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Imagem de Puccinia coronata Corda 1837
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Puccinia coronata Corda 1837

Associations ( Inglês )

fornecido por BioImages, the virtual fieldguide, UK
Foodplant / gall
pycnium of Puccinia coronata causes gall of leaf (petiole) of Frangula alnus

Foodplant / gall
pycnium of Puccinia coronata causes gall of leaf of Rhamnus cathartica

Foodplant / parasite
mostly hypophyllous pycnium of Puccinia coronata parasitises live leaf of Rhamnus

Foodplant / parasite
amphigenous, scattered or in patches uredium of Puccinia coronata parasitises live leaf of Avena fatua
Remarks: season: summer

Foodplant / parasite
hypophyllous telium of Puccinia coronata parasitises live leaf of Agrostis canina sens.lat.
Remarks: season: mid 8-

Foodplant / parasite
hypophyllous telium of Puccinia coronata parasitises live leaf of Alopecurus pratensis
Remarks: season: mid 8-

Foodplant / parasite
hypophyllous telium of Puccinia coronata parasitises live leaf of Avena sativa
Remarks: season: mid 8-

Foodplant / parasite
hypophyllous telium of Puccinia coronata parasitises live leaf of Calamagrostis epigejos
Remarks: season: mid 8-

Foodplant / parasite
hypophyllous telium of Puccinia coronata parasitises live leaf of Dactylis
Remarks: season: mid 8-

Foodplant / parasite
hypophyllous telium of Puccinia coronata parasitises live leaf of Deschampsia cespitosa
Remarks: season: mid 8-

Foodplant / parasite
hypophyllous telium of Puccinia coronata parasitises live leaf of Festuca altissima
Remarks: season: mid 8-

Foodplant / parasite
hypophyllous telium of Puccinia coronata parasitises live leaf of Glyceria maxima
Remarks: season: mid 8-

Foodplant / parasite
hypophyllous telium of Puccinia coronata parasitises live leaf of Holcus lanatus
Remarks: season: mid 8-

Foodplant / parasite
hypophyllous telium of Puccinia coronata parasitises live leaf of Lolium multiflorum
Remarks: season: mid 8-

Foodplant / parasite
hypophyllous telium of Puccinia coronata parasitises live leaf of Phalaris arundinacea
Remarks: season: mid 8-

Foodplant / parasite
hypophyllous telium of Puccinia coronata parasitises live leaf of Poa pratensis sens.lat.
Remarks: season: mid 8-

Foodplant / parasite
hypophyllous telium of Puccinia coronata parasitises live leaf of Arrhenatherum elatius
Remarks: season: mid 8-

Foodplant / parasite
amphigenous, scattered or in patches uredium of Puccinia coronata parasitises live leaf of Elytrigia repens ssp. repens
Remarks: season: summer

Foodplant / parasite
hypophyllous telium of Puccinia coronata parasitises live leaf of Agrostis stolonifera
Remarks: season: mid 8-

Foodplant / parasite
amphigenous, scattered or in patches uredium of Puccinia coronata parasitises live leaf of Agrostis capillaris
Remarks: season: summer

Foodplant / parasite
amphigenous, scattered or in patches uredium of Puccinia coronata parasitises live leaf of Avena strigosa
Remarks: season: summer

Foodplant / parasite
hypophyllous telium of Puccinia coronata parasitises live leaf of Calamagrostis canescens
Remarks: season: mid 8-

Foodplant / parasite
amphigenous, scattered or in patches uredium of Puccinia coronata parasitises live leaf of Festuca arundinacea
Remarks: season: summer

Foodplant / parasite
hypophyllous telium of Puccinia coronata parasitises live leaf of Festuca gigantea
Remarks: season: mid 8-

Foodplant / parasite
amphigenous, scattered or in patches uredium of Puccinia coronata parasitises live leaf of Festuca ovina agg.
Remarks: season: summer

Foodplant / parasite
hypophyllous telium of Puccinia coronata parasitises live leaf of Festuca pratensis
Remarks: season: mid 8-

Foodplant / parasite
amphigenous, scattered or in patches uredium of Puccinia coronata parasitises live leaf of Holcus mollis
Remarks: season: summer

Foodplant / parasite
amphigenous, scattered or in patches uredium of Puccinia coronata parasitises live leaf of Lolium perenne
Remarks: season: summer

In Great Britain and/or Ireland:
Fungus / parasite
circularly arranged sporodochium of Tuberculina anamorph of Tuberculina persicina parasitises live Puccinia coronata

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Comprehensive Description ( Inglês )

fornecido por North American Flora
Dicaeoma rhamni (Pers.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 3 3 : 470. 1898
Aecidium Rhamni Pers. in J. F. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 2: 1472. 1791.
Aecidium crassum Pers. Neues Mag. Bot. 1: 92. 1794.
Aecidium Cathartici Schum. Enum. PL Saell. 2: 225. 1803.
Puccinia coronata Corda, Ic. Fung. 1: 6. 1837.
Solenodonta graminis Cast. Cat. PL Mars. 203. 1845.
Aecidium Allenii G. W. Clinton; Peck, Ann. Rep. N. Y. State Mus. 24: 93. 1872.
Aecidium pulcherrimum Rav.; Berkeley, Grevillea 3: 61. 1874.
Puccinia Lolii Nielsen, Ugeskr. Landm. 1875 1 : 549. 1875.
Puccinia Rhamni Wettst. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 35: 545. 1886.
Puccinia coronifera Kleb. Zeits. Pflanzenkr. 4: 135. 1894.
Puccinia Catharticae Lagerh. Tromso Mus. Aarsh. 17: 52. 1895.
Puccinia coronata f. Melicae Eriksson, Ber. Deuts. Bot. Ges. 12: 322, hyponym. 1894; CentralbL
Bakt. 32: 303. 1897. Puccinia Melicae Sydow, Monog. Ured. 1: 760. 1903. Dicaeoma Melicae Arth. Proc. Ind. Acad. Sci. 1903: 149. 1904. Puccinia Beckmanniae McAlpine, Rusts Austr. 116. 1906. Puccinia praegracilis Arth. Bull. Torrey Club 34: 585. 1907. Puccinia Erikssonii Bubak, Arch. Nat. Land. Bohmen 13: 1071908.
Pycnia epiphyllous, in small crowded groups, honey-yellow, becoming blackish, globose in vertical section, 60-95 p in diameter; ostiolar filaments short.
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citação bibliográfica
Joseph Charles Arthur and Fred. Denton Fromme. 1920. (UREDINALES); AECIDIACEAE (continuatio); DICAEOMA ON POACEAE. North American flora. vol 7(4). New York Botanical Garden, New York, NY
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North American Flora

Puccinia coronata ( Alemão )

fornecido por wikipedia DE

Puccinia coronata ist eine Ständerpilzart aus der Ordnung der Rostpilze (Pucciniales). Der Pilz ist ein Endoparasit von Kreuzdorn, Ölweiden und Berchemia sowie einer Vielzahl an Süßgrasgattungen. Symptome des Befalls durch die Art sind Rostflecken und Pusteln auf den Blattoberflächen der Wirtspflanzen. Sie ist weltweit verbreitet.

Merkmale

Makroskopische Merkmale

Puccinia coronata ist mit bloßem Auge nur anhand der auf der Oberfläche des Wirtes hervortretenden Sporenlager zu erkennen. Sie wachsen in Nestern, die als gelbliche bis braune Flecken und Pusteln auf den Blattoberflächen erscheinen.

Mikroskopische Merkmale

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Puccinia coronata, Teliospore mit apikaler Krönung, auf Phalaris arundinacea

Das Myzel von Puccinia coronata wächst wie bei allen Puccinia-Arten interzellulär und bildet Saugfäden, die in das Speichergewebe des Wirtes wachsen. Ihre Spermogonien sind unbekannt. Die weißlichen Aecien der Art wachsen überwiegend unterseitig in Gruppen auf der Oberfläche der Wirtsblätter. Ihre hellgelblichen Aeciosporen sind 16–24 × 15–19 µm groß und warzig. Die beid- oder überwiegend unterseitig wachsenden Uredien des Pilzes sind gelb bis gelbbraun, sie besitzen farblose Paraphysen. Die hell gelblichen bis fast farblosen Uredosporen der Art sind 19–25 × 17–21 µm groß, ellipsoid bis breitellipsoid und stachelwarzig. Die beidseitig wachsenden Telien der Art sind schwärzlich, lang bedeckt und mit Paraphysen versehen. Die gold- bis kastanienbraunen Teliosporen sind zweizellig, in der Regel keulenförmig und apikal gekrönt, runzlig und meist 36–65 × 14–19 µm groß. Ihr Stiel ist gelblich bis bräunlich und kurz. Das an eine Krone erinnernde Aussehen dieser Sporen ist Ursache für die Bezeichnung Kronenrost.

Verbreitung

Das bekannte Verbreitungsgebiet von Puccinia coronata umfasst die gesamte Welt.

Ökologie

Die Wirtspflanzen von Puccinia coronata sind für den Haplonten Kreuzdorn-, Ölweiden- und Berchemia-Arten, für den Dikaryonten zahlreiche verschiedene Gattungen der Süßgräser. Der Pilz ernährt sich von den im Speichergewebe der Pflanzen vorhandenen Nährstoffen, seine Sporenlager brechen später durch die Blattoberfläche und setzen Sporen frei. Die Art durchläuft einen makrozyklischen Entwicklungszyklus mit Spermogonien, Aecien, Telien und Uredien. Als heteroöker Parasit macht sie einen Wirtswechsel durch.

Literatur

Weblinks

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Puccinia coronata: Brief Summary ( Alemão )

fornecido por wikipedia DE

Puccinia coronata ist eine Ständerpilzart aus der Ordnung der Rostpilze (Pucciniales). Der Pilz ist ein Endoparasit von Kreuzdorn, Ölweiden und Berchemia sowie einer Vielzahl an Süßgrasgattungen. Symptome des Befalls durch die Art sind Rostflecken und Pusteln auf den Blattoberflächen der Wirtspflanzen. Sie ist weltweit verbreitet.

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Puccinia coronata ( Inglês )

fornecido por wikipedia EN

Puccinia coronata is a plant pathogen and causal agent of oat and barley crown rust. The pathogen occurs worldwide, infecting both wild and cultivated oats. Crown rust poses a threat to barley production, because the first infections in barley occur early in the season from local inoculum.[1] Crown rusts have evolved many different physiological races within different species in response to host resistance. Each pathogenic race can attack a specific line of plants within the species typical host. For example, there are over 290 races of P. coronata.[2] Crops with resistant phenotypes are often released, but within a few years virulent races have arisen and P. coronata can infect them.[3]

Symptoms

Uredinia are linear, light orange, and occur mostly on the leaf blades but occasionally occur also on leaf sheaths, peduncles and awns. Extensive chlorosis is often associated with the uredinia. Telia are mostly linear, black to dark brown, and are covered by the host epidermis.[4] Although infection by crown rust does not usually kill whole plants, it does kill individual leaves of the plants. Necrotic areas of infected leaves reflect tissue death. The expansion of disease-dependent chlorosis and necrosis greatly reduces photosynthetic processes and the overall physiological functioning of the infected plant, which in turn reduces growth and crop yields.[5] In addition, if plants are badly infected, they become more sensitive to drought conditions which can cause death.[6]

Disease cycle

Teliospores on barley straw and residue of susceptible grasses left in the field germinate in the spring and produce basidiospores that infect Rhamnus cathartica. Pycnial and aecial stages are produced on the alternate host. Aeciospores from R. cathartica are the primary inoculum for infecting barley. The primary infections, which can occur as early as the three leaf stage of barley in the spring, develop into uredinia. Urediniospores produced in the uredinia repeat the infection process, and the fungus undergoes several cycles of reproduction on barley during the growing season. Spread by wind-borne urediniospores can carry the fungus some distance from the R. cathartica bushes that were the original sources of primary inoculum, although such secondary spread seems much less extensive than that for oat crown rust.[4] In fact, P. c. f. sp. avenae can remain viable over dispersal distances of several hundred miles.[6]

Barley crown rust can infect rye as well as barley. In addition, it also infects a number of wild grasses including quackgrass (Elymus repens), slender wheatgrass (E. tranchycaulus), western wheatgrass (Pascopyrum smithii), foxtail barley (Hordeum jubatum), and several wheatgrasses (Elytrigia spp.) and wild rye grasses (Elymus spp. and Leymus spp.). The fungus readily forms telia on these hosts, which serve as a reservoir of overwintering teliospores. Quackgrass may be the most important reservoir for overwintering telia. This ubiquitous, perennial weed is very susceptible to the rust and is often found growing near Rhamnus.

Intra-specific classification

Uredinial/telial stages also occur on a wide range of grass species (Poaceae) in the genera Agrostis, Arrhenatherum, Bromus, Calamagrostis, Elymus, Festuca, Glyceria, Holcus, Hordeum, Lolium, Poa and Schedonorus etc. Recent molecular studies suggest that with high intraspecific genetic variation, Puccinia coronata harbors multiple phylogenetic lineages. Seven phylogenetic species are recognized based on host specificity, morphology and multi-gene phylogenetic analyses, namely P. coronata s.str., P. coronati-agrostidis, P. coronati-brevispora, P. coronati-calamagrostidis, P. coronati-hordei, P. coronati-japonica, and P. coronati-longispora. Puccinia coronata s.str. is further divided into two varieties: P. coronata var. avenae and P. coronata var. coronata. The former is composed of two formae speciales: P. coronata var. avenae f. sp. avenae and P. coronata var. avenae f. sp. graminicola. The crown rust pathogen on oats belongs to P. coronata var. avenae f. sp. avenae.[7][8]

Management

Sources of resistance to crown rust have been identified in barley germplasm from diverse regions, but most malting barley cultivars currently grown in the northern Great Plains of North America are susceptible to crown rust.[1] Typically P. coronata can overcome resistant gene within five years, making it difficult for researchers to control its damaging effects on the oat production industry. Agricultural Research Service researchers have introduced individual genes that produce proteins believed to recognize crown rust and trigger a defensive response within the plant.[9] Because of P. coronata’s quick ability to adapt to resistant strains of oat, researchers have had to turn to a new variety of oat (A. barbata), which is commonly considered a weed, for new resistant genes. In lab studies A. barbata has done remarkably well in conferring resistance to various strains of crown rust. The main goal of the researchers is to not only confer resistance to crown rust, but also to develop oat varieties with additional desirable traits such as high yield and drought tolerance.[9]

History of study

Research into P. coronata on A. sativa/oat crown rust has been foundational to the understanding and definition of "tolerance" in phytopathology. In 1958 Caldwell et al. defined tolerance as that which "enabl[es] a susceptible plant to endure severe attack by a rust fungus without sustaining severe losses in yield or quality." Although they noted that most interest was in breeding for hypersensitive responses, they located, differentiated, quantified, and defined "tolerance" for the first time in cultivars prevalent in the United States.[10][11][12]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b "Barley crown rust". Agricultural Research Service. United States Department of Agriculture. 2021-02-14. Retrieved 2021-02-14.
  2. ^ Simons, Marr Dixon; Michel, L.J. (1964). "International register of pathogenic races of Puccinia coronata var. avenae". Plant Disease Reporter. 48 (10): 763–766.
  3. ^ Briere, S.C.; Kushalappa, A.C.; Mather, D.E (1994). "Screening for Partial Resistance to an Isolate of Crown Rust (Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae) Race 264 in Oat Cultivars and Breeding Lines". Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology. 16 (1): 49–55. doi:10.1080/07060669409500787.
  4. ^ a b Disease Cycle
  5. ^ Sulaiman Eve, Hassan Y; Runno-Paurson; Kaurilind, Eve; Niinemets, Ülo (2023). "Differential impact of crown rust (Puccinia coronata) infection on photosynthesis and volatile emissions in the primary host Avena sativa and the alternate host Rhamnus frangula". Journal of Experimental Botany. doi:10.1093/jxb/erad001.
  6. ^ a b "Oat crown rust". Cereal Disease Laboratory. United States Department of Agriculture | Agricultural Research Service. Retrieved 19 October 2015.
  7. ^ Liu, M.; S. Hambleton (2012). "Laying the foundation for a taxonomic review of Puccinia coronata s.l. in a phylogenetic context". Mycol Progress. 12: 63–89. doi:10.1007/s11557-012-0814-1.
  8. ^ Urban, Z.; J. Marková (1993). "The rust fungi of grasses in Europe. I. Puccinia coronata Corda". Acta Univ Carol. 37: 93–147.
  9. ^ a b "ARS Scientists Turn to a Wild Oat to Combat Crown Rust". Agricultural Research Service. United States Department of Agriculture. 2021-02-14. Retrieved 2021-02-14.
  10. ^ Pagán, Israel; García-Arenal, Fernando (2020-08-25). "Tolerance of Plants to Pathogens: A Unifying View". Annual Review of Phytopathology. Annual Reviews. 58 (1): 77–96. doi:10.1146/annurev-phyto-010820-012749. ISSN 0066-4286.
  11. ^ Soares, Miguel P.; Teixeira, Luis; Moita, Luis F. (2017-01-03). "Disease tolerance and immunity in host protection against infection". Nature Reviews Immunology. Nature Portfolio. 17 (2): 83–96. doi:10.1038/nri.2016.136. hdl:10400.7/767. ISSN 1474-1733.
  12. ^ Schafer, John F. (1971). "Tolerance to Plant Disease". Annual Review of Phytopathology. Annual Reviews. 9 (1): 235–252. doi:10.1146/annurev.py.09.090171.001315. ISSN 0066-4286.

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Puccinia coronata: Brief Summary ( Inglês )

fornecido por wikipedia EN

Puccinia coronata is a plant pathogen and causal agent of oat and barley crown rust. The pathogen occurs worldwide, infecting both wild and cultivated oats. Crown rust poses a threat to barley production, because the first infections in barley occur early in the season from local inoculum. Crown rusts have evolved many different physiological races within different species in response to host resistance. Each pathogenic race can attack a specific line of plants within the species typical host. For example, there are over 290 races of P. coronata. Crops with resistant phenotypes are often released, but within a few years virulent races have arisen and P. coronata can infect them.

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Auzu vainagrūsa ( Letão )

fornecido por wikipedia LV

Auzu vainagrūsa ir rūsas sēnes Puccinia coronata izraisīta graudaugu rūsa. Slimība attīstās uz auzu un savvaļas stiebrzāļu lapām, lapu makstīm, retāk uz stiebriem un plēksnēm. Sēnes pustulas ir koši oranžas.

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Puccinia coronata ( Polonês )

fornecido por wikipedia POL

Puccinia coronata Corda – gatunek grzybów należący do rodziny rdzowatych (Pucciniaceae)[1]. Grzyb mikroskopijny, pasożyt wywołujący chorobę owsa i jęczmienia zwaną rdzą koronową[2].

Systematyka i nazewnictwo

Pozycja w klasyfikacji według Index Fungorum: Puccinia, Pucciniaceae, Pucciniales, Incertae sedis, Pucciniomycetes, Pucciniomycotina, Basidiomycota, Fungi[1].

Badania molekularne sugerują dużą zmienność genetyczną w obrębie gatunku. Wydaje się, że przedstawiciele Puccinia coronata należą do siedmiu linii filogenetycznych, które można odróżnić na podstawie specyficzności względem żywiciela, morfologii, ewentualnie za pomocą badań genetycznych. Są to: P. coronata, P. coronati-agrostidis, P. coronati-brevispora, P. coronati-calamagrostidis, P. coronati-hordei, P. coronati-japonica, P. coronati-longispora. Linia Puccinia coronata dzieli się jeszcze na odmianę P. coronata var. avenae oraz P. coronata var. coronata. Pierwsza odmiana składa się z dwóch form: f. sp. avenae oraz f. sp. graminicola. Rdza koronowa posożytująca na owsie należy do P. coronata var. avenae f. sp. avenae[3]. Według Index Fungorum jednak są to synonimy. Opisano jeszcze wiele innych form i odmian, wszystkie jednakże według Index Fungorum są synonimami. Pozostałe synonimy[4]:

  • Aecidium crassum Pers. 1801
  • Aecidium frangulae Schumach. 1803
  • Aecidium irregulare DC. 1805
  • Aecidium rhamni J.F. Gmel. 1792
  • Caeoma crassatum Link 1825
  • Dicaeoma gibberosum (Lagerh.) Kuntze 1898
  • Dicaeoma rhamni (J.F. Gmel.) Kuntze 1792
  • Puccinia calamagrostidis P. Syd. 1892
  • Puccinia coronata Peturson 1934
  • Puccinia coronati-hordei M. Liu & Hambl. 2013
  • Puccinia epigejos S. Ito 1909
  • Puccinia gibberosa Lagerh. 1888
  • Puccinia lolii E. Nielsen 1875
  • Puccinia rangiferina S. Ito 1909
  • Puccinia rhamni (J.F. Gmel.) Wettst. 1886
  • Solenodonta coronata (Corda) Syd. 1921
  • Solenodonta epigejos (S. Ito) Syd. 1921
  • Solenodonta gibberosa (Lagerh.) Syd. 1921
  • Solenodonta rangiferina (S. Ito) Syd. 1921
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Ecja na liściu szakłaku
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Ecjum
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Telia na liściach trawy
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Uredinia na liściu trawy
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Zarodniki

Cykl życiowy

Po zimie teliospory przetrwałe na resztkach traw kiełkują w podstawki, które w wyniku podziału redukcyjnego wytwarzają bazydiospory. Te z kolei mogą rozwijać się na organizmie żywiciela pośredniego, którym jest szakłak pospolity lub kruszyna pospolita. Na jego liściach rozwijają się kolejno pyknidia na stronie wierzchniej i ecja na spodniej stronie blaszek. Stadium pośrednie między wspomnianymi formami stanowią pykniospory wędrujące poprzecznie przez tkanki liścia. Następną formę inwazyjną stanowią ecjospory produkowane w ecjach, skąd rozprzestrzeniają się w środowisku. Za ich pośrednictwem wiosną na jęczmieniu mogą zostać wytworzone pasożytnicze uredia już w fazie trzech liści. Na urediach wytwarzane są urediospory, które infekują zboża z wytworzeniem kolejnych urediów. Cykl uredia-urediospory-uredia powtarza się wiele razy podczas sezonu wegetacyjnego. Rozprzestrzeniane przez wiatr urediospory mogą rozprzestrzeniać grzyba na pewne odległości od organizmu żywiciela pierwotnego. Zasięg rozprzestrzeniania się pasożyta w ciągu sezonu wegetacyjnego może wynosić setki kilometrów[5].

Występowanie

Uredinia bądź telia można spotkać u wielu gatunków traw (Poaceae) należących do rodzajów mietlica (Agrostis), rajgras (Arrhenatherum), stokłosa (Bromus), trzcinnik (Calamagrostis), perz (Elymus), kostrzewa (Festuca), manna (Glyceria), kłosówka (Holcus), jęczmień (Hordeum), życica (Lolium), wiechlina (Poa) itp. Żywicielem pośrednim jest szakłak pospolity lub kruszyna pospolita[3].

Przypisy

  1. a b Index Fungorum (ang.). [dostęp 2017-04-14].
  2. Y.Y. Jin Y.Y. i inni, Puccinia coronata on barley (Disease Notes)" (PDF). Plant Dis. 76: 1283. doi:10.1094/pd-76-1283c., 1992 .
  3. a b MiaoM. Liu MiaoM., SarahS. Hambleton SarahS., Laying the foundation for a taxonomic review of Puccinia coronata s.l. in a phylogenetic context, „Mycological Progress”, 12 (1), 2013, s. 63–89, DOI: 10.1007/s11557-012-0814-1, ISSN 1617-416X [dostęp 2017-04-02] (ang.).
  4. Species Fungorum (ang.). [dostęp 2017-04-14].
  5. Oat crown rust : USDA ARS, www.ars.usda.gov [dostęp 2017-04-02] .
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Puccinia coronata: Brief Summary ( Polonês )

fornecido por wikipedia POL

Puccinia coronata Corda – gatunek grzybów należący do rodziny rdzowatych (Pucciniaceae). Grzyb mikroskopijny, pasożyt wywołujący chorobę owsa i jęczmienia zwaną rdzą koronową.

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original
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wikipedia POL