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Description ( Inglês )

fornecido por AmphibiaWeb articles
Dorsal skin is pustulate; males have a larger concentration on the top and sides of head (Hoogmoed 1969). Males also have more spotting on the throat. Dorsum coloration varies from bronze, grayish-brown, gold, or yellowish-tan darker mottling and with golden-yellow dorsolateral stripes. Photographs can be found in Gaige (1926) and Bokermann (1958); cranial osteology and a detailed dorsal view of a specimen can be found in Lynch and Freeman (1966). The holotype measured 31 mm (Gaige 1926), all specimens since have been smaller. In Lynch and Freeman (1966), the largest male measured 20.6 mm SVL and largest female measured 26.6 mm SVL. Duellman (1997) collected 17 specimens from Venezuela, and the largest female was 27 mm and largest male was 24.6 mm. Snout subacuminate when viewed dorsally; sloping posteroventrally when viewed laterally. Tympanum only visible in males. Webbing absent on hands, 2/3 webbed on hindfeet. Family-level morphological characters for Allophryne ruthveni follow those mentioned by Lynch and Freeman (1966): 1. Presacral vertebrae procoelus, eight in number; 2. Parahyoid absent; 3. Free ribs lacking; 4. Bidder's organ absent; 5. Intercalary cartilages present; 6. Coccyx articulating with sacrum by two condyles; 7. Tarsal bones not fused; 8. Pectoral girdle arciferal; 9. Epicoracoidal horns present, free; 10. Terminal phalanges T-shaped; 11. Sacrum procoelus and diapophyses expanded; 12. Maxillae, premaxillae, and prevomers edentate; 13. Cranial roofing bones well ossified. Character "9" is shared with Centrolenidae, Bufonidae, Hylidae, and Leptodactylidae. Character "6" an important character state for placement in Centrolenidae and Hylidae, has been rejected by Ford and Cannatella (1993) as serial sections of toes did not show the presence of true intercalary cartilage.Currently within the family Allophrynidae, with its only congener A. resplendens. Phylogenetic uncertainty has plagued this species since its discovery (Gaige 1926) despite morphological (Skin-Hoogmoed 1969 osteology- Lynch and Freeman 1966) and recent molecular (Austin et al. 2002) studies attempting to clarify its place within the anuran clade. Originally placed in the family Bufonidae by Gaige (1926) (leptodactylids at this time were considered to be bufonids (Ford and Cannatella 1993)) after referencing Noble�s (1922) characters for the bufonids. It has since been placed in Leptodactylidae (Gallardo 1965), Centrolenidae, Hylidae (Noble 1931; Lynch and Freeman 1966; Duellman 1970; Duellman 1975; Duellman 1977; Frost 1985; Duellman and Trueb 1986), and in its own family the Allophrynidae (Savage 1973; Savage 1986; reviewed in Caldwell and Hoogmoed 1998 and Austin et al. 2002) Bokermann (1958) described a new species, Sphoenohyla seabrai, from Serra do Navio, Amap�, Brasil that he later found to have been synonymous with Allophryne ruthveni (Bokermann 1966). Molecular work with 16s and 12s rRNA �provisionally supports the notion that Allophryne ruthveni is sister [basally positioned] to the Centrolenidae, although some analysis (not shown) did place Allophryne ruthveni within the Centrolenidae� (Austin et al. 2002). This relationship is weakly supported.Castroviejo-Fisher et al (2012) described its only confamilial and congeneric species, A. resplendens, and proposes a combination of characters that may be diagnostic for the family. However a thorough phylogenetic analysis is hampered by a lack of robust samples for A. resplendens.

Referências

  • Austin, J. D., Lougheed, S. C., Tanner, K., Chek, A. A., Bogart, J. P., and Boag, P. T. (2002). ''A molecular perspective on the evolutionary affinities of an enigmatic neotropical frog, Allophryne ruthveni.'' Zoological Journal of the Linnaean Society, 134, 335-346.
  • Bokermann, W. C. A. (1958). ''Una nueva especie del genero Sphoenohyla del Brasil (Amphibia, Salienta, Hylidae).'' Neotropica, 4, 43-46.
  • Bokermann, W. C. A. (1966). Lista anotada das localidades tipo de anfíbios brasileiros. Serviço de Documentação-RUSP, São Paulo, Brazil.
  • Caldwell, J. P. (1996). ''Diversity of Amazonian anuran: the role of systematics and phylogeny in identifying macroecological and evolutionary patterns.'' Neotropical Biodiversity and Conservation. A. C. Gibson, eds., Mildred E. Mathias Botanical Garden Miscellaneous Publications, Los Angeles, California.
  • Caldwell, J. P., and Hoogmoed, M. S. (1998). ''Allophrynidae, Allophryne, A. ruthveni.'' Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, 666.1-666.3.
  • Castroviejo-Fisher, S., Pérez-Peña, P.E., Padial, J.M., and Guayasamin, J.M. (2012). ''A second species of the family Allophrynidae (Amphibia: Anura).'' American Museum Novitates, (3739), 1-17.
  • Duellman, W. E. (1977). ''Liste der rezenten Amphibien und Reptilien: Hylidae, Centrolenidae, Pseudidae.'' Das Tierreich, 95, 1-225.
  • Duellman, W. E. and Trueb, L. (1986). Biology of Amphibians. McGraw-Hill, New York.
  • Frost, D. R. (1985). Amphibian Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographical Reference. Allen Press, Lawrence, Kansas.
  • Gaige, H. T. (1926). ''A new frog from British Guiana.'' University of Michigan, Occasional Papers of the Museum Natural History , 176, 1-3.
  • Gallardo, J. M. (1965). ''A propósito de los Leptodactylidae (Amphibia Anura).'' Papéis Avulsos, 17, 77-87.
  • Hoogmoed, M. S. (1969). ''Notes on the Herpetofauna of Surinam. II. On the Occurrence of Allophryne ruthveni Gaige (Amphibia, Salientia, Hylidae) in Surinam.'' Zoologische Mededelingen Leiden , 44(5), 751-781.
  • Lynch, J. D. and Freeman, H. L. (1966). ''Systematic status of a South American frog, Allophryne ruthveni Gaige.'' University of Kansas Museum Natural History Miscellaneous Publication, 17, 493-502.
  • Noble, G. K. (1922). ''The phylogeny of the Salientia. 1, The osteology and the thigh musculature : their bearing on classification and phylogeny.'' Bulletin of The American Museum of Natural History, 46, 1-88.
  • Noble, G. K. (1931). The Biology of the Amphibia. McGraw-Hill, New York.
  • Savage, J. M. (1973). ''The geographic distribution of frogs.'' Evolutionary Biology of the Anurans: Contemporary Research on Major Problems. J. L. Vial, eds., University Missouri Press, Columbia, 351-445.
  • Savage, J. M. (1986). ''Nomenclatural notes on the Anura (Amphibia).'' Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 99, 42-45.

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Distribution and Habitat ( Inglês )

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Distributional map (taken for this account) and a picture of a living specimen can be found in Caldwell and Hoogmoed (1998).
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Life History, Abundance, Activity, and Special Behaviors ( Inglês )

fornecido por AmphibiaWeb articles
Duellman (1997) found males vocalizing early in the evening and at night following a storm. Calling takes place on vegetation in the forest 1-2 meters above water-filled depressions. A pair was spotted in axillary amplexus 1.5 meters above the ground; they produced approximately 300 pigmented eggs in a plastic bag following capture. Eggs were deposited in water; Duellman saw this life history trait as support for their placement within the Hylidae. Caldwell (1996) reported a congregation of several hundred individuals calling from 1-3 m above the ground at the edge of the rising waters of the Rio Xingu in Para, Brasil. Hoogmoed (1969) collected all his specimens within 100 m of a creek or river in Surinam. Caldwell and Hoogmoed (1998) describe the vocalization as a low, raspy trill. Call rate is 18 notes per minute; mean call duration is 352.5 ms; dominant frequency is 4.71 kHz.
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Blattkrötchen ( Alemão )

fornecido por wikipedia DE

Die Blattkrötchen (Allophryne ) sind eine kleine, im nordöstlichen Südamerika beheimatete Gattung der Froschlurche. Wegen einer Reihe von Merkmalen, die diese Gattung von anderen Froschgattungen unterscheidet, wurde für sie eine eigene, monogenerische Familie errichtet, die Allophrynidae. Diese Familie umfasst die drei Arten der Gattung Allophryne.

Merkmale

Bei der schon seit 1926 beschriebenen ersten Art der Familie, Allophryne ruthveni, handelt es sich um einen kleinen Frosch mit einer Körperlänge von 20 bis 30 mm. Die Weibchen sind etwas größer als die Männchen.[1] Das Erscheinungsbild dieser Art erinnert an das der Laubfrösche, im Unterschied zu diesen sind die terminalen Finger- und Zehenknochen jedoch nicht klauen-, sondern T-förmig.[2] Der Rücken ist warzig und stachelig, mit einer Marmorierung in bronzenen, graubraunen, goldenen oder gelblichbraunen Farbtönen und goldgelben Seitenstreifen. Die Schnauze erscheint in der Rückenansicht leicht zugespitzt, in der Seitenansicht nach unten gebogen. Das Tympanum ist nur bei Männchen sichtbar. Schwimmhäute sind an den Hinterfüßen vorhanden, während sie an den Vorderfüßen fehlen.

Um den Status als eigenständige Familie zu begründen, wurde eine Liste von 13 Skelettmerkmalen von Allophryne ruthveni angeführt.[3][1] Weitere Arten, die zu dieser Beschreibung passen, wurden erst seit 2012 beschrieben.

Geografische Verbreitung

 src=
Verbreitungsgebiet von Allophryne ruthveni

Allophryne ruthveni wurde in Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, Französisch-Guayana und den brasilianischen Bundesstaaten Rondônia, Amapá, Pará, Amazonas, Mato Grosso und Roraima gefunden.[4]

Eine weitere Art (A. resplendens ) wurde am Javari in Peru entdeckt. Die 2013 beschriebene Art Allophryne relicta ist nur von der Typuslokalität im brasilianischen Bundesstaat Bahia bekannt.

Lebensweise

Blattkrötchen leben in lichten Wäldern in der Nähe von Tümpeln, Weihern, Bächen und Flüssen. Sie halten sich vorzugsweise in der bodennahen Kraut- und Strauchschicht in Höhen von einem bis drei Metern auf, wo sie sich mitunter zu Gruppen von einigen hundert Tieren versammeln.[5] Das Vorkommen scheint auf Primärwälder beschränkt zu sein. Der Ruf ist ein tiefes, kratzendes Trällern, das vor allem in den frühen Abendstunden zu hören ist. Die Vermehrung erfolgt explosiv in temporären Stillgewässern. Die Paarung erfolgt oberhalb des Bodens auf Pflanzen, wobei das Männchen den Rücken des Weibchens besteigt und es umklammert (Amplexus axillaris). Der Laich besteht aus etwa 300 pigmentierten Eiern und wird ins Wasser abgegeben.[6]

Systematik und Taxonomie

Allophryne ruthveni wurde bereits 1926 beschrieben, bis 2012 wurden aber keine ähnlichen Arten entdeckt. 1973 wurde von Jay Mathers Savage eine eigene Familie für diese Art geschaffen, die Familie der Blattkrötchen (Allophrynidae). Savage lieferte jedoch keine ausführliche Diagnose für die Familie.[7] Dies wurde fünf Jahre später von Coleman Jett Goin, Olive Bown Goin und George Robert Zug in ihrem Grundlagenwerk Introduction to Herpetology („Einführung in die Herpetologie“) nachgeholt.[8]

Die Blattkrötchen sind Vertreter der Neobatrachia, innerhalb derer die Verwandtschaftsbeziehungen zu anderen Taxa kontrovers diskutiert wurden. Nachdem sie aufgrund ihrer äußeren Erscheinung lange Zeit vor allem mit den Laubfröschen in Verbindung gebracht wurden, werden sie in jüngerer Zeit wegen der T-förmigen Finger- und Fußknochen als Schwestergruppe der Glasfrösche aufgefasst. Letzteres wurde durch molekulargenetische Befunde bestätigt.[9]

Eine weitere, im Jahr 2012 beschriebene Art wirkt etwas robuster und hat eine dunkle Grundfärbung mit gelben Punkten.[10] Sie ist somit äußerlich unterscheidbar und wurde durch Sequenzunterschiede in der ribosomalen RNA (mittels Sequenzanalyse) als neue Art mit dem Namen Allophryne resplendens klassifiziert.[11] 2013 wurde Allophryne relicta erstmals beschrieben.

Somit sind in dieser Familie drei Arten vertreten:[12]

(Stand: 10. April 2021)

Gefährdung und Schutz

Die von Blattkrötchen benötigten Lebensräume sind im Verbreitungsgebiet von Allophryne ruthveni in den vergangenen Jahren durch Waldrodung etwas reduziert worden. Die Bedrohung ist jedoch gegenwärtig gering, da die Tiere überwiegend in Regionen leben, die wenig vom Menschen beeinflusst sind. In der Roten Liste gefährdeter Arten der IUCN wird Allophryne ruthveni als Least Concern (nicht gefährdet) eingestuft.[4]

Einzelnachweise

  1. a b Raul E. Diaz: Allophryne ruthveni: Tukeit-Hill Frog. AmphibiaWeb, University of California, Berkeley 2003. Abgerufen am 11. April 2021.
  2. Allophryne ruthveni. In: Encyclopedia of Life. Abgerufen am 10. November 2011.
  3. J. D. Lynch, H. L. Freeman: Systematic status of a South American frog, Allophryne ruthveni Gaige. In: University of Kansas Museum Natural History Miscellaneous Publication. 17, 1966, S. 493–502.
  4. a b Enrique La Marca, Claudia Azevedo-Ramos, César Luis Barrio Amorós: Allophryne ruthveni. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. 2004, abgerufen am 10. November 2011.
  5. J. P. Caldwell, M. S Hoogmoed: Allophrynidae, Allophryne, A. ruthveni. In: Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, 1998, S. 666.1-666.3.
  6. W. E. Duellman: Liste der rezenten Amphibien und Reptilien: Hylidae, Centrolenidae, Pseudidae. In: Das Tierreich. 95, 1977, S. 1–225.
  7. J. M. Savage: The geographic distribution of frogs: patterns and predictions. In: J. L. Vial (Hrsg.:) Evolutionary Biology of the Anurans: Contemporary Research on Major Problems. University of Missouri Press, Columbia 1973. Abgerufen am 10. April 2021.
  8. C. J. Goin, O. B. Goin & G. R. Zug: Introduction to Herpetology. Third Edition. W. H. Freeman and Co., San Francisco 1978.
  9. Juan Guayasamin, Santiago Castroviejo-Fisher, Linda Trueb, José Ayarzagüena, Marco Rada, Carles Vilà: Phylogenetic systematics of Glassfrogs (Amphibia: Centrolenidae) and their sister taxon Allophryne ruthveni. (= Zootaxa. 2100). Magnolia Press, Auckland 2009, ISBN 978-1-86977-354-0, S. 1–97. (Online edition). Abstract, PDF online
  10. The Field Museum (Hrsg.): Rapid Biological Inventories: Image Gallery: Perú 11. Chicago 2002 (fieldmuseum.org [abgerufen am 10. November 2011]).
  11. A Second Species of the Family Allophrynidae. American Museum of Natural History, 2012, abgerufen am 24. Juli 2012.
  12. Darrel R. Frost: Allophrynidae Gaige, 1926. Amphibian Species of the World: An Online Reference. Version 6.1. Electronic Database accessible at American Museum of Natural History, New York 1998–2021. Abgerufen am 11. April 2021.
  13. U. Caramaschi, V. G. D. Orrico, J. Faivovich, I. R. Dias, M. Solé: A new species of Allophryne (Anura: Allophrynidae) from the Atlantic Rain Forest Biome of eastern Brazil. In: Herpetologica. 69, 2013, S. 480–491.
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Blattkrötchen: Brief Summary ( Alemão )

fornecido por wikipedia DE

Die Blattkrötchen (Allophryne ) sind eine kleine, im nordöstlichen Südamerika beheimatete Gattung der Froschlurche. Wegen einer Reihe von Merkmalen, die diese Gattung von anderen Froschgattungen unterscheidet, wurde für sie eine eigene, monogenerische Familie errichtet, die Allophrynidae. Diese Familie umfasst die drei Arten der Gattung Allophryne.

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wikipedia DE

Tukeit Hill frog ( Inglês )

fornecido por wikipedia EN

The Tukeit Hill frogs are three species of frog in the genus Allophryne.[1][2][3] Originally erected for the species Allophryne ruthveni, the genus was placed as the only member of the subfamily Allophryninae, which was in turn placed in the family Centrolenidae,[4] but they are now considered as the only genus in the monotypic family Allophrynidae.[1][2]

These frogs live in Guyana, Venezuela, Suriname, Brazil and Bolivia. The holotype was discovered at Tukeit Hill, below Kaieteur Falls, Guyana, hence the common English name.

Description

The Tukeit Hill frog is a small frog of variable colouration, either black, with stripes and spots which can be golden or dull yellow, or a dull yellow or golden ventral surface, with black strips and spots. It has a flat body, and small, flat head. It has a single, submandibular vocal sac. The toe pads are enlarged, wider than the fingers, and the tympanum is visible. The Tukeit Hill frog is superficially similar to the tree frogs, but the ends of their phalanges differ in shape.[5]

Taxonomy

Allophryne ruthveni is part of a hitherto (see below) monotypic subfamily of anurans: Allophryninae. The evolutionary relationships of this species have always been controversial. It has been joined to families such as Hylidae, Bufonidae, and Leptodactylidae, but until recently, its closer relatives were unknown.

Allophryne is similar in its general shape to tree frogs of the family Hylidae, but differs by having the last phalanges of fingers and toes T-shaped, a character found in glassfrogs, while tree frogs have claw-shaped ones. When herpetologist G. K. Noble examined Allophryne, he suggested it was closely related to glassfrogs, a hypothesis later confirmed by recent phylogenetic studies, which have found Allophryne is the sister taxon of the glassfrog clade Centroleninae.[6]

The glassfrogs differ from Allophryne by having much more delicate skulls and by possessing intercalary elements between the last phalanges of fingers, a process on the third metacarpal, and nonexplosive breeding, among other characteristics. Both glassfrogs and the Allophrynidae are closely related to Leptodactylidae.

Recently, an undescribed species of frog, which probably belongs to the genus Allophryne, was discovered in Peru [1]. This suggests the genus is actually more widespread and more species await discovery. As A. ruthveni was assumed to be a northwestern Amazonian endemic, the Peruvian frog indicates the Allophrynidae might have been more widespread in prehistoric times, only later on disappearing from most of the Amazon Basin, and are actually a relict group. Alternatively, they might occur in the western Amazonas lowlands and simply have not been found yet, though this seems less likely.

Behaviour

The Tukeit Hill frog is semiarboreal, spending some times low in the trees, 1–3 m high, and some of the time on the ground. They are explosive breeders, taking advantage of small water ponds formed on the forest floor after periods of rain. This frog inhabits sparse forest, and may be restricted to forested areas, avoiding cleared land.

References

  1. ^ a b "Allophrynidae". Amphibian Species of the World. Retrieved 26 September 2019.
  2. ^ a b "Allophrynidae". AmphibiaWeb. Retrieved 26 September 2019.
  3. ^ Santiago Castroviejo-Fisher; Pedro E. Peréz-Peña; Jose M. Padial & Juan M. Guayasamin (2012). "A second species of the family Allophrynidae (Amphibia, Anura)". American Museum Novitates (3739): 1–17. doi:10.1206/3739.2. hdl:2246/6165. S2CID 83498000.
  4. ^ Frost, Darrel R.; Grant, Taran; Faivovich, Julián; Bain, Raoul H.; Haas, Alexander; Haddad, Celio F. B.; De Sa, Rafael O.; Channing, A.; Wilkinson, Mark; Donnellan, Stephen C.; Raxworthy, Christopher J.; Campbell, Jonathan A.; Blotto, Boris L.; Moler, Paul; Drewes, Robert C.; Nussbaum, Ronald A.; Lynch, John D.; Green, David M. & Wheeler, Ward C. (2006): The Amphibian Tree of Life]. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 297: 1-370. PDF fulltext
  5. ^ "Allophryne ruthveni". tolweb.org. Retrieved 2021-03-06.
  6. ^ (Austin et al. 2002, Frost et al. 2006).
  • Austin, J. D.; Lougheed, S. C.; Tanner, K; Chek, A. A.; Bogart, J. P. & Boag, P. T. (2002): A molecular perspective on the evolutionary affinities of an enigmatic neotropical frog, Allophryne ruthveni. Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 134(3): 335–346. PDF fulltext
  • Cogger, H. G.; Zweifel, R. G. & Kirschner, D. (2004): Encyclopedia of Reptiles & Amphibians (2nd edition). Fog City Press. ISBN 1-877019-69-0
  • Frost, Darrel R.; Grant, Taran; Faivovich, Julián; Bain, Raoul H.; Haas, Alexander; Haddad, Celio F. B.; De Sa, Rafael O.; Channing, A.; Wilkinson, Mark; Donnellan, Stephen C.; Raxworthy, Christopher J.; Campbell, Jonathan A.; Blotto, Boris L.; Moler, Paul; Drewes, Robert C.; Nussbaum, Ronald A.; Lynch, John D.; Green, David M. & Wheeler, Ward C. (2006): The Amphibian Tree of Life]. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 297: 1-370. PDF fulltext
  • InfoNatura (2005): Allophryne ruthveni Version 4.1, 28 June 2005. Retrieved 2007-JAN-06.
  • Enrique La Marca, Claudia Azevedo-Ramos, César Luis Barrio Amorós (2004). "Allophryne ruthveni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2004: e.T59659A11965583. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T59659A11965583.en. Retrieved 11 November 2021.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) Database entry includes a range map and a brief justification of why this species is of least concern
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Tukeit Hill frog: Brief Summary ( Inglês )

fornecido por wikipedia EN

The Tukeit Hill frogs are three species of frog in the genus Allophryne. Originally erected for the species Allophryne ruthveni, the genus was placed as the only member of the subfamily Allophryninae, which was in turn placed in the family Centrolenidae, but they are now considered as the only genus in the monotypic family Allophrynidae.

These frogs live in Guyana, Venezuela, Suriname, Brazil and Bolivia. The holotype was discovered at Tukeit Hill, below Kaieteur Falls, Guyana, hence the common English name.

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Allophryne ruthveni ( Espanhol; Castelhano )

fornecido por wikipedia ES

Allophryne ruthveni es una especie de anfibio anuro de la familia Allophrynidae. Se distribuye por las regiones de selva tropical del sur de Venezuela, noroeste y centro de Brasil, Guayana y Surinam. Posiblemente también está presente en Bolivia y Colombia.

Referencias

  1. La Marca E., Azevedo-Ramos C., Barrio Amorós C.L. (2004). «Allophryne ruthveni». Lista Roja de especies amenazadas de la UICN 2022 (en inglés). ISSN 2307-8235. Consultado el 17 de septiembre de 2012.
  • Frost, D.R. «Allophryne ruthveni». Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.1. (en inglés). Nueva York, EEUU: Museo Americano de Historia Natural.

 title=
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Allophryne ruthveni: Brief Summary ( Espanhol; Castelhano )

fornecido por wikipedia ES

Allophryne ruthveni es una especie de anfibio anuro de la familia Allophrynidae. Se distribuye por las regiones de selva tropical del sur de Venezuela, noroeste y centro de Brasil, Guayana y Surinam. Posiblemente también está presente en Bolivia y Colombia.

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Allophryne ruthveni ( Basco )

fornecido por wikipedia EU

Allophryne ruthveni Allophryne generoko animalia da. Anfibioen barruko Allophrynidae familian sailkatuta dago, Anura ordenan.

Erreferentziak

Ikus, gainera

Kanpo estekak

(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
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Allophryne ruthveni: Brief Summary ( Basco )

fornecido por wikipedia EU

Allophryne ruthveni Allophryne generoko animalia da. Anfibioen barruko Allophrynidae familian sailkatuta dago, Anura ordenan.

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Allophryne ruthveni ( Francês )

fornecido por wikipedia FR

Allophryne ruthveni est une espèce d'amphibiens de la famille des Allophrynidae[1].

Répartition

 src=
Distribution

Cette espèce se rencontre[1] :

Sa présence en Bolivie et en Colombie est incertaine.

Description

Les mâles mesurent de 20,6 à 24,6 mm et les femelles de 22 à 31 mm[2].

Taxinomie

Sphoenohyla seabrai[3] a été placée en synonymie avec Allophryne ruthveni par Bokermann en 1966[4].

Étymologie

Cette espèce est nommée en l'honneur d'Alexander Grant Ruthven[5].

Publication originale

  • Gaige, 1926 : A new frog from British Guiana. Occasional papers of the Museum of Zoology University of Michigan, vol. 176, p. 1-6 (texte intégral).

Notes et références

  1. a et b Amphibian Species of the World, consulté lors d'une mise à jour du lien externe
  2. AmphibiaWeb. University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA, consulté lors d'une mise à jour du lien externe
  3. Bokermann, 1958 : Una nueva especies del genero Sphoenohyla del Brasil (Amphibia, Salientia, Hylidae). Neotropica, vol. 4, p. 43-46.
  4. Bokermann, 1966 : Lista Anotada das Localidades Tipo de Anfíbios Brasileiros. São Paulo: Servicio de Documentacão, Universidade Rural São Paulo, p. 1-183.
  5. Beolens, Watkins & Grayson, 2013 : The Eponym Dictionary of Amphibians. Pelagic Publishing Ltd, p. 1-262
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Allophryne ruthveni: Brief Summary ( Francês )

fornecido por wikipedia FR

Allophryne ruthveni est une espèce d'amphibiens de la famille des Allophrynidae.

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Allophryne ruthveni ( Italiano )

fornecido por wikipedia IT

Allophryne ruthveni (Gaige, 1926) è un anfibio anuro appartenente alla famiglia degli Allophrynidae.[2]

Descrizione

È una piccola rana di colorazione variabile, nera, con strisce e macchie che possono essere dorate o giallo opaco e superficie ventrale gialla o dorata, con strisce nere e macchie nere. Ha un corpo piatto e una piccola testa piatta. I cuscinetti sono ingranditi, più larghi delle dita.[3]

Distribuzione e habitat

Queste rane vivono in Guyana, Venezuela, Suriname, Brasile e Bolivia.[2]

Note

  1. ^ (EN) Enrique La Marca, Claudia Azevedo-Ramos, César Luis Barrio Amorós 2004, Allophryne ruthveni, su IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Versione 2020.2, IUCN, 2020.
  2. ^ a b (EN) Frost D.R. et al., Allophryne ruthveni,, in Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0, New York, American Museum of Natural History, 2014. URL consultato il 19 agosto 2017.
  3. ^ Gaige, 1926 : A new frog from British Guiana. Occasional papers of the Museum of Zoology University of Michigan, vol. 176, p. 1-6.

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Allophryne ruthveni: Brief Summary ( Italiano )

fornecido por wikipedia IT

Allophryne ruthveni (Gaige, 1926) è un anfibio anuro appartenente alla famiglia degli Allophrynidae.

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Allophryne ruthveni ( Neerlandês; Flamengo )

fornecido por wikipedia NL

Herpetologie

Allophryne ruthveni is een kikker uit de familie Allophrynidae.[2] De soort werd voor het eerst wetenschappelijk beschreven door Helen Beulah Thompson Gaige in 1926. De soortaanduiding ruthveni is een eerbetoon aan de Amerikaanse herpetoloog Alexander Grant Ruthven (1882 - 1971).

Het geslacht werd vroeger tot de glaskikkers (Centronellidae) gerekend. Er is nog geen Nederlandse naam voor deze soort. Het was lange tijd de enige soort uit de familie Allophrynidae, totdat in 2012 een tweede en in 2013 een derde soort werden beschreven.

Uiterlijke kenmerken

De kikker wordt ongeveer 2,5 tot 3 centimeter lang, mannetjes blijven kleiner dan vrouwtjes.[3] De kleur is variabel; de buik is zwart met lichtere tot witte vlekken, de rugzijde is groen tot bruin met onregelmatige gele en zwarte vlekken of strepen. Uiterlijk lijkt de kikker op een boomkikker, maar de bouw van de tenen wijkt af.

Algemeen

Allophryne ruthveni is een boombewonende soort die voorkomt in Zuid-Amerika; Brazilië, Frans-Guyana, Guyana, Suriname en Venezuela. De kikker leeft in bossen op enkele meters hoogte langs de waterkant van meren en rivieren. Mannetjes kwaken vanuit de bomen met een enkelvoudige keelzak. Hiermee wordt een zacht, raspend geluid geproduceerd.

Referenties

  1. (en) Allophryne ruthveni op de IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
  2. Darrel R. Frost - Amphibian Species of the World: an online reference - Version 6.0 - American Museum of Natural History, Allophryne ruthveni.
  3. Amphibia Web, Allophryne ruthveni.

Bronnen

  • (en) - Darrel R. Frost - Amphibian Species of the World: an online reference - Version 6.0 - American Museum of Natural History - Allophryne ruthveni - Website Geconsulteerd 13 maart 2016
  • (en) - Amphibiaweb - Allophryne ruthveni - Website
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Allophryne ruthveni: Brief Summary ( Neerlandês; Flamengo )

fornecido por wikipedia NL

Allophryne ruthveni is een kikker uit de familie Allophrynidae. De soort werd voor het eerst wetenschappelijk beschreven door Helen Beulah Thompson Gaige in 1926. De soortaanduiding ruthveni is een eerbetoon aan de Amerikaanse herpetoloog Alexander Grant Ruthven (1882 - 1971).

Het geslacht werd vroeger tot de glaskikkers (Centronellidae) gerekend. Er is nog geen Nederlandse naam voor deze soort. Het was lange tijd de enige soort uit de familie Allophrynidae, totdat in 2012 een tweede en in 2013 een derde soort werden beschreven.

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Wikipedia-auteurs en -editors
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Allophryne ruthveni ( Português )

fornecido por wikipedia PT

Allophryne ruthveni é uma espécie de anfíbio da família Allophrynidae. É encontrada na região da Guiana, da Venezuela, através da Guiana, Suriname, Guiana Francesa, ao extremo norte do Brasil (Rondônia, Amapá, Pará, Amazonas, norte do Mato Grosso e Roraima). Possivelmente também pode ser encontrado na Bolívia e Colômbia. O holótipo foi descoberto em Tukeit Hill, abaixo das Cataratas de Kaieteur na Guiana.[3] O nome específico é uma homenagem à Alexander Grant Ruthven.

Referências

  1. Frost, D.R. (2014). «Allophryne ruthveni». Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA. Consultado em 24 de agosto de 2014
  2. La Marca, E.; Azavedo-Ramos, C.; Amorós, C.L.B. (2004). Allophryne ruthveni (em inglês). IUCN 2014. Lista Vermelha de Espécies Ameaçadas da IUCN de 2014 . Página visitada em 24 de agosto de 2014..
  3. Gaige, H. (1926). «A new frog from British Guiana». Occasional papers of the Museum of Zoology University of Michigan. 176: 1-6
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Allophryne ruthveni: Brief Summary ( Português )

fornecido por wikipedia PT

Allophryne ruthveni é uma espécie de anfíbio da família Allophrynidae. É encontrada na região da Guiana, da Venezuela, através da Guiana, Suriname, Guiana Francesa, ao extremo norte do Brasil (Rondônia, Amapá, Pará, Amazonas, norte do Mato Grosso e Roraima). Possivelmente também pode ser encontrado na Bolívia e Colômbia. O holótipo foi descoberto em Tukeit Hill, abaixo das Cataratas de Kaieteur na Guiana. O nome específico é uma homenagem à Alexander Grant Ruthven.

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Безухая квакша ( Russo )

fornecido por wikipedia русскую Википедию
Царство: Животные
Подцарство: Эуметазои
Без ранга: Вторичноротые
Подтип: Позвоночные
Инфратип: Челюстноротые
Надкласс: Четвероногие
Подкласс: Беспанцирные
Инфракласс: Batrachia
Надотряд: Прыгающие
Отряд: Бесхвостые
Подотряд: Neobatrachia
Семейство: Allophrynidae Savage[en], 1973
Вид: Безухая квакша
Международное научное название

Allophryne ruthveni Gaige, 1926

Ареал

изображение

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Систематика
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ITIS 207324NCBI 159190EOL 1019211

Безухая квакша[1] (лат. Allophryne ruthveni) — вид бесхвостых земноводных из семейства Allophrynidae.

Распространение

Северо-восток Южной Америки, включающий северные штаты Бразилии, Гвиану, Суринам, Венесуэлу, Боливию.

Описание

Безухая квакша имеет небольшие размеры - от 20 до 30 мм, самки немного крупнее самцов[2]. Тело и голова плоские. Имеет тёмную окраску, кожу с беспорядочно расположенными жёлтыми пятнами. Брюхо имеет золотистую окраску. Пальцы лап заканчиваются присосками.

Образ жизни

Лягушки ведут преимущественно древесный образ жизни, обитая на нижних ветвях, на высоте от 1 до 3 метров до земле, лишь иногда спускаясь на землю. Иногда собираются в группы по несколько сотен особей[3]. Для размножения используют небольшие водоёмы, образующиеся после периода дождей.

Ссылки

Allophryne ruthveni на сайте AmphibiaWeb (англ.)

Примечания

  1. Ананьева Н. Б., Боркин Л. Я., Даревский И. С., Орлов Н. Л. Пятиязычный словарь названий животных. Амфибии и рептилии. Латинский, русский, английский, немецкий, французский. / под общей редакцией акад. В. Е. Соколова. — М.: Рус. яз., 1988. — С. 52. — 10 500 экз.ISBN 5-200-00232-X.
  2. Amphibia Web: Allophryne ruthveni Provides information on amphibian declines, natural history, conservation, and taxonomy (англ.)
  3. J.P. Caldwell & M.S Hoogmoed (1998): Allophrynidae, Allophryne, A. ruthveni. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles 666.1-666.3.
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Безухая квакша: Brief Summary ( Russo )

fornecido por wikipedia русскую Википедию

Безухая квакша (лат. Allophryne ruthveni) — вид бесхвостых земноводных из семейства Allophrynidae.

licença
cc-by-sa-3.0
direitos autorais
Авторы и редакторы Википедии