Associations
(
Anglèis
)
fornì da BioImages, the virtual fieldguide, UK
Foodplant / saprobe
densely clustered, thick-stalked apothecium of Allophylaria campanuliformis is saprobic on rachis (base) of Dryopteris filix-mas
In Great Britain and/or Ireland:
Foodplant / spot causer
Herpobasidium filicinum causes spots on moribund frond of Dryopteris filix-mas
Foodplant / saprobe
subcuticular thyriothecium of Leptopeltis filicina is saprobic on dead leaf (rachis & veins) of Dryopteris filix-mas
Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Lycoperdon pyriforme is saprobic on dead, stem of Dryopteris filix-mas
Other: unusual host/prey
Foodplant / spot causer
telium of Milesina carpatorum causes spots on live leaf of Dryopteris filix-mas
Foodplant / spot causer
telium of Milesina kriegeriana causes spots on live leaf of Dryopteris filix-mas
Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Mycena pterigena is saprobic on dead, decayed debris of Dryopteris filix-mas
Foodplant / saprobe
short-stalked apothecium of Psilachnum chrysostigmum is saprobic on dead rachis of Dryopteris filix-mas
Remarks: season: 10-5
Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Ramariopsis crocea is saprobic on dead, decayed frond of Dryopteris filix-mas
Foodplant / pathogen
amphigenous ascoma of Taphrina athyrii infects and damages live leaf of Dryopteris filix-mas
Remarks: season: 8-9
Foodplant / gall
ascoma of Taphrina vestergrenii causes gall of live leaf of Dryopteris filix-mas
Foodplant / saprobe
fruitbody of Trechispora microspora is saprobic on dead, decayed frond of Dryopteris filix-mas
Other: unusual host/prey
Comments
(
Anglèis
)
fornì da eFloras
The taxonomy of Dryopteris filix-mas is not well understood. In North America, this fern has been considered both an auto- and an allopolyploid and may be composed of at least two closely related taxa. Plants in the northeast and northwest are tetraploid. These differ morphologically and ecologically from a taxon of unknown chromosome number in the southwestern Rocky Mountains. The Rocky Mountain taxon closely resembles the Mexican D . pseudofilix-mas (Fée) Rothmaler. Dryopteris filix-mas also occurs in Europe, and it is known to be an allopolyploid of D . caucasica (A. Braun) Fraser-Jenkins & Corley × oreades Fomin.
- licensa
- cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
- drit d'autor
- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Description
(
Anglèis
)
fornì da eFloras
Leaves monomorphic, dying back in winter, 28--120 × 10--30 cm. Petiole less than 1/4 length of leaf, scaly at least at base; scales scattered, brown, of 2 distinct kinds, 1 broad, 1 hairlike (only this species has 2 distinct forms of scales without intermediates). Blade green, ovate-lanceolate, pinnate-pinnatifid to 2-pinnate at base, firm but not leathery, not glandular. Pinnae ± in plane of blade, lanceolate; basal pinnae ovate-lanceolate, much reduced, basal pinnules or segments ± same length as adjacent pinnules, basal basiscopic pinnule and basal acroscopic pinnule equal; pinnule margins serrate to lobed. Sori midway between midvein and margin of segments. Indusia lacking glands. 2 n = 164.
- licensa
- cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
- drit d'autor
- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Distribution
(
Anglèis
)
fornì da eFloras
Greenland; Alta., B.C., Nfld., N.S., Ont., Que., Sask.; Ariz., Calif., Colo., Idaho, Mich., Mont., N.Mex., Nev., Okla., Oreg., Tex., Utah, Wash., Wis., Wyo.; Europe; Asia.
- licensa
- cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
- drit d'autor
- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Habitat
(
Anglèis
)
fornì da eFloras
Dense woods and talus slopes on limestone (ne North America); open woods among boulders and talus of granite or igneous rock (Rocky Mountains); 200--2500m.
- licensa
- cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
- drit d'autor
- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Synonym
(
Anglèis
)
fornì da eFloras
Polypodium filix-mas Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 1090. 1753
- licensa
- cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
- drit d'autor
- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Dryopteris filix-mas
(
Anglèis
)
fornì da wikipedia EN
Dryopteris filix-mas, the male fern,[1] is a common fern of the temperate Northern Hemisphere, native to much of Europe, Asia, and North America. It favours damp shaded areas in the understory of woodlands, but also shady places on hedge-banks, rocks, and screes. Near the northern limit of its distribution it prefers sunny, well-drained sites. It is much less abundant in North America than in Europe. The plant is sometimes referred to in ancient literature as worm fern, reflecting its former use against tapeworm.
Its specific epithet filix-mas means "male fern" (filix "fern", mas "male"), as the plant was thought to be the male version of the common lady fern Athyrium filix-femina.[2] being robust in appearance and vigorous in growth.[3]
Description
19th century illustration
The semi-evergreen leaves have an upright habit and reach a maximum length of 150 cm (59 in), with a single crown on each rootstock. The bipinnate leaves consist of 20–35 pinnae on each side of the rachis. The leaves taper at both ends, with the basal pinnae about half the length of the middle pinnae. The pinules are rather blunt and equally lobed all around. The stalks are covered with orange-brown scales. On the abaxial surface of the mature blade 5 to 6 sori develop in two rows. When the spores ripen in August to November, the indusium starts to shrivel, leading to the release of the spores.
This species hybridises easily with Dryopteris affinis (scaly male fern) and Dryopteris oreades (mountain male fern).
Cultivation and uses
Numerous cultivars have been selected for garden use. The following have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit:[4]
-
D. filix-mas[5]
- 'Crispa Cristata'[6]
- 'Cristata'[7]
- 'Grandiceps Wills'[8]
- 'Linearis Polydactyla'[9]
Culture
D. filix-mas is culturally named the title plant of Nurmijärvi, the municipality in Uusimaa, Finland. The reason is that the plant is related to the first Finnish pharmaceutical factory located in Nurmijärvi in 1899-1964. The pharmaceutical factory founded by the pharmacist Albin Koponen made Diphyllobothrium latum and cestoda medicines called Filisin and Filicon, the raw material of which was the rhizome of D. filix-mas. The rhizomes were still collected in the locality in the 1960s.[10]
References
- licensa
- cc-by-sa-3.0
- drit d'autor
- Wikipedia authors and editors
Dryopteris filix-mas: Brief Summary
(
Anglèis
)
fornì da wikipedia EN
Dryopteris filix-mas, the male fern, is a common fern of the temperate Northern Hemisphere, native to much of Europe, Asia, and North America. It favours damp shaded areas in the understory of woodlands, but also shady places on hedge-banks, rocks, and screes. Near the northern limit of its distribution it prefers sunny, well-drained sites. It is much less abundant in North America than in Europe. The plant is sometimes referred to in ancient literature as worm fern, reflecting its former use against tapeworm.
Its specific epithet filix-mas means "male fern" (filix "fern", mas "male"), as the plant was thought to be the male version of the common lady fern Athyrium filix-femina. being robust in appearance and vigorous in growth.
- licensa
- cc-by-sa-3.0
- drit d'autor
- Wikipedia authors and editors
