Description
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por AmphibiaWeb articles
Males reach a maximum SVL of 23.6 mm, while females reach 28.2 mm (Duellman 1967). The head is as wide as the body, and the top of the head is flat. The snout is short and truncate. The canthus is rounded and is not distinct. Prevomerine teeth (2-5) are present on small angled raised areas between the small choanae. The tympanum is partially obscured at the upper edge by a thin supratympanic dermal fold, which extends from the posterior corner of the eye to just above the insertion of the arm. The arm is short and robust, with a distinct axillary membrane present, and the fingers are long and thin with large discs. Fingers are approximately one-third webbed. Breeding males do not have nuptial pads. Hindlimbs are moderately short and robust, lacking a tarsal fold. The foot has a low, flat, elongated metatarsal tubercle. Toes are about three-fourths webbed, and moderately long and thin, with discs not as enlarged as those on the hand. Dorsally, and on most surfaces, the skin is smooth, but ventrally, the skin is granular on the belly and the proximal ventral surfaces of the thigh. Males have paired vocal slits extending from the midlateral base of the tongue out to the angles of the jaws, with a single median subgular vocal sac that is highly distendable (Duellman 2001).Dendropsophus phlebodes has a yellowish-tan dorsum with weak darker brown markings that usually consist of dashes or a network of lines, an interorbital bar and a scapular X-shaped marking, and often including a thin brown stripe running from the snout to the eye and above the tympanum. This stripe usually extends far as the axilla, but in some specimens may extend to midflank, or be absent entirely. Some specimens also have a narrow white line above the canthus, but never a distinct white stripe posterior to the eye and bordering the lateral brown stripe. The belly is white, the flanks are pale yellow, and the thighs are yellow. Shanks are tan with brown bars. The iris is a creamy bronze, with brown specks and a brown wash adjacent to the anterior and posterior of the pupil. Breeding males have a yellow vocal sac (Duellman 2001). A tadpole at developmental stage 36 has a total length of approximately 21.0 mm and a body length of 6.7 mm. The body is slightly wider than deep. Nostrils are large and the snout is pointed. The small eyes are dorsolateral and are directed laterally. Neither teeth nor papillae are present in the small terminal mouth, though it has serrated beaks. The spiracle is posteroventral to the eye and sinistral, while the anal tube is dextral. The caudal musculature of the xiphicercal tail is moderately deep. The dorsal fin extends onto the body and is deep, while the ventral fin is shallower (Duellman 2001).Dorsal surfaces of the tadpole are reddish tan mixed with brown mottling. A brown stripe runs from the snout through the eye to the posterior of the body. The belly is white and blotched with brown and black, while the caudal musculature is a grayish tan The caudal fins are heavily blotched with grayish tan as well, culminating in a gray tail tip. The larval iris has a red center surrounded by orange-tan (Duellman 2001).The name phlebodes derives from the Greek words "phlebos" (vein) and "odes" (like), referring to the vein-like pattern of dorsal markings (Duellman 2001).A Spanish-language species account can be found at the website of Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INBio) (http://darnis.inbio.ac.cr/FMPro?-DB=UBIpub.fp3&-lay=WebAll&-Format=/ubi/detail.html&-Op=bw&id=4200&-Find).
- Fouquette, M. J. (1960). ''Isolating mechanisms in three sympatric tree frogs in the Canal Zone.'' Evolution, 14, 484-497.
- IUCN, Conservation International, and NatureServe. (2006). Global Amphibian Assessment: Dendropsophus phlebodes. www.globalamphibians.org. Accessed on 25 May 2008.
- Schwartz, J. J. and Wells, K. D. (1984). ''Vocal behavior of the neotropical treefrog Hyla phlebodes.'' Herpetologica, 40, 452-463.
- Wilczynski, W., McClelland, B. E., and Rand, A. S. (1993). ''Acoustic, auditory, and morphological divergence in three species of neotropical frog.'' Journal of Comparative Physiology A, 172, 425-438.
Distribution and Habitat
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por AmphibiaWeb articles
This species is found along the Atlantic versant in the northern part of its range (Nicaragua to eastern Panama) and along both the Atlantic and Pacific versants from central Panama into northwestern Colombia. It also extends just across the Continental Divide in northwestern Costa Rica. It occurs from 20-700 m above sea level. Dendropsophus phlebodes lives primarily in lowland humid forests and breeds in shallow temporary ponds with grassy vegetation (IUCN 2006; Duellman 2001).
Life History, Abundance, Activity, and Special Behaviors
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por AmphibiaWeb articles
This species is moderately common and appears to be able to tolerate some degree of habitat disturbance (IUCN 2006).
Life History, Abundance, Activity, and Special Behaviors
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por AmphibiaWeb articles
Males call throughout the year, but more often form large breeding choruses at the beginning of the rainy season (Savage 2002; Duellman 2001). Calls are made from elevated sites 1-2 m high within emergent vegetation (grasses, reeds, or sedges) near the edges of shallow, grassy, temporary ponds (Duellman 1967; Savage 2002) or flooded meadows (Schwartz and Wells 1984). Males are occasionally found on broad-leafed emergent plants (Duellman 1967). Breeding activity peaks on the second or third night after a heavy rain (Duellman 1967). In contrast, the presence of a cloudless sky and full moon has a significant dampening effect on breeding, even after heavy rains (Duellman 1967). In response to competing calls, males synchronize their calls, increase their calling rate, and add click notes (Savage 2002). In Panama, Dendropsophus phlebodes has been found calling in mixed choruses including D. microcephalus and D. ebraccatus (Wilczynski et al. 1993). Males of this species may also emit a long aggressive call when another male approaches (Savage 2002).The mating call is an insect-like 'creek-eek-eek-eek'(Savage 2002). The multipart advertisement call is composed of a single, long unpaired primary note, alone or followed by up to 28 shorter unpaired secondary notes. Each note is constructed of a train of pulses. The primary note, which lasts 13 to 15 pulses, has a duration of 0.07 to 0.016 seconds while the secondary notes range from 0.04 to 0.12 seconds in duration. If secondary notes are produced, the male emits 210 to 350 secondary notes per minute. The dominant frequency varies from 3220 to 4067 kHz (Duellman 2001; Fouquette 1960; Wells 1988; Wilczynski et al. 1993). Amplexus is axillary and occurs in the water. Eggs are deposited into and float on water and are usually attached to emergent vegetation. An average of about 400 eggs are deposited in small clusters (Duellman 1967; Roberts 1994). The tadpoles live in the shallow parts of the pond and can be found most frequently around submergent vegetation (Duellman 2001). They are most numerous between August and October (Savage 2002). The adult diet consists of arthropods (Guyer and Donnelly 2005).
Behavior
(
Espanhol; Castelhano
)
fornecido por INBio
Son nocturnas y arborícolas.
- autor
- Luis Humberto Elizondo C.
- editor
- Federico Bolaños V.Enrique Quesada D.
Diagnostic Description
(
Espanhol; Castelhano
)
fornecido por INBio
Localidad del tipo: San Carlos, Boca de Arenal, Provincia Alajuela, Costa Rica.
Depositario del tipo: Holotipo: USNM 29970.
Recolector del tipo:
- autor
- Luis Humberto Elizondo C.
- editor
- Federico Bolaños V.Enrique Quesada D.
Habitat
(
Espanhol; Castelhano
)
fornecido por INBio
Viven en bosques húmedos.
- autor
- Luis Humberto Elizondo C.
- editor
- Federico Bolaños V.Enrique Quesada D.
Distribution
(
Espanhol; Castelhano
)
fornecido por INBio
Distribucion en Costa Rica: En las tierras húmedas y bajas de la vertiente Atlántica, y en la línea divisora de aguas en las cordilleras de Guanacaste y Tilarán, entre 20 y 620 m. de elevación (Savage 2002).
Distribucion General: Se encuentran en las tierras bajas del Caribe desde el sur de Nicaragua hasta Panamá y las tierras bajas del Pacífico del este de Panamá y el noroeste de Colombia.
- autor
- Luis Humberto Elizondo C.
- editor
- Federico Bolaños V.Enrique Quesada D.
Reproduction
(
Espanhol; Castelhano
)
fornecido por INBio
Los machos cantan desde las briznas de zacate que emergen de los charcos temporales. Depositan los huevos en pequeñas masas sobre el agua y pueden estar parcialmente adheridos a la vegetación inundada. Por vivir en zonas muy húmedas pueden reproducirse durante casi todos los meses del año.
- autor
- Luis Humberto Elizondo C.
- editor
- Federico Bolaños V.Enrique Quesada D.
Diagnostic Description
(
Espanhol; Castelhano
)
fornecido por INBio
La piel dorsal es lisa o levemente granulada. Con el dorso de color no uniformemente verde-amarillento en ejemplares vivos (blanco-amarillento en ejemplares preservados), y usualmente presentan una serie de manchas breves. Exhiben una línea oscura que suele extenderse desde la narina hacia el canto rostral y el ojo. Todo el flanco puede ser más oscuro que el dorso o con una franja dorsolateral oscura estrecha. El vientre es inmaculado o con algunas manchas oscuras dispersas lateralmente. El perfil del hocico es redondeado. El tímpano es vertical, dirigido lateralmente, el diámetro del tímpano es al menos la mitad del diámetro del ojo. El ojo presenta la pupila horizontal bajo luz fuerte o en líquido preservante. La franja interorbital usualmente está presente, débil o fuertemente marcada. La longitud estándar máxima de ejemplares adultos machos es de 22 a 38 mm. y la de las hembras de 24 a 30 mm.
Las manos exhiben membranas entre los dedos ll-lll-lV. La superficie posterior del muslo es uniforme o con manchas claras y oscuras. La superficie posterior del muslo es mucho más clara que la superficie dorsal de la tibia. La superficie superior de la tibia a menudo presenta barras negras. La superficie posterior del muslo y del vientre son de color amarillo-anaranjado en ejemplares vivos. Los dientes vomerianos están dispuestos en series lineares, nunca bordean el margen de las coanas.
- autor
- Luis Humberto Elizondo C.
- editor
- Federico Bolaños V.Enrique Quesada D.
Dendropsophus phlebodes
(
Catalão; Valenciano
)
fornecido por wikipedia CA
Dendropsophus phlebodes és una espècie de granota que viu a Colòmbia, Costa Rica, Nicaragua i Panamà.
Es troba amenaçada d'extinció per la pèrdua del seu hàbitat natural.
Referències
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A
Wikimedia Commons hi ha contingut multimèdia relatiu a:
Dendropsophus phlebodes 
- Solís, F., Ibáñez, R., Jaramillo, C., Chaves, G., Savage, J., Köhler, G., Jungfer, K.-H. & Bolívar, W. 2004. Dendropsophus phlebodes. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Accedit a data 10 de gener de 2008.
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Dendropsophus phlebodes: Brief Summary
(
Catalão; Valenciano
)
fornecido por wikipedia CA
Dendropsophus phlebodes és una espècie de granota que viu a Colòmbia, Costa Rica, Nicaragua i Panamà.
Es troba amenaçada d'extinció per la pèrdua del seu hàbitat natural.
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Dendropsophus phlebodes
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por wikipedia EN
Dendropsophus phlebodes, the San Carlos treefrog or San Carlos dwarf treefrog, is a species of frog in the family Hylidae. It is found in western Colombia, Costa Rica, Nicaragua and Panama.[1][2] Its natural habitats are tropical moist lowland forests, but it may also occur in disturbed habitats. It is threatened by habitat loss.[1]
Description
The San Carlos treefrog is a small, sturdy species with the female growing to a snout–vent length of 28 millimetres (1.1 in) while the males are slightly smaller. This frog has a blunt snout and a wide head and the tympanum is partially concealed by a fold of skin. There is a single vocal sac in the throat and a pair of vocal slits. The fore-legs are short and the long, slender fingers have large flattened pads at the tips. The hind legs are short but powerful and the long toes are partially webbed and have expanded tips. The skin on the dorsal surface is smooth and has a pale brown colour with slight darker patterning. The ventral surface is granular and white, blending to cream and yellow on the inside of the thighs. The iris is yellowish-bronze and during the breeding season, the male's vocal sac is yellow.[3] The confused D. phlebodes is sometimes confused with other frogs within its same genus. The D. ebraccatus can be distinguished by the hourglass pattern on its back. Additionally, D. phlebodes have shorter primary calling notes.[4]
Distribution and habitat
The San Carlos treefrog is a nocturnal, lowland species found on Pacific northwestern Colombia (Chocó and Risaralda Departments[5]) and Panama, as well as on the Atlantic slopes of Panama, Costa Rica, and Nicaragua. Its natural habitat is humid forest where it breeds in shallow pools. It does not generally occur at greater elevations than 700 metres (2,300 ft) above sea level.[3] It is also often found in cultivated land, swampy meadows, and drainage ditches.[1]
Biology
The San Carlos treefrog is a generalist predator feeding on small terrestrial invertebrates such as spiders, moth larvae and fly larvae.[6]
It is an "explosive breeder", the main reproductive period starting with the arrival of the rainy season.[1] The males are stimulated by heavy rain to congregate, calling from low vegetation beside temporary pools or flooded fields. Many males may synchronise their calls and in Panama, this species is often joined by Dendropsophus microcephalus and Dendropsophus ebraccatus in a joint chorus. The eggs are laid in clusters of about four hundred eggs and deposited among plants growing in shallow water.[1]
Status
The San Carlos treefrog is listed as being of "least concern" in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. It is considered to have a stable population, is common over a wide range and is relatively adaptable. Its greatest threat may be pollution of the waters in which it breeds.[1]
References
-
^ a b c d e f g IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group (2020). "Dendropsophus phlebodes". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T55598A54346997. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T55598A54346997.en. Retrieved 14 November 2021.
-
^ a b Frost, Darrel R. (2020). "Dendropsophus phlebodes (Stejneger, 1906)". Amphibian Species of the World: An Online Reference. Version 6.1. American Museum of Natural History. doi:10.5531/db.vz.0001. Retrieved 27 May 2020.
-
^ a b Chu, Stephen (2008-04-11). "Dendropsophus phlebodes". AmphibiaWeb. Retrieved 2012-10-20.
-
^ Jiménez, Randall R.; Bolaños, Federico (June 2012). "Use of food and spatial resources by two frogs of the genus Dendropsophus (Anura: Hylidae) from La Selva, Costa Rica". Phyllomedusa Journal of Herpetology. 11 (1): 51–62.
-
^ Acosta Galvis, A. R. (2020). "Dendropsophus phlebodes (Stejneger, 1906)". Lista de los Anfibios de Colombia: Referencia en linea V.10.2020. Retrieved 27 May 2020.
-
^ Jimenez, Randall; Bolanos, Federico (2012). "Use of food and spatial resources by two frogs of the genus Dendropsophus (Anura: Hylidae) from La Selva, Costa Rica" (PDF). Phyllomedusa. 11 (1): 51–62.
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Dendropsophus phlebodes: Brief Summary
(
Inglês
)
fornecido por wikipedia EN
Dendropsophus phlebodes, the San Carlos treefrog or San Carlos dwarf treefrog, is a species of frog in the family Hylidae. It is found in western Colombia, Costa Rica, Nicaragua and Panama. Its natural habitats are tropical moist lowland forests, but it may also occur in disturbed habitats. It is threatened by habitat loss.
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Dendropsophus phlebodes
(
Espanhol; Castelhano
)
fornecido por wikipedia ES
Dendropsophus phlebodes es una especie de anfibios de la familia Hylidae. Habita en Colombia, Costa Rica, Nicaragua y Panamá. Sus hábitats naturales incluyen bosques tropicales o subtropicales secos y a baja altitud, marismas de agua dulce, corrientes intermitentes de agua, jardines rurales y zonas previamente boscosas ahora muy degradadas Está amenazada de extinción por la destrucción de su hábitat natural.
Referencias
- Solís, F., Ibáñez, R., Jaramillo, C., Chaves, G., Savage, J., Köhler, G., Jungfer, K.-H. & Bolívar, W. 2004. Dendropsophus phlebodes. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Consultado el 21 de julio de 2007.
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- Autores y editores de Wikipedia
Dendropsophus phlebodes: Brief Summary
(
Espanhol; Castelhano
)
fornecido por wikipedia ES
Dendropsophus phlebodes es una especie de anfibios de la familia Hylidae. Habita en Colombia, Costa Rica, Nicaragua y Panamá. Sus hábitats naturales incluyen bosques tropicales o subtropicales secos y a baja altitud, marismas de agua dulce, corrientes intermitentes de agua, jardines rurales y zonas previamente boscosas ahora muy degradadas Está amenazada de extinción por la destrucción de su hábitat natural.
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Dendropsophus phlebodes
(
Basco
)
fornecido por wikipedia EU
(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
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Dendropsophus phlebodes: Brief Summary
(
Basco
)
fornecido por wikipedia EU
Dendropsophus phlebodes Dendropsophus generoko animalia da. Anfibioen barruko Hylidae familian sailkatuta dago, Anura ordenan.
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Dendropsophus phlebodes
(
Francês
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fornecido por wikipedia FR
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Dendropsophus phlebodes: Brief Summary
(
Francês
)
fornecido por wikipedia FR
Dendropsophus phlebodes est une espèce d'amphibiens de la famille des Hylidae.
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Dendropsophus phlebodes
(
Neerlandês; Flamengo
)
fornecido por wikipedia NL
Herpetologie Dendropsophus phlebodes is een kikker uit de familie boomkikkers (Hylidae).[2] De groep werd voor het eerst wetenschappelijk beschreven door Leonhard Hess Stejneger in 1906. Oorspronkelijk werd de wetenschappelijke naam Hyla phlebodes gebruikt.
De soort komt voor in Colombia, Panama, Costa Rica en Nicaragua.[3]
- Referenties
- Bronnen
-
(en) - Darrel R. Frost - Amphibian Species of the World: an online reference - Version 6.0 - American Museum of Natural History - Dendropsophus phlebodes - Website Geconsulteerd 8 december 2016
-
(en) - University of California - AmphibiaWeb - Dendropsophus phlebodes - Website
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Dendropsophus phlebodes
(
Português
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fornecido por wikipedia PT
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Dendropsophus phlebodes: Brief Summary
(
Português
)
fornecido por wikipedia PT
Dendropsophus phlebodes é uma espécie de anfíbio da família Hylidae.
Pode ser encontrada nos seguintes países: Colômbia, Costa Rica, Nicarágua e Panamá.
Os seus habitats naturais são: florestas subtropicais ou tropicais húmidas de baixa altitude, marismas de água doce, marismas intermitentes de água doce, jardins rurais e florestas secundárias altamente degradadas.
Está ameaçada por perda de habitat.
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Dendropsophus phlebodes
(
Vietnamita
)
fornecido por wikipedia VI
Dendropsophus phlebodes là một loài ếch thuộc họ Nhái bén. Loài này có ở Colombia, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, và Panama. Môi trường sống tự nhiên của chúng là rừng ẩm vùng đất thấp nhiệt đới hoặc cận nhiệt đới, đầm nước ngọt, đầm nước ngọt có nước theo mùa, vườn nông thôn, và rừng thoái hóa nghiêm trọng. Chúng hiện đang bị đe dọa vì mất môi trường sống.
Tham khảo
-
^ Frank Solís, Roberto Ibáñez, César Jaramillo, Gerardo Chaves, Jay Savage, Gunther Köhler, Karl-Heinz Jungfer, Wilmar Bolívar, Federico Bolaños, Javier Sunyer (2010). “Dendropsophus phlebodes”. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Truy cập ngày 22 tháng 10 năm 2012.
- Solís, F., Ibáñez, R., Jaramillo, C., Chaves, G., Savage, J., Köhler, G., Jungfer, K.-H. & Bolívar, W. 2004. Dendropsophus phlebodes. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Truy cập 21 tháng 7 năm 2007.
Liên kết ngoài
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Phương tiện liên quan tới Dendropsophus phlebodes tại Wikimedia Commons
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Dendropsophus phlebodes: Brief Summary
(
Vietnamita
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fornecido por wikipedia VI
Dendropsophus phlebodes là một loài ếch thuộc họ Nhái bén. Loài này có ở Colombia, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, và Panama. Môi trường sống tự nhiên của chúng là rừng ẩm vùng đất thấp nhiệt đới hoặc cận nhiệt đới, đầm nước ngọt, đầm nước ngọt có nước theo mùa, vườn nông thôn, và rừng thoái hóa nghiêm trọng. Chúng hiện đang bị đe dọa vì mất môi trường sống.
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Bài viết liên quan đến họ Nhái bén (Hylidae) này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn. 