Lifespan, longevity, and ageing
provided by AnAge articles
Observations: Little is known about the longevity of these animals, but they have been known to live up to 2 years (http://www.fishbase.org/). Considering the longevity of similar species, however, maximum longevity could be significantly underestimated.
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- cc-by-3.0
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- Joao Pedro de Magalhaes
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- de Magalhaes, J. P.
Diagnostic Description
provided by FAO species catalogs
Body moderately deep, compressed, belly with 28 to 30 scutes. Head length 25 to 27% of standard length; a distinct median notch in upper jaw. Gillrakers fine but not numerous, 60 to 100 on lower part of arch (barely increasing after 10 cm standard length). Caudal fin short, 31 to 34% standard length. At most, a dark diffuse mark behind gill opening, but no other spots on flank. Resembles T. ilisha, which has a longer head (28 to 32% standard length), shorter caudal fin (25 to 31% standard length), more gillrakers (100 to 250, increasing in larger fishes) and spots along the flank, also scutes 30 to 33. Other Tenualosa species also have more than 100 gillrakers in fishes over about 10 cm standard length. The notched upper jaw distinguishes ifrom other similar clupeids, except Hilsa kelee, which has numerous longitudinal striae on top of head and spots along flank.
- bibliographic citation
- FAO Species catalogue Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world. (Suborder CLUPEOIDEI) An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, anchovies and wolf-herrings. Part 1. Chirocentridae, Clupeidae and Pristigasteridae.Whitehead, P.J.P. 1985. FAO Fish. Synop., (125)Vol.7 Pt. 1:303 p.
- author
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN
Distribution
provided by FAO species catalogs
India (eastern and western Coasts, also rivers) to Java Sea and South China Sea (Java, Thailand, thus overlapping range of T. macrura).
- bibliographic citation
- FAO Species catalogue Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world. (Suborder CLUPEOIDEI) An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, anchovies and wolf-herrings. Part 1. Chirocentridae, Clupeidae and Pristigasteridae.Whitehead, P.J.P. 1985. FAO Fish. Synop., (125)Vol.7 Pt. 1:303 p.
- author
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN
Size
provided by FAO species catalogs
To 50 cm standard length.
- bibliographic citation
- FAO Species catalogue Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world. (Suborder CLUPEOIDEI) An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, anchovies and wolf-herrings. Part 1. Chirocentridae, Clupeidae and Pristigasteridae.Whitehead, P.J.P. 1985. FAO Fish. Synop., (125)Vol.7 Pt. 1:303 p.
- author
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN
Brief Summary
provided by FAO species catalogs
Marine, pelagic and schooling in coastal waters,euryhaline. Perhaps anadromous, ascending rivers to breed (but in some areas fishery workers claim that it does not). Presumably its biology is similar to that of T. ilisha, but the fewer gillrakers suggest that it takes larger food organisms.More data needed, especially since it is not always distinguished from T. ilisha, especially at juvenile stages.
- bibliographic citation
- FAO Species catalogue Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world. (Suborder CLUPEOIDEI) An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, anchovies and wolf-herrings. Part 1. Chirocentridae, Clupeidae and Pristigasteridae.Whitehead, P.J.P. 1985. FAO Fish. Synop., (125)Vol.7 Pt. 1:303 p.
- author
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN
Benefits
provided by FAO species catalogs
Catch trends for Tenualosa toli can be considered only since 1984, when the main country fishing this species (Bangladesh) changed its way of reporting statistics data to FAO. In the recent years, the total catch has been ranging between 140 000 and 230 000 t including catches from area 51 (Western Indian Ocean), area 04 (Asia-Inland waters) and area 71(Eastern Central Pacific). In the distribution area (India and Bangladesh) where this species is overlapping with that of Tenualosa ilisha, often the catches are not distinguished. The fishes are mainly caught with traps, fishing weirs and drifted or fixed gillnets in estuaries and rivers during the upstream spawning migration; fishermen also use seine nets, bag nets, clasp nets and cast nets. The total catch reported for this species to FAO for 1999 was 3 900 t. The countries with the largest catches were Indonesia (3 900 t).
- bibliographic citation
- FAO Species catalogue Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world. (Suborder CLUPEOIDEI) An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, anchovies and wolf-herrings. Part 1. Chirocentridae, Clupeidae and Pristigasteridae.Whitehead, P.J.P. 1985. FAO Fish. Synop., (125)Vol.7 Pt. 1:303 p.
- author
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN
Diagnostic Description
provided by Fishbase
Belly with 28 to 30 scutes. A distinct median notch in upper jaw, which distinguishes it from other similar clupeids, except Hilsa kelee. Gill rakers fine but not numerous, 60 to 100 on lower part of arch. Caudal fin short. At most, a dark diffuse mark behind gill opening, but no other spots on flank.
- Recorder
- Crispina B. Binohlan
Life Cycle
provided by Fishbase
A semelparous species, but although each individual spawns only once and then dies, the spawning season for the species as a whole lasts from May to November (Ref. 26929). A monandric species (Ref. 55367). Sex change occurs at a length of 11.0 cm TL and 1.24 years of age (Ref. 55367).
Migration
provided by Fishbase
Anadromous. Fish that ascend rivers to spawn, as salmon and hilsa do. Sub-division of diadromous. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km.
- Recorder
- Crispina B. Binohlan
Morphology
provided by Fishbase
Dorsal spines (total): 0; Analspines: 0
- Recorder
- Crispina B. Binohlan
Biology
provided by Fishbase
Inhabits fast-flowing, turbid estuaries and adjacent coastal waters (Ref. 26929). Schooling in coastal waters, euryhaline and perhaps anadromous, ascending rivers to breed (but in some areas fishery workers claim that it does not). A protandrous hermaphrodite (Ref. 55367). Presumably its biology is similar to that of T. ilisha, but the fewer gill rakers suggest that it takes larger food organisms. Reported to feed on zooplankton (Ref. 58784). More data needed especially since it is not always distinguished from T. ilisha, especially at juvenile stages. Marketed fresh or dried-salted.
- Recorder
- Crispina B. Binohlan
Importance
provided by Fishbase
fisheries: highly commercial; price category: low; price reliability: reliable: based on ex-vessel price for this species
- Recorder
- Crispina B. Binohlan
Toli shad
provided by wikipedia EN
The toli shad or Chinese herring (Tenualosa toli) is a fish of the family Clupeidae, a species of shad distributed in the western Indian Ocean and the Bay of Bengal to the Java Sea and the South China Sea. It may be found in Mauritius[2] and the Cambodian Mekong near the Vietnam border.[3] It inhabits fast-flowing, turbid estuaries and adjacent coastal waters.[4]
Known as ikan terubok in Malaysia, T. toli is highly prized among Malaysians for its meat and eggs. Overfishing has depleted the population alarmingly in Southeast Asia.[5] Research center and fish farming are carried out by local farmers in many parts of Malaysia for conservation and commercial purposes.[6][7]
In Bangladesh, where it is known as Ilisha Chandana (চন্দনা ইলিশ), it is commercially less important than T. ilisha.[8][9] It is known as ငါးသလောက် • (nga:sa.lauk) /ŋəθəlaʊʔ/ in Myanmar, Trey Palung in Cambodia, Bhing in Maharashtra, Palwa in Gujarat, and Ullam / Seriya in Sri Lanka.[10]
In Thailand, T. toli was called Pla talumpuk (ปลาตะลุมพุก) or Pla lumpuk (ปลาหลุมพุก), its name is origin of Laem Talumphuk (Talumphuk Cape) in Amphoe Pak Phanang, Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, due to in the past, this place is found abundant T. toli.[11]
Ascending rivers to breed, T. toli is distinguished from similar clupeids, except Hilsa kelee (kelee shad or five spot herring), by a distinct median notch in upper jaw. Biology of this protandrous hermaphrodite[12] is presumed to be similar to that of Tenualosa ilisha, but the fewer gill rakers suggest an intake of larger species of zooplankton as food.[13]
References
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^ Di Dario, F. (2018). "Tenualosa toli". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 27 February 2020.
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^ Fricke, R., Fishes of the Mascarene Islands (Réunion, Mauritius, Rodriguez): an annotated checklist (Vol. 31), 1999, p. 759, Reference 33390, FishBase; Retrieved: 2008-01-13
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^ Rainboth, W.J., Fishes of the Cambodian Mekong, FAO Species Identification Field Guide for Fishery Purposes, 1996, p. 265, Reference 12693, FishBase; Retrieved: 2008-01-13
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^ Blaber, S.J.M., J. Pang, P. Wong, O. Boon-Teck, L. Nyigo and D. Lubim, The life history of the tropical shad Tenualosa toli from Sarawak, 1996, p. 225–242, Reference 26929, FishBase; Retrieved: 2008-01-13
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^ S.L. Wong, Bringing Back the Terubok, UNDP, Retrieved: 2010-11-11
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^ "Penternak Ikan Air Tawar 'Berputih Mata'". TRDI (in Malay). 9 September 2019. Retrieved 18 July 2021.
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^ "Pengeluaran terubuk Sarawak dipertingkat". Berita Harian (in Malay). 12 July 2018. Retrieved 18 July 2021.
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^ Akhtarunnessa Chowdhury, "Chandana", Banglapedia, Asiatic Society of Bangladesh, Retrieved: 2010-11-11
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^ "Study finds male Terubuk changes gender as it matures". The Star. 26 October 2014. Retrieved 27 October 2014.
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^ Tenualosa toli, Biodiversity occurrence data provided by: Field Museum of Natural History, Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of Washington Burke Museum, and University of Turku (Accessed through GBIF Data Portal, data.gbif.org), Retrieved: 2010-02-22
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^ "วิเคราะห์คอลัมนิสต์". Fahwonmai (in Thai). 2018-07-05. Retrieved 2018-07-05.
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^ Allsop, D.J. and S.A. West, Constant relative age and size at sex change for sequentially hermaphroditic fish, 2003, p. 921–929, Reference 55367, FishBase; Retrieved: 2008-01-13
-
^ Vidthayanon, C., Thailand red data: fishes, 2005, p. 108, Reference 58784, FishBase; Retrieved: 2008-01-13
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- cc-by-sa-3.0
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- Wikipedia authors and editors
Toli shad: Brief Summary
provided by wikipedia EN
The toli shad or Chinese herring (Tenualosa toli) is a fish of the family Clupeidae, a species of shad distributed in the western Indian Ocean and the Bay of Bengal to the Java Sea and the South China Sea. It may be found in Mauritius and the Cambodian Mekong near the Vietnam border. It inhabits fast-flowing, turbid estuaries and adjacent coastal waters.
Known as ikan terubok in Malaysia, T. toli is highly prized among Malaysians for its meat and eggs. Overfishing has depleted the population alarmingly in Southeast Asia. Research center and fish farming are carried out by local farmers in many parts of Malaysia for conservation and commercial purposes.
In Bangladesh, where it is known as Ilisha Chandana (চন্দনা ইলিশ), it is commercially less important than T. ilisha. It is known as ငါးသလောက် • (nga:sa.lauk) /ŋəθəlaʊʔ/ in Myanmar, Trey Palung in Cambodia, Bhing in Maharashtra, Palwa in Gujarat, and Ullam / Seriya in Sri Lanka.
In Thailand, T. toli was called Pla talumpuk (ปลาตะลุมพุก) or Pla lumpuk (ปลาหลุมพุก), its name is origin of Laem Talumphuk (Talumphuk Cape) in Amphoe Pak Phanang, Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, due to in the past, this place is found abundant T. toli.
Ascending rivers to breed, T. toli is distinguished from similar clupeids, except Hilsa kelee (kelee shad or five spot herring), by a distinct median notch in upper jaw. Biology of this protandrous hermaphrodite is presumed to be similar to that of Tenualosa ilisha, but the fewer gill rakers suggest an intake of larger species of zooplankton as food.
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