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Imagem de Microcavia australis (I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire & d'Orbigny 1833)
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Microcavia australis (I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire & d'Orbigny 1833)

Distribution ( Inglês )

fornecido por Animal Diversity Web

Southern cavies, Microcavia austrialis, are found in Argentina, southern Chile, and southern Bolivia. In central Argentina the species is the most abundant of the Caviinae in semiarid thornbush habitats but the species is not found in the humid northeastern provinces. These animals are often found in the Monte and Patagonian deserts.

Biogeographic Regions: neotropical (Native )

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citação bibliográfica
Chartier, K. 2004. "Microcavia australis" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Microcavia_australis.html
autor
Kristina Chartier, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
editor
Chris Yahnke, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
editor
Nancy Shefferly, Animal Diversity Web
original
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Benefits ( Inglês )

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There are no data available allowing assessment of the impact of this species on human economies.

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Chartier, K. 2004. "Microcavia australis" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Microcavia_australis.html
autor
Kristina Chartier, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
editor
Chris Yahnke, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
editor
Nancy Shefferly, Animal Diversity Web
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
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Benefits ( Inglês )

fornecido por Animal Diversity Web

The negative impact of this species on human economies has not been detailed in the literature.

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citação bibliográfica
Chartier, K. 2004. "Microcavia australis" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Microcavia_australis.html
autor
Kristina Chartier, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
editor
Chris Yahnke, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
editor
Nancy Shefferly, Animal Diversity Web
original
visite a fonte
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Conservation Status ( Inglês )

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At this time the animal is not threatened, endangered or exploited. It is not listed by CITES or IUCN.

US Federal List: no special status

CITES: no special status

IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: least concern

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cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
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The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors
citação bibliográfica
Chartier, K. 2004. "Microcavia australis" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Microcavia_australis.html
autor
Kristina Chartier, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
editor
Chris Yahnke, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
editor
Nancy Shefferly, Animal Diversity Web
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
Animal Diversity Web

Behavior ( Inglês )

fornecido por Animal Diversity Web

The vocalizations of M. australis include an alarm "tsit," a "twitter" when they are annoyed, and a "shriek" for fear. They also use olfactory cues during mating season. There is obvious tactile communication between rival males, as well as between males and females during mating. Although not reported, visual cues, such as body postures, are probably important in this diurnal species.

Communication Channels: visual ; tactile ; acoustic ; chemical

Perception Channels: visual ; tactile ; acoustic ; chemical

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citação bibliográfica
Chartier, K. 2004. "Microcavia australis" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Microcavia_australis.html
autor
Kristina Chartier, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
editor
Chris Yahnke, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
editor
Nancy Shefferly, Animal Diversity Web
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
Animal Diversity Web

Associations ( Inglês )

fornecido por Animal Diversity Web

Microcavia australis helps maintain the plants that they utilize as shelter and a food source including, Argentinean thornbushes, Cochinus fasciculatus, Condalia microphylla, and Lycium gilliesianum.

In addition to effects on plant communities, this species may have impact on other mammal populations. Cavia and Microcavia never occur in the same area, possibly because of niche overlap. Competition between Galea and Microcavia seems to be minimized by the utilization of different foraging tactics.

Finally, this species provides an important part of local food webs. Raptors as well as South American weasals are reported to prey upon M. australis, although it is likely that they are taken by a much wider variety of predators.

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cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors
citação bibliográfica
Chartier, K. 2004. "Microcavia australis" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Microcavia_australis.html
autor
Kristina Chartier, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
editor
Chris Yahnke, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
editor
Nancy Shefferly, Animal Diversity Web
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
Animal Diversity Web

Trophic Strategy ( Inglês )

fornecido por Animal Diversity Web

Microcavia australis is a diurnal herbivore. They prefer leaves and are active climbers.

Plant Foods: leaves; roots and tubers; seeds, grains, and nuts

Primary Diet: herbivore (Folivore )

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citação bibliográfica
Chartier, K. 2004. "Microcavia australis" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Microcavia_australis.html
autor
Kristina Chartier, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
editor
Chris Yahnke, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
editor
Nancy Shefferly, Animal Diversity Web
original
visite a fonte
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Animal Diversity Web

Habitat ( Inglês )

fornecido por Animal Diversity Web

Microcavia australis uses clumps of thornbush for cover, and may also use runways that it makes through the open areas. These animals dig shallow depressions under the thornbushes, which have been cleared of debris, and use these as a safe place to sleep or rest. Microcavia australis has also been found in burrows dug in the same area. The areas that this species utilizes for burrows are under bushes with a broad canopy that is low to the ground.

Habitat Regions: temperate ; tropical

Terrestrial Biomes: desert or dune ; chaparral

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cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors
citação bibliográfica
Chartier, K. 2004. "Microcavia australis" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Microcavia_australis.html
autor
Kristina Chartier, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
editor
Chris Yahnke, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
editor
Nancy Shefferly, Animal Diversity Web
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
Animal Diversity Web

Life Expectancy ( Inglês )

fornecido por Animal Diversity Web

Maximum life expectancy in the wild is about 3 to 4 years, and can be up to 8 years in captivity.

Range lifespan
Status: wild:
3 to 4 hours.

Range lifespan
Status: captivity:
8 (high) years.

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cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors
citação bibliográfica
Chartier, K. 2004. "Microcavia australis" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Microcavia_australis.html
autor
Kristina Chartier, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
editor
Chris Yahnke, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
editor
Nancy Shefferly, Animal Diversity Web
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
Animal Diversity Web

Morphology ( Inglês )

fornecido por Animal Diversity Web

Microcavia australis has a body that is short and robust with a head that makes up about 1/3 of the head-body length. Head-body length averages 22 cm, and no tail is present. Adults weigh about 300 g. Microcavia australis is a ground-dwelling hystricomorph rodent. Its coat is a course, dark agouti, from brown to a grayish-color. There is a prominent white ring around the eye. The species is known to have fairly large eyes and big ears, which are close to the head. The forefeet are strong and flat, usually with four digits, each ending with a sharp claw. The hind feet have three elongated digits with claws.

This animal uses pedal locomotion, which is when the animal walks on its soles and has its heels touching the ground. The hair sheds easily when these animals are handled. Incisors are short, and the cheek teeth are constantly growing.

Range mass: 0.250 to 0.300 kg.

Average mass: 0.280 kg.

Average length: 22 cm.

Other Physical Features: endothermic ; homoiothermic; bilateral symmetry

Sexual Dimorphism: sexes alike

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citação bibliográfica
Chartier, K. 2004. "Microcavia australis" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Microcavia_australis.html
autor
Kristina Chartier, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
editor
Chris Yahnke, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
editor
Nancy Shefferly, Animal Diversity Web
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
Animal Diversity Web

Associations ( Inglês )

fornecido por Animal Diversity Web

Microcavia australis is prey for South American weasels and large raptors. Microcavia australis never stray more than 4 meters from cover, which probably helps to reduce predation from raptors. The burrow system also helps prevent predation by raptors, but does little to deter weasels.

Known Predators:

  • South American weasels (Galictis cuja)
  • raptors (Falconiformes and Strigiformes)
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cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors
citação bibliográfica
Chartier, K. 2004. "Microcavia australis" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Microcavia_australis.html
autor
Kristina Chartier, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
editor
Chris Yahnke, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
editor
Nancy Shefferly, Animal Diversity Web
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
Animal Diversity Web

Reproduction ( Inglês )

fornecido por Animal Diversity Web

Microcavia australis is polygynous. Males become very aggressive during reproduction in the wild. As a result, there is usually only one male in a group of females.

Mating System: polygynous

Microcavia australis males become very aggressive during mating in the wild. As a result there is usually only one male in a group of females. He will sometimes form a temporary association with the female and her young and follow her around, nose to rump, especially if the female is in estrus. However if any two breeding males come in to contact it almost always involves aggression. This can be especially evident when a female is close to giving birth. Males gather around her, and show aggression to one another. Immediately after the young are born, as many as six males may pursue the female.

In Argentina breeding takes place between August to April. Gestation lasts for between 50 and 75 days. Litters typically contain about three young.

The young of M. austrialis are precocious. They weigh about 30 grams at birth and are able to run and eat solid food during the first day of life. The average weaning time is about three weeks of age. Interestingly, the young will nurse from any female that is lactating at the time.

Females are polyesterous, and have a postpartum estrus immediately after giving birth. A female may be able to mate again within 15 days if fertilization does not occur. The females become reproductively mature at about 1 to 3 months of age.

The adults of both sexes tolerate young animals up to 1 month old. At this time, apparently the young are expelled from the group and become totally independent.

Breeding interval: With a gestation period of 50 to 70 days, these animals are capable of producing one litter every months two during breeding season.

Breeding season: In Argentina breeding takes place between August and April.

Range number of offspring: 1 to 5.

Range gestation period: 50 to 75 days.

Average gestation period: 54 days.

Average weaning age: 21 days.

Average time to independence: 1 months.

Range age at sexual or reproductive maturity (female): 40 to 50 days.

Range age at sexual or reproductive maturity (male): 40 to 50 days.

Key Reproductive Features: iteroparous ; seasonal breeding ; gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual ; fertilization ; viviparous ; post-partum estrous

The young of this species are precocious, and parental care does not last very long. Neonates have eyes open, can eat solid food, walk, and run, all from birth. The mother weens young at about 3 weeks. Young animals sometimes nurse from a female other than their own mother. Young become independant at about one month of age. Males do not contribute to parental care in this species.

Parental Investment: no parental involvement; precocial ; pre-fertilization (Protecting: Female); pre-hatching/birth (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Female); pre-weaning/fledging (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Female); pre-independence (Protecting: Female)

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cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors
citação bibliográfica
Chartier, K. 2004. "Microcavia australis" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Microcavia_australis.html
autor
Kristina Chartier, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
editor
Chris Yahnke, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
editor
Nancy Shefferly, Animal Diversity Web
original
visite a fonte
site do parceiro
Animal Diversity Web

Distribution ( Espanhol; Castelhano )

fornecido por IABIN
Chile Central
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Universidad de Santiago de Chile
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Pablo Gutierrez
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Microcavia australis ( Asturiano )

fornecido por wikipedia AST

El cuis (Microcavia australis), tamién conocíu como cuy, cuye o apereá, ye una especie de royedor de la familia Caviidae qu'habita estenses árees de la Arxentina, y Chile. El nome cuy tamién s'aplica a otru royedores de la mesma familia, especialmente a Cavia porcellus, de más amplia distribución xeográfica.

Etimoloxía

El nome del xéneru, Microcavia, alude a la semeyanza morfolóxica d'estos animales colos representantes del xéneru Cavia, pero de tamañu menor ("micro"). L'epítetu australis significa "del sur", pol hábitat de la especie.

Los cuises popularmente suelen ser confundíos coles apereás yá que, ello ye que los falantes d'idioma quechua llamaben quwi a toos esti royedores, al igual que los falantes de guaraní.

Carauterístiques

Los machos adultos pesen ente 200 y 330 gramos y miden ente 170 y 245mm. Tienen pelame curtia de color gris amarellentáu, con abdome pálidu, y grandes güeyos arrodiaos por un aniellu de color blancu, pelo blancuciu, oreyes arrondaes y una cola desnuda bien curtia.

Hábitat y distribución

La especie habita n'llanures desérticas o semidesérticas y en valles. Si inclúyese'l rangu de los trés subespecies, l'hábitat estender dende la provincia de Jujuy hasta la de Santa Cruz, n'Arxentina, Chile, y seique delles llocalidaes del sur de Bolivia.

Reproducción

Les femes usualmente entren en celu a los 40 o 50 díes d'edá, pero inda nun son aptes pa concebir. El ciclu del estro puede durar 15 díes. El periodu de xestación ye de 55 díes. Les camaes pueden ser d'ente 2 a 5 críes en promediu.

Alimentación

Alimentar con fueyes, retueyos, frutes y flores. Pueden engatar árboles hasta 4 m d'altor, pa comer les fueyes y biltos. Reparóse qu'en dómines d'estrema seca, pueden llegar a comer la corteza d'árboles y parrotales como'l chañar y la jarilla, afectando la supervivencia d'estes especies vexetales.

Comportamientu

L'actividá del animal ye principalmente diurna, y de nueche abelugar en cueves so carbes, que cava en suelos blandos.

Les rellaciones ente machos adultos son de fuerte competencia y agresividá, polo que les colonies presenten parámetros de conducta xerárquicos, con grupos estructuraos alredor d'un machu dominante nos que l'agresión produz la continua dispersión de les poblaciones.

Los individuos collaboren na comunidá; nel casu de femes, reparóse la crianza común de cachorros, y en tiempu fríu acurrúquense xuntos pa caltener el calor.

El sistema de llurigues ye sofitáu por una estrema fidelidá individual; en casu de persecución, el cuis cava en distintos llugares pa despintase ensin ingresar a la lluriga común.

Subespecies

Referencies

  1. Pardinas, O. & Ojeda., R. 2008. Microcavia australis. In: IUCN 2010. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2010.4. . Downloaded on 01 March 2011
  • Thomas, O. 1929. The mammals of Señor Budin’s Patagonian expedition, 1927–28. Annals and Magacín of Natural History, Series 10.

Enllaces esternos

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Microcavia australis: Brief Summary ( Asturiano )

fornecido por wikipedia AST

El cuis (Microcavia australis), tamién conocíu como cuy, cuye o apereá, ye una especie de royedor de la familia Caviidae qu'habita estenses árees de la Arxentina, y Chile. El nome cuy tamién s'aplica a otru royedores de la mesma familia, especialmente a Cavia porcellus, de más amplia distribución xeográfica.

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Wikipedia authors and editors
original
visite a fonte
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wikipedia AST

Microcavia australis ( Catalão; Valenciano )

fornecido por wikipedia CA

Microcavia australis, també conegut localment com a cuy, cuye o apereá, és una espècie de rosegador de la família dels càvids que habita extenses àrees de l'Argentina, Bolívia i Xile. El nom cuy també s'aplica a altres rosegadors de la mateixa família, especialment a Cavia porcellus, que té una distribució geogràfica més àamplia.

 src= A Wikimedia Commons hi ha contingut multimèdia relatiu a: Microcavia australis Modifica l'enllaç a Wikidata
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Südliches Zwergmeerschweinchen ( Alemão )

fornecido por wikipedia DE

Das Südliche Zwergmeerschweinchen (Microcavia australis) ist eine Art der Zwergmeerschweinchen innerhalb der Familie der Meerschweinchen. Die Art kommt in drei Unterarten im nördlichen, westlichen und südlichen Argentinien sowie im benachbarten Chile vor. Dabei handelt es sich um die am besten bekannte und erforschte Art von drei bekannten Arten der Gattung, die die kleinsten Vertreter der Meerschweinchen enthält.

Merkmale

Das Südliche Zwergmeerschweinchen erreicht eine Kopf-Rumpf-Länge von 17,0 bis 24,5 Zentimetern. Die Ohrlänge beträgt 14 bis 20 Millimeter und die Hinterfußlänge 35 bis 50 Millimeter, das Gewicht beträgt 140 bis 340 Gramm. Die Rückenfärbung ist olive-grau agoutifarben, die Bauchseite ist blassgrau und besitzt teilweise gelbliche Einwaschungen. Die Augen sind durch einen deutlichen weißen Augenring eingefasst.[1]

Im Vergleich zu den beiden anderen Arten der Gattung, dem Nördlichen Zwergmeerschweinchen (Microcavia niata) und dem Shipton-Zwergmeerschweinchen (Microcavia shiptoni) sind die Zähne orthodont und nicht vorstehend (proodont).[1]

Verbreitung

Es gibt drei anerkannte Unterarten des Südlichen Zwergmeerschweinchens, die vom nordwestlichen bis in das zentrale Argentinien sowie teilweise im benachbarten Chile vorkommen.[2][1] Im benachbarten Bolivien ist die Art bislang nicht nachgewiesen.

Lebensweise

Das Südliche Zwergmeerschweinchen kommt in halbtrockenen bis trockenen Habitaten in Talregionen und im Flachland vor. Sie leben in trockenem, sandigem Grasland und in Dornbuschgebieten bis in Waldgebiete entlang von Flüssen und Bachläufen. Dabei nutzen sie auch anthropogen beeinflusste Gebiete und landwirtschaftlich genutzte Flächen, Steinwälle und Mauern als Lebensräume. Häufig ist die Art mit Zwergsträuchern wie Larrea, Schinus fasciculatus und Condalia microphylla assoziiert, unter denen sie ihre Baue anlegen.[1] Die Tiere sind herbivor und ernähren sich von oberirdischen Pflanzenteilen wie Blättern, Gräsern, Stängeln, Knospen, Trieben und auch Früchten. Zudem kauen sie auf Rinden. Zur Nahrungssuche klettern sie in Gebüsche und können von diesen auf den Boden springen. Sie sind tagsüber sowie über das gesamte Jahr aktiv.[1]

Die Tiere kommen in ihrem Verbreitungsgebiet in Bestandsdichten von etwa 24 Individuen pro Hektar vor. Die Männchen bilden lineare Dominanzhierarchien innerhalb der Kolonien, die in ihrer Größe variieren und aus vier bis 38 Individuen bestehen, und verhalten sich gegen andere Männchen aggressiv. Die Territorien der Männchen sind etwa doppelt so groß wie die der Weibchen und haben eine durchschnittliche Größe von 0,75 Hektar, die Territorien der Männchen und Weibchen überlappen. Ihr Paarungssystem ist promiskuitiv bis polygyn. Die Weibchen bilden teilweise enge soziale Bindungen, sie verhalten sich gegenüber anderen Weibchen nicht aggressiv.[2]

Die Fortpflanzungszeit ist variabel und abhängig von der Trockenheit im Lebensraum. In trockeneren Gebieten ist die Fortpflanzungszeit auf die feuchteren Monate verkürzt und dauert etwa sieben Monate, in feuchteren Gebieten kann sie neun Monate andauern. Die Hauptfortpflanzungsphase liegt vom August bis April mit einem Geburtenmaximum im September bis Oktober. Die Weibchen gebären pro Wurf durchschnittlich zwei bis drei Jungtiere, die Tragzeit beträgt etwa 55 bis 60 Tage; direkt nach der Geburt bekommen sie einen erneuten Eisprung und können erneut trächtig werden. Die Jungtiere haben bei der Geburt ein Gewicht von etwa 30 Gramm. Sie erreichen die Geschlechtsreife nach etwa 85 Tagen.[1]

Systematik

 src=
Südliches Zwergmeerschweinchen, Darstellung von 1847

Das Südliche Zwergmeerschweinchen wird als eigenständige Art innerhalb der Gattung der Zwergmeerschweinchen (Microcavia) eingeordnet, die aus drei anerkannten Arten besteht.[1][3] Die wissenschaftliche Erstbeschreibung der Art stammt von den französischen Naturforschern Isidore Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire und Alcide Dessalines d’Orbigny aus dem Jahr 1833, die sie anhand von Individuen vom Unterlauf des Río Negro in Argentinien unter dem Namen Cavia australis beschrieben.[1][3]

Innerhalb der Art werden mit der Nominatform drei Unterarten unterschieden:[1][3]

  • Microcavia australis australis I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire & d'Orbigny, 1833: Nominatform; die Unterart kommt im westlichen und südlichen Argentinien vom Südosten der Provinz San Juan und dem Süden von Buenos Aires im Norden bis zur Provinz Santa Cruz im Süden vor, zudem ist sie in der angrenzenden chilenischen Región de Aisén zu finden.
  • Microcavia australis maenas Thomas, 1898: Die Unterart kommt im Nordwesten Argentiniens in den Bergregionen von Jujuy, Salta, Catamarca und La Rioja vor.
  • Microcavia australis salinia Thomas, 1921: Die Unterart kommt ebenfalls im Nordwesten Argentiniens vor, sie lebt in den flacheren Regionen von Catamarca und La Rioja sowie zusätzlich im Südwesten von Santiago del Estero, dem Nordwesten von Córdoba und dem Norden von San Luis.

Status, Bedrohung und Schutz

Das Südliche Zwergmeerschweinchen wird von der International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) als nicht gefährdet („least concern“) eingeordnet.[2] Begründet wird dies mit der weiten Verbreitung der Art, der vermutlich großen Population und weil es unwahrscheinlich ist, dass die Bestände stark zurückgehen.[2] In ihrem Verbreitungsgebiet gibt es keine größeren Bedrohungen für die Art, es wurde allerdings von mehreren lokalen Aussterbe-Ereignissen berichtet, die auf eine Überbesiedlung durch den Kleingrison (Galictis cuja) zurückzuführen sind.[2]

Belege

  1. a b c d e f g h i Southern Mountain Cavy. In: T.E. Lacher jr: Family Cavidae In: Don E. Wilson, T.E. Lacher, Jr., Russell A. Mittermeier (Hrsg.): Handbook of the Mammals of the World: Lagomorphs and Rodents 1. (HMW, Band 6) Lynx Edicions, Barcelona 2016, S. 434–435, ISBN 978-84-941892-3-4.
  2. a b c d e Microcavia australis in der Roten Liste gefährdeter Arten der IUCN 2019. Eingestellt von: N. Roach, 2016. Abgerufen am 27. September 2020.
  3. a b c Microcavia australis. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Hrsg.): Mammal Species of the World. A taxonomic and geographic Reference. 2 Bände. 3. Auflage. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore MD 2005, ISBN 0-8018-8221-4.

Literatur

  • Southern Mountain Cavy. In: T.E. Lacher jr: Family Cavidae In: Don E. Wilson, T.E. Lacher, Jr., Russell A. Mittermeier (Hrsg.): Handbook of the Mammals of the World: Lagomorphs and Rodents 1. (HMW, Band 6) Lynx Edicions, Barcelona 2016, S. 434–435, ISBN 978-84-941892-3-4.

Weblinks

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Südliches Zwergmeerschweinchen: Brief Summary ( Alemão )

fornecido por wikipedia DE

Das Südliche Zwergmeerschweinchen (Microcavia australis) ist eine Art der Zwergmeerschweinchen innerhalb der Familie der Meerschweinchen. Die Art kommt in drei Unterarten im nördlichen, westlichen und südlichen Argentinien sowie im benachbarten Chile vor. Dabei handelt es sich um die am besten bekannte und erforschte Art von drei bekannten Arten der Gattung, die die kleinsten Vertreter der Meerschweinchen enthält.

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Microcavia australis ( Occitano (desde 1500) )

fornecido por wikipedia emerging languages

Lo cuis (dau quíchoa Kuis) ò Microcavia australis es un pichon rosegaire d'Argentina, de Bolívia e de Chile de la familha dei Caviidae, tant vau dier dei cobaias.

Diurn, inverna pas, se neurís d'èrba, de grans, de pichonei plantas ; sa gestaion es de 55 jorns e generalament naisson 2 a 5 pichons. Lei mascles son pron agressius entre elei e un es dominant. Lei femela pòdon avalir ensems lei pichons. En cas de dangier assaja de s'enterra.

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Southern mountain cavy ( Inglês )

fornecido por wikipedia EN

The southern mountain cavy (Microcavia australis) is a species of South American rodent in the family Caviidae.

Description

Southern mountain cavies are tailless rodents with short, speckled, greyish-yellow fur, fading to pale grey on the underparts. Adults measure around 20 cm (7.9 in) in total length and weigh between 200 and 326 g (7.1 and 11.5 oz). They have large eyes surrounded by a prominent white ring, and small rounded ears. Females have four teats.[2]

Distribution and habitat

Southern mountain cavies are largely restricted to Argentina, but may also be found in some neighbouring regions of Chile and Bolivia. They are found across almost the whole of western and southern Argentina, where they inhabit arid and semiarid lowlands, often close to rivers or in areas dominated by thorn bushes.[1] Three subspecies are currently recognised:[2]

Biology and behaviour

Southern mountain cavies eat leaves, fruits and other plant material, with mesquite and Capparis being reported as particularly common foods. They can even climb trees to get at the leaves, sometimes reaching as high as 4 m (13 ft) above the ground.[2] In time of hardship, however, they will eat almost any plants, for example gnawing on the bark of creosote bushes.[3]

They live in colonial burrows with anything from 4 to 38 individuals. Such burrows can be extensive, with one being reported to have 26 entrances, and a total length of 42 m (138 ft). They are diurnal, emerging from the burrows at sunrise, and remaining active throughout the day, except in particularly hot weather. Males are often aggressive towards one another, creating a strict dominance hierarchy within the burrow. Nonetheless, in severe weather or when there are few shelter sites, individuals, especially females, may huddle together, and the females have also been seen to nurse young cooperatively.[2]

Natural predators include owls, hawks, grisons, foxes, and skunks, and southern mountain cavies alert one another of danger with low-pitched alarm calls. Other calls include a high-pitched cry of fear and soft, almost inaudible, squeaks used during chases and courtship.[2]

Breeding occurs between August and April, with litters of one to five young being born about 54 days later. The young weigh about 30 g (1.1 oz) at birth, and are able to run almost immediately. They are weaned at around three weeks, and females may be sexually mature at just 40 to 50 days old.[2]

References

  1. ^ a b Roach, N. (2016). "Microcavia australis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T13319A22189827. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T13319A22189827.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  2. ^ a b c d e f Tognelli, M.F.; Campos, C.M. & Ojeda, R.A. (2001). "Microcavia australis" (PDF). Mammalian Species. 648: 1–4. doi:10.1644/1545-1410(2001)648<0001:ma>2.0.co;2. S2CID 198968945.
  3. ^ Borruel, N.; et al. (1998). "Effect of herbivorous rodents (cavies and tuco-tucos) on a shrub community in the Monte Desert, Argentina". Journal of Arid Environments. 39 (1): 33–37. Bibcode:1998JArEn..39...33B. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.514.2629. doi:10.1006/jare.1997.0378.
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Southern mountain cavy: Brief Summary ( Inglês )

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The southern mountain cavy (Microcavia australis) is a species of South American rodent in the family Caviidae.

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Microcavia australis ( Espanhol; Castelhano )

fornecido por wikipedia ES

El cuis chico (Microcavia australis) también conocido como carpinchito bebe, cuy, cuye o apereá, es una especie de roedor de la familia Caviidae que habita extensas áreas de Argentina occidental y Chile.

Etimología

El nombre del género, Microcavia, alude a la similitud morfológica de estos animales con los representantes del género Cavia, pero de tamaño menor ("micro"). El epíteto australis significa "del sur", por el hábitat de la especie.

Características

Los machos adultos pesan entre 200 y 330 gramos y miden entre 170 y 245 mm. Tienen pelaje corto de color gris amarillento, con abdomen pálido, y grandes ojos rodeados por un anillo de color blanco, pelo blancuzco, orejas redondeadas y una cola desnuda muy corta.

Hábitat y distribución

La especie habita en llanuras desérticas o semidesérticas y en valles de Argentina, desde la provincia de Salta hasta la de Santa Cruz, así como también en áreas australes de Chile. No posee subespecies.[2]

Reproducción

Las hembras usualmente entran en celo a los 40 o 50 días de edad, pero todavía no son aptas para concebir. El ciclo del estro puede durar 15 días. El período de gestación es de 55 días. Las camadas pueden ser de entre 2 a 5 crías en promedio.

Alimentación

Se alimentan con hojas, retoños, frutas y flores. Pueden trepar árboles de hasta 4 metros de altura para comer las hojas y brotes. Se ha observado que en épocas de extrema sequía, pueden llegar a comer la corteza de árboles y arbustos como el chañar y la jarilla, afectando la supervivencia de estas especies vegetales.Y el águila es el depredador más temido de ellas.

Comportamiento

La actividad del animal es principalmente diurna, y de noche se refugia en cuevas bajo matorrales, que cava en suelos blandos.

Las relaciones entre machos adultos son de fuerte competencia y agresividad, por lo que las colonias presentan parámetros de conducta jerárquicos, con grupos estructurados alrededor de un macho dominante en los que la agresión produce la continua dispersión de las poblaciones.

Los individuos colaboran en la comunidad; en el caso de hembras, se ha observado la crianza común de cachorros, y en tiempo frío se acurrucan juntos para conservar el calor.

El sistema de madrigueras es sustentado por una extrema fidelidad individual; en caso de persecución, el cuis cava en distintos lugares para ocultarse sin ingresar a la madriguera común.

Referencias

  1. Pardinas, U. & Ojeda., R. 2008. Microcavia australis. In: IUCN 2010. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2010.4. . Downloaded on 01 March 2011
  2. Pablo Teta, Ricardo A. Ojeda, Sergio O. Lucero, and Guillermo D’Elía (2017). Geographic variation in cranial morphology of the Southern Mountain Cavy, Microcavia australis (Rodentia, Caviidae): taxonomic implications, with the description of a new species. Zoological studies, Vol. 56.
  • Thomas, O. 1929. The mammals of Señor Budin’s Patagonian expedition, 1927–28. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 10.

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Microcavia australis: Brief Summary ( Espanhol; Castelhano )

fornecido por wikipedia ES

El cuis chico (Microcavia australis) también conocido como carpinchito bebe, cuy, cuye o apereá, es una especie de roedor de la familia Caviidae que habita extensas áreas de Argentina occidental y Chile.

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Microcavia australis ( Basco )

fornecido por wikipedia EU

Microcavia australis Microcavia generoko animalia da. Karraskarien barruko Caviinae azpifamilia eta Caviidae familian sailkatuta dago.

Erreferentziak

  1. (Ingelesez)Mammals - full taxonomy and Red List status Ugaztun guztien egoera 2008an
  2. I. Geoffroy and d’Orbigny (1833) Caviidae Mag. Zool. Paris 3. or..

Ikus, gainera

(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
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Microcavia australis: Brief Summary ( Basco )

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Microcavia australis Microcavia generoko animalia da. Karraskarien barruko Caviinae azpifamilia eta Caviidae familian sailkatuta dago.

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Aavikkopikkumarsu ( Finlandês )

fornecido por wikipedia FI

Aavikkopikkumarsu[3] eli etelänpikkumarsu (Microcavia australis) on eteläamerikkalainen pieni jyrsijä.

Ulkonäkö ja koko

Aikuinen aavikkopikkumarsu painaa noin 200–350 grammaa ja on 17–25 senttimetriä pitkä. Se on väriltään harmahtavan ruskea, silmät ovat suuret ja tummat.

Levinneisyys

Aavikkopikkumarsua tavataan Argentiinassa, Chilessä ja Boliviassa. Se viihtyy puoliaavikolla.

Lähteet

  1. Pardinas, U. & Ojeda., R.: Microcavia australis IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.1. 2008. International Union for Conservation of Nature, IUCN, Iucnredlist.org. Viitattu 1.7.2014. (englanniksi)
  2. a b Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn M. (toim.): Microcavia australis Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed). 2005. Bucknell University. Viitattu 28.12.2010. (englanniksi)
  3. a b Nurminen, Matti (toim.): Maailman eläimet: Nisäkkäät 2, s. 250 ja 453. (Englanninkielinen alkuperäisteos The Encyclopedia of Mammals 2, sarjassa World of animals). Helsinki: Tammi, 1987. ISBN 951-30-6531-6.

Aiheesta muualla

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Aavikkopikkumarsu: Brief Summary ( Finlandês )

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Aavikkopikkumarsu eli etelänpikkumarsu (Microcavia australis) on eteläamerikkalainen pieni jyrsijä.

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Microcavia australis ( Francês )

fornecido por wikipedia FR

Le Cobaye nain austral (Microcavia australis) est une espèce de Rongeurs de la famille des Cavidés[1]. Il fait partie du genre Microcavia qui regroupe les cobayes de montagne[2]. Cet animal est aussi appelé Cobaye nain de Patagonie[réf. souhaitée] et on le rencontre en Argentine et au Chili.

L'espèce a été décrite pour ma première fois en 1833 par deux français le zoologiste Isidore Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire (1805-1861) et le naturaliste Alcide Dessalines d'Orbigny (1802-1857).

Morphologie

Il rappelle le cochon d'Inde, en plus petit (longueur moyenne: 20 cm, poids moyen: 400 grammes). Son poil est gris-brun agouti.

Habitat

Le cobaye nain de Patagonie occupe les pampas du Sud de l'Argentine et du Chili, où il creuse des terriers.

Biologie

Il vit en colonies. Actif de jour, il se nourrit de végétaux et n'hiberne pas.

Après une gestation de 60 jours, la femelle met au monde 1 à 4 petits couverts de poils et voyants, qui se nourrissent d'herbe dès les premiers jours.

Liste des sous-espèces

Selon Mammal Species of the World (version 3, 2005) (15 févr. 2013)[3] :

  • sous-espèce Microcavia australis australis
  • sous-espèce Microcavia australis maenas
  • sous-espèce Microcavia australis salinia

Notes et références

  1. Meyer C., ed. sc., 2009, Dictionnaire des Sciences Animales. consulter en ligne. Montpellier, France, Cirad.
  2. (en) Murray Wrobel, 2007. Elsevier's dictionary of mammals: in Latin, English, German, French and Italian. Elsevier, 2007. (ISBN 0444518770), 9780444518774. 857 pages. Rechercher dans le document numérisé
  3. Mammal Species of the World (version 3, 2005), consulté le 15 févr. 2013

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Microcavia australis: Brief Summary ( Francês )

fornecido por wikipedia FR

Le Cobaye nain austral (Microcavia australis) est une espèce de Rongeurs de la famille des Cavidés. Il fait partie du genre Microcavia qui regroupe les cobayes de montagne. Cet animal est aussi appelé Cobaye nain de Patagonie[réf. souhaitée] et on le rencontre en Argentine et au Chili.

L'espèce a été décrite pour ma première fois en 1833 par deux français le zoologiste Isidore Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire (1805-1861) et le naturaliste Alcide Dessalines d'Orbigny (1802-1857).

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Zuidelijke dwergcavia ( Neerlandês; Flamengo )

fornecido por wikipedia NL

De zuidelijke dwergcavia (Microcavia australis) is een zoogdier uit de familie van de cavia-achtigen (Caviidae). De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd door I. Geoffroy & d'Orbigny in 1833.

Voorkomen

De soort komt voor in Argentinië en Chili.

Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
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Zuidelijke dwergcavia: Brief Summary ( Neerlandês; Flamengo )

fornecido por wikipedia NL

De zuidelijke dwergcavia (Microcavia australis) is een zoogdier uit de familie van de cavia-achtigen (Caviidae). De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd door I. Geoffroy & d'Orbigny in 1833.

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Microcavia australis ( Português )

fornecido por wikipedia PT

Microcavia australis é uma espécie de roedor da família Caviidae.

Pode ser encontrada na Argentina, Bolívia e Chile.

Referências

  • WOODS, C. A.; KILPATRICK, C. W. Infraorder Hystricognathi. In: WILSON, D. E.; REEDER, D. M. (Eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. 3. ed. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005. v. 2, p. 1538-1600.
  • PARDINAS, U.; OJEDA, R. 2008. Microcavia australis. In: IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. . Acessado em 22 de novembro de 2008.
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Microcavia australis: Brief Summary ( Português )

fornecido por wikipedia PT

Microcavia australis é uma espécie de roedor da família Caviidae.

Pode ser encontrada na Argentina, Bolívia e Chile.

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Microcavia australis ( Sueco )

fornecido por wikipedia SV


Microcavia australis[2] är en däggdjursart som först beskrevs av I. Geoffroy och d'Orbigny 1833. Microcavia australis ingår i släktet ökenmarsvin och familjen Caviidae.[3][4] IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som livskraftig.[1]

Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.[3] Wilson & Reeder (2005) skiljer mellan tre underarter.[5]

Detta ökenmarsvin förekommer i stora delar av Argentina och i angränsande områden av Chile. Habitatet utgörs av torra skogar och buskskogar. Ibland finns inget gräs under buskarna. I öknen vistas arten främst nära den glest fördelade vegetationen.[1]

Honor kan para sig flera gånger per år och de flesta kullar föds i september och oktober. Dräktigheten varar 54 till 60 dagar. Per kull föds 1 till 5 ungar, oftast 3.[1]

Källor

  1. ^ [a b c d] 2008 Microcavia australis Från: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2 <www.iucnredlist.org>. Läst 2012-10-24.
  2. ^ Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. (1992) , Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 2nd ed., 3rd printing
  3. ^ [a b] Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (red.) (8 april 2011). ”Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist.”. Species 2000: Reading, UK. http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/search/all/key/microcavia+australis/match/1. Läst 24 september 2012.
  4. ^ ITIS: The Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Orrell T. (custodian), 2011-04-26
  5. ^ (2005) , website Microcavia australis, Mammal Species of the World

Externa länkar

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Microcavia australis: Brief Summary ( Sueco )

fornecido por wikipedia SV


Microcavia australis är en däggdjursart som först beskrevs av I. Geoffroy och d'Orbigny 1833. Microcavia australis ingår i släktet ökenmarsvin och familjen Caviidae. IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som livskraftig.

Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life. Wilson & Reeder (2005) skiljer mellan tre underarter.

Detta ökenmarsvin förekommer i stora delar av Argentina och i angränsande områden av Chile. Habitatet utgörs av torra skogar och buskskogar. Ibland finns inget gräs under buskarna. I öknen vistas arten främst nära den glest fördelade vegetationen.

Honor kan para sig flera gånger per år och de flesta kullar föds i september och oktober. Dräktigheten varar 54 till 60 dagar. Per kull föds 1 till 5 ungar, oftast 3.

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Microcavia australis ( Ucraniano )

fornecido por wikipedia UK

Середовище проживання

Мешкає в посушливих і напівпосушливих низинах і долинах. На південно-заході Аргентини, він віддає перевагу прибережним місцям проживання, лісовим масивам, чи піщані лісові площі. У провінції Буенос-Айрес, Аргентина, вид живе в районах, де немає наземного рослинного покриву, де чагарники (Schinus fasciculatus, Condalia microphylla) є переважаючою рослинністю.

Зовнішні ознаки

Середня довжина: 22 см, вага 250-300 гр. Має дуже тіло без хвоста і головою, довжина якої втричі менша довжини тулуба. Має великі чорні очі, обведені білими кільцями і має великі вуха. Зуби їх постійно ростуть, потребуючи постійного гризіння й жування, щоб залишатися короткими.

Життєвий цикл

Вид полігінний. Сезон розмноження з серпня по квітень, більшість самок народжує у вересні-жовтні. За спостереженнями в неволі середній період вагітності: 54-60 днів, середній розмір приплоду: три дитинча (діапазон: 1-5). Новонароджені важать лише 30 гр., але вкриті хутром з відкритими очима, здатні рухатись і здатні споживати тверду їжу на перший день життя. Отримують молоко лише кілька тижнів від будь-якої кормлячої самки в гаремі. В одномісячному віці відлучається від годування й стає повністю незалежним. Життя в дикій природі дуже коротке: поки ця гірська каві не стає жертвою основного ворога, малого грісона (Galictis cuja).

Джерела

  • веб-сайт МСОП
  • Erin McCloskey, Tim Burford - Argentina: The Bradt Travel Guide / Bradt Travel Guides, 2006, p. 381
  • Ronald M. Nowak - Walker's mammals of the world, Том 1 / JHU Press, 1999, p. 1666
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Microcavia australis ( Vietnamita )

fornecido por wikipedia VI

Microcavia australis là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Caviidae, bộ Gặm nhấm. Loài này được I. Geoffroy & d’Orbigny mô tả năm 1833.[2]

Hình ảnh

Chú thích

  1. ^ Pardinas, U. & Ojeda, R. (2008). Microcavia australis. 2008 Sách đỏ IUCN. Liên minh Bảo tồn Thiên nhiên Quốc tế 2008. Truy cập ngày 5 tháng 1 năm 2009.
  2. ^ a ă Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. biên tập (2005). “Microcavia australis”. Mammal Species of the World . Baltimore: Nhà in Đại học Johns Hopkins, 2 tập (2.142 trang). ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.

Tham khảo


Hình tượng sơ khai Bài viết về một loài thuộc bộ Gặm nhấm này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
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Microcavia australis: Brief Summary ( Vietnamita )

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Microcavia australis là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Caviidae, bộ Gặm nhấm. Loài này được I. Geoffroy & d’Orbigny mô tả năm 1833.

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남부산캐비 ( Coreano )

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남부산캐비(Microcavia australis)는 천축서과에 속하는 설치류의 일종이다.

특징

남부산캐비는 꼬리가 없는 설치류로 털이 짧고, 얼룩덜룩한 반점이 있으며 회색빛 노란색을 띠고, 하체 쪽은 연한 회색으로 색조가 변한다. 다 자라면 약 20cm가 되고, 몸무게는 200g과 326g 사이이다. 큰 눈을 갖고 있으며, 눈 둘레에 두드러진 흰색 테두리가 있고, 귀는 작고 둥글다. 암컷은 4개의 젖꼭지를 갖고 있다.[2]

분포 및 서식지

남부산캐비는 대체적으로 아르헨티나에 제한적으로 분포하지만, 칠레볼리비아 등 인근 나라에서도 발견된다. 아르헨티나 서부와 남부 거의 전역에 걸쳐 발견되며, 건조 및 반건조 저지대에서 서식하고 강가 혹은 가시 덤불이 많이 자라는 지역 가까이에서도 산다.[1]

현재, 3종의 아종이 알려져 있다.[2]

각주

  1. “Microcavia australis”. 《멸종 위기 종의 IUCN 적색 목록. 2008판》 (영어). 국제 자연 보전 연맹. 2008. 2009년 1월 5일에 확인함.
  2. Tognelli, M.F.; Campos, C.M. & Ojeda, R.A. (2001). Microcavia australis (PDF). 《Mammalian Species》 648: 1–4. doi:10.1644/1545-1410(2001)648<0001:ma>2.0.co;2. 2015년 6월 30일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서. 2015년 6월 27일에 확인함.
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