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New England cottontails live exclusively in the New England region of the United States. However, destruction of their habitat means that the modern distribution of these rabbits occupies less than 25% historically occupied areas.
Biogeographic Regions: nearctic (Native )
New England cottontails, like other cottontails, have strong hearing and eyesight. They make low, purring, grunting, or growling sounds when they are breeding or fighting and utter a loud, shrill scream if captured by a predator. In addition, New England cottontails often hit the ground with their hind feet, which may be a means of communication to other rabbits. Like other mammals, olfactory clues are also likely to be important.
Communication Channels: acoustic ; chemical
Perception Channels: visual ; tactile ; acoustic ; chemical
Since the 1960's there has been widespread decline of New England cottontail populations. It is estimated that available habitats for New England cottontails have declined by 86% since 1960. While many theories for this decline have been proposed, the three most common are habitat loss, competition with eastern cottontails, and hybridization with eastern cottontails.
US Federal List: no special status
CITES: no special status
State of Michigan List: no special status
New England cottontails host many types of parasites, including ticks, and thus can provide a vector for tick-borne diseases such as Rocky Mountain spotted fever, Lyme disease, and tularemia. These diseases are easily transferable to humans and domestic pets.
Negative Impacts: injures humans (causes disease in humans ); causes or carries domestic animal disease
Historically, many people have hunted New England cottontails for sport, fur, and meat. Due to the declining numbers of Sylvilagus transitionalis, the hunting of this species has greatly decreased over the past 20 years or so, though it does still occur. New England cottontails and other cottontails are often used for ecological research, as their size and temperament makes them easy to handle and they have high population turnover.
Positive Impacts: food ; body parts are source of valuable material; research and education
New England cottontails are prey to mid-sized predators such as foxes, weasels, and birds of prey, and act as the staple food source for many of these predators. In areas where food is plentiful, their populations are able to sustain great losses because of their rapid reproductive rates. In some areas, New England cottontails are considered a buffer prey species. This means that if their numbers are high, predators will focus on them, thereby reducing the pressure on other prey species in the area.
Commensal/Parasitic Species:
New England cottontails are herbivorous. The specific makeup of their diet depends on the season. In the spring and summer, they eat mostly grasses and forbs. In the fall, they transition to a diet of woody twigs, and the winter diet is determined primarily by forage ability. Digestion in New England cottontails employs coprophagy, in which soft feces is re-ingested to increase the amount of nitrogen in the diet.
Plant Foods: leaves; wood, bark, or stems; flowers
Other Foods: dung
Primary Diet: herbivore (Folivore , Lignivore); coprophage
New England cottontails live in woodlands in New England, preferring those of higher elevation or more northern latitudes. The forests where New England cottontails make their homes all have dense understory cover, preferably of blueberry or mountain laurel. New England cottontails make nests in depressions roughly 12 cm deep by 10 cm wide and line them with grasses and fur. They rarely venture more than 5 m from cover.
Habitat Regions: temperate ; terrestrial
Terrestrial Biomes: forest
Like all cottontails, Sylvilagus transitionalis has a short lifespan in the wild, usually no more than three years. On average, only 15% of the young will survive their first year.
Average lifespan
Status: wild: 3 years.
New England cottontails are medium-sized rabbits that closely resemble eastern cottontails. They weigh between 995 and 1347 g and have lengths between 398 and 439 mm. Their coats are dark brown with a penciled effect and their tails have white undersides. New England cottontails can be differentiated from eastern cottontails by the black hair between and on the anterior surface of their ears. New England cottontails sexually dimorphic, with larger females than males.
Range mass: 995 to 1347 g.
Range length: 398 to 439 mm.
Other Physical Features: endothermic ; homoiothermic; bilateral symmetry
Sexual Dimorphism: female larger
New England cottontails fall prey to small and medium sized predators such as weasels, cats, foxes, and birds of prey. While hares are built for long-term speed to outrun predators, New England cottontails sprint for cover when danger approaches. They sometimes freeze when they sense danger, taking advantage of their cryptic coloration to hide. When chased, they zig-zag to confuse the predator. New England cottontails that occupy the smallest habitat patches, with less vegetative cover, are most vulnerable to predation, as they are forced to forage more in the open.
Known Predators:
Anti-predator Adaptations: cryptic
During mating, male New England cottontails form breeding groups around dominant females in areas of the habitat with plentiful food and good cover. Courtship of cottontails involves a running and jumping display, often in which one rabbit jumps over the other. Though linear hierarchies for female cottontails are not clearly defined, once paired off, the unreceptive female demonstrates dominance over the male during nesting, parturition and nursing to avoid harassment by males.
Testes of male New England cottontails begin to enlarge in late December and pregnant females appear between April and August. Gestation period is about 28 days, and female New England cottontails have 2 to 3 litters per year that average 5.2 young per litter. New England cottontails usually copulate again immediately following parturition. Sylvilagus transitionalis is short-lived and breeds at an early age, with many juvenile rabbits breeding in their first season. Reproductive patterns vary with latitudes - the farther north the habitat of the cottontail, the larger the litter and the shorter the gestation period. This allows them to produce more litters in warmer weather. The young are born naked with their eyes closed, so mothers care for their young in nests for 2 to 3 weeks after birth. The mother has often mated again by the time the juveniles have left the nest.
Breeding interval: New England cottontails breed 2 to 3 times a year.
Breeding season: The breeding season for New England cottontails can span from January to September, depending on the elevation and latitude. For example, the breeding season in Connecticut lasts from mid-March to mid-September, whereas in Maine the breeding season for Sylvilagus transitionalis lasts from April to August.
Range number of offspring: 3 to 8.
Average number of offspring: 5.2.
Average gestation period: 28 days.
Range weaning age: 14 to 21 days.
Average weaning age: 16 days.
Average time to independence: 4 weeks.
Range age at sexual or reproductive maturity (female): 1 (high) years.
Range age at sexual or reproductive maturity (male): 1 (high) years.
Key Reproductive Features: iteroparous ; seasonal breeding ; gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual ; viviparous
The parental investment of Sylvilagus transitionalis is minimal. There is no investment by male cottontails and female cottontails nurse their young in the nest for about 16 days.
Parental Investment: altricial ; female parental care ; pre-fertilization (Provisioning, Protecting: Female); pre-hatching/birth (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Female); pre-weaning/fledging (Provisioning: Female)
Konikl Bro-Saoz Nevez (Sylvilagus transitionalis) a zo ur bronneg geotdebrer hag a vev e biz ar Stadoù-Unanet.
Das Neuengland-Baumwollschwanzkaninchen (Sylvilagus transitionalis) ist eine Säugetierart aus der Gattung der Baumwollschwanzkaninchen innerhalb der Hasenartigen. Die Art kommt ausschließlich in den Gebieten Neuenglands an der Ostküste der Vereinigten Staaten vor. Die Art wird als bedrohte Art betrachtet, da die Bestände und Verbreitungsgebiete in den letzten Jahrzehnten deutlich zurückgegangen sind.
Das Neuengland-Baumwollschwanzkaninchen ist eine mittelgroße Art seiner Gattung mit einer Kopf-Rumpf-Länge von 38,6 bis 43 Zentimeter, wobei die Weibchen etwas größer als die Männchen sind. Die Schwanzlänge beträgt beim Männchen durchschnittlich 4,2 Zentimeter mit einer Spanne von 2,2 bis 5,7 Zentimeter und beim Weibchen durchschnittlich 4,7 Zentimeter mit einer Spanne von 3,0 bis 6,5 Zentimeter. Das Gewicht der Männchen liegt zwischen 756 und 965 Gramm, das der Weibchen zwischen 802 und 1038 Gramm.[1] Die Rückenfarbe ist gelbbraun mit schwarz, im Nacken besitzen sie einen auffälligen braunen Fleck. Die Körperseiten sind heller gefärbt und die Bauchseite ist weiß.[1]
Von Appalachen-Baumwollschwanzkaninchen sind die Tiere äußerlich nicht zu unterscheiden. Entsprechend kann man nur anhand des Fundortes oder über molekularbiologische Methoden Rückschlüsse auf die Art schließen. Im Vergleich zum Florida-Waldkaninchen (S. floridanus) sind beide Arten etwas kleiner mit kürzeren und gerundeten Ohren, die schwarz gerandet sind, außerdem weisen sie zwischen den Ohren einen schwarzen Fleck auf. Weitere Unterschiede finden sich im Aufbau des Schädels.[2]
Das Verbreitungsgebiet des Neuengland-Baumwollschwanzkaninchens reichte ursprünglich über ein großes Gebiet Neuenglands und umfasste das südliche Maine, Vermont, New Hampshire, Connecticut, das östliche New York, Massachusetts und Rhode Island. Entsprechend einer Studie aus dem Jahr 2006 nahm die Fläche innerhalb dieses historischen Verbreitungsgebietes auf insgesamt 12.180 km² und damit um 86 % ab. Demnach ist die Art heute auf wenige kleine Gebiete im Küstenbereich von Maine, der Küste und das Tal des Merrimack River im südlichen New Hampshire, im südöstlichen New York, dem westlichen und östlichen Connecticut östlich des Connecticut River, dem westlichen Massachusetts, Teilen von Cape Cod in Massachusetts sowie Rhode Island beschränkt.[3][4]
Als Lebensräume nutzt das Neuengland-Baumwollschwanzkaninchen vor allem offene Wälder und Gebüsche. Die Art wird als Habitatspezialist beschrieben, da sie vor allem frühe Waldstadien besiedelt, die historisch in ihrem Verbreitungsgebiet sehr häufig waren und die sich mittlerweile zu dichteren Waldbeständen entwickelt haben, in denen die Art keinen Lebensraum mehr findet. Sie ist zudem vor allem in der Nähe von Gewässern anzutreffen, deren Ufer mit einem dichten Unterwuchs bestanden sind.[4]
Das Neuengland-Baumwollschwanzkaninchen ernährt sich vor allem von krautigen Pflanzen, Früchten und Samen. Im Winter frisst es zudem holzige Pflanzenteile. Die Weibchen bringen im Schnitt 24 Jungtiere im Jahr zur Welt, wobei die durchschnittliche Wurfgröße bei etwa 3,5 Jungtieren pro Wurf besteht.[5][4]
Das Neuengland-Baumwollschwanzkaninchen wird als eigenständige Art den Baumwollschwanzkaninchen (Gattung Sylvilagus) zugeordnet. Innerhalb der Art werden keine Unterarten unterschieden.[6] Die Erstbeschreibung erfolgte 1895 durch Outram Bangs als Lepus sylvaticus transitionalis,[1] also als Unterart der heute als Florida-Waldkaninchen (Sylvilagus floridanus) bezeichneten Art.[7]
Die 1992 von Ralph E. Chapman et al. beschriebene Art Appalachen-Baumwollschwanzkaninchen war ursprünglich ebenfalls dem Neuengland-Baumwollschwanzkaninchen zugeschlagen, wurde nach einer molekularbiologischen Analyse jedoch von diesem getrennt. Man fand heraus, dass die beiden Arten mit zwei unterschiedlichen Chromosomensätzen (Genomen) ausgestattet waren. Während die Tiere der nördlichen Appalachen einen diploiden Chromosomensatz von 2n = 52 Chromosomen haben, besitzen die der südlichen Appalachen nur 2n = 46 Chromosomen. Chapman et al. beschrieben entsprechend die letzten als neue Art Sylvilagus obscurus.[8][9] Es ist jedoch möglich, dass diese Art den Neuengland-Baumwollschwanzkaninchen als Unterart zugeordnet wird.[4]
Das Neuengland-Baumwollschwanzkaninchen wird von der International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) aufgrund des starken Rückgangs der Art in ihrem Verbreitungsgebiet als gefährdet (vulnerable) eingeordnet.[4] Das Kaninchen war ursprünglich weit verbreitet und häufig. Die verfügbaren Lebensräume gingen seit den 1960ern um etwa 86 % zurück und wurden stark verinselt. Die Populationsgröße ging nach Schätzungen seit 1994 um mehr als 50 % zurück und der Trend setzt sich aufgrund der zunehmenden Lebensraumfragmentierung und -zerstörung weiter fort. Zudem steigt der Konkurrenzdruck durch die Ausbreitung des Florida-Waldkaninchens (S. floridanus) im Verbreitungsgebiet.[3][4]
Das Neuengland-Baumwollschwanzkaninchen (Sylvilagus transitionalis) ist eine Säugetierart aus der Gattung der Baumwollschwanzkaninchen innerhalb der Hasenartigen. Die Art kommt ausschließlich in den Gebieten Neuenglands an der Ostküste der Vereinigten Staaten vor. Die Art wird als bedrohte Art betrachtet, da die Bestände und Verbreitungsgebiete in den letzten Jahrzehnten deutlich zurückgegangen sind.
Il-Fenek ta' denbu qotni ta' l-Ingilterra l-Ġdida jew Denb qotni ta' l-Ingilterra l-Ġdida, li hu magħruf xjentifikament bħala Sylvilagus transitionalis huwa mammiferu plaċentat tad-Dinja l-Ġdida u membru tal-familja Leporidae (leporidu), fl-ordni Lagomorpha (lagomorfu). Dan id-denb qotni huwa nattiv tal-kontinent ta' l-Amerika ta' fuq, endemiku tal-iStati Uniti.
Il-Fenek ta' denbu qotni ta' l-Ingilterra l-Ġdida jirriproduċi sa 3 botna żrameġ fis-sena bejn April u Awissu, u kull boton jista jkun magħmul minn 3 sa 8 żrameġ kull darba li jitwieldu wara ġestazzjoni jew tqala ta' madwar 28 ġurnata. Dawn jitwieldu mingħajr pil, ogħmja u totalment dipendenti ġewwa bejta taħt l-art preparata mill-omm minn ftit qabel u jiġu misqijja l-ħalib minn 4 pari "mammae" għal mhux aktar minn 4 ġimgħat.
Il-Fenek ta' denbu qotni ta' l-Ingilterra l-Ġdida huwa speċi ta' denb qotni li għandha distribuzzjoni mal-biċċa l-kbira tal-Lvant tal-kontinent ta' l-Amerika ta' fuq, f' forma ta' mosajk, mix-Xlokk ta' l-Ingilterra l-Ġdida ("New England"), minn Nofs in-nhar ta' Maine lejn in-Nofs in-nhar matul il-muntanji ta' Appalach għax-Xlokk ta' Alabama.
Dan il-fenek huwa 1 minn 9 speċi ta' dnieb qotnin, li qegħdin klassifikati fis-sottoġeneru Sylvilagus u m' hemmx sottospeċi rikonoxxuti.
Il-Fenek ta' denbu qotni ta' l-Ingilterra l-Ġdida jew Denb qotni ta' l-Ingilterra l-Ġdida, li hu magħruf xjentifikament bħala Sylvilagus transitionalis huwa mammiferu plaċentat tad-Dinja l-Ġdida u membru tal-familja Leporidae (leporidu), fl-ordni Lagomorpha (lagomorfu). Dan id-denb qotni huwa nattiv tal-kontinent ta' l-Amerika ta' fuq, endemiku tal-iStati Uniti.
The New England cottontail (Sylvilagus transitionalis), also called the gray rabbit, brush rabbit, wood hare, wood rabbit, or cooney, is a species of cottontail rabbit represented by fragmented populations in areas of New England, specifically from southern Maine to southern New York.[2][4][5] This species bears a close resemblance to the eastern cottontail (Sylvilagus floridanus), which has been introduced in much of the New England cottontail home range. The eastern cottontail is now more common in it.[6]
Litvaitis et al. (2006) estimated that the current area of occupancy in its historic range is 12,180 km2 (4,700 sq mi) - some 86% less than the occupied range in 1960.[2] Because of this decrease in this species' numbers and habitat, the New England cottontail is a candidate for protection under the Endangered Species Act. Cottontail hunting has been restricted in some areas where the eastern and New England cottontail species coexist in order to protect the remaining New England cottontail population.[7]
Rabbits require habitat patches of at least 12 acres to maintain a stable population. In New Hampshire, the number of suitable patches dropped from 20 to 8 in the early 2000s. The ideal habitat is 25 acres of continuous early successional habitat within a larger landscape that provides shrub wetlands and dense thickets. Federal funding has been used for habitat restoration work on state lands, including the planting of shrubs and other growth critical to the rabbit's habitat. Funding has also been made available to private landowners who are willing to create thicket-type brush habitat which doesn't have much economic value.[6]
The New England cottontail is a medium-sized rabbit almost identical to the eastern cottontail.[8][9] The two species look nearly identical, and can only be reliably distinguished by genetic testing of tissue, through fecal samples (i.e., of rabbit pellets), or by an examination of the rabbits' skulls, which shows a key morphological distinction: the frontonasal skull sutures of eastern cottontail are smooth lines, while the New England cottontails' are jagged or interdigitated.[9][10] The New England cottontail also typically has black hair between and on the anterior surface of the ear, which the Eastern cottontails lacks.[8]
The New England cottontail weighs between 995 and 1347 g and is between 398 and 439 mm long, with dark brown coats with a "penciled effect" and tails with white undersides.[8] They are sexually dimorphic, with females larger than males.[8]
New England cottontails live in New England region of the United States; habitat destruction has limited its modern range to less than 25 percent of its historic range.[8] The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) explains that:
According to at least one study, the cottontails' historic range also included a small part of southern Quebec, from which it is extirpated.[2]
The major factor in the decline of the New England cottontail population and the restriction of its range is habitat destruction from the reduced thicket habitat.[11] Before European settlement, New England cottontails were likely found along river valleys, where disturbances in the forest—such as beaver activity, ice storms, hurricanes, and wildfires—promoted thicket growth. The clearing of much of the New England forest, as well as development, has eliminated a large portion of New England cottontail habitat.[11] Other species that depend on thickets - including some birds (such as the American woodcock, eastern towhee, golden-winged warbler, blue-winged warbler, yellow-breasted chat, brown thrasher, prairie warbler and indigo bunting) and reptiles (such as the black racer, smooth green snake and wood turtle) have also declined.[12]
Various other factors also contributed to the decline of New England cottontails:
In 2011, researchers from the University of Rhode Island reported that a survey found that the New England cottontail was on the verge of extirpation from Rhode Island, because of habitat loss, competition from eastern cottontails, and increased predator populations. The URI study collected nearly one thousand pellet samples from more than one hundred locations; DNA testing of the samples showed that only one contained the DNA of the New England cottontail.[13] A habitat analysis was conducted on an island in Narragansett Bay with no known past population by either cottontail species, as a possible refugium for the New England cottontail.[13]
The New York State Department of Environmental Conservation also states that the New England cottontail's range in the state has been dramatically reduced because of habitat destruction and competition with the eastern cottontail.[9] Moreover, the New England cottontail and the eastern cottontail look nearly identical.[9] As a result, it is difficult to determine the New England cottontails' distribution.[9] The NYSDEC's New England Cottontail Initiative encourages rabbit hunters to submit whole heads from rabbits they have harvested east of the Hudson River to the Department so they can be examined to help determine the range.[9]
According to the Nantucket Conservation Foundation, the New England cottontail occurs on Nantucket. Formerly, the species was thought to be extirpated on the island since the late 1990s, but the Nantucket Conservation Foundation and FWS believes that because the island still contained large shrubland habitat areas, there might still be a remnant New England cottontail population. In 2013, a DNA sample from a rabbit captured on Nantucket Conservation Foundation-owned Ram Pasture property in 2011 tested positive as a New England cottontail, showing that the rabbit still exists on Nantucket.[14]
The New England cottontail is a habitat specialist.[2] It thrives in early successional forests—young forests (usually less than twenty-five years old) with a dense understory of thick, tangled vegetation (scrubland/brushland), preferably of blueberry or mountain laurel (Kalmia latifolia).[2][8][11] Studies indicate that these forests matured into closed-canopy stands and the shrub layer began to thin in the 1960s, the New England cottontail habit declined.[2][11]
New England cottontails prefer woodlands with higher elevation or northern latitudes.[8] They create nests in depressions, some 12 cm (4.7 in) deep by 10 cm (3.9 in) wide, lining them with grasses and fur.[8] According to studies, New England cottontails "rarely venture more than 5 m from cover."[8]
Known predators of New England cottontails include weasels (Mustela and Neogale sp.), domestic cats (Felis catus), red foxes (Vulpes vulpes), fishers (Pekania pennanti),[15] birds of prey (Falconiformes), coyotes (Canis latrans), and bobcats (Lynx rufus).[8] Past predators may have included gray wolves (Canis lupus), eastern cougars (Puma concolor), wolverines (Gulo gulo), and Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis). To avoid predators, the New England cottontails run for cover; "freeze" and rely on their cryptic coloration; or, when running, follow a zig-zag pattern to confuse the predator. Because New England cottontail habitat is small and has less vegetative cover, they must forage more often in the open, leaving them vulnerable.[8]
New England cottontails breed two to three times a year.[8] Generally, the testes of the male New England cottontails begin to enlarge in late December.[8] The breeding season varies based on local elevation and latitude, and can span from January to September. The breeding season in Connecticut lasts from mid-March to mid-September, while the breeding season in Maine lasts from April to August.[8] Pregnant female New England cottontails appear between April and August.[8] The gestation period is around twenty-eight days. Litter size ranges from three to eight, with an average of 5.2 (as given by one source)[8] or 3.5 (as given by another).[2] Generally, cottontails who live in more northern habitats have shorter gestation periods and larger litters, so they produce more litters during warmer weather.[8]
During the mating season, "male New England cottontails form breeding groups around dominant females in areas of the habitat with plentiful food and good cover."[8] New England cottontails conduct a courtship display involving running and jumping, including jumping of one rabbit over the other.[8] "Though linear hierarchies for female cottontails are not clearly defined, once paired off, the unreceptive female demonstrates dominance over the male during nesting, parturition [birth] and nursing to avoid harassment by males."[8] Generally New England cottontails will "copulate again immediately following parturition."[8]
Like all cottontails, the New England cottontail has a short lifespan, typically surviving no more than three years in the wild.[8] Moreover, an average of only 15 percent of young survive their first year.[8] New England cottontails reach sexual maturity early, at no more than one year old, and many juvenile New England cottontails will breed in their first season.[8]
Young are born naked with their eyes closed.[8] Parental investment is minimal: there is no investment by male cottontails, and female cottontails nurse their young in the nest for about 16 days, often having mated again by the time the juveniles have left the nest.[8]
New England cottontails are herbivores whose diet varies based on the season and local forage opportunities. In the spring and summer, the New England cottontails primarily eats herbaceous plants (including leaves, stems, wood, bark, flowers, fruits, and seeds) from grasses and forbs. Beginning in the fall and continuing into the winter, New England cottontails transition to mostly woody plants.[2][8]
The New England cottontail has been listed as vulnerable on the IUCN Red List since 1996.[2] The species is a candidate for protection under the federal Endangered Species Act (see United States Fish and Wildlife Service list of endangered species of mammals) and is listed as endangered on state-level lists of Maine and New Hampshire.[11]
The New England cottontail is listed as "vulnerable" because of its decreasing population and reduction in suitable habitat. The United States Fish and Wildlife Service is surveying suitable habitat for this species. Due to its rarity, elusiveness, and the fact that it is nearly identical to the Eastern cottontail, DNA analysis of fecal pellets one of the best ways to identify New England cottontail populations. New England cottontails are listed as "endangered" in New Hampshire and Maine, "Extirpated" in Vermont and Quebec, "species of special concern" in New York and Connecticut, and a "species of special interest" in Massachusetts and Rhode Island. Surveys are being conducted to identify areas for creating suitable habitat and to identify areas with suitable habitat that may contain remnant populations. Martha's Vineyard, Nantucket, and Connecticut are primary areas that may hold populations of the species. The USFWS has discovered populations in Nantucket and Eastern Connecticut. Additional surveys are being done to find more remnant populations in New England and New York.
In 2013, the State of Connecticut embarked on a habitat restoration project in Litchfield County, clearing 57 acres of mature woods to create a meadowland and second-growth forest needed by the rabbit.[16]
The New England cottontail (Sylvilagus transitionalis), also called the gray rabbit, brush rabbit, wood hare, wood rabbit, or cooney, is a species of cottontail rabbit represented by fragmented populations in areas of New England, specifically from southern Maine to southern New York. This species bears a close resemblance to the eastern cottontail (Sylvilagus floridanus), which has been introduced in much of the New England cottontail home range. The eastern cottontail is now more common in it.
Litvaitis et al. (2006) estimated that the current area of occupancy in its historic range is 12,180 km2 (4,700 sq mi) - some 86% less than the occupied range in 1960. Because of this decrease in this species' numbers and habitat, the New England cottontail is a candidate for protection under the Endangered Species Act. Cottontail hunting has been restricted in some areas where the eastern and New England cottontail species coexist in order to protect the remaining New England cottontail population.
Rabbits require habitat patches of at least 12 acres to maintain a stable population. In New Hampshire, the number of suitable patches dropped from 20 to 8 in the early 2000s. The ideal habitat is 25 acres of continuous early successional habitat within a larger landscape that provides shrub wetlands and dense thickets. Federal funding has been used for habitat restoration work on state lands, including the planting of shrubs and other growth critical to the rabbit's habitat. Funding has also been made available to private landowners who are willing to create thicket-type brush habitat which doesn't have much economic value.
Sylvilagus transitionalis Sylvilagus generoko animalia da. Lagomorpharen barruko Leporidae familian sailkatuta dago.
Sylvilagus transitionalis Sylvilagus generoko animalia da. Lagomorpharen barruko Leporidae familian sailkatuta dago.
Le Lapin de Nouvelle-Angleterre[1],[2] (Sylvilagus transitionalis) est une espèce du genre Sylvilagus. Comme tous les lapins, c'est un mammifère lagomorphe de la famille des léporidés. L'espèce est vulnérable.
Le Lapin de Nouvelle-Angleterre, (Sylvilagus transitionalis) est une espèce du genre Sylvilagus. Comme tous les lapins, c'est un mammifère lagomorphe de la famille des léporidés. L'espèce est vulnérable.
Il silvilago della Nuova Inghilterra (Sylvilagus transitionalis Bangs, 1895) è, come suggerisce il nome, una specie di silvilago diffusa con popolazioni molto frammentate in alcune aree della Nuova Inghilterra (Stati Uniti d'America), soprattutto dal Maine meridionale allo Stato di New York meridionale[3], a est del fiume Hudson. Sia nelle dimensioni (38,2-42,5 cm), che nell'aspetto, ricorda moltissimo il silvilago orientale.
Vive solamente in zone di foresta aperta o di macchia, soprattutto in prossimità di torrenti, paludi, stagni o laghi. Quando, agli inizi del secolo scorso, le fattorie vennero abbandonate e la foresta colonizzò di nuovo i territori prima coltivati, il numero di questi conigli aumentò considerevolmente; ma a partire dagli anni sessanta, quando ormai i primi sparuti boschetti erano divenuti foreste vere e proprie, essi iniziarono a diminuire.
Il silvilago della Nuova Inghilterra si nutre di una vasta gamma di piante erbacee, frutti e semi, ma in inverno consuma anche specie legnose.
A causa della sua forte diminuzione, questa specie è attualmente protetta nell'ambito dell'Endangered Species Act. La caccia è stata ristretta solo alle aree in cui questa specie coesiste con il silvilago orientale, allo scopo di proteggere le rimanenti popolazioni pure di silvilago della Nuova Inghilterra[4].
Il silvilago della Nuova Inghilterra (Sylvilagus transitionalis Bangs, 1895) è, come suggerisce il nome, una specie di silvilago diffusa con popolazioni molto frammentate in alcune aree della Nuova Inghilterra (Stati Uniti d'America), soprattutto dal Maine meridionale allo Stato di New York meridionale, a est del fiume Hudson. Sia nelle dimensioni (38,2-42,5 cm), che nell'aspetto, ricorda moltissimo il silvilago orientale.
Vive solamente in zone di foresta aperta o di macchia, soprattutto in prossimità di torrenti, paludi, stagni o laghi. Quando, agli inizi del secolo scorso, le fattorie vennero abbandonate e la foresta colonizzò di nuovo i territori prima coltivati, il numero di questi conigli aumentò considerevolmente; ma a partire dagli anni sessanta, quando ormai i primi sparuti boschetti erano divenuti foreste vere e proprie, essi iniziarono a diminuire.
Il silvilago della Nuova Inghilterra si nutre di una vasta gamma di piante erbacee, frutti e semi, ma in inverno consuma anche specie legnose.
A causa della sua forte diminuzione, questa specie è attualmente protetta nell'ambito dell'Endangered Species Act. La caccia è stata ristretta solo alle aree in cui questa specie coesiste con il silvilago orientale, allo scopo di proteggere le rimanenti popolazioni pure di silvilago della Nuova Inghilterra.
Arnab Ekor Kapas New England (Sylvilagus transitionalis) ialah satu spesies arnab dalam genus Sylvilagus yang bertaburan di rantau New England, terutamanya dari Maine selatan hingga New York utara.[2] Spesies ini serupa sekali dengan Arnab Ekor Kapas Timur.
Disebabkan berkurangnya jumlah dan habitat spesies ini, Arnab Ekor Kapas New England kini dicalonkan untuk perlindungan di bawah Akta Spesies Terancam. Kegiatan memburu arnab ekor kapas telah disekat di beberapa kawasan di mana spesies-spesies Arnab Ekor Kapas Timur dan New England hidup bersama untuk melindungi populasi Arnab Ekor Kapas New England yang tinggal.[3]
Arnab Ekor Kapas New England (Sylvilagus transitionalis) ialah satu spesies arnab dalam genus Sylvilagus yang bertaburan di rantau New England, terutamanya dari Maine selatan hingga New York utara. Spesies ini serupa sekali dengan Arnab Ekor Kapas Timur.
Disebabkan berkurangnya jumlah dan habitat spesies ini, Arnab Ekor Kapas New England kini dicalonkan untuk perlindungan di bawah Akta Spesies Terancam. Kegiatan memburu arnab ekor kapas telah disekat di beberapa kawasan di mana spesies-spesies Arnab Ekor Kapas Timur dan New England hidup bersama untuk melindungi populasi Arnab Ekor Kapas New England yang tinggal.
De New-Englandkatoenstaart (Sylvilagus transitionalis) is een zoogdier uit de familie van de hazen en konijnen (Leporidae). De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd door Bangs in 1895.
De soort komt voor in de Verenigde Staten.
Bronnen, noten en/of referentiesDe New-Englandkatoenstaart (Sylvilagus transitionalis) is een zoogdier uit de familie van de hazen en konijnen (Leporidae). De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd door Bangs in 1895.
O Coelho-da-Nova-Inglaterra (Sylvilagus transitionalis) é um leporídeo endêmico dos Estados Unidos da América.
O Coelho-da-Nova-Inglaterra (Sylvilagus transitionalis) é um leporídeo endêmico dos Estados Unidos da América.
Sylvilagus transitionalis[2][3][4][5][6][7][8] är en däggdjursart som först beskrevs av Outram Bangs 1895. Sylvilagus transitionalis ingår i släktet bomullssvanskaniner, och familjen harar och kaniner.[9][10] IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som sårbar.[1] Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.[9]
Djuret har i princip samma utseende som östlig bomullssvanskanin (Sylvilagus floridanus). Sylvilagus transitionalis är allmänt lite mindre och har kortare öron än den andra arten. En svart fläck mellan ögonen och svarta kanter på öronen förekommer mera ofta en hos östlig bomullssvanskanin. För att skilja arterna från varandra behövs mätningar av skallens detaljer och genetiska undersökningar.[11]
Arten förekommer i nordöstra USA. Den lever i öppna skogar och buskskogar. Där dessa habitat ersätts med jordbruksmark eller tätare skogar blir djuret sällsynt. Sylvilagus transitionalis vistas gärna nära dammar, pölar, insjöar eller flyttande vatten. Den äter gröna växtdelar, frön samt frukter och under vintern även bark och kvistar. Honan kan ha flera kullar per år med genomsnittlig 3,5 ungar per kull. Vuxna individer är 38,2 till 42,5 cm stora (huvud och bål).[1]
Wikimedia Commons har media som rör Sylvilagus transitionalis.
Wikispecies har information om Sylvilagus transitionalis.
Sylvilagus transitionalis är en däggdjursart som först beskrevs av Outram Bangs 1895. Sylvilagus transitionalis ingår i släktet bomullssvanskaniner, och familjen harar och kaniner. IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som sårbar. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.
Djuret har i princip samma utseende som östlig bomullssvanskanin (Sylvilagus floridanus). Sylvilagus transitionalis är allmänt lite mindre och har kortare öron än den andra arten. En svart fläck mellan ögonen och svarta kanter på öronen förekommer mera ofta en hos östlig bomullssvanskanin. För att skilja arterna från varandra behövs mätningar av skallens detaljer och genetiska undersökningar.
Arten förekommer i nordöstra USA. Den lever i öppna skogar och buskskogar. Där dessa habitat ersätts med jordbruksmark eller tätare skogar blir djuret sällsynt. Sylvilagus transitionalis vistas gärna nära dammar, pölar, insjöar eller flyttande vatten. Den äter gröna växtdelar, frön samt frukter och under vintern även bark och kvistar. Honan kan ha flera kullar per år med genomsnittlig 3,5 ungar per kull. Vuxna individer är 38,2 till 42,5 cm stora (huvud och bål).
Sylvilagus transitionalis là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Leporidae, bộ Thỏ. Loài này được Bangs mô tả năm 1895.[2]
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Phương tiện liên quan tới Sylvilagus transitionalis tại Wikimedia Commons
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Bài viết liên quan đến động vật có vú này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn. Sylvilagus transitionalis là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Leporidae, bộ Thỏ. Loài này được Bangs mô tả năm 1895.
Sylvilagus transitionalis Bangs, 1895
Ареал
Новоанглийский кролик (лат. Sylvilagus transitionalis) — один из видов американских кроликов (Sylvilagus) из отряда зайцеобразных. Представлен лишь фрагментированными популяциями на территории Новой Англии, от южной части штата Мэн до южной части штата Нью-Йорка[1]. Этот вид очень похож на флоридского кролика (Sylvilagus floridanus), который был интродуцирован, после чего стал очень обычным в большинстве штатов Новой Англии[2].
Внешне новоанглийский кролик практически неотличим от флоридского кролика. Эти два вида чётко различаются только по особенностям строения черепа и по структуре ДНК. В целом, новоанглийский кролик чуть меньше, а его уши несколько короче. В 90 % случаев у новоанглийского кролика есть чёрное пятно между ушами (тогда как такое пятно имеют только 40 % флоридских кроликов). У них никогда не бывает белого пятна на лбу (у 43 % флоридских кроликов есть такие пятна). У 95 % новоанглийских кроликов передняя кромка ушных раковин чёрная (у флоридских кроликов такую окраску ушей имеют только у 40 % особей)[3].
Численность вида снизилась на 86 % за последние 50 лет[2]. Из-за этого снижения численности и сокращения мест обитания новоанглийский кролик стал кандидатом в список видов, находящихся под охраной в соответствии с федеральным американским Законом об исчезающих видах (Endangered Species Act). В целях защиты оставшихся популяций Sylvilagus transitionalis в некоторых областях, где флоридские кролики сосуществуют с новоанглийскими, была ограничена охота на кроликов[4].
Для поддержания стабильной популяции кроликам требуются выделы с подходящими биотопами площадью не менее 5 га (12 акров). В Нью-Гемпшире число таких пригодных для новоанглийских кроликов выделов снизилась в начале 2000-х годов с 20 до 8. Идеальный биотоп для новоанглийского кролика — это участок в 10 га (25 акров) на ранних стадиях сукцессии внутри большего участка кустарниковых водно-болотных угодий и густые заросли. Федеральное финансирование стало использоваться для восстановления мест обитания этого вида на государственных землях, в том числе проводились посадки кустарников и других растений, критически важных для качества среды обитания вида[2].
В 2013 году штат Коннектикут приступил к реализации проекта по восстановлению среды обитания в округе Личфилд, были вырублены 23 га (57 акров) перестойного леса, чтобы сформировать луговины и возобновляющиеся леса, необходимые для кролика[5].
Новоанглийский кролик, как следует из его названия, встречается, главным образом, в Новой Англии, а также в штате Нью-Йорк. До 1960 года этот вид встречался на всём протяжении штата Коннектикут, в штате Массачусетс (включая острова Мартас-Винъярд и Нантакет), в штате Род-Айленд, в южном Вермонте, в южном Нью-Гемпшире, южном Мэне, и всюду в штате Нью-Йорке к востоку от реки Гудзон к северу от Нью-Йорка. Небольшая популяция существовала также в южной части канадской провинции Квебек. В 1980-х годах численность вида снизилась из-за развития вторичных лесов и фрагментации мест обитания. Впоследствии, этот вид вымер в Вермонте и Квебеке. В Нью-Гэмпшире и Мэне площадь подходящих биотопов резко сократилась. В настоящее время в штате Массачусетс новоанглийские кролики обнаружены только в трех округах (первоначально они обитали во всех 14 округах штата). Этот вид все ещё широко распространён, но при этом крайне редок в Коннектикуте и Род-Айленде. Численность новоанглийских кроликов продолжает падать, что делает всё более трудными поиски этого неуловимого вида, эти трудности усугубляются тем, что вид часто путают с флоридским кроликом. По сей день новоанглийские кролики встречаются, в основном, в прибрежных районах юго-востока штата Мэн, юго-восточной части Нью-Гемпшира, в долине реки Мерримак[6] в Нью-Гемпшире, на Кейп-Коде в Массачусетсе, в юго-западной части Массачусетса, юго-восточной части штата Нью-Йорка, в некоторых районах западного и восточного Коннектикута и кое-где Род-Айленде. Существуют мелкие популяции на юге Нью-Гемпшира, на острове Нантакет, в окрестностях водохранилища Куаббин (англ.)русск. в Массачусетсе и на некоторых островах Бостонского залива.
Новоанглийский кролик причислен к «уязвимым» видам из-за сокращения его численности и исчезновения подходящих мест обитания. Служба рыбы и дичи США обследует подходящие для него местообитания. Из-за редкости этого вида и из-за того, что он почти идентичен флоридскому кролику, анализ ДНК, экстрагированной из помёта, — один из лучших способов доказать наличие новоанглийского кролика. Новоанглийский кролик отнесён к видам, находящимся «под угрозой» в штатах Нью-Гемпшир и Мэн, «вымершим видам» в Вермонте и Квебеке, к «видам, вызывающим особую озабоченность» в Нью-Йорке и Коннектикуте, и к «видам, представляющим особый интерес» в Массачусетсе и Род-Айленде. Обследования проводятся, как для выявления территорий, пригодных для воссоздания благоприятных для вида биотопов, так и для выявления территорий с подходящими местообитаниями, которые ещё могут сохранять остаточные популяции. Острова Мартас-Винъярд, Нантакет и штат Коннектикут являются важнейшими территориями, в которых могли сохраниться последние популяций вида. Служба рыбы и дичи США обнаружила популяции новоанглийского кролика на острове Нантакет и в восточном Коннектикуте. Дополнительные обследования проводятся для того, чтобы найти другие оставшиеся популяции в Новой Англии и штате Нью-Йорк.
Новоанглийский кролик (лат. Sylvilagus transitionalis) — один из видов американских кроликов (Sylvilagus) из отряда зайцеобразных. Представлен лишь фрагментированными популяциями на территории Новой Англии, от южной части штата Мэн до южной части штата Нью-Йорка. Этот вид очень похож на флоридского кролика (Sylvilagus floridanus), который был интродуцирован, после чего стал очень обычным в большинстве штатов Новой Англии.
新英格蘭棉尾兔（學名：Sylvilagus transitionalis） 是一種分佈於美國新英格蘭部分地區，即緬因州南部至紐約州南部的棉尾兔，其標準標準採於康乃狄克州新倫敦縣[3]。與東部棉尾兔很相似。
由於數量與棲地的減少，本種可能會被納入《瀕危物種法》的保護範圍。在一些兩種共生的地區，狩獵被限制，以保護餘下的種群。[4]
新英格蘭棉尾兔（學名：Sylvilagus transitionalis） 是一種分佈於美國新英格蘭部分地區，即緬因州南部至紐約州南部的棉尾兔，其標準標準採於康乃狄克州新倫敦縣。與東部棉尾兔很相似。
由於數量與棲地的減少，本種可能會被納入《瀕危物種法》的保護範圍。在一些兩種共生的地區，狩獵被限制，以保護餘下的種群。
뉴잉글랜드솜꼬리토끼(Sylvilagus transitionalis)는 토끼과에 속하는 포유류의 일종이다. 뉴잉글랜드 지역에 파편적인 개체 분포를 보이며, 특히 메인주 남부 지역부터 뉴욕 남부 지역까지 분포한다.[3] 이 종은 뉴잉글랜드솜꼬리토끼 분포 지역에 상당수 분포하는 동부솜꼬리토끼와 아주 많이 닮았다. 동부솜꼬리토끼가 이제는 더 흔하다.[4]
