más de 30 m en el bosque en situaciones ideales. Pueden llegar a ser absolutamente masivos: en los Estados Unidos el campeón nacional, se encuentra en el Condado de Stark, Ohio y mide más de 2 m de diámetro (aunque sólo 24 metros de altura). Crecen mejor en los suelos profundos, húmedos y bien drenados, que son ligeramente ácidos a pesar de que son tolerantes a los suelos alcalinos.
Son difíciles de trasplantar debido a su grueso sistema de raíces, se deben plantar a poca profundidad y se debe cambiar a principios de primavera con una bola de buena tierra.
En el comercio de la madera, este árbol es intercambiable con el Liriodendron tulipifera.
Magnolia acuminata se ha utilizado en la hibridación de variedades nuevas que comparte el color de la flor amarilla y su gran resistencia al frío.
Taxonomía
Magnolia acuminata fue descrito por Carlos Linneo y publicado en Systema Naturae, Editio Decima 2: 1082. 1759.[4]
- Etimología
Magnolia: nombre genérico otorgado en honor de Pierre Magnol, botánico de Montpellier (Francia).
acuminata: epíteto latino que significa "acuminada, disminuyendo gradualmente hasta un punto".[5]
- Sinonimia
-
Magnolia virginiana var. acuminata L., Sp. Pl.: 536 (1753).
-
Magnolia umbrella var. acuminata (L.) P.Parm., Bull. Sc. France Belgique 27: 253 (1896), nom. superfl.
-
Tulipastrum acuminatum (L.) Small, Fl. S.E. U.S.: 451 (1903).
-
Kobus acuminata (L.) Nieuwl., Amer. Midl. Naturalist 3: 297 (1914).
-
Yulania acuminata (L.) D.L.Fu, J. Wuhan Bot. Res. 19: 198 (2001).
Magnolia acuminata var. acuminata.
-
Magnolia pensylvanica DC., Syst. Nat. 1: 453 (1817).
-
Magnolia rustica DC., Syst. Nat. 1: 453 (1817).
-
Magnolia decandollei Savi, Bibliot. Ital. Giorn. Lett. 16: 224 (1819).
-
Magnolia candollei Link, Handbuch 2: 375 (1829), nom. superfl.
-
Tulipastrum americanum Spach, Hist. Nat. Vég. 7: 483 (1839), nom. superfl.
Magnolia acuminata var. subcordata (Spach) Dandy, Amer. J. Bot. 51: 1056 (1964). Desde Carolina del Norte hasta Florida.
-
Tulipastrum americanum var. subcordatum Spach, Hist. Vég. 7: 483 (1839).
-
Magnolia cordata Michx., Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 328 (1803).
-
Tulipastrum cordatum (Michx.) Small, Fl. S.E. U.S.: 451 (1903).[6]
Referencias
-
↑ Nombre vulgar preferido en castellano, en Árboles: guía de campo; Johnson, Owen y More, David; traductor: Pijoan Rotger, Manuel, ed. Omega, 2006. ISBN 978-84-282-1400-1. Versión en español de la Collins Tree Guide.
-
↑ Sternberg, G., & Wilson, J. (2004). Native Trees for North American Landscapes. Portland, Oregon:Timber Press
-
↑ White, D.J. (2000). Update COSEWIC Status Report on the Cucumber Tree Magnolia acuminata in Canada. Committee on the Satus of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. Ottawa, Ontario
-
↑ «Magnolia acuminata». Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. Consultado el 8 de mayo de 2013.
-
↑ En Epítetos Botánicos
-
↑ «Magnolia acuminata». Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Consultado el 23 de agosto de 2010.
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Magnolia acuminata: Brief Summary
(
Espanhol; Castelhano
)
fornecido por wikipedia ES
Magnolia acuminata, magnolia acuminada es una especie arbórea de la familia Magnoliaceae. En una de las magnolias más grandes y más resistentes al frío. Es un gran árbol de los bosques del nordeste de Estados Unidos y sur de Ontario en Canadá. Es un árbol que tiende a encontrarse solo como ejemplar disperso y no en forma de arboledas.
![src=]()
Fruto
![src=]()
Ilustración
![src=]()
Detalle
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Magnolia acuminata
(
Francês
)
fornecido por wikipedia FR
Magnolia acuminata, Arbre à cornichons, est une espèce d'arbres de la famille des Magnoliaceae.
Description
Avec une silhouette conique, il peut atteindre une hauteur de 25 mètres. Son port est dressé puis s'étale en vieillissant. Les feuilles pointues sont vert vif sur le dessus et ont une longueur d'environ 22 centimètres. Au début de l'été, des fleurs jaune-vert d'une dizaine de centimètres apparaissent, disséminées dans le feuillage. Les fruits sont rose vif puis rouges, semblables à de petits comcombres[2].
Répartition et habitat
Cet arbre, assez rare, se trouve dans l'Est de l'Amérique du Nord, de l'Ontario à la Floride. Bien qu'il puisse donc bénéficier d'un climat doux, c'est l'un des magnolias les plus résistants au froid[2].
Historique
Envoyé par John Bartram à Peter Collinson en 1736.
Liste des variétés
Selon World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) (30 décembre 2013)[3] :
-
Magnolia acuminata (L.) L., Syst. Nat. ed. 10 (1759)
-
Magnolia acuminata var. acuminata
-
Magnolia acuminata var. subcordata (Spach) Dandy (1964)
Notes et références
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Magnolia acuminata: Brief Summary
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Francês
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fornecido por wikipedia FR
Magnolia acuminata, Arbre à cornichons, est une espèce d'arbres de la famille des Magnoliaceae.
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Magnolia acuminata
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fornecido por wikipedia LA
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Magnolia acuminata: Brief Summary
(
Latin
)
fornecido por wikipedia LA
Magnolia acuminata (Anglice: cucumber tree, cucumbertree, cucumber magnolia, blue magnolia) est una ex maximis Magnoliis, et frigore una ex robustissimis. Ea est magna Civitatum Foederatarum septentrio-orientalium et Ontarii Meridiani Canadae arbor silvatica. Sola ut specimina sparsa crescere solet, contra nemora.
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Agurkmagnolia
(
Norueguês
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fornecido por wikipedia NO
Agurkmagnolia (Magnolia acuminata) er et løvfellende tre som vokser vilt i østlige Nord-Amerika.
Det har én stamme og blir opptil 30 m høyt. Barken er grå og furet. Bladene sitter spredt, er ellipseformede til avlangt ovale, helrandede, men ofte bølgekantede, 10–25 cm lange og 4–15 cm brede. Oversiden er lyst gulgrønn og undersiden lysere og fint håret.
Blomstene er ikke så spektakulære som hos andre magnoliaarter. De er gulgrønne, dufter litt og er 6–9 cm i diameter. De består av 9–15 blomsterblad, 60–122 pollenbærere og 40–45 fruktemner. Blomstringen skjer fra tidlig april til tidlig juli. Den befruktede blomsten utvikler til en samfrukt som består av mange belgkapsler med ett eller to frø hver. Frukten minner om en agurk og er 2–7 cm lang og 0,8–2,7 cm bred. Den er rød når den blir moden seint i august eller i september.
Agurkmagnolia vokser på næringsrik og jevnt fuktig jord i åser og fjell opptil 1400 moh. Arten danner aldri rene bestander, men vokser spredt i blandingskoger dominert av eik og hickory. Her finnes den sammen med treslag som tulipantre, gul hestekastanje, romhegg, gulbjørk, sukkerbjørk, hemlokk, lind, svartvalnøtt, smørvalnøtt, kvitask, amerikabøk, sukkerlønn, rødlønn, stripelønn, alm, sumptre og weymouthfuru. I undervegetasjonen vokser blant annet virginiatrollhassel, kornell, sassafras, syretre, tresøtmispel, korsved, vin, Smilax og hagtorn.
Utbredelsen strekker langs fjellene fra vestlige New York og sørlige Ontario sørvestover til Ohio, sørlige Indiana og Illinois, videre fra sørlige Missouri sørover til sørøstlige Oklahoma og Louisiana. Den finnes østover til nordvestlige Florida og sentrale Georgia og i fjellene nordover til Pennsylvania.
Dette treet plantes i parker og hager. Det er lite brukt i Norge, men kan dyrkes til herdighetssone 3. Trevirket brukes på samme måte som tulipantre, og i tømmerhandelen skiller man ofte ikke mellom de to artene.
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Agurkmagnolia: Brief Summary
(
Norueguês
)
fornecido por wikipedia NO
Agurkmagnolia (Magnolia acuminata) er et løvfellende tre som vokser vilt i østlige Nord-Amerika.
Det har én stamme og blir opptil 30 m høyt. Barken er grå og furet. Bladene sitter spredt, er ellipseformede til avlangt ovale, helrandede, men ofte bølgekantede, 10–25 cm lange og 4–15 cm brede. Oversiden er lyst gulgrønn og undersiden lysere og fint håret.
Blomstene er ikke så spektakulære som hos andre magnoliaarter. De er gulgrønne, dufter litt og er 6–9 cm i diameter. De består av 9–15 blomsterblad, 60–122 pollenbærere og 40–45 fruktemner. Blomstringen skjer fra tidlig april til tidlig juli. Den befruktede blomsten utvikler til en samfrukt som består av mange belgkapsler med ett eller to frø hver. Frukten minner om en agurk og er 2–7 cm lang og 0,8–2,7 cm bred. Den er rød når den blir moden seint i august eller i september.
Agurkmagnolia vokser på næringsrik og jevnt fuktig jord i åser og fjell opptil 1400 moh. Arten danner aldri rene bestander, men vokser spredt i blandingskoger dominert av eik og hickory. Her finnes den sammen med treslag som tulipantre, gul hestekastanje, romhegg, gulbjørk, sukkerbjørk, hemlokk, lind, svartvalnøtt, smørvalnøtt, kvitask, amerikabøk, sukkerlønn, rødlønn, stripelønn, alm, sumptre og weymouthfuru. I undervegetasjonen vokser blant annet virginiatrollhassel, kornell, sassafras, syretre, tresøtmispel, korsved, vin, Smilax og hagtorn.
Utbredelsen strekker langs fjellene fra vestlige New York og sørlige Ontario sørvestover til Ohio, sørlige Indiana og Illinois, videre fra sørlige Missouri sørover til sørøstlige Oklahoma og Louisiana. Den finnes østover til nordvestlige Florida og sentrale Georgia og i fjellene nordover til Pennsylvania.
Dette treet plantes i parker og hager. Det er lite brukt i Norge, men kan dyrkes til herdighetssone 3. Trevirket brukes på samme måte som tulipantre, og i tømmerhandelen skiller man ofte ikke mellom de to artene.
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Magnolia drzewiasta
(
Polonês
)
fornecido por wikipedia POL
Multimedia w Wikimedia Commons Magnolia drzewiasta (Magnolia acuminata (L.) L.) – gatunek drzewa należący do rodziny magnoliowatych. Magnolia ta rośnie w Ameryce Północnej (we wschodnich stanach USA). Sprowadzona została do Europy na początku XVIII wieku. W Polsce jest czasami sadzona, jako roślina ozdobna. Przez skrzyżowanie tej magnolii z magnolią nagą (M. denudata) otrzymano magnolię brooklińską mającą piękne cytrynowożółte kwiaty. Wyhodowano również mieszańce tej magnolii z magnolią purpurową (M. liliflora) , czyli magnolię pośrednią oraz krzyżówkę z magnolią gwiaździstą (M. stellata).
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Pień magnolii drzewiastej
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Gałązka z liśćmi magnolii drzewiastej
Morfologia
-
Pokrój
- Duże drzewo. W swoim naturalnym środowisku osiąga wysokość do 30 m. Korona o stożkowym pokroju.
-
Liście
- Bardzo duże (25–30 cm), o owalnym kształcie z zaostrzonym wierzchołkiem. Górna część blaszki ciemnozielona, spodem jaśniejsze i miękko owłosione. Jesienią przebarwiają się na żółto lub brązowo.
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Kwiaty
- Z wyglądu przypominają kwiaty tulipanowca. Podobnie, jak u wszystkich magnolii brak zróżnicowania na kielich i koronę. Kwiaty o średnicy około 10 cm składają się przeważnie z 9 płatków i lekko pachną. Zewnętrzne płatki są zielone, wewnętrzne zielonożółte. W środku kwiatu liczne pręciki i słupki. Zakwita później niż inne magnolie, bo dopiero pod koniec maja lub z początkiem czerwca.
-
Owoc
- Koralowoczerwony, walcowaty owocostan złożony z licznych mieszków. Z nasion można wyhodować sadzonki. Jednak w Polsce tylko nieliczne owocostany zawierają nasiona.
-
Wymagania
- Jest znacznie bardziej wytrzymała na mróz od innych hodowanych u nas gatunków magnolii (wytrzymuje temp. do –30 °C). Również późne jej kwitnienie jest zaletą, gdyż nie przemarzają jej kwitnące kwiaty, jak zdarza się to u magnolii kwitnących wczesną wiosną.
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Magnolia drzewiasta: Brief Summary
(
Polonês
)
fornecido por wikipedia POL
Magnolia drzewiasta (Magnolia acuminata (L.) L.) – gatunek drzewa należący do rodziny magnoliowatych. Magnolia ta rośnie w Ameryce Północnej (we wschodnich stanach USA). Sprowadzona została do Europy na początku XVIII wieku. W Polsce jest czasami sadzona, jako roślina ozdobna. Przez skrzyżowanie tej magnolii z magnolią nagą (M. denudata) otrzymano magnolię brooklińską mającą piękne cytrynowożółte kwiaty. Wyhodowano również mieszańce tej magnolii z magnolią purpurową (M. liliflora) , czyli magnolię pośrednią oraz krzyżówkę z magnolią gwiaździstą (M. stellata).
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Pień magnolii drzewiastej
![src=]()
Gałązka z liśćmi magnolii drzewiastej
![src=]()
Owoce
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Magnolia acuminata
(
Romeno; moldávio; moldavo
)
fornecido por wikipedia RO
Magnolia acuminata[1] este o specie de plante din genul Magnolia, familia Magnoliaceae. A fost descrisă pentru prima dată de Carl von Linné, și a primit numele actual de la Carl von Linné.[2][3]
Subspecii
Această specie cuprinde următoarele subspecii:[2]
- M. a. acuminata
- M. a. subcordata
Referințe
-
^ L., 1759 In: Syst. Nat. ed. 10 , 2: 1082
- ^ a b Roskov Y., Kunze T., Orrell T., Abucay L., Paglinawan L., Culham A., Bailly N., Kirk P., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Decock W., De Wever A., Didžiulis V. (ed) (2014). „Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2014 Annual Checklist”. Species 2000: Reading, UK. Accesat în 26 mai 2014.Mentenanță CS1: Nume multiple: lista autorilor (link) Mentenanță CS1: Text în plus: lista autorilor (link)
-
^ WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
Legături externe
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Magnolia acuminata: Brief Summary
(
Romeno; moldávio; moldavo
)
fornecido por wikipedia RO
Magnolia acuminata este o specie de plante din genul Magnolia, familia Magnoliaceae. A fost descrisă pentru prima dată de Carl von Linné, și a primit numele actual de la Carl von Linné.
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Magnolia acuminata
(
Vietnamita
)
fornecido por wikipedia VI
Magnolia acuminata là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Magnoliaceae. Loài này được (L.) L. mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1759.[1]
Chú thích
Liên kết ngoài
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Magnolia acuminata: Brief Summary
(
Vietnamita
)
fornecido por wikipedia VI
Magnolia acuminata là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Magnoliaceae. Loài này được (L.) L. mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1759.
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Магнолия длиннозаострённая
(
Russo
)
fornecido por wikipedia русскую Википедию
Вид: Магнолия длиннозаострённая
Международное научное название
Magnolia acuminata (L.) L.
Ареал 
Систематика
на Викивидах
Изображения
на Викискладе ITIS 18071NCBI 3404EOL 1155052GRIN t:23094IPNI 554627-1TPL kew-117423 Магнолия длиннозаострённая (лат. Magnolia acuminata) — вид цветковых растений, входящий в род Магнолия (Magnolia) семейства Магнолиевые (Magnoliaceae).
Распространение и экология
В природе ареал вида охватывает Северную Америку — от берегов озера Эри на юг до Алабамы, Миссисипи и на запад до Арканзаса[2].
Обычно приурочена к горным районам, где растёт у подножия гор, по склонам, вдоль скалистых берегов горных рек совместно с лириодендроном тюльпановым (Liriodendron tulipifera), берёзой вишнёвой (Betula lenta), дубом белым (Quercus alba), ясенем американским (Fraxinus americana), клёном серебристым (Acer saccharinum) и другими породами.
Наилучшего развития достигает у подножия гор в штатах Теннесси и Южная Каролина.
Ботаническое описание
Листопадное дерево высотой до 30 м, с пирамидальной кроной и стволом диаметром до 120 см. Побеги сперва опушённые, затем голые, оливково-зелёные с буроватым оттенком; двухгодичные ветви красновато-коричневые в дальнейшем пепельно-серые. Кора на стволе глубокобороздчатая, тёмно-коричневая.
Почки длиной около 2—3 см, диаметром 0,8—1.2 см, коротко прижато опушённые. Листья эллиптические или продолговато-обратнояйцевидные, длиной 10—25 см, шириной 10—15 см, на вершине коротко заострённые, с закруглённым или клиновидным основанием, сначала с обеих сторон длинно шелковисто опушённые, затем сверху голые, светло-зелёные, снизу коротко опушённые, с выступающими жилками. Черешки тонкие, длиной 2,5—3,5 см.
Цветки острые, длиной около 2,5—3,5 см, шириной 1 см, отгибающиеся книзу, внутренние — обратнояйцевидные, выпуклые, длиной около 6—7,5 см, шириной 2,5 см; раскрываются после появления листьев.
Плод — сборная, малиново-красная, удлиненная или яйцевидная листовка длиной около 5—7,5 см и диаметром до 2,5 см.
Цветение в апреле — июне. Плодоношение в сентябре — октябре.
Значение и применение
Интродуцирована в 1736 году. Культивируется на Черноморском побережье Кавказа; в южных районах Украины (Одесса, Львов, Черновцы) всюду цветёт и плодоносит; в Санкт-Петербурге и в Эстонии (Тарту) значительно страдает от мороза и требует в молодом состоянии укрытия на зиму, цветёт, но не плодоносит.
Представляет ценность для скрещивания с другими, менее холодостойкими видами магнолий, обладающими более красивыми цветками.
Классификация
Таксономия
Вид Магнолия длиннозаострённая входит в род Магнолия (Magnolia) подсемейства Магнолиевые (Magnolioideae) семейства Магнолиевые (Magnoliaceae) порядка Магнолиецветные (Magnoliales).
ещё 5 семейств
(согласно
Системе APG II) род
Манглиетия порядок
Магнолиецветные подсемейство
Магнолиевые вид
Магнолия длиннозаострённая отдел
Цветковые, или Покрытосеменные семейство
Магнолиевые род
Магнолия ещё 44 порядка цветковых растений
(согласно
Системе APG II) подсемейство
Liriodendroidae (согласно
Системе APG II) ещё 239 видов
Представители
В рамках вида выделяют ряд разновидностей:[2]
-
Magnolia acuminata var. acuminata
-
Magnolia acuminata var. subcordata (Spach) Dandy
Примечания
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Магнолия длиннозаострённая: Brief Summary
(
Russo
)
fornecido por wikipedia русскую Википедию
Магнолия длиннозаострённая (лат. Magnolia acuminata) — вид цветковых растений, входящий в род Магнолия (Magnolia) семейства Магнолиевые (Magnoliaceae).
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Obrázky, zvuky či videa k tématu šácholan přišpičatělý ve Wikimedia Commons
Bài viết liên quan đến Bộ Mộc lan (Magnoliales) này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn. 
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