nomes no trilho de navegação
Čmelák hájový (Bombus lucorum L.) je hojný zástupce čeledi včelovitých. V České republice náleží mezi zákonem chráněné druhy.
Patří do druhové skupiny pollen storres, tzn. že dělnice ukládají pyl a med do zvláštních voskových nádob. Z uskladněných zásob později dělnice krmí larvy podobně, jak to vidíme u včel.[1]
Matka dorůstá 20 mm – 22 mm, za letu vydává vyšší tón. Čmelák hájový je celý černý se světle žlutým proužkem na přední straně hrudi, a světle žlutou páskou na 2. článku zadečku. Samec je zbarven podobně a navíc citronově jakoby ojíněný a vždy má světlé čelo.
Biologický cyklus zahajuje na jaře jako raný druh. Žije ve středně početných koloniích. Hnízdí pod zemí. Je obecně rozšířen, ale převládá ve vyšších polohách.
Obrázky, zvuky či videa k tématu čmelák hájový ve Wikimedia Commons
Čmelák hájový (Bombus lucorum L.) je hojný zástupce čeledi včelovitých. V České republice náleží mezi zákonem chráněné druhy.
Die Hellgelbe Erdhummel oder Helle Erdhummel (Bombus lucorum) ist eine in Bodennähe lebende Hummel, die in Deutschland an offenen wenig beschatteten Stellen weit verbreitet ist. Ihre ökologische Bedeutung hat sie vor allem als bestäubendes Insekt vieler Pflanzen, wovon viele auf die Erdhummeln als Bestäuber angewiesen sind.
Die Hellgelbe Erdhummel hat ihre Flugzeit von März bis Oktober und kommt in ganz Europa häufig vor. Durch ihre dichte Behaarung kann sie auch relativ niedrige Temperaturen ertragen; so kommt sie auch häufig in Höhenlagen wie z. B. den Alpen vor. Dort wie in den Tiefenlagen kommt sie meist im offenen Gelände vor.
Die Hellgelbe Erdhummel wird 9 bis 21 mm groß und besitzt zwölfgliedrige Fühler und große Mandibeln. Ihre Punktaugen (Ocellen) sitzen fast in einer geraden Linie. Der Kopfschild (Clypeus) und das Gesicht sind stets schwarz gefärbt. Die Vorderseite des Vorderkörpers (Thorax) sowie das zweite Tergit sind zitronengelb oder weißgelblich behaart. Der restliche Körper ist sonst schwarz behaart. Das vierte und das sechste Tergit sind meist orangegrau bis braun gefärbt. Die unbehaarten glänzenden Hinterschienen sind außen flach und mit einem Sammelapparat (dem Körbchen) und einem Fersenhenkel versehen. Die dichte Behaarung des Hinterleibs (Abdomen) verdeckt die Tergite, wovon überhaupt auf der Unterseite nur sechs sichtbare sind. Die Helle Erdhummel ist zudem am Ende zugespitzt. Insgesamt ist die Helle Erdhummel ähnlich gefärbt wie die Dunkle Erdhummel, weswegen die Arten im Feld äußerst schwer zu unterscheiden sind.
Die Hellgelbe Erdhummel ist ein staatenbildendes Insekt. Es bildet sowohl Arbeiterinnen, Männchen und Königinnen aus. Die Arbeiterinnen sind kleiner als die Männchen und die Königinnen. Die Königinnen beginnen im Frühjahr mit Nestbau und dem Anlegen der Brut. Dies erfolgt im Gegensatz zu manch anderen Hummeln in der Kraut- und Moosschicht. Sie kann also zu den bodenlebenden Hummeln gezählt werden. Die Brutzellen, Wachszellen, Kokons und andere Vorratsbehälter werden unregelmäßig angeordnet. Dieses Merkmal unterscheidet sie von den Honigbienen, welche die Zellen ihres Baus sehr regelmäßig anlegen. Die Eier werden in speziellen Nektarklumpen, die meist aus Pflanzenpollen bestehen, in eigens angelegte Wachszellen abgelegt, worin sich die ersten bis zu 500 einzelnen Arbeiterinnen entwickeln. Diese schlüpfen bereits im Frühjahr und übernehmen die weitere Versorgung der Brut und den Aufbau des eigentlichen Staates. Erst in den Sommermonaten entwickeln sich Männchen und Weibchen (die eigentlichen Geschlechtstiere), die sich dann paaren.
Die Hellgelbe Erdhummel oder Helle Erdhummel (Bombus lucorum) ist eine in Bodennähe lebende Hummel, die in Deutschland an offenen wenig beschatteten Stellen weit verbreitet ist. Ihre ökologische Bedeutung hat sie vor allem als bestäubendes Insekt vieler Pflanzen, wovon viele auf die Erdhummeln als Bestäuber angewiesen sind.
Bombus lucorum, the white-tailed bumblebee, is a species of bumblebee, widespread and common throughout Europe. This name has been widely used for a range of nearly identical-looking or cryptic species of bumblebees. In 1983, Scholl and Obrecht even coined the term Bombus lucorum complex to explain the three taxa (B. lucorum, Bombus magnus, and Bombus cryptarum) that cannot be easily differentiated from one another by their appearances.[2] A recent review of all of these species worldwide has helped to clarify its distribution in Europe and northern Asia, almost to the Pacific.[3] B. lucorum reaches the Barents Sea in the North. However, in southern Europe, although found in Greece[4] it is an upland species with its distribution never quite reaching the Mediterranean.[5]
Compared to other bumblebee species, the individuals of B. lucorum have shorter tongues, and this characteristic enable them to rob nectar. The worker bee uses the horny sheath around its tongue to make a hole through the flower, reaching the nectar without entering the flower. Therefore, the worker bee does not come in contact with the pollen while getting the nectar.
Bombus lucorum is part of the order Hymenoptera which consists of ants, bees, wasps, and sawflies, and the family Apidae which comprises bees. It is also part of the genus Bombus which consists of bumblebees, and the subgenus Bombus sensu stricto, which contains five species in Europe: B. terrestris, B. sporadicus, B. lucorum, B. magnus, and B. cryptarum.[2] B. lucorum is closely related to B. terrestris, B. cryptarum, and B. magnus, with only few subtle differences in their morphologies.[6]
Bombus lucorum is a large bumblebee, with the queen having a length of 18–22 mm (0.71–0.87 in),[7] a wingspan of around 36 mm (1.4 in), and a weight of 0.46-0.70 g. The workers are smaller than the queens, with a length of 12–18 mm and weight of 0.04-0.32 g. The males are 16-18mm in size and differ more in their appearance from the queens with their yellow noses and larger amounts of yellow hairs. The species has a short proboscis. The predominant color is black, with a pale yellow collar, a yellow band on the second tergite (abdominal segment), and a white tail. Both darker and paler forms exist.[8][9][10] The males vary in color more than the females. The darker males are mostly found in northernmost Fennoscandia, southwestern Norway, and on the island of Gotland in the Baltic.[11]
The nests of B. lucorum can be found underground and may be very large, containing up to 400 workers.[8] Often, they are abandoned nests of old mice or vole. In the nest, the queen makes a circular chamber where she builds a wax egg cell in which she lays her first batch of eggs. The eggs are laid on a layer of pollen and then covered again with a wax layer.[12]
In the United Kingdom, where the species is very common, they prefer to have their nests facing south for extra warmth.[9]
Bombus lucorum is distributed widely and can be found in the Palearctic (including Japan), Oriental, Arctic, and western Nearctic realms. It is more common in more northern parts. It also can be found in Iceland, where it was probably introduced by humans, and Britain.[10] Its habitats include coastal, farmland, grassland, heathland, towns, gardens, upland, and woodland edges. The species can be found most anywhere where there are flowers for food.[13]
Bombus lucorum is one of the first species of bumblebees to emerge from hibernation. The hibernating queen emerges as early as February,[7] but in southern Britain, they usually emerge in March.[8] They usually can be found flying near the ground, looking for holes that are suitable for their new nests. They will also forage on flowers to create reserves for their new nests. They will have pollen loads on their hindlegs when they are ready to establish a colony. The workers start to emerge sometime between late March and mid May. A colony can have as many as 400 workers.[7] The males emerge later, starting in August.[9] As in many other bumblebee species, the males fly in a low patrolling circuit, depositing pheromones on grass to attract young queens.[8] The new queens mate with these males, and when the old queen and the males die in Autumn, they hibernate to start the colony cycle again the next spring[13]
During their pre-mating behavior, males scent-mark prominent objects in their flight paths with a species-specific sex pheromone.[14] Then, they fly along these paths, showing patrolling behavior, in order to mate with females that come to the path due to their attraction to the pheromone.[15]
Males produce pheromones in the cephalic part of the labial gland, and they mark objects in their flight paths with the volatile components of the gland secretion.[14] This secretion is a complex mixture of sixty compounds of which 53% is ethyl (z)-tetradec-9-enoate, ethyl esters of fatty acids. Other components include ethyl dodecanoate (6%), ethyl tetradecanoate (2%), ethyl (Z)-hexadec-9-enoate (4%), ethyl (Z)-octadec-9-enoate (2%), hexadecan-1-ol (4%), (Z,Z,Z)-octadeca-9,12,15-trien-1-ol (1%), and (Z)-hexadec-7-enal (2%).[16] The biosynthetic pathway of the pheromones is not well known, but it was suggested that they are produced from common lipids in the body.[17] Young and old males of B. lucorum have similar quantities of labial gland secretions because the secretory activity continues throughout their lifetime with no dependence on age.[14]
The term "Bombus lucorum complex" was coined by Scholl and Obrecht in 1983 to explain the complex of three taxa (B. lucorum, Bombus magnus, and Bombus cryptarum) that cannot be easily differentiated from one another by their morphological characteristics. However, they can be distinguished using mitochondrial gene sequences and male pheromones. For example, B. lucorum can be identified by its main substance of the male labial gland secretion called ethyl tetradec-9-enoate.[2][18]
Bombus magnus queens are bigger than B. lucorum queens in their size. Also, the size of their yellow collar on thorax are larger than those of B. lucorum queens. However, the workers of the two species are basically indistinguishable.[11]
Similar to B. magnus, the yellow collar of B. cryptarum extends further below the wing than that of B. lucorum. Also, it has a thin "S"-shaped line of black hairs through its yellow collar. In addition, the queens of B. cryptarum emerge before B. magnus or B. lucorum during the colony initiation.[2]
Bombus lucorum was separated from B. terrestris in the beginning of 20th century because of their morphological differences, male labial gland secretions, and mitochondrial DNA markers.[18] While the workers of B. terrestris and B. lucorum are basically indistinguishable by their appearances as the queens of the two species have few identifiable differences in their morphologies. At the end of the abdomen, B. terrestris queens have orange hairs while those of B. lucorum have white hairs, from which their common name originated. Also, the yellow thorax hairs of B. terrestris have a tint of dull orange while those of B. lucorum are more lemon yellow in color.[9] The width of the collar in B. terrestris workers is narrower than that in B. lucorum workers, and B. terrestris have very small dots in the ocellus-orbital-area and in the surface structure of the second tergite rim. However, all these morphological differences are too subtle to be reliable in differentiating between the two species, and only by using their genetic characteristics can they be identified reliably.[6]
A species of bumblebees called B. lucorum in China is not the same species as B. lucorum in Europe. The labial gland secretions of male bumblebees can be divided into two different types according to the biochemical pathways that synthesize the compounds. The two types are PP type secretions that contain only fatty acid derivatives and PP + MAP type secretions that contain fatty acid derivatives and mevalonic acid derivatives in the form of acyclic diterpenes. It was found that the European B. lucorum contains PP type secretions while Chinese B. lucorum contains PP + MAP type secretions. They would be very difficult to tell apart solely on their morphological characteristics but they can be identified according to the different types of male labial gland secretions.[18]
B. bohemicus is a species of cuckoo bees that lay eggs in the nest of a host species. B. lucorum often become the host for B. bohemicus, and because B. lucorum is fairly common in Europe, B. bohemicus also does well there. [9][19]
After the queens emerge from their hibernation, they forage on flowers including crocus, Erica, Mahonia, white and red deadnettles, Prunus, flowering currant and bluebells.[7] However, the bees forage on many other flowers, including many garden plants, such as lavender, Hebe, Rhododendron, deadnettles, thistles, and vetches,[8] as well as ceanothus, wall flower, campanula, privet, sage, Hypericum, bramble, red bartsia, clovers, lupins, honeysuckle, sedum, knapweed, Buddleia, viper's bugloss, and trefoils, and comfrey.[7]
Compared to other bumblebee species, the individuals of B. lucorum have short tongues. Therefore, they tend to forage on flowers with short corollas and daisy-type flowers. However, because of their shorter tongues, they also developed a method of "robbing nectar." To rob nectar, the worker uses the horny sheath around its tongue to make a hole through the flower. Then, it will reach the nectar without entering the flower. By getting the nectar this way, the worker bee does not come in contact with the pollen and thus does not pollinate the flower. The flower is not only "robbed" of its nectar but also left with a hole for other insects to reach nectar as a result.[9]
Bombus lucorum, the white-tailed bumblebee, is a species of bumblebee, widespread and common throughout Europe. This name has been widely used for a range of nearly identical-looking or cryptic species of bumblebees. In 1983, Scholl and Obrecht even coined the term Bombus lucorum complex to explain the three taxa (B. lucorum, Bombus magnus, and Bombus cryptarum) that cannot be easily differentiated from one another by their appearances. A recent review of all of these species worldwide has helped to clarify its distribution in Europe and northern Asia, almost to the Pacific. B. lucorum reaches the Barents Sea in the North. However, in southern Europe, although found in Greece it is an upland species with its distribution never quite reaching the Mediterranean.
Compared to other bumblebee species, the individuals of B. lucorum have shorter tongues, and this characteristic enable them to rob nectar. The worker bee uses the horny sheath around its tongue to make a hole through the flower, reaching the nectar without entering the flower. Therefore, the worker bee does not come in contact with the pollen while getting the nectar.
Maakimalane (Bombus lucorum) on mesilaslaste sugukonda kuuluv putukas.
Ta on Eestis arvatud III kaitsekategooriasse.[1]
Eestis kuulub maakimalane koos põld- ja kivikimalasega kolme kõige arvukama liigi hulka.[2]
Maakimalased teevad oma pesa maa alla[3].
Maakimalane (Bombus lucorum) on mesilaslaste sugukonda kuuluv putukas.
Ta on Eestis arvatud III kaitsekategooriasse.
Eestis kuulub maakimalane koos põld- ja kivikimalasega kolme kõige arvukama liigi hulka.
Maakimalased teevad oma pesa maa alla.
Mantukimalainen (Bombus lucorum) on Suomen yleisin kimalaislaji. Se on Suomen noin 30 kimalaislajista suurin yhdessä kivikkokimalaisen (Bombus lapidarius) kanssa.[1] Kuningattaren pituus voi olla jopa 2,5 cm. Mantukimalaisen tuntomerkkeinä ovat musta pohjaväri, jossa ovat etuselän ja takaruumiin keskiosan keltaiset "vyöt" ja peräpään valkoinen "vyö". Laji on yleinen koko Suomessa ja kulttuurialueilla sitä näkee mm. kukkaistutuksissa ja nurmikoilla apiloiden mettä keräämässä. Muun muassa apiloille ovatkin kimalaiset erittäin tärkeitä pölyttäjiä. Mantukimalaiselle maistuu hyvin monenlaisten kukkien mesi. Sitä voi nähdä mitä erilaisimpien kukkien vieraana. Lajin hedelmöityneet naaraat talvehtivat. Joskus ensimmäiset yksilöt lentävät jo maaliskuussa etsimässä mettä. Mantukimalaisten pesät sijaitsevat maakoloissa.
Kimalaislajit muistuttavat kovasti toisiaan. Tästä on lisätietoa artikkelissa Kimalaiset.
Mantukimalainen (Bombus lucorum) on Suomen yleisin kimalaislaji. Se on Suomen noin 30 kimalaislajista suurin yhdessä kivikkokimalaisen (Bombus lapidarius) kanssa. Kuningattaren pituus voi olla jopa 2,5 cm. Mantukimalaisen tuntomerkkeinä ovat musta pohjaväri, jossa ovat etuselän ja takaruumiin keskiosan keltaiset "vyöt" ja peräpään valkoinen "vyö". Laji on yleinen koko Suomessa ja kulttuurialueilla sitä näkee mm. kukkaistutuksissa ja nurmikoilla apiloiden mettä keräämässä. Muun muassa apiloille ovatkin kimalaiset erittäin tärkeitä pölyttäjiä. Mantukimalaiselle maistuu hyvin monenlaisten kukkien mesi. Sitä voi nähdä mitä erilaisimpien kukkien vieraana. Lajin hedelmöityneet naaraat talvehtivat. Joskus ensimmäiset yksilöt lentävät jo maaliskuussa etsimässä mettä. Mantukimalaisten pesät sijaitsevat maakoloissa.
Bombus lucorum, communément appelé Bourdon des saussaies et, parfois, Petit bourdon terrestre, par sa ressemblance avec Bombus terrestris, est une espèce de bourdons qui est répandue et commune dans le Royaume-Uni et l'Europe[3].
Bombus lucorum est un bourdon de grande taille, la reine ayant une longueur allant de 18 à 22 millimètres. Les travailleurs sont généralement très petits. L'espèce a une langue assez courte. La couleur prédominante est le noir, avec un collier jaune pâle, une autre bande jaune sur le deuxième tergite (segment abdominal), et une queue blanche[4].
Selon NCBI (5 avril 2020)[2] :
La reine en hibernation se réveille vers mars. Le nid, qui peut être très grand (jusqu'à 400 travailleurs), est généralement construit sous terre dans des nids de rongeurs désaffectés. Ce bourdon visite beaucoup de fleurs : les lavandes, les chardons, les rhododendrons, des vesces[4]…
Bombus lucorum, communément appelé Bourdon des saussaies et, parfois, Petit bourdon terrestre, par sa ressemblance avec Bombus terrestris, est une espèce de bourdons qui est répandue et commune dans le Royaume-Uni et l'Europe.
Húshumla (fræðiheiti: Bombus lucorum) er tegund af humlum, útbreidd og algeng um Evrópu. Fræðiheitið er víða notað yfir nauðalíkar og illaðgreinanlegar tegundir af humlum. Jafnvel svo að 1983, Scholl og Obrecht gerðu Bombus lucorum complex til að útskýra þrjár tegundir (B. lucorum, Bombus magnus, and Bombus cryptarum) sem eru illaðgreinanlegar í útliti.[1] Nýleg endurskoðun á öllum þessum tegundum hefur útskýrt hvernig útbreiðslan er í Evrópu og Norður Asíu, næstum yfir að Kyrrahafi.[2] B. lucorum nær að Barentshafi í norðri. Hinsvegar í suður Evrópu er hún hálendistegund með útbreiðslu sem nær aldrei alveg að Miðjarðarhafi.[3]
Í samanburði við aðrar humlutegundir eru húshumlur með styttri tungu sem hentar á blóm með grunnan botn eins og fífla og baldursbrár. Þær nota hana einnig til að ræna blómasafa úr blómum með dýpri blómbotn. Vinnubýin nota harða hornhulsu um tunguna til að gera holu í blómið, svo þær ná safanum án þess komast í snertingu við frjóin. Þar af leiðandi frjóvgar hún ekki blómið.
Hún er nýlegur landnemi á Íslandi.[4]
Bombus lucorum tilheyrir ættkvísl hunangsflugna (Bombus) og undirættinni Bombus sensu stricto, sem telur fimm tegundir í Evrópu: B. terrestris, B. sporadicus, B. lucorum, B. magnus og B. cryptarum.[1] B. lucorum er skyldust B. terrestris, B. cryptarum, og B. magnus, með örfáum ilggreinanlegum einkennum til að skilja þær í sundur.[5]
Húshumla (fræðiheiti: Bombus lucorum) er tegund af humlum, útbreidd og algeng um Evrópu. Fræðiheitið er víða notað yfir nauðalíkar og illaðgreinanlegar tegundir af humlum. Jafnvel svo að 1983, Scholl og Obrecht gerðu Bombus lucorum complex til að útskýra þrjár tegundir (B. lucorum, Bombus magnus, and Bombus cryptarum) sem eru illaðgreinanlegar í útliti. Nýleg endurskoðun á öllum þessum tegundum hefur útskýrt hvernig útbreiðslan er í Evrópu og Norður Asíu, næstum yfir að Kyrrahafi. B. lucorum nær að Barentshafi í norðri. Hinsvegar í suður Evrópu er hún hálendistegund með útbreiðslu sem nær aldrei alveg að Miðjarðarhafi.
Í samanburði við aðrar humlutegundir eru húshumlur með styttri tungu sem hentar á blóm með grunnan botn eins og fífla og baldursbrár. Þær nota hana einnig til að ræna blómasafa úr blómum með dýpri blómbotn. Vinnubýin nota harða hornhulsu um tunguna til að gera holu í blómið, svo þær ná safanum án þess komast í snertingu við frjóin. Þar af leiðandi frjóvgar hún ekki blómið.
Hún er nýlegur landnemi á Íslandi.
De veldhommel (Bombus lucorum), soms foutief kleine veldhommel genoemd, is een soort van de aardhommel-groep die veel op de aardhommel lijkt, maar citroenkleurige strepen in plaats van okerkleurige bezit.
Lys jordhumle eller liten jordhumle, ofte bare jordhumle (Bombus lucorum) er en vanlig humleart over det meste av landet. Om den ikke er vår vanligste humleart, så er den ganske sikkert vår best kjente humleart med sine gule og sorte bånd. Den er stor til middels stor og har kort tunge.
Lys jordhumle er sort med to sitrongule bånd, et på brystet og et på bakkroppen. Bakkroppsspissen er hvit. Noen ganger er det første gule båndet redusert eller helt fraværende. Liten jordhumle kan forveksles med en rekke arter som stor jordhumle (B. terrestris), Taigahumle (B. sporadicus), Kragehumle (B. magnus) og blåklokkehumle (B. soroensis). Men har normalt mer rufset pels og mer sitrongul pels enn stor jordhumle. Liten jordhumle har lysere og kortere vinger enn taigahumlen og er større enn blåklokkehumla. Arten skiller seg fra kragehumlen som har bredere gule striper, og kragehumlens første bånd går mye lengre ned under vingeknutene enn hos liten jordhumle.
Målene kan variere, og særlig lengden er unøyaktig da bakkroppen kan trekkes sammen eller strekkes ut.
Dronninger: Lengde 18–21 mm, Vingespenn: 36–39 mm
Arbeidere: Lengde 9–16 mm, Vingespenn: 20–33 mm
Hanner: Lengde 14–16 mm, Vingespenn: 29–33 mm
Lys jordhumle bygger nesten alltid sine bol nede i jorda i et musebol nede i en musegang. Men vi kan finne bolet på andre steder også, men det helt typiske er nede i jorda, og derav navnet.
Vi finner liten jordhumle over hele Norge.
Lys jordhumle eller liten jordhumle, ofte bare jordhumle (Bombus lucorum) er en vanlig humleart over det meste av landet. Om den ikke er vår vanligste humleart, så er den ganske sikkert vår best kjente humleart med sine gule og sorte bånd. Den er stor til middels stor og har kort tunge.
Ljus jordhumla (Bombus lucorum) är en insekt i överfamiljen bin (Apoidea). Även kallad liten jordhumla eller, tidigare, lundhumla[2].
Humlan förekommer i större delen av Europa, inklusive Island (där den dock troligtvis är införd[3]), norrut till Barents hav. I södra delen lever den dock endast i höglänta områden, och når aldrig Medelhavets kust.[4] Utanför Europa förekommer den även i Asien till Japan samt västra Nordamerika.[3] Den är mycket vanlig i hela Sverige med undantag för kalfjället.[5]
Den ljusa jordhumlan är en medelstor, mycket korttungad humla. Drottningen blir 18–21 millimeter lång, arbetaren 9–16 millimeter och hanen 14–16 millimeter[6]. Den är svart med gul krage och ett gult band långt framme på bakkroppen samt med vit bakkroppsspets. Hanen har en gul fläck på nosen, vanligen bredare krage än honorna och gråare bakkropp.[7] Humlan är till förväxling lik kragjordhumla och skogsjordhumla.[5]
Arten är vanlig i framför allt skogsmarker, men också i trädgårdar, på ängar och ljunghedar. Näringsväxter är fruktträd, blåbär, lingon, hallon, ljung, timjan, sälg, maskros, midsommarblomster och vädd.[5] Det är vanligt att humlorna biter hål i nektargömmet på blommor som de med sin korta tunga inte kan nå ner i på vanligt sätt.[8]
Boet inrättas ofta i övergivna sorkbon under jord.[5] Det är stort, kan nå upp till 400 arbetare.[8]
Hanarna patrullerar en bestämd bana under sökandet efter parningsvilliga ungdrottningar. Banan följer ofta naturliga linjer i landskapet, som kanten på fält och liknande. Hanarna flyger lågt och pausar ofta för att avsätta feromoner på gräs i terrängen.[8]
Wikispecies har information om Bombus lucorum.
Ljus jordhumla (Bombus lucorum) är en insekt i överfamiljen bin (Apoidea). Även kallad liten jordhumla eller, tidigare, lundhumla.
Північна половина Євразії від Скандинавії і Західної Європи до Кавказу та Середньої Азії, північно-західні області Північної Америки, Сибір до Забайкалля[1].
Вид поширений по всій території України[2].
Короткохоботковий. Довжина тіла у самців 11-22 мм, у самок 19-22 мм[3].
Евритопний вид. Широкий полілект. Мешкає в розріджених лісах, особливо на лісових галявинах. Гнізда влаштовує в норах дрібних гризунів, у порожнинах під корінням дерев, пнів і в купинах[4]. Відмічений на рослинах родини бобові[5].
Bombus lucorum là một loài ong trong họ Apidae. Loài này được Linnaeus miêu tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1761.[1]
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Bombus lucorum là một loài ong trong họ Apidae. Loài này được Linnaeus miêu tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1761.
Норовой шмель (лат. Bombus lucorum) — вид шмелей.
Самки имеют длину 19—22 мм, рабочие — 10—15 мм и самцы — 11—22 мм. По окраске шмель норовой похож на земляного шмеля (Bombus terrestris), но желтоватое опушение передней части спинки и на 2-м тергите брюшка светлее.
Европа, Азия, Северная Америка (от тундры до пустынь и тропиков). Один из самых широко распространённых видов рода.
Включён в Красные книги Республики Мордовия и Челябинской области[1].
Bombus lucorum на цветке Echinops ritro
Bombus lucorum
Bombus terrestris или B. lucorum и Autographa gamma
Bombus terrestris или B. lucorum и Autographa gamma
Bombus terrestris или B. lucorum и Autographa gamma
Bombus lucorum, Mainz, ФРГ
Bombus lucorum, Mainz, ФРГ
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